EP0238476A2 - Nubuk or velvety leather support, and process for its preparation - Google Patents

Abstract

A nubuck or suede-like or textile-like substrate consists of a textile carrier body (1) which is at least partially impregnated with a preferably cross-linked, polymeric plastic material, which consists of a foam (3), the open cells formed by introducing air and optionally has closed cells formed by hollow microspheres. The textile carrier body (1) consists of a nonwoven or a knitted fabric, preferably a carded nonwoven made of synthetic fibers, which is needled together with a knitted fabric or with a nonwoven reinforced by thermal embossing, such that the fibers (2) protrude through the knitted fabric. The knitted fabric can consist of a roughened jersey, i.e. a jersey with open loops. The carrier body (1) is ground at least on one impregnated surface (5) and is therefore rough and can be provided with a coating (FIG. 2).

Description

The invention relates to a nubuck or suede-like or textile-velor-like substrate, with a textile carrier body with a surface that is rough at least on one side, which is at least partially impregnated with a polymeric plastic material that is foamed by the introduction of air. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a substrate.

Non-impregnated nonwovens have excellent puncture and tear resistance properties. However, their main disadvantage is that their surface is unstable and changes very much, especially when stretched. Another disadvantage of these nonwovens lies in the fact that they have a considerably changing thickness. If such nonwovens are used as a carrier material for a plastic coating, it is necessary to provide correspondingly thick, heavy and therefore expensive plastic coatings in order to compensate for the fluctuations in thickness and to eliminate the unrest on the surface of the nonwoven. Although it has already been proposed to use foamed PVC or foamed PUR as the coating material, which reduces the weight, such foamed coatings have poor abrasion properties and tend to split.

It is also known to produce the coating from an aqueous plastic dispersion which contains hollow microspheres or compact particles from which hollow microspheres are formed by the application of heat when the plastic dispersion solidifies. These hollow microspheres form closed cells, so that this coating contains a closed-cell foam structure. Even with such a coating, the disadvantages mentioned can only be partially eliminated, since this coating must also have an appropriate thickness. The closed-cell foam structure is also not permeable to water vapor.

It is also known to form a fleece by introducing a plastic material into a substrate. It has already been proposed to introduce a polymer solution formed from water-miscible solvents and polyurethane into a fleece and to allow it to coagulate, the liquid polymer solution coagulating and solidifying in the process. The solvent is then washed out with water, which forms open-cell pores. Such an approach is cumbersome. Out In addition, the solvents used are toxic and environmentally harmful. Another disadvantage is that only thermoplastic materials can be used in this procedure, but they cause problems during grinding because they tend to smear.

According to another known proposal, a carrier material formed from a nonwoven made of textile fibers is impregnated with a polymer plastic material which is arranged in the carrier material in different distributions, the substrate thus formed being compressed after the plastic material has solidified. The substrate becomes hard and stiff, so it has no leather-like properties and therefore cannot be used as a substitute for leather. In addition, the tear strength and puncture resistance of the substrate, based on its strength and weight, is very poor.

A process for the production of porous textile fabrics with leather-like grain has also been proposed, according to which a base fabric made of shrinkable fibers is impregnated on one or both sides with a flowable, heat-reactive polymer, which has been made foam-like, for example, by incorporating air, whereupon the impregnated fabric is dried by the application of heat and is allowed to shrink by treatment with water or steam (DE-A-21 64 852). This creates an absorbent fabric with a leather-like grain that can be used as a dishwashing cloth, scrubbing cloth, wiping cloth or the like. Can be used. The prerequisite for this is the use of a fabric made of natural fibers that shrink during washing, which results in a leather-like grain, but no velor effect. If this known flat structure is stretched or stretched, an uneven, uneven visible surface also arises due to the use of the fabric. The use of the fabric also makes it difficult to produce exact cut edges, since the fabric tends to fray.

It is also known to impregnate a carrier body formed from a woven, knitted or non-woven fabric with a plastic material with elastomeric or elastomer-like properties, in which plastic material hollow microbeads are embedded, the surfaces of the substrate thus produced or the like being ground by grinding. are processed and therefore have partially opened hollow microspheres (DE-C2-31 17 721). This creates a velor effect on the surface and the embedded hollow microspheres have a low density and a flat surface. However, the substrate thus formed is not or hardly permeable to water vapor and also relatively stiff. The tear strength, puncture resistance and moisture absorption are also unsatisfactory and the application of a coating is not possible.

