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EP0160805B1 - Méthode et dispositif pour la récupération du pétrole brut ou de ses produits raffinés à partir de leurs dépôts sédimentés en boues épaisses à compactes - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif pour la récupération du pétrole brut ou de ses produits raffinés à partir de leurs dépôts sédimentés en boues épaisses à compactes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0160805B1
EP0160805B1 EP19850102622 EP85102622A EP0160805B1 EP 0160805 B1 EP0160805 B1 EP 0160805B1 EP 19850102622 EP19850102622 EP 19850102622 EP 85102622 A EP85102622 A EP 85102622A EP 0160805 B1 EP0160805 B1 EP 0160805B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crude oil
nozzles
liquefaction
container
lance
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP19850102622
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0160805A3 (en
EP0160805A2 (fr
Inventor
Rolf Matter
Bernard Paringaux
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fiprosa Holding
Original Assignee
Fiprosa Holding
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CH1246/84A external-priority patent/CH654280A5/de
Priority claimed from CH6209/84A external-priority patent/CH661917A5/de
Application filed by Fiprosa Holding filed Critical Fiprosa Holding
Priority to AT85102622T priority Critical patent/ATE69982T1/de
Publication of EP0160805A2 publication Critical patent/EP0160805A2/fr
Publication of EP0160805A3 publication Critical patent/EP0160805A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0160805B1 publication Critical patent/EP0160805B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/02—Cleaning by the force of jets or sprays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/20—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams
    • B01F25/21—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams with submerged injectors, e.g. nozzles, for injecting high-pressure jets into a large volume or into mixing chambers
    • B01F25/212—Jet mixers, i.e. mixers using high-speed fluid streams with submerged injectors, e.g. nozzles, for injecting high-pressure jets into a large volume or into mixing chambers the injectors being movable, e.g. rotating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/08—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks
    • B08B9/093—Cleaning containers, e.g. tanks by the force of jets or sprays
    • B08B9/0933—Removing sludge or the like from tank bottoms
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0391—Affecting flow by the addition of material or energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/0318—Processes
    • Y10T137/0402—Cleaning, repairing, or assembling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the features defined in the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for performing this method.
  • the type of sedimentation depends on the type of crude oil, it can be excreted asphalt or excreted paraffins, waxes, or any higher molecular weight hydrocarbons; the sedimentation can also consist only of a thickened fraction from the crude oil.
  • the latter is formed, for example, under the influence of heat, which can remain consistently high over long periods in hot desert areas.
  • the result is a kind of oil sludge that can condense into sediments.
  • This oil sludge can be considered in its yogurt-like consistency as a crude oil fraction and it also consists largely of crude oil, or of thickened portions that are redissolvable in crude oil.
  • this oil sludge is primarily an undesirable material that reduces the container capacity, clogs the pumping, etc.
  • a material that should be removed from the tank as a nuisance This is done, for example, in the form of cleaning the empty pumped containers.
  • This problem is dealt with, for example, in US Pat. No. 3,436,263, and what is obvious is used, a cleaning material with which the oil residues are loosened or removed.
  • the final disposal of the sedient then usually takes place via a landfill of the oil sludge in a "sacrificed" container. A reprocessing of the oil sludge is still not systematically considered or even carried out today.
  • FR-A 2'211'546, for example, also deals with the dissolution of such sediments, and chemical foreign substances are also used in accordance with the regulation given therein. This is of course a problem for the manufacturing companies entrusted with the refinery.
  • US Pat. No. 4,426,233 describes a further cleaning method for removing oil sludge from floating roof oil tanks. After the stored oil has been drained, the exposed sediment is loosely sprayed using a liquid pressed through nozzles and washed together with the spray liquid into a storage tank under negative pressure. Due to the direct spraying of the sediment, solids such as stones, pieces of metal and considerable amounts of rust in pieces and flakes also get into the debris. In addition, the spray pressure must always be maintained over a relatively large distance due to the dimensions of a very large oil tank, which requires a very high pumping capacity. If the ejection agent is water, for example, then another container has of course been filled with residues and spray liquor and in turn is waiting for disposal. Basically, the problem is only shifted, but not solved.
  • the cleaning agent used When cleaning tanks, the cleaning agent used must be as cheap as possible and therefore water is usually used. Criteria other than this are seldom considered. Only where the use of water is prohibitive are other rinsing liquids used. Usually a solubilizer is added to the water in the case of crude oil sludge. It should also not be neglected that the flushing medium is added to the total amount disposed of, so there are large amounts of oil-water-dirt sludge when using water. This procedure is known and is actually a general cleaning principle.
  • Oil refineries are usually set up for the specific processing of crude oil and the systems provided for this work with parameters that are set to the provenance of the product to be processed.
