EP0373079A1 - Building with a modular structure - Google Patents

Abstract

This building is constructed from a certain number of modules (5) identical to one another, made from reinforced concrete, self- supporting, of a parallelepipedal general shape, and comprising two opposite open faces (10) and four other closed faces (7,8,9), each module being equipped, in proximity to each of its corners, with means (16) for assembly to the adjacent modules. Application to the construction of hotel buildings. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a building with a modular structure.

Traditionally, buildings are made from concrete walls which, mounted on foundations are poured on site or are made from prefabricated panels, and fixed on a framework, for example in reinforced concrete. Another solution consists in making the walls of buildings from elements of smaller dimensions such as concrete blocks superimposed and assembled to each other by mortar. Building construction therefore requires a team of specialists on site, whose long work may be disrupted by inclement weather.

The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by providing a building produced from standard modules, which are prefabricated in the factory and which require only one assembly on site, rapid operation and capable of being carried out by labor. unskilled working under the direction of a site foreman.

To this end, the building it concerns is made from a number of modules identical to each other made of self-supporting reinforced concrete, of generally parallelepiped shape, with two faces facing each other open and four others closed faces, each module being equipped, near each of these angles, with means of assembly with the neighboring modules.

The size of each module is such that it can be transported on the road without requiring an exceptional convoy.

For this purpose, the width of this module is less than 2.50 m, its height is less than 3 m, and its length can be chosen for example between 3.5 m and 4 m.

It is possible, to make a building to juxtapose and / or superimpose several modules, the open faces of the modules located at one end of the building being intended to be closed by prefabricated facade elements.

It is therefore sufficient after having made foundations and a base, for example using reinforced concrete beams, and precast concrete studs, to bring the modules to the site and assemble them to each other on the base before making an exterior cladding in the architectural style of the site on which the building ment is established. It should also be noted that it is possible, after a certain period of use and insofar as the building no longer has any utility in this place, to dismantle it in order to use the modules for the realization of 'another building.

According to an advantageous embodiment of each module, the four solid walls thereof each have a recessed central part facing outwards. This makes it possible to lighten the structure by limiting the mass of concrete, and to form a housing intended to receive an insulating material, insofar as the wall comprising such a recess is turned towards the outside of a building, or when 'it is adjacent to the panel of a neighboring module, so in the latter case, to improve sound insulation. In addition, during the molding of an element, it is possible to proceed purely and simply to the removal of the bottom panel of some of the recesses, in order to make it possible to create passages with the neighboring modules situated at the same level or on levels different depending on the case.

In accordance with another characteristic of the invention, each module comprises in each of its angles, a concrete heel coming from molding with the module and extending over the entire length of the angle considered, except at the ends thereof forming assembly area.

The four heels that a module comprises form reinforcements at the angles thereof, and serve as supports for a floor, with regard to the two heels arranged at the underside of the module. The vacuum existing between the bottom wall of a module and the floor of the latter can advantageously be used to carry out the passage of water pipes or electric cables.

According to another characteristic of the invention, the lower wall of each module has a number of regularly distributed indentations opening into its face turned towards the interior side of the module. These imprints are used to accommodate a corresponding number of studs which serve, with the heels formed in two angles, as supports for the floor in order to ensure excellent support of the latter, even if the material used is not very rigid. .

According to another characteristic of the invention, each module has, near each of its angles, two through holes formed respectively in a horizontal wall and in a vertical wall, each angle being further equipped with a metal part. rigid, having three perpendicular faces two by two, in the shape of a trihedron, one face of which is in abutment against a vertical wall, one face is in abutment against a horizontal wall, and the third face perpendicular to the first two faces is arranged in the plane of an open face of the module, each face having a hole, those of which formed in the faces bearing against the horizontal and vertical walls are in coincidence with the holes made in said walls.

It is thus possible, after juxtaposition of modules in two horizontal directions and vertical overlap, to ensure the connection between the modules by means of bolts, each assembly bolt being fitted with nuts bearing on the surfaces of two parts each belonging to a module.

Advantageously, the modules are assembled to each other with interposition in the tightening zones of strips made of a resilient flexible material.

In accordance with another characteristic of the invention, when two modules are arranged in the extension of one another and at a distance from each other, their connecting pieces facing each other serve to fixing of beams or the like, intended for mounting a floor. It is thus possible, in the case of the construction of a hotel, to have two series of modules distant from each other, and connected by beams forming a support for the floor of a corridor used for the serving the rooms, each room can be constituted for example by two modules arranged end to end.

• Figure 1 est une vue en perspective très schématique éclatée de ce bâtiment ;
• Figure 2 est une vue en perspective d'un module ;
• Figure 3 est une vue en coupe longitudinale de ce module ;
• Figure 4 est une vue en perspective éclatée de la zone d'assem­blage entre plusieurs modules ;
• Figure 5 est une vue de face de l'assemblage entre quatre modu­les ;
• Figure 6 est une vue en coupe par un plan horizontal de cet assemblage selon la ligne VI-VI de figure 5 ;
• Figure 7 est une vue en perspective d'un assemblage en partie haute et vue de l'intérieur entre deux éléments en cours de montage ;
• Figure 8 est une vue du même assemblage en fin de montage.