In general, it is difficult to correctly determine the amount of plastic to be introduced into a fleece, which is then sanded to obtain a nubuck or velor effect, which essentially depends on the solids content of a solution or dispersion. A high solids content of the solution or dispersion leads to a hard, stiff, less porous and therefore hardly absorbent product with poor tear propagation resistance and puncture resistance, whereas a low solids content causes the plastic to accumulate mainly at the crossing points of the fibers, which has the consequence that that the tear propagation resistance and puncture resistance are also poor and the material becomes out of round when it is bent and is difficult to grind. The low abrasion resistance of the material and the high energy expenditure for evaporating the water or the solvent are also disadvantageous.

In the present case, the term “impregnation” is understood not only to mean immersing the textile material in a bath, but also any other way of applying a liquid to the textile material.

The invention has for its object to provide a nubuck or suede-like or textile velor-like substrate in which the disadvantages mentioned are avoided. In particular, the substrate according to the invention should have a flat, calm, fine-fibrous surface which does not become bulky even when the substrate is stretched so that it does not become restless, so that this substrate can be provided with a thin coating which is directly connected to the substrate, however can also be used without such a coating. The substrate according to the invention should furthermore have good tear propagation resistance and puncture resistance, good moisture absorption and good water vapor and air permeability, which, for example when used in shoes, improve the hygienic properties. Furthermore, the substrate according to the invention should have good abrasion properties, a low weight, approximately the same elongation properties in the longitudinal and transverse directions and constant flexural rigidity in a wide temperature range and should not be thermoplastic or not at all. In addition, the substrate according to the invention should be able to be deformed well and permanently, which is the case when using the substrate is important in shoe manufacture as well as upholstery cover material and for the interior lining of vehicles.

This object is achieved with the features of the characterizing part of patent claim 1. The foam with which the textile carrier body is at least partially impregnated and which has open cells fills the cavities between the fibers almost completely and evenly. This avoids an accumulation of plastic material at the crossing points, so that the substrate according to the invention has a low flexural strength and has excellent tear propagation resistance properties and puncture tear resistance properties. The fact that the foam has fine-pored cells results in a nubuck or suede leather effect or a textile velor-like effect that feels pleasant after the sanding process on the top in conjunction with the sanded fibers, the substrate is also water vapor and air permeable and has a very favorable price Preconditions for inseparable connection with a thin coating, because the liquid coating material can anchor itself in the fine, rough surface without, however, sinking into it.

The substrate according to the invention is suitable, for example, as a leather substitute, but is also particularly suitable as a material for the interior of vehicles, in particular motor vehicles, since it is stretchable and can be deformed well.

A particularly high permeability to air and water vapor results when the foamed polymeric plastic material has open cells formed solely by introducing air. This is useful, for example, if the substrate or the like in the manufacture of shoes, protectors or the like, but also for the interior of vehicles, rooms or the like. and is used as a covering material for upholstery.

For other areas of application, it can be advantageous if, according to the invention, the polymeric plastic material has, in addition to the open cells formed by introducing air, hollow cells formed by hollow microspheres. It is advantageous here if at least some of the hollow microspheres located on the impregnated surface of the carrier body are open, since this improves the velor effect.

Good results are achieved if the textile carrier body is at least partially made of plastic fibers, for example polyester fibers or Polyamide fibers. This is particularly advantageous if the substrate according to the invention is heated and deformed by means of high frequency.

A particularly attractive surface is also obtained when the fibers are thinner than 3.5 dtex, preferably thinner than 2 dtex.

According to the invention, the carrier body can consist of several interconnected webs. For example, the textile carrier body can be formed from a natural fiber fleece and a synthetic fiber fleece, preferably of approximately the same weight, needled together with the natural fiber fleece. The natural fibers ensure good water absorption due to their wicking effect, the synthetic fibers ensure a high resistance to tearing and tear propagation.

However, the carrier body can also consist of at least one fleece and a knitted fabric knitted together with it or a thin fleece consolidated by embossing, the fibers of the first-mentioned fleece partially protruding through the knitted fabric or the thin consolidated fleece and at least the first-mentioned fleece on it Surface is soaked and sanded.

