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EP0366769A1 - Dispositif d'analyse du mode de deplacement d'organismes vivants - Google Patents

Dispositif d'analyse du mode de deplacement d'organismes vivants

Info

Publication number
EP0366769A1
EP0366769A1 EP89905602A EP89905602A EP0366769A1 EP 0366769 A1 EP0366769 A1 EP 0366769A1 EP 89905602 A EP89905602 A EP 89905602A EP 89905602 A EP89905602 A EP 89905602A EP 0366769 A1 EP0366769 A1 EP 0366769A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
measuring
sensor
force
spring
living
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP89905602A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Walter Roost
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Standard St Sensortechnik AG
Original Assignee
Standard St Sensortechnik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard St Sensortechnik AG filed Critical Standard St Sensortechnik AG
Publication of EP0366769A1 publication Critical patent/EP0366769A1/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/103—Measuring devices for testing the shape, pattern, colour, size or movement of the body or parts thereof, for diagnostic purposes
    • A61B5/1036—Measuring load distribution, e.g. podologic studies
    • A61B5/1038—Measuring plantar pressure during gait

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for examining the gait of a living being, in particular a horse, by measuring the force exerted by its feet on the ground as well as the locations, the duration and the time course of the application of force in the region of a substantially horizontal and as a part of the floor formed measuring surface, which is subdivided into parallel elongated measuring sections essentially at right angles to the direction of movement of the living being, and a corresponding device in which each measuring section has a force transducer with an essentially rectangular force receiving surface and a plurality is assigned by sensors connected to an electronic evaluation unit.
  • This method and this device provide results which, even if they can be used when making a diagnosis, can still be used primarily outside of medical science as intermediate results for assessing the gait of the living being in question. Especially with high-quality horses from racing, for example, it proves necessary to obtain measurements of gait and hoof pattern. In addition to the fact that such measured values report abnormalities and can often provide information about their causes, these measured values provide information about the current condition ("fitness") of the horse and its current chances in racing. Since every horse has its own, individual gait, this gait can be measured and saved with perfect health and best performance. It is then available as a basic gait pattern for later comparison with new measurements.
  • Regular gait analyzes enable early deviations from the basic gait pattern to be recognized, especially in front of the horse shows a lameness. In this way, for example, a horse affected by poor physical condition can be spared or, if necessary, measures can be taken in good time to prevent the disease from progressing.
  • the performance potential of a horse depends on the time period in which two or more hooves are in contact with the ground simultaneously during a step. Furthermore, the performance potential depends on the length of time in which all four legs are not in contact with the ground at the same time during a step.
  • US-4195643 describes a method for determining the relationship between a pain limit and the physiological pressure force attributable to the pain.
  • the physiological pressure forces are absorbed by a pressure plate system in order to generate an output signal with a direct voltage and an alternating voltage component.
  • the DC voltage component and the AC voltage component are then separated in a corresponding analysis device and then an output signal derived from the AC voltage component is generated which quantifies the yield point.
  • the duration corresponding to the successive steps and the corresponding chronological sequence of the application of force are not determined with a resolution which would be suitable for the early detection of deviations from the basic gait pattern, because this is not necessary when using these known systems , because these are essentially intended for the investigation of the biomechanics of human gait with regard to diagnostics and therapeutics.
  • the person to be examined in the system according to WO-87/01574 walks on a soft mat and in the system according to US-4267728 on transparent bars lined up in parallel, which cannot be used or extrapolated for a horse, since a horse, when it senses or sees a change in the nature of the soil, in response immediately changed his gait from the article by S. Hirokawa and K.
  • Matsumara Garnier analysis using a measuring walkway for temporal and distance factors
  • Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 25 (Sept. 1987) 577-582 is a system for un - Examination of the human gait known, which is similar to the system according to WO-87/01574, has the same disadvantages and is therefore also unsuitable for the early detection of deviations from the basic pattern of gait, especially of a horse.
  • US-4195643 it is also known to examine the gait of a living being (human or horse), in that the force applied to a measuring surface also takes place with the aid of force transducers which are lined up in parallel and connected to an electronic evaluation unit.
