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EP0023441B1 - Militärisches Material mit einem Panzerturm, auf welchem aussen eine Kanone angebracht ist - Google Patents

Militärisches Material mit einem Panzerturm, auf welchem aussen eine Kanone angebracht ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0023441B1
EP0023441B1 EP80400984A EP80400984A EP0023441B1 EP 0023441 B1 EP0023441 B1 EP 0023441B1 EP 80400984 A EP80400984 A EP 80400984A EP 80400984 A EP80400984 A EP 80400984A EP 0023441 B1 EP0023441 B1 EP 0023441B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gun
turret
axis
armour
equipment according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP80400984A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0023441A1 (de
Inventor
Raoul Henri Dumez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Safran Transmission Systems SAS
Original Assignee
Hispano Suiza SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hispano Suiza SA filed Critical Hispano Suiza SA
Priority to AT80400984T priority Critical patent/ATE1918T1/de
Publication of EP0023441A1 publication Critical patent/EP0023441A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0023441B1 publication Critical patent/EP0023441B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A23/00—Gun mountings, e.g. on vehicles; Disposition of guns on vehicles
    • F41A23/24—Turret gun mountings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/38—Loading arrangements, i.e. for bringing the ammunition into the firing position
    • F41A9/39—Ramming arrangements
    • F41A9/42—Rammers separate from breech-block