According to another embodiment of the invention, the carrier body consists of two nonwovens, between which a knitted fabric or a thin nonwoven fabric, which is consolidated by embossing, is arranged, the knitted fabric or the thin, consolidated nonwoven fabric being connected to the outer nonwovens by needling. The knitted fabric expediently consists of a roughened jersey, that is to say of a jersey in which the loops are cut open on the surface.

In another embodiment of the invention, the carrier body consists of a fleece and a needled plastic film made of polypropylene, polyethylene or soft PVC, the fibers of the fleece projecting through the plastic film and the fleece being soaked and sanded on its surface. In any case, there are good properties in terms of water vapor permeability and moisture absorption as well as in terms of strength.

According to a further feature of the invention, the textile carrier body, preferably with a proportion between 5 and 35%, can contain high-strength fibers, in particular based on polyamide. Such high-strength fibers are sold in the German Federal Republic under the trademarks KEVLAR and NOMEX. Particularly when the textile carrier body is only partially impregnated, there is the possibility of using such high-strength fibers, whereby the tensile strength of the substrate is essential is increased. In the case of such a substrate, a thin, light fleece with a basis weight of approximately 150 g / m 2 can be used as the carrier body, so that this substrate is particularly suitable, for example, for shoe upper material. Until now, it was necessary to provide such a thin, open-structure fleece with a thick and thus heavy coating. The arrangement of the foam in the fleece and the sanding of the surface creates a tearable suede-like or textile velor-like substrate even when using thin fleece made of high-strength fibers, which retains its smooth surface even when stretched and is also ideal for applying thin coatings.

A beautiful, even velor effect is obtained when the majority of the cells in the polymer plastic material are smaller than 125µ.

The polymeric plastic material is preferably, at least partially, crosslinked, with a crosslinking agent being added which does not start heating crosslinking.

A polymer dispersion based on butadiene, polyurethane, polyacrylate, polystyrene, polyisobutylene and / or polychloroprene, or containing these polymers, is particularly suitable as the polymer plastic material. This makes it easy to produce open-celled foam.

In order to further improve the moisture absorption and moisture permeability of the substrate, the polymeric plastic material according to the invention can contain powdery hygroscopic additives, for example leather powder or cellulose powder, which absorb and transmit the moisture.

According to a further feature of the invention, the textile carrier body, starting from its two opposite surfaces, can each be impregnated with a different polymeric plastic material in a region of the total thickness. This has the advantage that the polymeric plastic material can be adapted to the respective requirements. A suitable effect can be achieved by a suitable choice of the plastic material used in the area of the visible, ground surface, the choice of the plastic material arranged in the area of the back of the substrate can influence the properties of the substrate and the connection of the substrate to a carrier body, for example by means of suitable adhesives be improved.

For low bending stiffness and good tear propagation resistance and puncture resistance, it is essential if there is no plastic enrichment at the crossing points of the fibers in order to avoid a strong bond between the carrier body and the plastic material. This is the case when using the foam material according to the invention. A reduction in this bond and thereby an improved extensibility of the substrate in all directions can, however, still be achieved in that, according to the invention, the textile carrier body is provided with a non-stick finish made of a layer at least partially enveloping the fibers forming the carrier body. This layer can consist, for example, of silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, polyolefin or similar materials, or of mixtures thereof, that is to say of substances which are above all water-repellent and therefore prevent the dispersion from adhering to the fibers.

However, the layer can also consist of a substance that is soluble in a liquid, in particular water or alcohol, for example gelatin, starch, soaps, fatty alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol, water glass, or mixtures thereof. This layer initially surrounds the fibers and prevents the plastic material from adhering to them, in particular also at the crossing points, but can be at least partially removed again during or after the plastic material has solidified by the liquid (water, alcohol or the like), so that then the fibers in the plastic foam are, as it were, freely movable, thereby not only improving the softness and flexibility of the substrate produced in this way, but also forming capillary cavities in this substrate, which increase the moisture permeability in the desired manner. However, there is also the possibility that the aqueous plastic dispersion itself will absorb this layer.

The substrate according to the invention expediently has a density of less than 0.45.