  • the locations of the application of force and the position of these locations relative to one another are also determined. This is intended to provide information about the relative arrangement of human or horse footprints and the strength of the pressure as a function of time.
  • the duration corresponding to the successive steps and the corresponding temporal sequence of the application of force are not determined with a resolution which would be suitable for the early detection of deviations from the basic pattern of the gait, because this is the case with the envisaged use of this System is not necessary at all, since this is essentially intended for examining the biomechanics of the aisle with regard to diagnosis and therapy.
  • the measurement area provided cannot be used or extrapolated in its design and dimensions to investigate the gait of a horse: on the one hand, the measurement area projects above the ground, which is not useful for a horse because it reacts to it would immediately change its gait, on the other hand, the measuring area with its prostitutes Sions of approx. 60 x 60 cm (whether subdivided or not) for the early detection of deviations from the basic pattern of sporting gait (running in humans, trotting or galloping in horses) are unsuitably dimensioned and proportioned, since there is a much wider range and longer measuring area is required.
  • Hydraulic pressure transducers have been proposed in CH-658726 and CH-669256 for measuring the force applied to a measuring surface with the aid of force transducers lined up in parallel and connected to an electronic evaluation unit.
  • An incompressible liquid is located in an elastic, tubular housing that can be acted upon by an external pressure, this housing being connected to a pressure gauge or transducer.
  • the wall of the tubular housing which is intended to take up pressure is connected to a pressure-transmitting longitudinal reinforcement via the liquid.
  • Electromechanical pressure transducers have been proposed in US-3906931 for measuring the force applied to a measuring surface and the locations of the application of force and the position of these locations relative to one another.
  • this device can actually also determine the locations of the application of force and the position of these locations relative to one another at the moment or as a function of time, but this device is only intended for examining a person's position: This device is unsuitable for examining the gait of a person, let alone for examining the gait of a horse.
  • Devices of a similar type with the same disadvantages are also known, for example, from US-3340726 and US-3090226.
  • Magnetic encoders that can be used for force measurement are generally mentioned in the "Manual for electrical measurement of mechanical sizes" by C. Rohrbach, VDI-Verlag (Düsseldorf, 1967) and are briefly described therein.
  • any abnormality of the gait and any deviation from a basic pattern or from an earlier pattern of this gait can be recognized.
  • the measuring surface has a very similar mechanical, acoustic and optical quality to the normal floor, because the living being should not notice any difference between the normal floor and the measuring surface.
  • the measuring surface must not have any noticeably resilient elements or parts and it should look and tone like the surrounding normal floor.
  • the force transducers must therefore allow sufficient resolution in the direction of movement of the living being to ensure both a sufficiently precise local determination of the loads occurring and corresponding distance measurements between the various extremities of the living being.
  • the number of force transducers cannot be increased arbitrarily for practical reasons of the limited space available, the speed of the query for the entire measuring area, etc. and last but not least for cost reasons.
  • the individual force transducers must be narrow, yet stiff and resistant and, moreover, their force-absorbing surface must be of a predetermined nature that is adapted to the living being to be examined. Forces up to 5000 Newtons must be detectable.
  • the method according to the invention is characterized in that the force applied by the living being to a measuring section is broken down into two components, one of which is based on the measuring section. acts in the vicinity of one of its ends, these two components are broken down into vertical and horizontal parts, the two vertical parts thus obtained are then measured separately in order to obtain a measurement value which is in the course of one of the succession is cyclically queried and stored by measuring sections in the movement direction of the living being, in order to be subsequently interpreted when examining the gait of the living being.
  • the procedure is such that the measured values are temporarily stored on the one hand and compared with a predetermined threshold value on the other hand, and that only those temporarily stored measured values that exceed the threshold value are passed on for evaluation, with the determination of the total force exerted vertically on a measuring section the sum of the two measured values and for determining the location of the force application to this measuring section the ratio of the difference of the two measured values to their sum is formed.
