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EP0362110B1 - Bepflanzbare Stützmauer mit Nischen, welche als verlorene Schalung benutzt werden können - Google Patents

Bepflanzbare Stützmauer mit Nischen, welche als verlorene Schalung benutzt werden können Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0362110B1
EP0362110B1 EP89480132A EP89480132A EP0362110B1 EP 0362110 B1 EP0362110 B1 EP 0362110B1 EP 89480132 A EP89480132 A EP 89480132A EP 89480132 A EP89480132 A EP 89480132A EP 0362110 B1 EP0362110 B1 EP 0362110B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
vertical
retaining wall
box
uphill
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89480132A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0362110A3 (de
EP0362110A2 (de
Inventor
Jean Louis Rossi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR8812938A external-priority patent/FR2637302B2/fr
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT89480132T priority Critical patent/ATE97181T1/de
Publication of EP0362110A2 publication Critical patent/EP0362110A2/de
Publication of EP0362110A3 publication Critical patent/EP0362110A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0362110B1 publication Critical patent/EP0362110B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
    • E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
    • E02D29/025—Retaining or protecting walls made up of similar modular elements stacked without mortar

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a building element for retaining walls intended to be lined with vegetation comprising cells which can act as lost formwork.
  • retaining walls can be used by individuals, by professionals (Bridges and Roads, Rural Engineering, Landscapers, Public Works Companies, Cultivators, etc.).
  • the construction elements described above are made of flower pots, which are mounted dry and assembled together to form a retaining wall.
  • This type of retaining wall is more or less fragile, depending on the slope of the slope or trench, the climate, etc. Plants have a decorative function to hide the wall, but they do not cooperate in any way with the building elements and the soil to improve the stability of the wall.
  • the invention tends to solve these problems. Plants have an action on the retaining wall which is anchored by the roots of the plants in the ground, the roots of the plants also intersect from one building element to another, thus improving the assembly of said elements together.
  • the invention is an improvement to the building element described in patent FR-A-2,561,684.
  • the construction element for dry mounting retaining walls, intended to be lined with vegetation consists of a bottomless tank and is characterized in that the vertical partitions are arranged so that they delimit a large downstream space which acts as a flowerpot and at least two smaller upstream spaces which act as rooting cells.
  • the building element for dry mounting retaining walls intended to be lined with vegetation, of the bottomless tank type whose vertical partitions delimit spaces, is characterized in that the front part of said tank has a trapezoidal shape to lighten the element on the front and weigh it down on the rear rectangular part.
  • the vertical partitions are arranged so that they delimit a large space downstream which acts as a flowerpot and at least two smaller spaces upstream which act as rooting cells.
  • the size of the small upstream spaces is such that when the tanks are superimposed on each other, the roots, which come out of the upper tank, can only go towards the ground and not in the lower tank, that is to say that the vertical partition of the upper tank comes to the level of the upstream wall of the lower tank, said vertical partition is parallel to the upstream wall of said tank.
  • the building element according to the invention is an element complementary to the building element described in patent FR-A-2,561,684.
  • This construction element called heavy element compared to the basic element said light, allows, while being manipulated by a single man without machine or tools, to make retaining walls over great heights (for example from 8 to 10 meters).
  • the tipping point is modified since the width and length ratios are different.
  • the heavy element or the light element, according to the invention has been studied to compensate for a thrust by another thrust, thanks to its technical characteristics.
  • the light element for example, can, with a weight of less than 25 kg, be considered a weight.
  • the heavy element has additional spaces or cells which allows additional vegetation requiring the roots to penetrate three or four lower elements.
  • a reservation allows, thanks to the cells thus formed, to act as lost formwork which allows the creation of reinforced retaining walls in case the extreme thrusts require it.
  • the heavy element according to the invention is formed on the one hand by the light element in its front part, one of the characteristics of which is its trapezoidal shape, and on the other hand by a complementary element in the rear part.
  • the light element is made up of a bottomless tank, a first vertical partition of which delimits a large downstream space and a small upstream space. This vertical partition is parallel to the partition of the tank.
  • the upstream space is itself subdivided into two small spaces by a second vertical partition perpendicular to the first.
  • This element is extended into a bottomless tank which has a notch at its lateral edges thus forming a horizontal reservation.
  • a median vertical wall in the extension of the second vertical wall forming the two small spaces separates said tank into two spaces. This second vertical wall continues beyond the notch to further divide the upstream end portion of the building element into two other small spaces or cells.
  • the assembly composed of the light element and the complementary element forms the heavy element.
  • the heavy element has a use in reinforcement of banks for rivers, lakes.
  • the upstream end part, or rear part, of the complementary element instead of being divided into two other small spaces or cells, can simply be full.
  • This embodiment reinforces the lightening of the element on the downstream or the front (trapezoidal) and makes it heavier on the rear or upstream part.
  • the building element can allow the realization of curves.
  • the side walls can form a curve.
  • the building element, allowing the realization of curves, has a height lower than the value of the notches located in the lower part.
  • the retaining wall intended to be lined with vegetation, is made up of dry-mounted construction elements, by interlocking into each other, and by superposition on each other.