It is advantageous if the substrate is provided with a print and a preferably transparent finish on at least one surface, as a result of which a desired, for example leather or textile, appearance is achieved.

As already mentioned, the substrate according to the invention can be used without a coating, for example as an absorbent, breathable shoe lining material or insole material or as velor material for vehicles. However, it is advantageous if it is at least on ner a surface is provided with a thin coating, preferably made of polyurethane or PVC, the fibers protruding from the surface are embedded in the coating. The fine roughness of this ground surface is an ideal prerequisite even for very thin coatings, because the liquid coating material can anchor itself in the rough surface and the fiber ends protruding from this rough surface anchor in the coating material. In this case, the coating can have a thickness of less than 0.35 mm.

The coating can be applied to the impregnated and ground surface of the carrier body. However, it is also possible according to the invention to provide the non-impregnated surface of the carrier body 1 with a coating. Both in the case where both surfaces of the carrier body are impregnated and ground, but only one of them is provided with a coating, and in the case where only one surface is impregnated and ground and the other surface is coated maintain the velor effect on one surface, whereas the other surface can be given a leather-like appearance, for example by embossing the coating.

In the production of a nubuck or suede-like or textile-velor-like substrate, wherein a textile carrier body with a rough surface on at least one side is impregnated with a foam-like polymeric plastic material on at least one side and the impregnated carrier body is then dried, the procedure according to the invention is such that the foam-like polymeric Plastic material, which consists of an aqueous plastic dispersion, is introduced into the carrier body consisting of a nonwoven or knitted fabric by the action of excess pressure and / or negative pressure, that the impregnated carrier body is dried by dehydration, and that the impregnated surface of the carrier body is then ground. The action of the blow foam by overpressure takes place, for example, by exposure to compressed air or compressed gas and / or by mechanical pressing of the blow foam into the carrier body. The introduction of the whipped foam by the action of overpressure and / or underpressure ensures that the foam structure is not destroyed during this introduction into the carrier body, but rather is maintained to the desired extent in the region of the carrier body to be impregnated. In the subsequent drying by the application of heat, preferably one Temperature above 100 ° C, due to the expansion of the air in the whipped foam, a large number of the cell walls in the drying whipped foam burst, which results in the desired air and water vapor permeability to a large extent. The use of whipped foam also has the advantage that the volume of the whipped foam is roughly doubled compared to the volume of the undefeated dispersion without the water: solid ratio changing, so that a smaller amount of water is used to impregnate the desired area of the textile carrier body is necessary, so a smaller amount of water must be removed again when drying. This saves on material and energy.

If the impregnation should also partially contain closed cells, the hollow aqueous plastic dispersion made into foam by introducing air can be admixed with hollow microspheres made of a thermoplastic plastic material, preferably made of polyvinyl chloride, or compact particles containing a blowing agent made of a thermoplastic plastic material, preferably made of polyvinyl chloride, from which compact particles hollow microspheres are formed in situ by the application of heat. If the hollow microspheres are formed from the compact particles during the drying of the impregnated carrier body, the whipped foam is also expanded, which likewise causes the cell walls to burst. The hollow microspheres that form during drying also lead to a spontaneous increase in the viscosity of the still liquid whipped foam and thus not only prevent the drying whipped foam from contracting at the points of intersection of the fibers and a reduction in volume of the whipped foam due to the loss of liquid during drying, but rather the whipped foam experiences through the forming hollow microspheres an increase in volume.

It is advantageous if the aqueous plastic dispersion is exposed to heat-sensitive measures, for example by means of a substance such as polyvinyl methyl ether, or is adjusted to a pH that deviates from the pH of the textile carrier body or the fibers forming this textile carrier body, that is to say acidic or alkaline is opposed to the textile carrier body. In any case, this causes the plastic dispersion to coagulate, thereby accelerating the solidification thereof and causing additional foam formation.

In order to obtain a soft substrate with low bending strength and good deformability, a strong bond should, as already mentioned between the plastic foam and the textile carrier material, in particular at the crossing points of the fibers, can be prevented. For this purpose, it is advantageous if the textile carrier body or the fibers forming this textile carrier body are coated with a coating of water-deviating material, for example silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, polyolefin or similar materials or mixtures, before introducing the aqueous plastic dispersion therein from this, is or will be provided. This water-repellent material repels the aqueous plastic dispersion so that there is no bond between the plastic foam and the textile carrier material.