  • Foreign substances i.e. non-crude oil artifacts that have been introduced, may interfere with the refining process, so that the operators of the refineries almost always reject the use of such agents. So it mostly remains with complex cleaning processes and environmentally harmful disposal and not least with a constant reduction in the total storage capacity due to oil-filled containers or a new construction of containers.
  • the surprising finding stems from the observation that the sedimented residues, for example in a crude oil storage container, consist essentially of crude oil and that the same material from which the sediment was formed can be used for re-liquefaction for several reasons to dissolve these residues.
  • the same material from which the sediment was formed can be used for re-liquefaction for several reasons to dissolve these residues.
  • the same is introduced into the sediment as a liquefier under pressure.
  • the hydrodynamic energy of the injected crude oil destroys the gel-like structure of the sediment, for example, and the affine character of the material allows the crude oil released to be dissolved together with soluble particles.
  • the process according to the invention allows an economic gain that significantly exceeds the process costs. Nowhere in the industry has this type of approach been known.
  • An additional significant advantage of the new process is that increased security is created for the workers involved, since no direct human intervention is required during the liquefaction and thus for the discharge of the sediments and therefore there is no contact with the harmful and flammable substances. Whereas previously the sediments had to be dismantled directly by human workers with the help of hand tools, the new process also ensures maximum safety against fire and explosion.
  • Another advantage is that the process can run at any temperature. Without heating or cooling measures, it can therefore be used in petroleum-producing areas with a wide variety of climatic conditions and also in areas with frequently fluctuating temperatures.
  • the new process now enables the containers to be freed from volume-consuming sediments and thus to maintain their original storage capacity, even if they are not empty. With fully or partially filled containers, it can run simultaneously during filling or removal processes without significantly impairing the handling operation.
  • the method mentioned can be used in any crude oil container in the broadest sense for the prophylactic prevention of thickening or sedimentation or for the removal of existing sedimentation, for example in crude oil tankers, but also in pipelines in which sedimentation has occurred due to a lack of flow velocity.
  • the device for carrying out the method according to the invention has an arrangement of at least two liquefaction lances which are functionally connected via a controller ( ⁇ P, MUX, L / R) and have vortex-generating nozzles (A22, A33) which are arranged and designed to be operable, and so are designed to be operable such that the hydrokinetic energy injected directly into a liquid medium through the nozzles can be successively transferred to a vortex system to form a targeted flow (F).
  • the lances are introduced through existing openings in the transport or storage container, a plurality of lances preferably being used in interactive operation.
  • the liquefaction lances are controlled manually or remotely, if necessary with the help of computers.
  • the device provides for recirculation of the crude oil in order to optimally use the liquefier.
  • Figures 1 and 1A show examples of sediment reliefs as they extend over the bottom of a storage container of approx. 10 ⁇ 0 ⁇ m and another storage container of approx. 85m diameter.
  • measurements were carried out using lancing probes at various measuring points labeled with the sediment height in cm.
  • Mixing propellers are located on the inner periphery of the tank. They have the task of keeping the tank contents slightly in motion and possibly preventing sedimentation. These mixing propellers also influence the sediment topography, depending on its position in the container. The two examples are intended to show how sedimentation develops locally if the mixing propellers are evenly distributed around the circumference of the container or if they are only on one side.
  • the containers in which the sediments with the crude oil which one seeks to recover are located are generally vertically arranged cylindrical tanks with approximately flat bottoms. As shown in FIG. 6, they are often covered by so-called floating roofs, which have stilts on their underside, usually insertable and extractable through appropriate openings in the roof, by means of which the very heavy cover is prevented from sitting on the bottom and thus on the sediments when the tank is empty. When the tank is completely or partially filled, the lid 'floats' on the stored crude oil.
  • the new process can also be used to recover crude oil from sediments that have settled in tanks with firm roofs.
  • the measured topographies of the sediments deposited on the bottom of the container and shown in FIGS. 1 and 1A represent examples that are still to be discussed.
  • Sealing is done with known means, for example with plastic films or with the help of inflatable sleeves, which nestle tightly into the openings.
  • the procedure is also suitable for cutting a foam mass to size so that the openings are appropriately clogged.
  • the oxygen concentration is constantly monitored analytically during the implementation of the process to ensure that no explosive mixtures can form even after the safety precautions have been carried out and while working. If the oxygen content approaches a prescribed safety limit, new inert gas is supplied immediately.
  • the container is protected against ignition by sparks, mainly those from static discharges.
  • a number of nozzles for injecting crude oil or fractions therefrom are installed in the openings of a floating cover, for example, in the sealed container part.
  • existing openings in which the nozzles are fitted are used in the cover and possibly in the container wall, particularly in the case of "firm roofs".
  • compressed air or pressure oil-operated units are used for reasons of maximum, even extreme fire protection.
  • the pressurized crude oil or fractions therefrom, which are used to dissolve the sediment are used to drive the rotary nozzles for the specified device. Nozzles of this type for left and / or right hand movements will be described later.