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to military equipment of the kind comprising a turret mounted so as to be able to rotate about a vertical axis and carrying, by a journaling device with horizontal axis, a heavy main weapon, with axial loading from the rear, completely external to the turret, provided with its own shielding and situated approximately in a plane passing through the axis of rotation of the turret.
  • Pointing control devices that can be actuated from inside the turret allow the weapon to be pointed in azimuth by orienting the turret and in elevation by tilting the weapon on its journaling device.
  • Turret and heavy weapon materials are already known in which the main large caliber weapon fed blow by blow is generally mounted on trunnions placed approximately at the right of the front part of the bearing which carries the turret so as to give the part rear of the barrel the place necessary for its deflection in site and its retreat.
  • This arrangement allows the rear part of the weapon to be turreted, from pins included, but it has numerous drawbacks.
  • the size and weight of the turret are directly related to the characteristics of the main weapon; the circle swept by the end of the barrel of the weapon is directly linked to the length of the latter and greatly exceeds the size of the carrier vehicle in most cases.
  • journaling device comprises two lateral supports framing the weapon, receiving journals carried by it and defining a tilting axis situated behind the axis of turret rotation (US-A-2933981).
  • This arrangement reduces the overall size of the equipment.
  • the equipment described in US Pat. No. 2,933,981 comprises a weapon constituted by a rocket launcher supplied at a high rate by a conveyor belt arranged in a box secured to the weapon. This provision cannot be transposed to the case of weapons whose ammunition is of such a weight that the supply must be done piecemeal. It does not provide adequate protection for ammunition. It only allows the casing to be replenished with ammunition for a particular position of the weapon.
  • the present invention aims to provide military equipment that better meets those previously known to the requirements of practice, in particular in that it eliminates the drawbacks mentioned above of conventional turrets provided with a large caliber weapon and ensures a supply of ammunition of this weapon in a simple way and along a fully protected route.
  • the invention provides military equipment of the kind defined above, in which one of the supports cooperates with the armor of the weapon to constitute a protected supply corridor for a supply system blow by blow of the ammunition weapon from inside the turret.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the field of armored land military vehicles carrying a heavy primary weapon, loaded step by step, to which may also be added secondary armament.
  • This application is not, however, exclusive: the invention can also be used on a pillbox or on a maritime vehicle.
  • the disc swept by the end of the barrel of the weapon is reduced due to the rejection of the trunnions towards the rear of the turret.
  • the dimensions of the latter can be reduced, in particular because the inside diameter of its rolling crown does not have to take into account the distance of recoil of the weapon relative to the journal.
  • the possibilities of pointing to positive and negative site are increased.
  • the dimensions of the turret basket no longer have to be determined taking into account the tilting and recoil of the rear part of the weapon: it suffices that the basket can receive the servant or the servants and the ammunition.
  • the weapon does not penetrate into the compartment occupied by the servants, the movements of the latter are easier, the available space is more important, there are no more empty sockets in the turret, the combustion gases are completely escape from the turret when opening the breech, the turret noise during firing is reduced.
  • the protection of the vehicle and the servants is very improved, because the turret can be designed so as to have low and leaky lines and it is possible to fire at military crest while not discovering either the vehicle or the interior of the turret.
  • the assembly constituted by the weapon and its armor has itself a small frontal and lateral surface, therefore is less exposed to destruction. The supply system is nonetheless perfectly protected.
  • the main weapon carried by the turret will be a large caliber weapon, typically 81 mm and more, whose loading is carried out blow by blow.
  • the armor of the weapon will surround the rear part thereof, up to and including the journal axis, and will provide rear space for recoil.
  • the sockets can escape through a rear opening of the shield.
  • the armor of the weapon will advantageously comprise towards the front and at least on one side of the median plane, a wall in the form of a cylindrical sector centered on the tilting axis and in which is formed a passage opening of the supply system (chain conveyor for example) cooperating with the corresponding part of one of the lateral supports.
  • the tilting axis is advantageously placed in such a way that it is close to the center of gravity of the entire weapon and its armor and a mechanical system exerting elastic forces is advantageously provided to balance the residual tilting moment.
  • the material shown in fig. 1 and 2 comprises a turret 10 which is assumed to be supported, by means of a bearing with a vertical axis not shown, by a vehicle whose outline of the chassis appears in phantom.
  • This turret 10 comprises an armored cupola 11 which will generally be provided with access panels 12 (FIG. 2) and with a tank 13 located inside the vehicle.
  • the turret 10 externally carries a large caliber weapon 14 whose rear part is provided with a shield 15 and which constitutes with it a set 16. This set follows the rotational movement of the turret.
  • the assembly 16 occupies a position such that the firing axis of the weapon 14 constantly intersects the axis of rotation of the turret.
  • the journalling device comprises two lateral supports 18 framing the assembly 16 and journals 17 integral with the cradle of the weapon 14 and the shield 15.
  • the supports 18 are hollow and the journals 17 bear on their internal or external flank, according to the case.
  • the support 18 and the pins 17 are placed so that the journal axis of the assembly 16 is located clearly behind the axis of rotation of the turret. In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1 and 2, this axis is practically located at the right of the rear part of the bearing supporting the turret 10. Thanks to this arrangement, the size of the turret and the volume of the tank can be very significantly reduced compared to those which would be necessary with conventional mounting.
  • the armor 15 of the weapon provided with inspection doors and access to the weapon and to its loading device (not shown), is provided at the rear with an opening 19 for ejecting empty casings during of shooting.
  • the equipment must include a device for supplying and loading the weapon 14, the routing of which is carried out entirely under shielding.
  • the path of the munition the weight of which will be several kilograms or even tens of kilograms, must go from the interior of the tank 13 to a loading station located under armor.
  • the supply system will generally comprise a conveyor, for example chain, of the conventional type, making it possible to bring each munition in turn to a manual loading station 20, on which the ammunition is placed by the servant, up to a transfer station 21 laterally offset from the vertical median plane of the weapon 14 and from which the ammunition can tilt towards an arming station 25 placed in the axis of the weapon. Arming itself can be carried out after the latter has retreated, which may have mechanically armed the loading device, which will only be triggered after ejection of the empty cartridge case and arrival of the new ammunition. Finally, it takes position 29.
  • the loading device can also be separate and supplied with energy by mechanical, electrical or hydraulic means.
  • the system can pass, without ever being exposed, from the dome 11 to the shield 15, by crossing openings provided for this purpose in a wall in the form of a circular sector of the support 18 and a corresponding wall of the shield 15.