  • the procedure is such that the sum of the two measured values is formed to determine the total force exerted vertically on a measuring section, this sum is temporarily stored on the one hand and on the other hand compared with a predetermined threshold value, and only those values of the temporarily stored total that exceed the threshold value are forwarded for evaluation.
  • the method according to the invention is preferably carried out in such a way that those temporarily stored values which exceed the threshold value are converted analog-to-digital, if necessary after amplification, while a digital identification tion of the corresponding transducer (s) and a digital time specification, and that each value obtained for evaluation is saved together with its identification and its time specification.
  • the cyclical query sequence is only initiated when an intermediate value exceeding the threshold value occurs, and that it is switched off automatically if no occurrence of a value exceeding the threshold value occurs during a predetermined time cached value has been determined.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized in that the width of the individual measuring section is smaller than the length of the living being's foot and the length of the measuring section is greater than the track width of the living being and that the force transducer is one includes rigid crossbar, on the upper surface of which the measuring section is arranged and which is supported on both sides by a sensor block in the vicinity of its ends and acts on a sensor in the vertical direction.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably designed in such a way that the crossbeam in the force transducer is essentially only vertically movable and is supported on a measuring spring, which in turn is supported on the sensor block, that the transmitter is a displacement sensor for the vertical movement of the measuring spring, and that a transmission element for the vertical movement of the measuring spring is arranged between the latter and the measuring transducer, this transmission element being operatively connected to the measuring transducer and being acted upon by elastic means towards the measuring spring.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably designed such that the measuring spring is a flat spring is formed and arranged in the sensor block such that its deflection is limited by its placement on a fixed part of the sensor block, and that the essentially vertically extending transmission element comprises a rod section and a push rod connecting to the lower end of the rod section and one to the upper one Has a sliding body adjoining the end of the rod section, the sliding body being guided in the vertical direction in a guide sleeve provided in the sensor block and provided on its upper part with a head which is gripped by a sealing washer supported on the sensor block and comprises an adjusting device, the upper end of which has a receiving trough for the lower part of a ball lying in its upper part against the measuring spring.
  • the measuring spring is a flat spring is formed and arranged in the sensor block such that its deflection is limited by its placement on a fixed part of the sensor block
  • the essentially vertically extending transmission element comprises a rod section and a push rod connecting to the lower end of the rod section and
  • the device according to the invention is preferably designed such that a ball or roller is arranged between the crossbar and the measuring spring, which is caught in a corresponding ball receptacle in the sensor block and rests on the measuring spring essentially in the middle thereof, while the measuring spring is mounted on two rollers, spaced apart from one another and symmetrically from the center of the measuring spring, arranged essentially parallel to one another and at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the measuring section, one roller being stationary relative to the sensor block and the other roller being movable.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably designed such that a rail strip is provided in the sensor block, in which the measuring spring and the ball are received and which is overlapped by a U-shaped profile strip provided on the crossbar.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably also designed such that the crossbar in the force transducer protrudes upwards from the sensor block on at least one. the carrier stored and with it over a substantially horizontal. Spring tab is connected, and that the force transducers are inserted in a pit, the sensor blocks being fastened in two parallel rows to each of a foundation profile embedded in the bottom of the pit with the aid of screw bolts and clamping blocks connected to the foundation profile, and these clamping blocks provided with lugs engaging in the grooves of the sensor blocks and arranged offset in relation to the sensor blocks, such that fastening screws assigned to the terminal blocks are accessible from above for a screwdriver between the sensors used in the sensor blocks.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably also designed such that a number of force transducers are arranged together on an auxiliary mounting frame, the clamping blocks being connected to the auxiliary mounting frame with the aid of the fastening screws, and the individual sensor blocks being connected to the foundation profile using the screw bolts are.
  • the device according to the invention is preferably also designed such that the sensor is a Hall effect sensor with sensor elements arranged between permanent magnets, these sensor elements being fastened in the sensor by means of fastening elements made of resilient material and being applied to the push rod.