  • the slurried sediment can then be suctioned off.
  • the existing drainage pipes of the tank are used for this and / or similar to the assembly of the nozzles, through drainage pipes connected to the openings provided for this purpose.
  • Individual rotating nozzles can be regarded as flow generators; the rotating nozzle, which is constantly pressurized with oil, is the energy source of the vortex, which, in a kind of long-distance effect, transmits the aforementioned flow, hydrodynamic energy and, at the same time, liquefier into the sediment topography.
  • Such flow generators can, as will be shown below, be combined to form higher flow systems.
  • FIG. 3 An optimized operating method is based on this idea of a controlled system of fluid vortices, as an example of two vortices running in opposite directions is shown in FIG. 3.
  • A22 denotes the center of a clockwise rotating vortex and
  • A33 denotes a center for a counterclockwise rotating vortex.
  • the vortex is triggered by a rotary nozzle and is energetically maintained by it.
  • a flow F is formed from the top right to the bottom left, between the vortex the streamlines condense, where the flow velocity is highest. Going back to FIG. 2 shows this a freely chosen swirl system, for example, created on a network with the coordinates A11 to A44.
  • intersection points are equipped with counter-rotating rotating nozzles and some with counter-rotating rotating nozzles.
  • the flow is rather unclear, unordered conditions which can be handled by subsequently operating the nozzles according to FIG. 3. Both figures only show the operating principle and, in order not to overload the figures, are only partially implemented.
  • the stilts on the container roof are also systematically arranged and, as I said, they are usually slidably guided through the container roof. If the roof is in the "floating" state, any number of stilts can be pulled out and the liquefaction lances with the rotating nozzles can be inserted through the stilts opening. In this case, inerting is not necessary because there is no gaseous oxygen to generate an explosive gas mixture. It is always possible to produce a simple vortex system according to FIG. 3, but mostly it is possible to produce a higher-order vortex system, as is partially shown in FIG. 2, with strong flows F- containing a lot of hydrodynamic energy.
  • the crude oil (or fractions thereof) containing the hydrodynamic energy can be used in a targeted manner to liquefy the sediment by means of a controlled vortex system.
  • the thicker layers some of which are almost two meters thick, can be broken down to such an extent that they assume an average thickness. Currents according to FIG. 2 can then be generated.
  • nozzles It is not necessary to attach or insert the nozzles at the selected coordinate points before each operation. Rather, it makes sense to optimally place a plurality of rotary nozzles according to a "flow effect plan" and to control them in terms of height and direction of rotation with respect to one another.
  • the nozzles that are in operation that is to say rotating, are preferably lowered through a crude oil layer above the sediment to the sediment, and the flow formed is then controlled in height or vertically.
  • pairs of nozzles can be changed in the direction of rotation for a flow direction reversal, such a nozzle arrangement is described in FIGS. 10 ⁇ and 11.
  • the device is advantageously controlled via a computer. Parameters by which the device is switched are, for example, operating times, altitude, direction of rotation and interdependent pairings of rotating nozzles.
  • FIG. 4 still shows schematically an embodiment of one of the rotary nozzles to be used with its approximate spatial range of action. More precise information can be found in FIGS. 9, 10 ⁇ and 11.
  • the rotating nozzle heads are oil-driven; if necessary, pressurized gas operation can also be provided.
  • the example shown is one of a variety of options; the nozzle head 12 sprays crude oil through openings B in three directions.
  • the idealized lateral surfaces which are described by an undisturbed rotating liquid jet, are drawn around the nozzle head, with a diameter D of up to 10 ⁇ m possible depending on the design.
  • nozzle head 10 ⁇ consists, for example, of an inner body containing liquid chambers and channels, which is firmly connected to the crude oil supply 15, and a rotatable capsule 14 (FIG.
  • the capsule can be driven, for example, by a compressed air turbine, the associated turbine either being designed for left-hand or right-hand rotation or a nozzle head being equipped with left / right-hand rotation turbine (s).
  • the compressed air valves are preferably computer controlled in a larger system. Such CNC controls, including software, are now fully developed for general applications; such a control is indicated in FIG. 5. If pressure oil is used to rotate the nozzle, which can be the pressurized oil to be injected, it is advisable to use a nozzle head as described in FIGS. 9, 10 ⁇ and 11 in the later part of this patent application.
  • recirculation is necessary in order to get by with smaller amounts of fresh crude oil or fractions to be used.
  • the liquid phase pumped out by means of drainage is constantly checked for its viscosity and fed back into the nozzle lines for the liquefaction process until the viscosity reaches a predetermined threshold.
  • a filter can be switched on in the recirculation in order to separate out "crude oil-foreign" impurities, for example sand and rust components of the container.
  • the re-liquefied residue can then be passed, together with the crude oil used for liquefaction, or fractions thereof, into a storage container provided for this purpose or directly into the refinery, in order to return it to normal use as crude oil.