Another particularly advantageous way of preventing such a binding is to coat the textile carrier body or the fibers forming this textile carrier body with a coating of a liquid, e.g. Water or alcohol to provide soluble substance and after solidification of the whipped foam to remove this substance at least partially by the action of the liquid mentioned. If, for example, the textile carrier body is impregnated with a solution, emulsion or dispersion of gelatin, starch, soaps, fatty alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol, water glass or similar materials, or mixtures thereof, the solid in this solution, emulsion or dispersion is deposited on the fibers , preferably at the crossing points of the fibers, and at least partially covers the fibers with a film. If this film is at least partially washed out again after the solidification of the whipped foam by exposure to water or alcohol, gaps are created between the fibers and the solidified whipped foam, so the fibers can move freely in the solidified whipped foam in the desired manner. In addition, the cavities thus created improve the water vapor and air permeability of the substrate.

It also serves to reduce the bending strength of the substrate if the impregnated support body undergoes a chemical treatment, for example by means of hot water, or, preferably with simultaneous application of heat, a mechanical treatment, for example by stretching, stretching and / or tamping, after it has dried is, which also loosens the bond between the fibers of the textile carrier body and the solidified plastic foam, in particular at the intersection of the fibers.

If the textile backing material is to be impregnated with the plastic material in its entire thickness or at least in its two edge regions, it is expedient to proceed such that an aqueous plastic dispersion is first introduced from one surface of the textile backing body up to approximately the center thereof and allowed to dry and then from the opposite surface, an aqueous plastic dispersion which may differ from the first-mentioned plastic dispersion is introduced and allowed to dry. The plastic foam is thus introduced into the textile backing material in two steps, which simplifies production. In addition, different plastic dispersions can be used and can thus be adapted to the respective requirements.

If hollow microspheres are formed in situ during the drying of the plastic foam, as already mentioned, during the drying process there is an increase in volume and thus an increase in the thickness of the impregnated textile carrier body. This increase in thickness is now expediently removed by the grinding treatment, which not only ensures the desired thickness of the substrate in any case, regardless of the amount of foam applied, but also gives a completely constant thickness of the substrate, even if the substrate material is in front of the Watering was of different thickness.

The impregnated support body can be embossed at least on one surface under the action of pressure and heat. Furthermore, the impregnated support body can be printed, preferably with a printing ink which contains methyl polymethacrylate or polyurethane as a binder. If the substrate according to the invention is to be connected to PVC film applications, as is advantageous, for example, when using the substrate for the interior of vehicles, then in such a case the printing ink also acts as an HF welding agent for welding on these PVC film applications. Furthermore, the impregnated carrier body can be provided with a transparent finish, preferably after printing, and / or can be subjected to a coloring treatment after grinding. In this case, since the substrate according to the invention is moisture-absorbent, the substrate is properly colored.

A coating-forming polyurethane material or PVC material can be applied to the impregnated surface of the carrier body in such a way that the fibers protruding from the surface enter the Coating are embedded.

Particularly suitable as a textile carrier material are binder-free carded or random fiber nonwovens made of synthetic fibers, which nonwovens can also be reinforced by a knitted fabric or a thin nonwoven reinforced by thermal embossing. Strongly roughened knitted fabrics with a basis weight of more than 160 g / m² are also suitable.

Example 1:

To produce a substrate according to the invention, a foamed whipped or foamed aqueous plastic dispersion with a liter weight between 300 and 700 g, preferably 500 g, is coated into a fine-fiber needle or random fiber fleece with a basis weight of more than 180 g / m 2 by coating by means of overpressure and / or negative pressure introduced. The dispersion in the fleece is then solidified or dried by water evaporation. This consolidation or drying takes place, for example, in that the impregnated surface of the nonwoven is brought into direct contact with a hot support, for example a hot roller or plate, so that the heat is emitted directly to the wet dispersion layer. After drying, the impregnated surface of the fleece is sanded with emery paper, the open surface of the fleece present before the impregnation of the fleece and the strong fluctuations in thickness of the fleece being eliminated. The surface of the fleece now has a nubuck or suede-like appearance with fine, sanded fibers and can be provided with a thin coating.