  • the number of measuring points is reduced by arranging a sensor block on both sides near the ends of the crossbeams, which shortens the polling cycle and thus a high rate Measurement speed enabled. Nevertheless, it is possible to determine the location of the application of force, without asking additional sensors and therefore without slowing down the measuring process. Only the measured values of loaded force transducers are stored together with an identification and a time specification, which reduces the amount of memory required, and it is easily possible to have the corresponding threshold value controlled by software and, if necessary, changed. Storage capacity is also saved by the fact that the cyclical query sequence only begins when usable measured values are available and is automatically switched off when there is a high probability that usable measured values are no longer to be expected.
  • the clock speed of the interrogation cycle can also be controlled by software, which allows the measurement speed and the available storage capacity to be adapted to different movement speeds of the living being.
  • its zero point i.e. the measurement value given by the transducer when the load cell is not loaded
  • This is of particular interest because shifts in the zero point can occur, for example due to temperature changes, and would have a particularly disruptive effect, particularly in the case of the finest measurements sought, if no compensation of the zero point were possible.
  • the measuring spring can easily be exchanged for a correspondingly thicker or thinner measuring spring, which considerably simplifies the adaptation to different measuring conditions.
  • the rail strip provided in the sensor block in which the measuring spring and the ball are accommodated and which is overlapped like a roof by a U-shaped profile strip provided on the crossbeam, ensures that precipitation entering the device from above does not fall into the Measuring range or in the kinematic transmission chain from the crossbar over the measuring spring to the sensor element.
  • the assembly of the device is facilitated by the fact that the attachment of the force transducers between the sensors is attacked from above and an auxiliary assembly frame can be used.
  • the measured values transferred by the force transducer can be both dynamic and static in nature.
  • the dynamic measurement is carried out realistically by a low-delay measuring system with high cycle rates.
  • the measurement of purely static load, with the polling cycle being triggered manually, enables the device according to the invention to be used as a balance. Overall, a device is created which leads to a comprehensive and reliable examination of the gait of a living being, in particular a horse, and thus to a very early detection of gait abnormalities.
  • FIG. 1 shows a partially broken open guideway for examining the gait of a living being, for example a horse?
  • 2 shows a perspective view of a row of force transducers according to the invention, mounted on an auxiliary mounting frame; 3 shows a longitudinal section of an end part of a force transducer according to the invention; 4 shows a cross section through a force transducer according to the invention along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3; 5 shows an enlarged longitudinal section through a sensor according to the invention;
  • FIG. 6 shows an enlarged part of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 7 shows an enlarged part of FIG.
  • FIG. 10 shows a block diagram for another exemplary embodiment of processing measured values in the device according to the invention.
  • 1 shows a guideway 1 on which horses are guided, for example, and which has a cover 2.
  • This cover 2 is, for example, a carpet made of plastic, rubber or the like and serves to protect force transducers 3 and to create a running surface that is as homogeneous as possible, so that, for example, a horse guided over the guideway 1 is not influenced by surface differences.
  • the actual measuring surface 4 for example with a length 1 of approximately 4000 mm and a width b of approximately 800 mm, is located under the cover 2.
  • the measuring surface 4 is essentially horizontal and is part of the floor and is essentially divided into measuring sections 29 at right angles to the direction of movement of the living being indicated by X. These measuring sections 29, of which only a few are shown in FIG. 1 for the sake of clarity, are elongated and lined up in parallel like lamellae, and each measuring section corresponds to a force transducer 3 with an essentially rectangular force-receiving surface.
  • the width of the individual measuring section 29 is, for example, 25 mm and is thus smaller than the length of the horse's foot, while the length of the measuring section 29 is equal to the width b of approximately 800 mm of the measuring surface 4 and is therefore larger than that Track width of the horse.
  • a plurality of force transducers 3 are arranged on an auxiliary mounting frame 5.
  • Each individual force transducer 3 u holds a rigid crossbeam 6, which is supported near its ends on both sides on a sensor block 7 against the mounting frame 5 and on the upper surface of which the measuring section 29 is arranged.