  • This device consists essentially of pressure medium-operated liquefaction lances, i.e. rigid oil feed pipes with attached nozzles or hollow joints, multi-section liquefaction lances, as well as pumps for the supply of the fresh liquefaction agent, such as crude oil or fractions thereof, intended for liquefaction.
  • the pumps also build up the required operating pressure and pump out the liquefied crude oil sediments in the drainage, together with the supplied crude oil and ultimately also to maintain the recirculation of the liquefied phase back to the nozzles and, if necessary, to discharge the liquefied phase into another Container in which it is used as normal crude oil, or directly in the refinery for further processing.
  • filters are advantageously used in the recirculation lines in order to be able to remove solid impurities which are foreign to crude oil.
  • the pipes required are provided with branches and taps to divert the liquid flow as required. It is advantageous to use flow meters with which the yields can be controlled. Measuring devices for viscosity measurements, for oxygen measurements and other means used for analysis are used in accordance with the known procedure.
  • FIG. 6 now shows a schematic representation of an example of a device for performing the inventive Method in a partially emptied crude oil container 18 with the so-called floating cover 3 lowered onto its stilts 4. It should not be overlooked here that the proportions were chosen completely freely in favor of good presentation.
  • the cover is sealed all around with sealing material 17 which adheres to the container wall 6 and the cover 3 with fastening material 18. As a result, the sliding gap 7 is sealed from the outside. This seal is not always essential, but it serves possible safety requirements.
  • the sediment layer now located in the space 9 sealed to the outside is shown as an irregular accumulation of a residue.
  • Figures 1 and 1A show examples of measured topographies of sediment layers, as occurs in large storage containers.
  • the container bottom 1 is inclined against a container outlet 5, to which a line 22 is connected for leading away the slurried sediment.
  • two liquefaction lances with rotatable nozzles 12 are lowered into the closed space 9 by leaving open working openings 8.
  • fresh crude oil or, if necessary, fractions thereof or recirculated solution are injected into the sediment under an adapted pressure of, for example, in the order of magnitude of 5 to 30 bar.
  • the nozzles can also be moved in the direction of arrow Z, which allows a very specific radius to be sprayed.
  • These individual pressure lines 13 are brought together to form a main pressure line 14, which is connected to a multi-way valve 15.
  • the arrangement shown here allows the necessary recirculation and the formation of a strong flow between the nozzles shown in FIG. 3 due to its arrangement.
  • FIG. 7 shows this embodiment.
  • a pump 21 is via two reusable cocks 15 and 16, there are 3-way cocks, wired so that on the one hand, if necessary, fresh crude oil or fractions thereof can, if necessary, be passed from the fresh oil container 30 ⁇ via line 32 into the nozzles, or on the other hand, as in Picture shown, recirculation is possible.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 6 with two pumps allows better process compensation, in which, for example, new crude oil or fractions thereof can be pumped in without interrupting the delivery in the drainage. It is thus possible to carry out a small recirculation directly back into the nozzles, or in order to obtain a desired dilution, a large recirculation via line 26 into the container 30 ⁇ and from there via line 32 and the first pump 21 and then into the nozzles 12 to execute.
  • the drawn position of the two taps 15 and 16 shows the phase of introducing fresh crude oil or fractions therefrom into the sealed container part 9.
  • the tap 15 is turned by 180 ° and the second pump 20 ° on, the first Pump 21 switched off.
  • the tap 16 is turned 90 ° clockwise, the drainage takes place in the storage container 30 ', which storage container can also be a different one. This gives you the option of specifying any work cycle;
  • the cocks and pumps, as well as the nozzles, can be controlled via a computer, which in turn uses program-related measurement results from the system for the process.
  • Such measurement results come from measuring devices such as the viscometer 24 drawn into the drainage lines 22 and 25. Other measuring points are also conceivable that feed the process with data that are used for control and regulation.
  • a filter 23 can also be provided in the drainage in order, for example, to protect such measuring devices and the nozzles measuring in the flow and also to generally clean the slurried solution of foreign particles.
  • Flow meters can be installed at suitable points to check the yield. If, for example, the fresh amount of crude oil withdrawn through line 32 and the slurry solution returned through line 26, but returned to another storage container, are measured, it can easily be compared how good the yield of the process is. Since the yield measurements can be carried out in many different ways, the arrangement of the flow devices has not been specified in the figures.
  • FIG. 5 shows in the diagram as a device a plurality of individual nozzles connected to form a controlled vortex system.
  • Each rotatable, liftable and lowerable nozzle head 10 ⁇ is schematically drawn with three inputs: an input for the crude oil to be injected, an input for pressurized fluid, for example compressed air or pressurized oil for counterclockwise rotation and an inlet for pressurized air or pressurized oil for clockwise rotation.
  • a common liquid pressure line supplies all nozzles, a common fluid pressure line supplies all L / R distributors.