  • Each light element is of the type consisting of a bottomless tank and has two vertical walls, lateral, external, and vertical partitions.
  • a first vertical partition parallel to the upstream wall of the tank, delimits a large space downstream, which acts as a flowerpot and, at least one space upstream, which acts as rooting cells for the upper tray set back, offset upstream on the lower tray, the latter space being divided into at least two smaller spaces by a second vertical partition, perpendicular to the upstream wall and to the first partition.
  • the size of the upstream spaces is such that when the tanks are superimposed on each other, the roots which come out of the upper tank, can only go towards the ground and not in the lower tank, that is to say that the vertical partition of the upper tank comes to the level of the upstream wall of the lower tank.
  • the construction element is composed of a light element and comprises a complementary element which forms the upstream part of said construction element and which forms, beyond a notch disposed on each edge of the tank, two small spaces or cells which allow additional vegetation.
  • the complementary element which forms the upstream part of said construction element, is extended by a notch on each edge of the tank forming a horizontal reservation.
  • a median vertical wall in the extension of the second vertical wall delimits two cells or spaces which can act as lost formwork. Beyond the notch, a vertical wall, extending the vertical walls, forms two small spaces or cells.
  • the special cells act as lost formwork for armed or unarmed pillars.
  • the horizontal reservation formed by the notch allows the installation of a reinforced or unreinforced beam.
  • the longitudinal walls form two parallel curves.
  • the building element consists of two adjacent tanks called light elements, made in a single block.
  • the two vertical lateral external walls of said element are concave.
  • the building element can be associated with a special part to produce a curve, said part having its convex external lateral vertical walls.
  • a building element may consist of a heavy element and an adjacent light element produced in a single block, the outer vertical wall of the light element is concave.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a heavy element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view along the axis A-A shown in FIG. 1.
  • Figure 3 is a side view, highlighting the association of two heavy elements.
  • Figure 4 is a view showing a set of light elements placed on heavy elements.
  • Figure 5 is a view showing a set of heavy elements assembled on top of each other, where the special cells are used as lost formwork for the establishment of a horizontal beam or a pillar reinforced or not.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of several heavy elements assembled together for, for example, a bank reinforcement. This Figure 6 highlights another embodiment where we find all the technical characteristics, except the general parallelepiped shape, but where the longitudinal walls form two parallel curves and where the upstream part of the complementary element is full.
  • Figure 7 is a plan view of an unclaimed heavy element, without cuts between the light element and the complementary element.
  • FIG. 8 is a sectional view of the construction element shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the heavy element shown in FIG. 7.
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a retaining wall constructed with the elements shown in FIG. 7.
  • Figure 11 is a view showing a retaining wall where the elements were tilted backwards either due to upstream thrusts and loads, or due to the natural slope of the terrain.
  • Figure 12 is a plan view of a retaining wall, where the elements form an angle around each other; for this purpose, there is no longer any interconnection of the elements with each other from the bottom, but from the top where there is a hooking means such as an upper notch in the truncated front part.
  • FIG. 13 is a side view of the unclaimed building element used for the retaining wall shown in FIG. 12.
  • FIG. 17 is a view of the association of the building element (heavy or light), the external lateral vertical walls of which are concave with the special part, the external lateral vertical walls of which are convex. This association can form a gardener.
  • Figure 18 is a flowered fence wall with alternate flower pots on two sides.
  • Figure 19 is a view of the combination of elements as shown in Figure 17, but where the angle is open.
  • Figure 20 is a view of the combination of elements as shown in Figure 17, but where the angle is firm.
  • Figure 21 shows a vertical vegetable fence forming a vertical sound trap.
  • the heavy element 1 is an element in general of precast vibrated concrete.
  • a vertical partition 4 separates said tank into two parts, a large space 5 and a small space or cell 6 itself separated into two small spaces 7 and 8 by another vertical partition 9 perpendicular to the first vertical partition 4.
  • the upstream part is extended by a notch 10 on each upper edge of the tank and acts as a horizontal reservation for a reinforced or unarmed beam 23, while the interior of said tank has two cells 11, 12, separated by a vertical wall 13, and two other cells 14, 15, separated by a vertical wall 16, which extends the vertical wall 13. These two cells 11, 12 serve as lost formwork for armed pillars or no 24.
  • a series of heavy blocks 21 form the base of the retaining wall while lighter blocks or elements 22 are fitted onto the heavy elements 21 at the crest of the wall, in order to lighten the assembly and thus contribute to better stability.
  • These reinforcements, or pillars or beams, armed or not 23, 24 can be used for cases where the extreme thrusts require it.
  • These beams 23 or pillars 24 are placed in the special cells 11, 12 which act as lost formwork.
  • the beam 23 uses the reservation formed by the notch 10.
  • FIG 6 there is shown a perspective view of several elements 25, which allow for curves.
  • the longitudinal walls 26, 27 form two parallel curves.
  • the rear part 28 can be full.
  • the curved element 25, allowing the curves to be produced, will have a height less than the value of the notches located in the lower part.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 there is shown a heavy element 30 not claimed.
  • This heavy element is composed of a so-called light element 31 and a complementary element 32.
  • the essential difference with the heavy element, represented in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, lies in the fact that this element does not include the '' notch 10.
  • This element does indeed include a hooking means such as the notches before 17 and notch 18.