  • Each sensor block 7 has a plug-in connection 8 for a sensor 23 (in FIG.
  • FIGS. 8 to 10 show a section of a force transducer 3, which is inserted in a corresponding pit 11 below the guideway 1. In the section shown, one end part of the device shown is shown, the other end part is essentially symmetrical.
  • the force transducers 3 are anchored or fixed to a base 12 via a foundation profile 13.
  • the sensor blocks 7 are in two parallel rows, each on a foundation profile 13 embedded in the bottom of the pit with the aid of screw bolts 14 and with the foundation profile 13 connected terminal blocks 16 fastened.
  • the clamping blocks 16 are provided with lugs 17 which engage in grooves 18 in the sensor blocks 7.
  • the clamping blocks 16, as can be seen in FIG. 4, are arranged offset with respect to the sensor blocks 7 in such a way that fastening screws 19 assigned to the clamping blocks 16 are accessible for a screwdriver from above between the sensors 23 used in the sensor blocks 7 , because there is a bore 21 for the fastening screw 19 between two blind bores 22 or in the assembled state of the device between two sensors 23.
  • Each sensor block 7 can either be connected directly to the foundation profile 13 by means of a screw bolt 14 with centering by guide bolts 15, or the auxiliary mounting frame 5 indicated by dashed lines can be interposed and placed thereon " a number of force transducers 3 can be arranged together. It is also possible to use a plurality of such auxiliary assembly frames 5 in a row. Each clamping block 16 is then connected to the auxiliary mounting frame 5 with the aid of the fastening screw 19, and this and the individual sensor blocks 7 are connected to the foundation profile 13 with the aid of the screw bolts 14.
  • a rail strip 25 is formed by the sensor block 7 via a shoulder-like shoulder 24, which is gripped and overlapped by a U-shaped profile strip 26 of the crossbeams 6.
  • the crossbeam 6 is, moreover, a rigid aluminum profile, a wall strip 27 adjoining the U-shaped profile strip 26, which widens towards the top in a T-shape.
  • This T-shaped strip 28 forms an upper surface of the measuring section 29, which lies under the cover 2.
  • the T-shaped strip 28 is provided with an essentially horizontal slot 30 into which an essentially horizontal spring tab is inserted .
  • e 31 is inserted.
  • the connection between the spring tab 31 and the T-shaped strip 28 is provided by countersunk screws 32.
  • the insertion of the spring tab 31 is simplified by the fact that this part of the T-shaped strip 28 is designed as a cover strip 33, which is only produced when the countersunk head is screwed together - Screw 32 of the spring tab 31 is placed.
  • the spring tab 31 is connected via a screw 34 to a carrier 35 which is fixed to the sensor block 7 via further screws 36 and projects upwards from the latter.
  • the crossbar 6 is mounted in the force transducer 3 on the supports 35.
  • the spring tab 31 prevents the crossbars 6 from tilting sideways and thus allows the vertical force components to act, i.e. the crossbeam 6 is mounted in the force transducer 3 essentially only vertically movable.
  • an intermediate space 37 is maintained between the carrier 35 and the crossbar 6, which intercepts a length change in the crossbar 6 caused by possible temperature changes.
  • a groove 38 is formed by the U-shaped profile strip 26, with a matched point in the groove base 39, a hard metal piece 40 is embedded. When the device is installed, this hard metal piece 40 rests on a ball 41 which is located in a ball receptacle 42 in the rail strip 25, a roller also being able to be used instead of the ball 41.
  • the ball or roller 41 is supported on a measuring spring 43, which is designed as a flat spring and is also received in the rail strip 25.
  • the measuring spring 43 rests on both sides on cylindrical, hardened rollers 45 and 46 and is in this way arranged on the sensor block 7 on two mutually spaced and symmetrical from the center of the measuring spring 43, essentially parallel to one another and at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the measuring section 29 Rollers 45, 46 supported.
  • the measuring spring 43 is acted upon essentially in the middle via the ball or roller 41 by the force acting on the crossbar 6 or on the upper surface of the measuring section 29.