  • the L / R distributors are, for example, switchable pneumatics or hydraulic blocks, the control lines of which are connected to a multiplex circuit.
  • the multiplexer is computer controlled and capable of switching several addressed outputs simultaneously. In FIG. 5, each pair of vertebrae is illustrated at different heights; the outputs activated on the L / R distributor are marked with an asterisk.
  • An n-line connected to the MUX should indicate that the number of nozzles to be operated can be freely selected.
  • FIG. 8 shows a device of the type that can be used in storage containers with a fixed cover, the so-called firm roofs.
  • a storage container 80 ⁇ has usually distributed a number of manhole entries 81 around its circumference, one of which is shown in the drawing. How to proceed with storage containers with a fixed cover is discussed in detail below in connection with FIGS. 12 and 13. However, a special case has to be considered separately. It can happen that the thickness of the sediment layer, i.e. the height of the sediment, completely obscures such an opening and prohibits the intended opening of the closure and that roof openings are either not available or cannot be used for any reason.
  • a collection tank 82 is tightly attached, which begins to fill with oil sludge after successive, partial opening of the manhole cover.
  • a conveying line 83 connected to the collecting tank 82 with a screw conveyor 84 conveys the oil sludge swelling into the collecting tank into a preferably mobile liquefaction tank 85, which is only shown here in a stylized manner, into which the liquefaction lances can then be introduced.
  • the oil sludge mixed and liquefied therefrom with the supplied crude oil or fractions is led away via a line 87.
  • a recirculation can take place via the line system 86, as well as filtering via a filter 88, viscosity measurement with a device 89 etc. in the outgoing line system 87.
  • a recirculation line is designated, with 91 and 92 each a 3-way valve, 95 and 96 are pump units and the fresh oil supply is designated with 93, the removal, for example. for warehousing or for refinery with 94.
  • a liquefaction lance will now be discussed in more detail below.
  • a single or several liquefaction lances of this type which are combined by control to form a vortex system, essentially form the instrument with which crude oil or fractions thereof are injected into a container as a liquefying agent and as a carrier of the kinetic energy, so that the oil sludge sediments can be liquefied.
  • Each lance is essentially formed by a pipe system and a nozzle.
  • the pipe system connects the vertically adjustable nozzle to a supply line, via which the nozzle is fed with the pressurized crude oil or fractions therefrom.
  • the nozzle is used for actually injecting this crude oil or fractions therefrom into the sediments.
  • Each nozzle head of the lance can be Fig. 9 with a single or gem.
  • Fig 10 ⁇ be equipped with two alternative nozzle heads.
  • a rotary nozzle 10 ⁇ 1 acc. Fig. 9 has a distribution head 10-2, which is rotatably mounted on a tubular connector 10-3; in the present embodiment, the bearings are carried out with the help of ball bearings 10 ⁇ 4, but other bearings, such as roller bearings or plain bearings, etc., can also be provided.
  • the connector 10-3 in turn is fixed, for example by a thread, to the inlet end of the pipe system, not shown.
  • the distribution head 10 ⁇ 2 has a central cavity 10 ,6, in which several bores 10 ⁇ 7 open, the axes of which point in different spatial directions.
  • each bore 10 ⁇ 7 a sleeve 10 ⁇ 8 protruding beyond the distribution head 10 ⁇ 2 and forming the actual nozzle mouth is inserted; these sleeves, which are subject to heavy wear, can be detached in a simple manner, for example with the aid of a screw connection, and can therefore be replaced. It is essential for the function of this nozzle that the axes of the bores 10 ⁇ 6 are not directed radially or axially with respect to the distribution head 10 ⁇ 2, but that at least one bore axis has a tangential component for the rotary drive.
  • the crude oil or fractions from it is conveyed by the pump into the pipe system of the liquefaction lance and passes through the tubular connector 10 ⁇ 3 into the cavity 10 ⁇ 6 of the distributor head 10 ⁇ 2, and exits from there through the holes 10 ⁇ 7 into the container. Because the holes are like this are directed that the oil has at least one tangential speed component, the nozzle is rotated by the reaction. As already mentioned above, this means that the oil streams injected into a storage container wash practically every point, even those that are difficult to reach through the installation of containers.
  • FIGS. 10 ⁇ and 11 show nozzle heads with two superimposed rotary nozzles 110 ⁇ and 111, which are fastened to a connecting piece 112 in approximately the same way as in FIG. 9, this connecting piece being axially longer and projecting through the nozzle heads.
  • the nozzle heads also each have an annular cavity 113, in which outlet bores 114 open with nozzle sleeves 115. These bores 114 are directed in such a way that, when oil flows out, they can set the relevant nozzle heads in rotation in different directions.
  • a control piston 116 Arranged in the interior of the connecting piece 112 and coaxially thereto is a control piston 116 which is vertically displaceable with respect to the connecting piece and which here has an axially directed outlet nozzle 112. This axially directed opening is rotationally invariant, it is used here as an additive to increase the total hydrodynamic energy.