Example 2:

100 parts of a 50% polymer dispersion based on butadiene, which contains a crosslinking agent which becomes effective when heat is added, are admixed with 2 parts of thickener, 5 parts of pigment and 5 parts of a thermoplastic compact particle containing a blowing agent. The mixture is then mixed and air is stirred in until the volume has approximately doubled and a whipped foam has formed. This blow foam is introduced into a needle felt with a basis weight of approx. 300 g and a thickness of approx. 2 mm, consisting of 50 parts of cotton fibers and 50 parts of polyester fibers (1.7 dtex) by means of overpressure, in such a way that the blow foam approximately 0.6 mm penetrates the fleece.

The fleece thus impregnated is then at a temperature of approx. 135 ° C dried. The thermoplastic hollow microspheres are formed from the compact particles in the whipped foam. Drying is complete after approx. 3 minutes. The fleece in which the hollow microspheres have formed is now approximately 2.2 mm thick.

The fleece is then sanded on the treated side with a 220 grit emery paper, until the fleece has returned to its original thickness of 2 mm. The open surface of the fleece present before the impregnation of the fleece with the whipped foam and the large fluctuations in thickness of the fleece are eliminated after grinding. The surface of the fleece shows a nubuck or suede-like surface with fine, sanded fibers. This surface is so flat that a thin PUR coating with a thickness of 0.18 mm applied in a known manner, even when stretching, shows no fleece structure.

• Fig.1 ein erfindungsgemäßes Substrat ohne Beschichtung;
• Fig.2 ein erfindungsgemäßes Substrat mit Beschichtung;
• Fig.3 das Detail III in Fig.2 in größerem Maßstab;
• Fig.4 eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Substrates mit Beschichtung;
• Fig.5 eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Substrates mit Beschichtung.

Exemplary embodiments of the substrate according to the invention are shown in the drawing. Show it:

• 1 shows a substrate according to the invention without a coating;
• 2 shows a substrate according to the invention with a coating;
• 3 shows the detail III in Figure 2 on a larger scale;
• 4 shows a further embodiment of the substrate according to the invention with a coating;
• 5 shows a further embodiment of the substrate according to the invention with a coating.

The substrate according to the invention shown in FIG. 1 has a carrier body 1, which is formed from a fleece and consists of fibers 2. An impregnation consisting of a foam 3 is provided in the area 6 of the substrate adjacent to the surface 5. The impregnation can only have open cells, which are formed by stirring in air, but hollow cells forming closed cells can also be embedded in the open-cell foam, as shown at 4. The impregnated surface 5 is ground and the fibers 2 protrude from this surface 5 or protrude from this surface, so that this surface has a nubuck or suede-like or textile velor-like appearance.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 2 and 3 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 in that a thin coating 7 with a grain leather-like appearance is inseparably connected to the surface 5, with the fine fibers projecting from the surface 5 into it Coating protrude and are therefore anchored in this coating 7, or also protrude from this coating or protrude from this coating. However, the coating 7 can also be applied to the non-impregnated surface of the carrier body 1, the fibers 2 of the fleece 1 also being anchored in the coating. In this case, this surface provided with the coating preferably has a grain leather-like appearance, whereas the other, impregnated and polished surface 5 is velor-like.

The embodiment according to FIG. 4 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 3 in that with the fleece 1 a knitted fabric or a thin fleece 8 consolidated by thermal embossing with a thickness of less than 0.8 mm and a weight per unit area of less than 135 g / mm² is needled together in such a way that the fibers 2 of the nonwoven 1 penetrate the knitted or consolidated nonwoven 8 and thus protrude from the top of this knitted or consolidated nonwoven 8. In this embodiment too, the coating 7 can be arranged both on the impregnated surface 5 of the fleece 1 and on the knitted fabric or solidified fleece 8, the protruding fibers 2 also being anchored in the coating in the latter case.

The embodiment according to FIG. 5 differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 4 in that the carrier body consists of two nonwovens 1ʹ, 1 ein, between which a knitted fabric or a thin, embossed nonwoven 8 is arranged, which with the two nonwovens 1ʹ , 1ʺ is needled together.