  • the advantage of this embodiment is that the empty heavy element can weigh about twenty kilos, full it can weigh fifty kilos.
  • This element allows for retaining walls of at least ten meters.
  • This assembly can also be carried out if one wishes to follow the natural slope of the terrain.
  • Figures 12 and 13 show another embodiment in which the heavy element 33 no longer has a front notch 17, or central notch 18.
  • the only attachment means is a notch 34, upper notch in the part front truncated. This realization of a heavy element has not been claimed either.
  • This modification of the attachment means makes it possible to arrange the heavy elements without them being adjacent to one another, it is therefore possible to give a certain angle between the different elements and this, as shown in FIG. 12. This arrangement allows to give certain curves to the retaining wall.
  • FIGs 14, 15, and 16 there is shown a light element 35.
  • This light element like the previous heavy element, has a modification in terms of its attachment means.
  • the attachment means is an upper notch 36 in the front part, this notch 36 makes it possible to mount the retaining wall with elements which are not necessarily adjacent to one another; as shown in the above figure 15, it allows a gap to be left between the different elements 35.
  • Figures 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 show construction elements 29 not claimed per se and consisting of two adjacent tanks 37, 38, called light elements, produced in a single block, the vertical side walls 39 and 40 are concaves so as to be able to assemble these different elements together. It is necessary, as shown in Figure 21, to pour concrete 45, possibly with irons 41, insofar as one wants to mount a wall, a fairly high fence (see in particular Figure 18).
  • FIG. 17 represents a planter in which two elements 29 have been assembled by means of a special piece 42 having its lateral vertical walls 43 and 44 convex exterior.
  • FIG. 21 represents a vegetable fence, the hollow cavities and the cavities filled with concrete, as well as the vegetable cavities, together form a vertical sound trap.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Retaining Walls (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Bepflanzbare Stützmauer, bestehend aus Bauelementen (1, 19, 20, 21), die durch Ineinandersetzen und Übereinandersetzen der Elemente trocken zusammengebaut wird, wobei jedes Leichtelement von einem Behälter ohne Boden gebildet wird, der zwei senkrechte, äußere Seitenwände (26, 27; 39, 40) und senkrechte Zwischenwände aufweist, wobei eine erste, parallel zur Vorderwand des Behälters verlaufende, senkrechte Zwischenwand (4) einen großen, talwärtigen Zwischenraum (5) begrenzt, der als Blumentopf benutzt werden kann, und mindestens einen hangwärtigen Zwischenraum (6), der als Wurzelnische für den darüberliegenden, zurückgesetzt angeordneten Behälter dient, der auf dem unteren Behälter hangwärts verschoben ist, wobei dieser letzte Zwischenraum (6) durch eine zweite senkrechte Zwischenwand (9), die senkrecht zur Vorderwand und zur ersten Zwischenwand verläuft, in wenigstens zwei kleinere Zwischenräume (7, 8) unterteilt ist; wobei die Größe der hangwärtigen Zwischenräume (7, 8) dergestalt ist, daß bei übereinandergesetzten Behältern die aus dem oberen Behälter austretenden Wurzeln sich nur zum Boden und nicht in den unteren Behälter erstrecken können, d. h. daß die senkrechte Zwischenwand des oberen Behälters sich im Bereich der hangwärtigen Wand des unteren Behälters befindet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Bauelement aus einem Leichtelement (31) besteht und daß es ein Ergänzungselement (32) aufweist, das den hangwärtigen Teil des genannten Bauelements bildet und das jenseits einer auf jedem Rand des Behälters angeordneten Kerbe (10) zwei kleine Zwischenräume oder Nischen (14, 15) bildet, die eine zusätzliche Bepflanzung gestatten; wobei das Leichtelement und das Ergänzungselement ein schweres Element (1, 19, 20, 21) bilden.
  2. Stützmauer nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Ergänzungselement, das den hangwärtigen Teil des genannten Bauelements bildet, sich mit einer Kerbe (10) auf jedem Rand des Behälters fortsetzt, die eine horizontale Aussparung bildet; daß eine senkrechte Mittelwand (13) in Verlängerung der zweiten senkrechten Wand (9) zwei spezielle Nischen oder Zwischenräume (11, 12) umgrenzt, die als verlorene Schalung dienen können; wobei jenseits der Kerbe (10) eine senkrechte Wand (16) in Verlängerung der senkrechten Wände (9 und 13) die beiden kleinen Zwischenräume oder Nischen (14, 15) bildet.
  3. Stützmauer nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in Höhe der unteren Kanten im mittleren Bereich des bodenlosen Blocks eine vordere Kerbe (17) und eine weitere, breite Kerbe (18) vorhanden ist.
  4. Stützmauer nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die speziellen Nischen (11, 12) als verlorene Schalung für bewehrte oder nicht bewehrte Pfosten (24) dienen können.
  5. Stützmauer nach Anspruch 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von der Kerbe (10) gebildete horizontale Aussparung es ermöglicht, einen bewehrten oder nicht bewehrten Träger (23) einzubauen.
  6. Stützmauer zur Bildung von Kurven nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Längswände (26, 27) zwei parallele Kurven bilden.
  7. Stützmauer nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die beiden senkrechten, äußeren Seitenwände (39, 40) des genannten Elements konkav sind.
  8. Stützmauer nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das genannte Bauelement mit einem Spezialteil (42) verbunden werden kann, um eine Kurve zu bilden, wobei die senkrechten, äußeren Wände (43, 44) des genannten Teils (42) konvex sind.
  9. Stützmauer nach Anspruch 1,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Bauelement aus einem schweren Element und einem angrenzenden Leichtelement, die in einem einzigen Block hergestellt werden, gebildet werden kann, wobei die äußere, senkrechte Wand des Leichtelements konkav ist.
EP89480132A 1988-09-30 1989-09-12 Bepflanzbare Stützmauer mit Nischen, welche als verlorene Schalung benutzt werden können Expired - Lifetime EP0362110B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT89480132T ATE97181T1 (de) 1988-09-30 1989-09-12 Bepflanzbare stuetzmauer mit nischen, welche als verlorene schalung benutzt werden koennen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8812938A FR2637302B2 (fr) 1984-03-23 1988-09-30 Element de construction pour murs de soutenement destine a etre garni de vegetation comportant des alveoles pouvant faire office de coffrage perdu
FR8812938 1988-09-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0362110A2 EP0362110A2 (de) 1990-04-04
EP0362110A3 EP0362110A3 (de) 1991-03-27
EP0362110B1 true EP0362110B1 (de) 1993-11-10