  • the control piston 116 has one or more radial openings 117 at the height of the upper rotary nozzle 110 ⁇ , which can be aligned with the corresponding openings 118 of the connecting piece when the piston is rotated, which openings 118 in turn open into the annular cavity.
  • the tube 116 also has one or more openings 119, which can be aligned with corresponding openings 120 ⁇ of the connecting piece.
  • the Tube 116 can be rotated from a closed position into a first flow position, specifically in such a way that the openings 117 and the openings 118 are aligned, or else into a second flow position, such that the openings 119 and 120 ⁇ are aligned.
  • one or the other nozzle head is pressurized with pressure oil, so that the same liquefaction lance can produce oil vortices in different directions of rotation.
  • the tube 116 is open at the bottom and the connecting piece is provided at the bottom with a further nozzle orifice 121 pointing downwards.
  • control piston 130 ⁇ is rotatable instead of about its axis, it can be displaced vertically along; it also has oil passage openings 131 only at a height.
  • the connecting piece in turn has openings 132 aligned with it, on the one hand at the height of the upper and openings 133 at the height of the lower rotary nozzles. In this case, the control piston is closed at the bottom.
  • the sleeve 140 ⁇ runs freely in the sliding groove 143 and, for example, a helix 145 is provided on the connecting piece 112, along which the adjusting wheel 141 can run and thereby pull the control piston 130 ⁇ attached to the sleeve 141 in the axial direction .
  • Figure 12 now shows a device according to the invention for use in storage containers with a fixed cover with a liquefaction lance, which can be partially transversed with the help of a hollow joint in the container space.
  • the liquefaction lance 10 ⁇ 0 ⁇ with the rotating nozzles 10 ⁇ 1 and recoil nozzles 163 on the lance front part 161, which is connected to the lance shaft 160 ⁇ via the hollow joint 162 can easily be inserted through a mostly existing central opening 180 ⁇ in the lid of the container 80 ⁇ '.
  • a cable pulling device In order to position the lance front part 161 transversely after the lance has been inserted, a cable pulling device is provided in which a metal cable 165 is attached to a fastening 164 on the lance front part 161 and runs over a roller 166 arranged on the lance shaft 160 ⁇ .
  • the rope 165 is wound up or unwound via a winding drum 167.
  • a suitably sturdy support bracket 168 holds the lance shaft 160 ⁇ and the winding drum 167 in this way via a ball bearing 169 ' stored that the entire liquefaction lance 10 ⁇ 0 ⁇ can be rotated in one direction or the other according to the arrow Z.
  • the oil feed 170 ⁇ is also rotatably supported by another bearing 169.
  • the container can have a diameter of, for example, 50 ⁇ m and the lance shaft, however, only from 10 to 20 cm, that is a ratio of 5'0 ⁇ 0 ⁇ 0 ⁇ : (1-2).
  • the length of the lance shaft is 16-17m and the length of the front part of the lance is approx. 20 ⁇ -25m.
  • the trestle is also to be understood and above all, this note is still important for what is stated below.
  • the two bearings 169 are designed in a similar bearing technology, preferably ball (169 ') or roller bearings, as in the case of the rotating nozzles according to FIG the liquefaction lance is rotated by the transversely positioned front part 161 with the recoil nozzles 163 pointing in the same direction by the liquefying agent flowing out under pressure.
  • the transverse positioning of the lance front part 161 to the lance shaft 160 ⁇ takes place by means of the cable pull described; to pull out the lance, the cable is loosened and the front part of the lance drops due to the action of gravity until it is linear to the shaft.
  • the hollow joint connecting the two parts is designed according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 13 A further special embodiment of the device for use in storage containers with fixed covers is shown in FIG. 13. It is a specialist for horizontal insertion into the container. The insertion takes place through lateral manhole openings 81, 81 '. Instead of a hollow joint 162, this embodiment has a rotary projection 171, around which the lance front part 161 can be rotated, as is shown by the rotary arrow Z.
  • This lance front part 161 is equipped approximately the same as that shown in Figure 12; a plurality of rotary nozzles 10-1 serve to liquefy the sediment, recoil nozzles 163 set the lance front part 161 in rotary motion by the impulse of the liquefying agent flowing out.
  • the lance front part itself is rotatably mounted on a right-angled tube extension on the lance shaft 160 ⁇ , as was mentioned in connection with FIG. 12, on the rotatable projection 169 of the liquefier supply 170 ⁇ .
  • a similarly designed rotary attachment 169 with ball or roller bearing 169 ' is provided for the rotatable mounting of the front part of the lance.
  • a support 172 is additionally required, which is shown only schematically here. Secure and tilt-free support of the liquefaction lance with dimensions as discussed in connection with FIG. 12 can be regarded as being removable from the prior art.