  • the offset of the pins 17 rearward relative to the axis of rotation of the turret is smaller than in the case of fig. 1, while remaining nevertheless notable since it is greater than half the radius of the rolling crown.
  • the height of the trunnions 17 above the rolling crown is greatly increased, by increasing the height of the supports 18, which in particular makes it possible to achieve larger positive elevation angles. It can be seen that the height of the pin 17 above the bearing represents nearly two thirds of the diameter of this bearing.
  • the weapon supply device gives the ammunition a slightly different route from that indicated in fig. 1 to 3: the servant takes each ammunition in turn stored at 22 to place it on the loading conveyor at 20.
  • the conveyor passes through one of the supports 18 and a facing surface integral with the shielding 15.
  • the solution adopted may in particular be that indicated in FIGS. 5, 7 and 8.
  • the shield 15 comprises a wall 23 in the form of a cylindrical sector centered on the tilting axis and in which an opening 24 for the passage of the conveyor is formed.
  • the wall 23 cooperates with a corresponding, compatible wall of the dome 11, also pierced with a passage opening of the conveyor.
  • the angular development of the passage opening 24 must obviously be sufficient to authorize loading in the entire pointing area on the site envisaged. So that no fraction of the opening opens to the outside, even when pointing at a maximum positive site, the lateral support through which the supply system passes can be completed by a shield (not shown). We see in fig.
  • the loading device When fired, the loading device is erased.
  • the breech wedge 30 emerges, the breech moves back freely, driving the wedge and the empty socket ejects towards the rear.
  • the loading device armed by the backward movement, introduces the new ammunition.
  • the part returns to the firing position and the conveyor intervenes again to bring a munition at 21.
  • the pins are advantageously placed on the tilting assembly 16 so that their axis is close to the center of gravity G of the assembly. This reduces the tilting moments that the site pointing device must overcome.
  • a mechanical system exerting elastic forces which balance, at least partially, the tilting moments of the assembly 16, is provided.
  • it comprises a torsion bar 27 connected by a linkage 28 to the pins 17.
  • This linkage generally comprises cams not shown.
  • the balancing device can moreover take many other forms and use any elastic return members, such as torsion bars or helical springs.
  • This supply system shown in fig. 9 to 11 (where the members corresponding to those of FIGS. 7 and 8 bear the same reference number), can be regarded as comprising a conveyor making it possible to bring each munition in turn to a supply station 20 (where laying the shooter) at a transfer station 21 and an arming station 21, and an introduction mechanism intended to bring the ammunition from the arming station 25 to the firing chamber.
  • the loading conveyor 31 in turn consists of two parts.
  • the first, constituting device for bringing to the transfer station 21, consists of two parallel chains 31 driven by a motor-reduction unit which can be of conventional constitution and is not shown.
  • the two chains are provided with support clamps 32 and 33 connected together to form a carriage on which the shooter places the ammunition at the supply station 20, located in a turret.
  • the chains 31 are guided and driven by rollers and sprockets. Some 38 are located inside and carried by the turret. The others 39 are placed in the barrel compartment and secured to the shielding 15.
  • the rollers and pinions 38 and 39 are arranged so that the path imposed by the chains on the ammunition allows the latter to pass through the openings of the support 18 and of the shield 15 whatever the orientation in elevation of the barrel, from the maximum positive site (in phantom in Fig. 9) to the minimum negative site (in solid line).
  • the chains 31 must be kept in tension.
  • the 180 ° return pulley 39 is mounted on a slide 40 subjected to the action of a spring 34 maintained in compression by a link 35, one end of which is articulated on a fixed point inside the turret and the other end of which is movable to the right of the slides 36 of the slide, inside the barrel compartment.
  • the chain drive motor-reduction unit must be provided to move the clamps 32 and 33 either from the turret to the barrel compartment to supply the latter, or in the opposite direction to allow bringing back an unused ammunition or picking up a new ammunition to fire.
  • the second part of the loading conveyor is intended to transfer the ammunition from the transfer station, offset laterally relative to the barrel, to the cocking station 25.
  • This transfer mechanism (fig. 10a) comprises two clamps 41 and 42 which can be identical to those of the conveyor. These two pliers are each provided with an arm terminated by a sleeve 43 or 44 keyed sliding on a shaft 45 (fig. 11).
  • the sleeve 44 is provided with a mechanism making it possible to force it back and forth between the transfer position in which it is shown in FIG. 10a and the advanced position in which it is shown in FIG. 10b.
  • the shaft 47 is provided with a mechanism enabling it to rotate by the angle necessary to move the ammunition from position 21 to position 25 (fig. 10a).
  • This mechanism is for example constituted by an electric motor (not shown) driving an endless screw 47 meshing with a wheel 48 wedged on the shaft 45.
  • the device for introducing the ammunition into the firing chamber of the weapon successively involves the clamps 41 and 42, then a device with a deformable parallelogram.
  • the clamp 42 is provided with means allowing it to pass from the position of FIG. 10a at the position of FIG. 10b.
  • these means comprise a chain 46 which passes over the drive pinion 46a, to which an electric motor, not shown, is coupled.
  • clamps 41 and 42 constitute a trolley for transporting the ammunition. These clamps are coupled by a rod 49 and an electromagnet 50 making it possible to separate the two clamps. This electromagnet is controlled when the clamp 41 reaches the front end of the stroke, so as to allow the clamp 42 to come closer by partially introducing the ammunition into the chamber of the weapon.
  • the deformable parallelogram mechanism comprises a movable assembly 52 provided with central rollers which roll on parallel slides 53 and lateral rollers which roll on lateral slides 54 which converge in their front part.
  • the rear part of the movable assembly is provided with a lug 55 intended to cooperate with a drive arm 56 secured to the sleeve 44.
  • the parallelogram is thus driven during the forward movement of the clamp 42.
  • the reduction in the distance between the lateral slides 54 causes an elongation of the deformable parallelogram and the complete introduction of the cartridge into the chamber by a pusher. spring 57.
  • the entire device is obviously supplemented by conventional members such as start and end of travel limit switches and control switches.
  • the chains 31 then bring the ammunition to the transfer station 21.
  • a limit stop then causes the ammunition to be taken up by the clamps 41 and 42, then the opening of the clamps 32 and 33, for example using an electromagnet 37.
  • the mechanism for driving the shaft 45 in rotation is controlled so as to cause the munition to tilt from position 21 to position 25 (arrow f in FIG. 10a).
  • the mechanism for driving the sleeve 44 is controlled and successively causes the clamps 41 and 42 to move in block, then a further movement of the clamp 42 and at the same time the longitudinal extension of the moving element 52 with a deformable parallelogram to put in place the ammunition.
  • the clamps 41 and 42 then return to the original position and clear the location necessary for recoil when fired.
  • the casing is ejected through the opening 19 provided for this purpose in the shielding (fig. 1) and the barrel can be supplied again.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Cigar And Cigarette Tobacco (AREA)
  • Specific Conveyance Elements (AREA)
  • Automatic Assembly (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)