  • the corresponding vertical movement of the measuring spring 43 i.e. the deflection of the measuring spring 43, which is proportional to the acting force, is received by a transmission element 47 which is arranged between the latter and the measuring sensor 23 and is operatively connected to the measuring sensor 23.
  • This sensor 23 is designed as a displacement sensor and supplies an electrical signal that corresponds to the vertical movement of the measuring spring 43.
  • Appropriate dimensioning of the exchangeable measuring spring 43 enables adaptation to a desired force measuring range.
  • the measuring spring 43 is also arranged in the sensor block 7 in such a way that its deflection is limited by placing it on a fixed part of the sensor block 7, so that an overloading of the measuring spring by excessive bending is not possible. While the roller 45 is fixed in the sensor block 7, the other roller 46 is movably supported and is supported on the one hand against a smiles shown pin 48 and on the other hand against a coil spring 49. In this way, it can roll according to the deflection of the measuring spring 43 by a certain amount on a corresponding plate 50.
  • This one-sided movable support of the measuring spring 43 on the roller 46 eliminates hysteresis and increases the measuring accuracy.
  • the measuring spring 43 acts on a further ball 51, which is already part of the transmission element 47.
  • This ball 51 rests in a corresponding receiving trough 52 of an adjusting device 53 which is inserted into a sliding body 54.
  • This sliding body 54 has a head 55, which is, for example, a round head and rests on a sealing washer 56 in the mounted device.
  • This sealing washer 56 encloses a shaft piece 57 of the sliding body 54 and is fixed via a clamping ring 58 in part of a stepped bore 59 which is molded into the sensor block 7.
  • This stepped bore 59 is also penetrated by the sliding body 54, the shaft piece 57 of which is guided by a guide sleeve 60.
  • the transmission element 47 merges after the shaft piece 57 into a rod section 61, which engages through a wall 62 of the transmitter 23.
  • This rod section 61 is then followed in the sensor 23 shown in FIG. 5 by a push rod 63, which in turn is seated in a hood 64 and is supported there against a ball 65. If it turns out to be necessary, this hood 64 can still be supported by a helical spring against the lower wall 62 or a steel ring 66. In this way, the hood 64 can then follow the movement of the push rod 63.
  • the permanent magnet 70 magnetically sensitive sensor elements 69, which are used, for example, as Hall effect sensors or as magnetoresistant sensors. sistive sensors are formed, as well as fastening elements 68, a steel ring 66 ensuring the magnetic closure.
  • the fastening elements 68 are made of spring-elastic material, for example as wire springs, and serve to hold the sensor elements 69 in a movable manner.
  • the fastening elements 68 have an elastic pretension which acts on the sensor elements 69 towards the push rod 63
  • Strips 67 are connected to the fastening elements 68, which are prestressed and designed in such a way that they enable the positioning and return of the sensor elements 69 even without the additional helical spring mentioned and act on them towards the measuring spring 43.
  • the essentially vertically extending transmission element 47 has a rod section 61 and a push rod 63 adjoining the lower end of the rod section 61 and a sliding body 54 adjoining the upper end of the rod section 61.
  • the sliding body 54 is guided in the vertical direction in a guide sleeve 60 provided in the sensor block 7 and is provided with a head 55 on its upper part.
  • This head 55 is gripped by a sealing washer 56 supported on the sensor block 7 and includes an adjusting device 53, the upper end of which has a receiving trough 52 for the lower part of a ball 51 which rests in its upper part on the measuring spring 43.
  • Fastening elements 68 and support elements 71, 72 run parallel to it, the sensor elements 69 are initially connected to the plug connection 8 and further via this to an electronic circuit or evaluation unit, which is described in more detail below.
  • the two sensor elements 69 of each individual transmitter 23 deliver signals of opposite direction or polarity, which are combined in a known manner in the electronic evaluation unit in order to eliminate possible DC voltage components and induced interference signals (mains frequency hum and the like) (suppression of the so-called " common mode ").