  • the entire sediment topography cannot be processed in a single operation.
  • the liquefaction lance will have no effect in the area of the support and beyond. It is therefore envisaged to insert the liquefaction lance through the manhole openings which are also present (as a rule) in a plurality of successive work steps.
  • dimensions of the lance front part 161 are advantageously used, which correspond approximately to 1/3 of the container diameter. It follows that the lance shaft is about 2/3 of the same. Expressed in dimension values, this results in approx. 15-20 ⁇ m for the lance front part 161 and approx. 30 ⁇ -40 ⁇ m for the lance shaft 160 ⁇ . It is roughly the inverse proportions of the embodiment for vertical insertion.
  • the number of the rotating nozzles 10-1 arranged on the front part 161 of the lance is measured by the effective diameter of the nozzle itself (see also FIG. 4). As a rule, 5 nozzles, which are arranged at an even distance, are sufficient. the recoil nozzles 163 are placed in the spaces, 4 of which are usually sufficient.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Procédé pour récupérer par fluidification du pétrole brut épaissi ou solidifié (contenu dans des résidus), ou des produite de raffinage tirés de ce pétrole brut, composés en partie de résidus thixotropiques, essentiellement issue de pétrole brut épaissi en boue et déposés par sédimentation, ou encore de produits de raffinage issus du pétrole brut et qui se décantent dans les cuves (ou citernes) d'entreposage ou de transport pour former un sédiment plus ou moins compact, procédé dans lequel, pour désagréger ces résidus, on injecte un agent de fluidification chimiquement analogue, sous pression en plusieurs endroits de la cuve, caractérisé par le fait que l'énergie hydrodynamique introduite par l'opération d'injection est répartie, par une formation judicieuse de courants, dans une couche de liquide qui recouvre la totalité du sédiment, en ce sens que cette énergie est transformée en un système de tourbillons de fluide de telle manière qu'il se forme sous l'action d'au moins deux générateurs de courants de cette constitution, des tourbillons inverses les uns des autres entre lesquels s'établissent les courants dont l'énergie hydrocinétique ramène le sédiment pétrolifère par étapes successives à son état liquide d'origine.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moyen d'une pluralité de tourbillons élémentaires accordés les uns aux autres en sens de rotation, on ajoute de l'énergie hydrodynamique à des courants d'un ordre supérieur, commandés, et qui ont un effet d'ameublissement, de mise en suspension et de dissolution sur le relief du sédiment.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que le fluide qui transmet l'énergie hydrodynamique est injecté à l'aide de buses orientables et/ou rotatives et les fractions du sédiment transformées en une phase liquide sont évacuées par drainage.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'au moins une fraction de la phase liquide évacuée par drainage est utilisée pour être injectée à nouveau,
  5. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que l'agent fluidifiant est pris dans la couche liquide qui surmonte le sédiment.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 4, caractérisé par le fait que la phase liquide évacuée par le drainage est soumise à un contrôle de degré de viscosité et renvoyée à l'injection jusqu'à ce qu'on ait atteint un seuil de viscosité prédéterminé.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce qu'on ajoute à l'agent fluidifiant du pétrole brut frais ou un produit de raffinage tiré du pétrole brut.
  8. Procédé selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'avant la fluidification des résidus épaissis, on transfère des parties de ces résidus du sédiment d'une cuve d'entreposage dans une cuve spécialement agencée pour la fluidification et que, dans cette deuxième cuve, on les ramène à la forme initialement liquide.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que de la matière issue du sédiment de la cuve d'entreposage est transférée de la cuve d'entreposage à la cuve de fluidification à l'aide d'un moyen de transport continu à vis sans fin,
  10. Procédé selon une des revendications 3 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le liquide issu du drainage, qui contient de l'agent fludifiant et du sédiment fluidifié, est envoyé à une opération de transformation du pétrole brut.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que le liquide de drainage est envoyé à une raffinerie de pétrole.
  12. Installation pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comprend un ensemble d'au moins deux lances de fluidification, couplées fonctionnellement par l'intermédiaire d'une commande (µP, MUX, L/R) et munies de buses génératrices de tourbillons (A₂₂, A₃₃) qui sont disposées et configurées pour le travail de telle manière que l'énergie hydrocinétique injectée directement dans un milieu liquide par les buses puisse être transformée par étapes successives en un système de tourbillons en vue de la formation d'un courant approprié (F).
  13. Installation selon la revendication 12, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comprend un dispositif comportant une pluralité de lances de fluidification équipées de buses génératrices de tourbillons (A₁₁... A₄₄) qui sont réparties sur la section de la cuve d'entreposage, dans la direction verticale et/ou dans la direction horizontale, à un écartement mutuel interactif, de telle manière que l'énergie hydrocinétique introduite soit transforméé en une pluralité de courants de liquide F₊, F₋) exerçant un effet approprié.