Family

ID=9370646

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89480132A Expired - Lifetime EP0362110B1 (de) 1988-09-30 1989-09-12 Bepflanzbare Stützmauer mit Nischen, welche als verlorene Schalung benutzt werden können

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4964761A (de)
EP (1) EP0362110B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE97181T1 (de)
DE (1) DE68910631T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2047702T3 (de)

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US5589124A (en) 1989-09-28 1996-12-31 Block Systems, Inc. Method of forming composite masonry blocks
US5704183A (en) 1992-10-06 1998-01-06 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Composite masonry block
US5709062A (en) 1992-10-06 1998-01-20 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Composite masonry block
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US6029943A (en) 1996-11-08 2000-02-29 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Splitting technique
USD433158S (en) 1999-08-31 2000-10-31 Westblock Systems, Inc. Retaining wall block
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USD458693S1 (en) 1996-11-08 2002-06-11 Anchor Wall Systems, Inc. Retaining wall block
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Also Published As

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ES2047702T3 (es) 1994-03-01
EP0362110A3 (de) 1991-03-27
US4964761A (en) 1990-10-23
ATE97181T1 (de) 1993-11-15
EP0362110A2 (de) 1990-04-04
DE68910631T2 (de) 1994-05-19
DE68910631D1 (de) 1993-12-16

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