  • the sensor elements 69 can also be supplied with direct or alternating current in a known manner, as can an impedance conversion of the signals of the sensor elements 69 with regard to the input impedance of the circuit intended for subsequent processing.
  • the in the Measured value memories 81 stored signals successively passed on via switch 83. to a bus 84 and from there to an A / D converter 85.
  • the digital signals appearing on the output line 86 of the A / D converter 85 are processed and displayed in a computer 87 serving as an evaluation device with a screen 88, keyboard 89 and possibly a printer 90.
  • 9 shows a block diagram for an exemplary embodiment of the processing of measured values. This exemplary embodiment relates to the separate processing of the measured values of all sensors. For the sake of clarity, only two transducers are indicated in FIG.
  • the signal that triggers this zero balance in the circuit 91 is given by the control electronics 82. After the zero adjustment has taken place, it is held until the query of the measured value by the sensor 23L and the forwarding of its measured value by the measured value memory 81, for example for 2 minutes, provided that no query has taken place earlier. Thereafter, the zero deviation is repeated, but it can also be repeated in longer periodic time intervals become .
  • the measured value memory 81 serves as a buffer until the measured value of the measured value transmitter 23L is queried.
  • the query of the measured value temporarily stored in the measured value memory 81 is released, but this query is only carried out when the relevant force transducer 3 has a cycle.
  • the measurement values exceeding the threshold value are queried by successively switching on the corresponding switches 83 and always in the running direction X (FIGS. 1 and 8), ie from the first to the last of, for example, 160 force transducers 3 and back to the first in periodic repetition.
  • similar connections to the collecting line 84 are provided and indicated on the collecting line 84 in FIG. 9.
  • the analog measured value temporarily stored in the measured value memory 81 reaches the collecting line 84 and from there via an analog amplifier 94 to the A / D converter 85, which is also subject to the control electronics 82.
  • the now converted analog-to-digital measured value is forwarded to a digital memory 95 and read therein.
  • an identification or address transmitter 93 (block "ADR") is queried by the control electronics 82, the identification of the queried measurement transmitter 23L thus provided is read by the control electronics 82 and forwarded to the digital memory 95 and therein read in.
  • a time indication is read from a timer 96 into the digital memory 95.
  • this timer 96 determines the cycle and measuring speed and can be set in the software. For each measurement, the identification of the queried sensor 23, the corresponding measured value and the corresponding time are thus stored together and digitally in the digital memory 95. This enables the evaluation device (computer 87 in FIG. 8) to precisely determine the location, time and force for each measurement. After the measurement has taken place, the control electronics 82 opens the switch 83 and thus the forwarding is interrupted, the analog measured value memory 81 is reset and the force transducer 3 which follows in the cycle and whose measured value exceeds the threshold value is queried 10 is a block diagram for another exemplary embodiment of the processing of measured values.
  • This exemplary embodiment relates to the respective processing of the sum of the measured values of the two sensors 23R and 23L of a specific crossbar 6 to the processing of this sum for all crossbars 6 in succession.
  • two sensors are indicated in FIG. 10, each of which is assigned to a specific transverse bar 6 at one end and indicated by 23R and 23L, while its connecting cables are indicated by 9R and 9L, the reference symbols R for " right "and L stands for" left ".
  • R for " right "and L stands for" left ".
  • connection cables 9R and 9L lead to an adder 97 (block “+”), which forms the analog sum of the analog measurement values of the measurement value transmitters 23R and 23L.
  • This sum is fed to the zero balancing circuit 91 (block "0").
  • the rest of the processing is the same as in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9 and is therefore not repeated for FIG. 10.
  • the identification of the queried crossbar 6, the sum of the two measured values assigned to this crossbar and the corresponding time information are stored together and digitally in the digital memory 95 for each measurement. This enables the evaluation device (computer 87 in FIG.
  • the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9 is therefore a variant of the invention, which is more preferred for carrying out an in-depth examination of the gait of the living being, while the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10 is a variant of the invention which is more suitable for carrying out an examination a fast gait of the living being is preferred.