  14. Installation selon la revendication 12 ou 13, caractérisée par le fait que les buses (10, 12, 13, 14) sont agencées sur des lances mobiles en élévation et descente.
  15. Installation selon une des revendications 12 à 14, caractérisée par la fait qu'il est prévu des moyens de commande (µP, MUX, L/R) pour commander la position ainsi que la rotation de chaque buse (10, 12, 110, 111) mobile en élévation, descente et rotation.
  16. Installation selon une des revendications 12 et 13, caractérisée par le fait qu'elle comprend des pompes (20) et des robinets de dérivation (16) servant à pomper ou à transvaser les résidus fludifiés provenant du volume intérieur de la cuve, soit pour le recyclage, soit pour le transfert à une autre cuve.
  17. Installation selon une des revendications 12 à 16, caractérisée par un dispositif de buses générateur de tourbillons (101) qui tourne autour d'un axe (A) et présente plusieurs orifices de buses (108) orientés dans diverses directions de l'espace, dont au moins un est incliné sur le rayon de manière à présenter une composante tangentielle servant à assurer l'entraînement en rotation.
  18. Installation selon la revendication 17, caractérisée par le fait que le dispositif de buses (101) est muni d'un raccord (103) présentant la forme d'un téton creux, servant à le raccorder à un tube d'alimentation et de lance (103) et présente une tête de distribution (102) qui est montée mobile en rotation sur ce tube, et présente une cavité (106) d'où des ouvertures (107) conduisent vers l'extérieur pour alimenter les orifices de buses (108).
  19. Installation selon une des revendications 16 ou 17, caractérisée par deux têtes de buses (110, 111) dont les orifices de buses (115) sont agencés de manière que leurs composantes tangentielles soient dirigées l'une en sens inverse de l'autre, et par un dispositif de renversement (116-120, 130-133, 140-145) servant à envoyer du pétrole ou des fractions du pétrole aux orifices de buses (115) en alternance.
  20. Installation selon une des revendications 14 à 19, caractérisée par une lance de fluidification (100) munie d'une hampe de lance (160) et d'une partie avant de lance (161) mobile par rapport à la hampe et comprenant une pluralité de buses tournantes (163) servant à projeter le pétrole brut ou les fractions de ce pétrole.
  21. Installation selon la revendication 20, caractérisée en ce qu'il est prévu des moyens (169, 169') pour faire tourner la lance de fluidification (100) avec sa partie avant (161).
  22. Installation selon la revendication 21, caractérisée par le fait que les moyens d'entraînement (163) sont des buses de réaction qui peuvent être alimentées par le pétrole ou les fractions de ce pétrole et qui sont montées sur la partie avant (161) de la lance.
EP19850102622 1984-03-13 1985-03-07 Méthode et dispositif pour la récupération du pétrole brut ou de ses produits raffinés à partir de leurs dépôts sédimentés en boues épaisses à compactes Expired - Lifetime EP0160805B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85102622T ATE69982T1 (de) 1984-03-13 1985-03-07 Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von rohoel oder raffinerieprodukten aus zu schlammigem verdicktem bis kompaktem, sedimentiertem rohoel oder raffinerieprodukten, sowie vorrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1246/84 1984-03-13
CH1246/84A CH654280A5 (en) 1984-03-13 1984-03-13 Process for recovering crude oil from crude oil which has thickened to form oil sludge and sedimented, and equipment for carrying out the process
CH6209/84 1984-12-31
CH6209/84A CH661917A5 (en) 1984-12-31 1984-12-31 Process for recovering crude oil or refinery products from sedimentations thereof, and equipment for carrying out the process

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EP0160805A2 EP0160805A2 (fr) 1985-11-13
EP0160805A3 EP0160805A3 (en) 1986-02-05
EP0160805B1 true EP0160805B1 (fr) 1991-12-04

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JP (1) JPH08230B2 (fr)
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AU (1) AU4111485A (fr)
CA (1) CA1290714C (fr)
DE (1) DE3584789D1 (fr)
IN (1) IN164614B (fr)
IT (1) IT1184155B (fr)
NL (1) NL194234C (fr)
NO (1) NO854514L (fr)
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT8519856A0 (it) 1985-03-12
IT1184155B (it) 1987-10-22
EP0160805A3 (en) 1986-02-05
DE3584789D1 (de) 1992-01-16
CA1290714C (fr) 1991-10-15
NL8500727A (nl) 1985-10-01
JPS61501688A (ja) 1986-08-14
NO854514L (no) 1986-01-13
AU4111485A (en) 1985-10-11
NL194234C (nl) 2001-10-02
NL194234B (nl) 2001-06-01
WO1985004122A1 (fr) 1985-09-26
JPH08230B2 (ja) 1996-01-10
US5078799A (en) 1992-01-07
AR240659A1 (es) 1990-08-31
IN164614B (fr) 1989-04-22
EP0160805A2 (fr) 1985-11-13

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