Claims (8)

1. Militärisches Material mit einem um eine vertikale Achse drehbaren Panzerturm (10), der über eine um eine horizontale Achse betätigbare Schwenkeinrichtung ein zur Gänze ausserhalb des Turmes liegendes und axial von hinten zu ladendes schweres Hauptgeschütz (14) trägt, welches mit einer geeigneten Panzerung versehen ist und annähernd in einer durch die Rotationsachse des Turmes gehenden Ebene liegt, wobei die Schwenkeinrichtung zwei seitliche das Geschütz (14) einschliessende und die Lagerzapfen des Geschützes aufnehmende seitliche Stützen (18) aufweist und damit eine hinter der Rotationsachse des Turmes liegende Schwenkachse festlegt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine der Stützen (18) mit der Panzerung (15) des Geschützes einen geschützten Beschickungskanal für ein Ladesystem bildet, durch das das Geschütz Stück für Stück vom Inneren des Turmes (11, 13) her mit Munition versorgt wird, dass die Panzerung des Geschützes eine in Form eines auf die Schwenkachse zentrierten Kreiszylinderteiles ausgebildete vordere Wand (23) aufweist, in der eine Durchlauföffnung (24) des Ladesystems vorgesehen ist, die durch die Stütze führt und im Turm mündet und die in ihrem Winkelausmass genügend gross ausgebildet ist, um die Beschikkung in allen Bereichen des Zielens im Gelände mittels einer Fördereinrichtung, beispielsweise einer Kette (31), zu gewährleisten, durch die die Munition Stück für Stück von einer manuell bedienten Beschickungsstation (20) im Turm zu einer seitlich zur vertikalen Mittelebene des Geschützes versetzten und hinter der Schwenkachse liegenden Zubringstation (21) geführt werden, von wo die Munition seitlich in eine in der Achse des Geschützes angeordnete Ladestation (25) verbracht wird.
2. Militärisches Material nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lagerzapfen (17) auf der Geschützpanzerung in einer solchen Stellung angebracht sind, dass der Schwerpunkt der gesamten geschwenkten Einheit in der Nähe der Schwenkachse liegt und dass ein mechanisches, elastisches System vorgesehen ist, um das durch die Schwerkraft hervorgerufene Schwenkmoment des Geschützes zumindest teilweise auszugleichen.
3. Militärisches Material nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Panzerung des Geschützes mit einer hinteren Auswurföffnung (19) zum Auswerfen der Geschosshülsen hinter das Geschützabteil versehen ist.
4. Militärisches Material nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ladeeinrichtung bei ihrem das Auslösen des vorhergehenden Schusses folgenden Rückstoss mechanisch geladen wird oder durch eine zusätzlich mechanische, elektrische oder hydraulische Einrichtung.
5. Militärisches Material nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Ladeeinrichtung des Geschützes nach dem Laden weggebracht wird, um den Rückstoss des Geschützes ins Innere der Panzerung bei Lösen des Schusses zu erlauben.
6. Militärisches Material nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand zwischen der Schwenkachse und der vertikalen Achse des Turmes so bemessen ist, dass die vom Ende des Geschützrohres beim Drehen des Turmes bestrichene Scheibe sich dem Minimum annähert unter Berücksichtigung der Gesamtlänge des Geschützes und der Panzerung.
7. Militärisches Material nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Mechanismus zum Versetzen der Munition ausgehend von der Zubringstation (21) vorgesehen ist, welcher eine Garnitur Klammern (41, 42) zum Ergreifen der Munition aufweist, die in Drehbewegung mit einer Welle (45) verbunden sind, welche Welle mit Einrichtungen versehen ist, die sie in Drehbewegung versetzen und die Garnitur Klammern zur Ladestation (25) führen, sowie eine Einführeinrichtung mit Einrichtungen zur Bewegung der Garnitur Klammern entlang der Welle (45) in Richtung auf die Abschusskammer.
8. Militärisches Material nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einführeinrichtung zusätzlich eine verstellbare Parallelogramm-Garnitur aufweist, die durch eine der Klammern der Garnitur mitgenommen wird und die mit der Munition zusammenwirkt, um sie von der Stellung, in die sie von den Klammern gebracht werden, in die Abschusskammer einzuführen.
EP80400984A 1979-07-27 1980-06-30 Militärisches Material mit einem Panzerturm, auf welchem aussen eine Kanone angebracht ist Expired EP0023441B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80400984T ATE1918T1 (de) 1979-07-27 1980-06-30 Militaerisches material mit einem panzerturm, auf welchem aussen eine kanone angebracht ist.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7919401 1979-07-27
FR7919401A FR2462686A1 (fr) 1979-07-27 1979-07-27 Materiel militaire comportant une tourelle portant une arme principale exterieure