In any case, the invention will be clearly understood with the aid of the description which follows, with reference to the appended schematic drawing, representing by way of nonlimiting example an embodiment of a modular building:

• Figure 1 is a very schematic exploded perspective view of this building;
• Figure 2 is a perspective view of a module;
• Figure 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of this module;
• Figure 4 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly area between several modules;
• Figure 5 is a front view of the assembly between four modules;
• Figure 6 is a sectional view through a horizontal plane of this assembly along line VI-VI of Figure 5;
• Figure 7 is a perspective view of an assembly in the upper part and seen from the inside between two elements being assembled;
• Figure 8 is a view of the same assembly at the end of assembly.

The building represented in FIG. 1 comprises traditional foundations constituted in particular by girders 2 in reinforced concrete, and studs 3 in precast concrete, at the level of which a crawl space is formed 4. As shown in the drawing, the body of the building is made from sixteen prefabricated modules each designated by the reference 5, the assembly being covered by a roof 6. Each prefabricated module 5 is obtained by molding in reinforced concrete and comprises a lower wall 7, an upper wall 8 and two vertical walls 9 , arranged opposite one another which are full. The other two vertical faces 10 are completely open. As shown in the drawing, each of the walls 7, 8 and 9 has a recess 12 formed in its central part and opening into its outer face. This recess 12 makes it possible to lighten the module by limiting the mass of concrete, and also allows, if one of the walls 7,8 or 9 must be open, to position the mold base so that there is no matter at this level.

In each angle, between a horizontal wall 7,8 and a vertical wall 9, is provided a concrete heel 13, of triangular section, extending over the entire length of the angle, except in the end zones of that -ci, used for assembly with neighboring modules. To achieve this assembly, each module comprises in each of its angles, a through hole 14 formed in a horizontal wall 7,8, and a through hole 15 formed in a vertical wall 9. Each piece of a module is associated with a part of metal assembly 16. This part 16 comprises three perpendicular faces two by two, one of which 16a is intended to bear on a horizontal wall 7,8, the second of which 16b is intended to bear on a vertical wall 9, and of which the third 16c, perpendicular to the first two, is located substantially in the plane of an open face 10 of the element. Each face 16a, 16b, 16c comprises a hole 17, the holes 17 of the faces 16a and 16b being in coincidence with the holes respectively 14.15 of the walls 7.9. To benefit from good rigidity, the assembly part 16 is provided, on its open sides, with reinforcement tabs. As shown in the drawing, these parts 16 allow a three-dimensional assembly of the elements using bolts designated by the general reference 19. It should be noted that the connecting pieces 16 are of height equal to those of the masonry heels 13, so that those arranged at a lower wall 7 are hidden by the floor 21, which rests on said heels. The floor 21 is further supported by studs arranged in indentations 20, opening into the face of the lower wall 7 facing the interior of the module.

To compensate for the play due to the manufacturing tolerances of the modules, these are assembled with interposition in the wedge clamping zones constituted for example by bands 22 made of a resilient material.

Figures 7 and 8 show the assembly in the upper part of two modules, and on their side facing the interior side. The horizontal joining zones at the level of the upper panels and vertical at the level of the panels 9 are covered by joint covers 23. The junction pieces are covered as well as the ends of the joint covers 23 by a piece 24 of decorative appearance. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the open faces 9 of the modules are closed by prefabricated elements 25. In addition, this building comprises two series of modules at a distance from each other, and connected one to the other by beams 26 supporting floors 27 intended to form the circulation corridors serving the different rooms.

As is apparent from the above, the invention brings a great improvement to the existing technique, by providing a modular building of simple design, quickly assembled on site, capable of being dismantled, and capable of supporting numerous types of finishing for adapt to the local architectural style.

It goes without saying that the invention is not limited to the sole embodiment of this building, nor to the sole embodiment of the module described above by way of examples; on the contrary, it embraces all its variants.

Claims (5)

1. Building with a modular structure, made from a number of modules (5) identical to each other made of reinforced concrete, self-supporting, of generally parallelepiped shape, having two faces (10) facing each other open and four other closed faces (7,8,9), each module being equipped, near each of its angles, with means of assembly with the neighboring modules, characterized in that each module (5) has, near each of its angles, two through holes (14, 15) formed respectively in a horizontal wall (7,8) and in a vertical wall (9), each angle being additionally equipped with a rigid metal part (16), comprising three faces perpendicular two by two, in the shape of a trihedron, one face (16a) of which is in abutment against a vertical wall, one face (16a) is in abutment against a horizontal wall, and the third face (16c) perpendicular to the first two faces is arranged in the plane an open face (10) of the module, each face having a hole (17), of which those formed in the faces bearing against the horizontal (7,8) and vertical (9) walls are in coincidence with the holes made in said walls. 2. Building according to claim 1, characterized in that the four solid walls (7,8,9) of each module (5) each have a central part (12) recessed, facing outwards. 3. Building according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that each module (5) comprises, in each of its angles, a heel (13) of concrete coming from molding with the module and extending over any the length of the angle considered, except at the ends thereof forming an assembly zone. 4. Building according to claim 3, characterized in that the lower wall (7) of each module (5) comprises a number of indentations (20) regularly distributed opening out in its face turned towards the interior side of the module, each footprint (20) allowing the housing of a stud serving to support the floor. 5. Building according to claim 4, characterized in that when two modules (5) are arranged in the extension of one another, and at a distance from each other, their assembly parts (16) vis-à-vis are used for fixing beams (26) or the like, intended for mounting a floor (27).

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