  • This optimal compromise is made possible on the one hand by that only the loaded transducers are queried and so the measurement values of only a part of the force transducers and transducers are processed with each query cycle, for example when trotting horses mostly only for about 14 to 16 of, for example, a total of 160 force transducers, ie for about 28 up to 32 of, for example, 320 sensors.
  • the optimal compromise is made possible by the fact that the query is only initiated when a measurement value exceeds a threshold value for the first time. Until then, the system is ready for measurement and is waiting for the first actuation of a force transducer.
  • the already mentioned possibility of adapting the measuring range by adapting the measuring spring is supplemented by the possibility of electronically controlling the amplification of the amplifier 94 in the software with the purpose of changing the working range of the downstream A / D wall.
  • dlers 85 for the most accurate measurement possible.
  • the measurement results are processed and displayed in the evaluation device, for example in a computer.
  • the two transducers assigned to a force transducer or its crossbeam each deliver a signal which corresponds to the force applied vertically thereon.
  • the force applied by the living being to a crossbeam is broken down into two components, one of which acts on one end of the crossbeam. These two components are now broken down into a vertical and a horizontal part. It is the vertical portion measured by the transmitter.
  • the resulting measured values are interpreted by forming the sum of the two measured values assigned to this crossbar to determine the total force exerted vertically on a crossbar. This can be done either in hardware in measuring electronics (exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 9) or in software in a computer (exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 10). In order to determine the location of the force application on these crossbeams, the ratio of the difference between the two assigned measurement values to their sum is formed, which in principle could be done by hardware in the measurement electronics, but preferably is done by software in the computer.
  • the two measured values are equal to one another when the force is applied in the middle of the crossbar, so that the ratio mentioned is zero in this case, while one of the measured values is zero when the force application is close to the end of the crossbar over the transmitter, so that the ratio mentioned in this case and depending on the end of the crossbeam applied is equal to +1 or -1.
  • the ratio mentioned thus varies between -1 and +1 and gives a determination of the location of the force application on the crossbeam.
  • the electronic specialist is familiar with the software execution of this determination in the computer and will not do so here. described in more detail.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

On décompose la force appliquée à une section de mesure en deux composantes qui s'exercent sur les extrémités opposées de la section de mesure, puis on décompose chaque composante en une partie verticale et une partie horizontale. Les deux parties verticales obtenues sont mesurées séparément. Les valeurs de mesure sont cycliquement analysées, selon une séquence d'analyse, dans le sens du déplacement de l'organisme vivant et mémorisées, de sorte que la force, la localisation, la durée et la variation dans le temps puissent être déterminées. La surface de mesure est subdivisée en couches perpendiculaires au sens de déplacement. La section de mesure est plus étroite que le pied et plus longue que la largeur de la piste. Le transducteur de force (3) comprend une traverse rigide soutenue en ses deux côtés par un bloc détecteur (7) qui contient un transducteur de mesure (23) sur lequel la traverse exerce verticalement une force. La traverse est montée de façon à se déplacer uniquement dans le sens vertical et elle est soutenue sur un ressort de mesure (43), de préférence un ressort à lames, qui s'appuie contre le bloc détecteur (7). Le transducteur de mesure (23) mesure le mouvement vertical du ressort de mesure (43). Un élément de transmission (47) est agencé entre le ressort de mesure (43) et le transducteur de mesure (23) et agit sur le ressort de mesure (43).
EP89905602A 1988-05-19 1989-05-18 Dispositif d'analyse du mode de deplacement d'organismes vivants Ceased EP0366769A1 (fr)

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DE3817095 1988-05-19
DE3817095 1988-05-19

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US (1) US5186062A (fr)
EP (1) EP0366769A1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02504481A (fr)
AU (1) AU612488B2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1989011246A1 (fr)

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WO1989011246A1 (fr) 1989-11-30
AU3567289A (en) 1989-12-12
AU612488B2 (en) 1991-07-11
JPH02504481A (ja) 1990-12-20
US5186062A (en) 1993-02-16

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