Although only the region 6 adjacent to the surface 5 is always impregnated in the exemplary embodiments shown, it is nevertheless also possible to impregnate or soak the regions adjacent to the two surfaces of the carrier body, or also the entire carrier body. Furthermore, as already mentioned, it is possible to form the impregnation only from an open-cell foam, in which case no hollow microspheres 4 are provided.

The fleece 1 or 1ʹ or 1ʺ is preferably a carded nonwoven made of synthetic fibers. The knitted fabric 8 can consist, for example, of a roughened jersey, that is to say a jersey whose loops are open.

Claims (47)

1. Nubuck or suede-like or textile-velor-like substrate, with a textile carrier body (1) with at least one rough surface (5), which is at least partially impregnated with a foamed polymeric plastic material by introducing air, characterized in that the carrier body ( 1) at least partially consists of a fleece or knitted fabric and is ground at least on one soaked surface, such that the fibers (2) of the fleece or knitted fabric protrude at least partially from this surface. 2. Substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymeric plastic material has in addition to the open cells formed by the introduction of air from hollow microspheres (4) formed closed cells. 3. Substrate according to claim 2, characterized in that at least some of the hollow microspheres (4) located on the impregnated surface of the carrier body (1) are opened. 4. Substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile carrier body consists at least in part of plastic fibers (2), for example polyester fibers or polyamide fibers. 5. Substrate according to claim 4, characterized in that the fibers (2) are thinner than 3.5 dtex, preferably thinner than 2 dtex. 6. Substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier body (1) consists of several interconnected webs. 7. Substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that the textile carrier body (1) consists of a natural fiber fleece and a, preferably about the same weight, with the natural fiber fleece needled synthetic fiber fleece. 8. Substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that the carrier body (1) consists of at least one fleece and a knitted fabric (8) needled therewith or a thin, bonded nonwoven, the fibers (2) of the first-mentioned fleece partially through the knitted fabric or the thin, solidified fleece protrude through it, and that at least the first-mentioned fleece is impregnated and ground on its surface. 9. Substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that the carrier body (1) consists of two nonwovens, between which a knitted fabric (8) or a thin, bonded by embossing is arranged, the knitted fabric (8) or the thin consolidated Fleece is connected to the outer fleece by needling. 10. Substrate according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the knitted fabric (8) consists of a roughened jersey. 11. The substrate according to claim 6, characterized in that the carrier body (1) consists of a nonwoven and from a needled together plastic film made of polypropylene, polyethylene or soft PVC, the fibers (2) of the nonwoven protrude through the plastic film, and that the surface of the fleece is soaked and sanded. 12. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the fleece consists of a carded fleece. 13. Substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile carrier body (1), preferably with a proportion between 5 and 35%, contains high-strength fibers, in particular based on polyamide. 14. Substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that, starting from a surface (5) of the textile carrier body (1), only a range between 20% and 60% of the total thickness of the textile carrier body (1) is soaked. 15. Substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the predominant proportion of the cells of the polymeric plastic material is smaller than 125 µ. 16. The substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymeric plastic material is, at least partially, crosslinked. 17. The substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymeric plastic material (3) is formed from a polymer dispersion based on butadiene, polyurethane, polyacrylic, polystyrene, polyisobutylene and / or polychloroprene or contains these polymers. 18. Substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the polymeric plastic material (3) contains powdery hygroscopic additives, for example leather flour or cellulose powder. 19. Substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile carrier body (1), starting from its two opposite surfaces, is each impregnated with a different polymeric plastic material over a region of the total thickness. 20. Substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that the textile carrier body (1) is provided with a non-stick finish consisting of a layer (at least partially enveloping) the fibers (2) forming the carrier body (1). 21. Substrate according to claim 20, characterized in that the layer made of silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, Polyolefin or similar materials, or mixtures thereof. 22. Substrate according to claim 20, characterized in that the layer consists of a substance which is soluble in a liquid, in particular water or alcohol, for example gelatin, starch, soaps, fatty alcohols, polyvinyl alcohol, water glass, or mixtures thereof. 23. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that it has a density of less than 0.45. 24. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 23, characterized in that it is provided with a pressure on at least one surface (5). 25. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 24, characterized in that it is provided on at least one surface (5) with a, preferably transparent, finish. 26. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that it is provided on at least one surface (5) with a thin coating (7), preferably made of polyurethane or PVC, the fibers projecting from the surface into the coating are embedded. 27. The substrate according to claim 26, characterized in that the coating has a thickness of less than 0.35 mm. 28. Substrate according to claim 26, characterized in that the non-impregnated surface (5) of the carrier body (1) is provided with a coating (7). 29. Substrate according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the non-ground surface is printed with a dispersion containing hollow microspheres. 30. A method for producing a nubuck- or velor-like or textile-velor-like substrate, wherein a textile carrier body (1) with a rough surface on at least one side is impregnated with a foam-like polymeric plastic material on at least one side and the impregnated carrier body (1) is subsequently dried, thereby characterized in that the foam-like polymeric plastic material, which consists of an aqueous plastic dispersion, is introduced into the carrier body (1) consisting of a nonwoven or knitted fabric by the action of excess pressure and / or negative pressure, that the impregnated carrier body (1) is dried by dehydration , and that the impregnated surface (5) of the carrier body (1) is then ground. 31. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the hollow plastic aqueous foam dispersion by introducing air into the hollow microspheres (4) made of a thermoplastic material, preferably made of polyvinylidene chloride, or propellant-containing compact particles made of a thermoplastic material, preferably made of polyvinylidene chloride, are added which compact particles are formed by the application of heat to hollow microspheres (4) in situ. 32. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the drying is carried out by supplying heat, preferably at a temperature above 100 ° C, the impregnated surface (5) of the carrier body having a hot surface, for example a hot plate or roller, in direct Is brought into contact. 33. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the drying is carried out by means of high frequency. 34. The method according to claim 30 and 31, characterized in that during the drying of the impregnated carrier body (1) the hollow microspheres (4) are simultaneously formed from the compact particles. 35. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the aqueous plastic dispersion is exposed to heat-sensitive measures, for example by means of a substance such as polyvinyl methyl ether. 36. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the aqueous plastic dispersion is adjusted to a pH which differs from the pH of the textile carrier body (1) or the fibers (2) forming this textile carrier body. 37. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the textile carrier body (1) or the fibers (2) forming this textile carrier body, prior to the introduction of the aqueous plastic dispersion therein, with a coating of water-repellent material, e.g. Silicone, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, wax, paraffin, polyolefin or similar materials or mixtures thereof, is or will be provided. 38. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the textile carrier body (1) or the fibers (2) forming this textile carrier body, prior to the introduction of the aqueous plastic dispersion, is coated with a coating which is detachable on exposure to a liquid, for example water or alcohol Substance is or will be provided, and that during or after solidification of the whipped foam, this substance is at least partially removed again by the action of the liquid mentioned. 39. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the textile carrier body (1) or the fibers (2) forming this textile carrier body is or are impregnated with a solution, emulsion or dispersion or a gel containing a solubility in a liquid. 40. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the impregnated carrier body (1) after drying a chemical treatment, e.g. by means of hot water, or preferably with simultaneous application of heat, mechanical treatment, e.g. by stretching, stretching and / or tamping. 41. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that an aqueous plastic dispersion is first introduced from one surface (5) of the textile carrier body (1) up to approximately the middle of the same and allowed to dry, and then one, if appropriate, from the opposite surface of the textile carrier body for the first-mentioned plastic dispersion, different, aqueous plastic dispersion is introduced and allowed to dry. 42. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the increase in thickness of the textile carrier body (1) is removed after the drying of the plastic dispersion by the sleep treatment. 43. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the impregnated support body (1) is embossed and compressed at least on one surface under the action of pressure and heat. 44. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the impregnated support body (1) is printed, preferably with a printing ink containing polymethacrylic acid methyl ester or polyurethane as a binder. 45. The method according to claim 30 or 44, characterized in that the impregnated carrier body (1), preferably after printing, is provided with a transparent finish. 46. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that the impregnated support body (1) is subjected to a coloring treatment after grinding. 47. The method according to claim 30, characterized in that a polyurethane material or PVC material forming a coating is applied to the impregnated surface of the carrier body (1) such that the fibers protruding from the surface are embedded in the coating.

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