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0023441A1 EP0023441A1 (de) 1981-02-04
EP0023441B1 true EP0023441B1 (de) 1982-12-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80400984A Expired EP0023441B1 (de) 1979-07-27 1980-06-30 Militärisches Material mit einem Panzerturm, auf welchem aussen eine Kanone angebracht ist

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US4381693A (de)
EP (1) EP0023441B1 (de)
AR (1) AR227157A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE1918T1 (de)
BR (1) BR8004682A (de)
CA (1) CA1153598A (de)
DE (1) DE3061211D1 (de)
ES (1) ES8104554A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2462686A1 (de)
MX (1) MX153205A (de)
ZA (1) ZA804497B (de)

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US4144797A (en) * 1975-09-12 1979-03-20 Ab Bofors Device for a turret applied to a tank
CH620989A5 (de) * 1977-07-06 1980-12-31 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag
DE2826136C3 (de) * 1978-06-15 1982-03-04 Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen Vorrichtung für den Munitionstransport aus einem gepanzerten Fahrzeug zu einem auf einer Plattform fest angeordneten scheitellafettierten Geschütz

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Publication number Publication date
BR8004682A (pt) 1983-04-26
ATE1918T1 (de) 1982-12-15
ES493547A0 (es) 1981-04-16
FR2462686A1 (fr) 1981-02-13
ZA804497B (en) 1981-07-29
AR227157A1 (es) 1982-09-30
DE3061211D1 (en) 1983-01-05
CA1153598A (en) 1983-09-13
MX153205A (es) 1986-08-22
ES8104554A1 (es) 1981-04-16
FR2462686B1 (de) 1983-09-09
EP0023441A1 (de) 1981-02-04
US4381693A (en) 1983-05-03

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