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EP0010711B1 - Utilisation d'un tissu métallisé comme réflecteur de micro-ondes - Google Patents

Utilisation d'un tissu métallisé comme réflecteur de micro-ondes Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0010711B1
EP0010711B1 EP79104077A EP79104077A EP0010711B1 EP 0010711 B1 EP0010711 B1 EP 0010711B1 EP 79104077 A EP79104077 A EP 79104077A EP 79104077 A EP79104077 A EP 79104077A EP 0010711 B1 EP0010711 B1 EP 0010711B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sheet
form textile
textile materials
metallised
materials according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP79104077A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0010711A1 (fr
Inventor
Harold Dr. Ebneth
Hans-Georg Dr. Fitzky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Priority to AT79104077T priority Critical patent/ATE989T1/de
Publication of EP0010711A1 publication Critical patent/EP0010711A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0010711B1 publication Critical patent/EP0010711B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
    • D06M11/00—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising
    • D06M11/83—Treating fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, with inorganic substances or complexes thereof; Such treatment combined with mechanical treatment, e.g. mercerising with metals; with metal-generating compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls; Reduction of metal compounds on textiles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06Q—DECORATING TEXTILES
    • D06Q1/00—Decorating textiles
    • D06Q1/04—Decorating textiles by metallising
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
    • H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
    • H01Q15/18—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures comprising plurality of mutually inclined plane surfaces, e.g. corner reflector
    • H01Q15/20—Collapsible reflectors

Definitions

  • Radar location is also widespread, especially in fog or unsightly weather.
  • Small objects e.g. life rafts, small boats, etc.
  • the objects of interest should therefore have at least a reflectivity of 90 ° / o.
  • Compact material that reflects radar radiation with low losses is often out of the question as an outer cladding.
  • the outer wall of small objects at sea cannot be provided with a compact metallic surface.
  • US Pat. No. 3,047,860 also describes reflectors which are suitable for locating aircraft and which, owing to their construction, nets made of plastic strips with embedded metal foils, lead to excessive reflection losses and insufficient textile elasticity for rescue operations.
  • VA fibers were preferably incorporated into a polymer fiber.
  • the object of the invention is to improve the recognizability of smaller objects with radar beams, particularly in the fields of sea and aviation and in the emergency services. It has now been found that the visibility by radar, especially in the case of small objects, is improved if metallized textile fabrics are attached to the objects, with nickel after activation of the textile fabrics on them with a metal layer thickness on the monofilament between 0.02 and 2 , 5 ⁇ m has been electrolessly deposited wet chemically. Textile fabrics are understood to mean woven goods, knitwear and nonwovens.
  • the invention relates to the use of metallized textile fabrics as a reflective material for micro and decimeter wave radiation.
  • the polarization of the radiation reflected on stretched metallized tissues can be used to facilitate or increase the object recognition.
  • a pulsating polarization of the reflected microwaves can be achieved by periodic stretching and unloading.
  • the surface conductivity of the textile fabrics is considerably greater than if the same amount of metal had been applied by vapor deposition.
  • the surface resistance measured according to DIN 54345 at 23 ° C and 50% RH, is of the order of magnitude around or below 1 - 10 2 Q. It is surprising that even layer thicknesses in the area of the skin depth still have a high reflectivity, which is due to the textile construction may be related. For nickel layers, for example, the skin depth is 0.27 ⁇ m at 3 GHz and 0.16 ⁇ m at 9 GHz.
  • the improved recognizability of even small objects increases safety, particularly in the fields of shipping, aviation and rescue services.
  • the light weight and the flexibility of the material are particularly advantageous when used according to the invention. It can be attached to uneven surfaces and can be cut to any size. It is so light that the additional weight hardly changes the total weight. It is a novel, technical method to increase the reflection behavior of a non-metallic object for radar beams.
  • the durability of the electrolessly deposited layer is also higher than would be expected with a vapor-deposited metal layer. It is also possible to coat the metal layer with a further protective layer, e.g. to be additionally protected by painting, lamination or coating.
  • the reflectivity is very high in a range between 0.02 and 1000 GHz, ie in a far larger range than just the "classic" radar radiation.
  • the textile fabric can consist of cotton, polyacrylonitrile, polyamide, aramid, polyester, viscose, modacrylic, polyolefin, polyurethane, PVC alone or in combination with one another.
  • the electrolessly deposited metal layer consists of nickel.
  • a further metal layer, preferably gold, can be deposited thereon in an electroless, wet chemical manner.
  • the mesh size or crossing points of the weft and warp threads in fabrics should be less than one tenth of the wavelength of the radiation to be reflected.
  • the reflection also depends on the shape of the textile construction. A textile construction that is as isotropic as possible will therefore be chosen if the reflection is to be isotropic.
  • by bracing a loose, coarse-meshed textile fabric it can be achieved that the microwave rays are partially polarized after the reflection if unpolarized radiation is incident, or the reflection is particularly great for linearly polarized, incident radiation if the mechanical tension and the vector of the electric field strength are perpendicular to each other.
  • the degree of polarization indicates the proportion of polarized radiation in the total radiation.
  • a 100% polyacrylonitrile filament yarn fabric has the following textile construction:
  • the sample (dry weight 7.2 g) has about 3.1 g, i.e. approx. 40% by weight of nickel metal.
  • the quick activation and the high metal deposition at room temperature are surprising.
  • the nickel layer thickness on the monofilament is 0.77 ⁇ m.
  • textile fabrics coated with nickel were produced in different thicknesses and the reflection losses between 2 and 25 GHz were measured.
  • the measurement method is described, for example, in H. Groll, Microwave Measurement Technology, F. Vieweg & Sohn, Braunschweig, 1,969, pp. 353 ff.
  • the reflection loss is given in dB.
  • broadband frequency-modulated radiation of constant power e.g. 1.9 to 2.4 GHz, 7 to 8 GHz.
  • the textile fabrics are the same as in Example 1; they are also coated with nickel as in Example 1.
  • the angle of incidence is 30 °.
  • Dense tissue is therefore required to achieve good reflection at short wavelengths.
  • a textile fabric according to Example 1 is coated with a 0.2 ⁇ m nickel coating as described there. Immediately after rinsing, it is placed in a gold cyanide bath at 78 ° C. while still wet. The gold bath based on potassium gold cyanide is adjusted to a pH of 10.5 at 4 g / l with ammonia. After 20 seconds, a shiny gold metal film is deposited on the shiny nickel layer. The gold layer thickness on the nickel-plated surface is 0.2 ⁇ m within 5 minutes. The reflection losses in dB with vertical incidence are shown below.
  • the degree of reflection depends on mechanical stresses.
  • Linearly polarized microwave radiation falls vertically onto a knitted fabric of an acrylonitrile copolymer on which a 0.75 ⁇ m thick nickel layer is deposited.
  • Line II shows the reflection losses in dB if the knitted fabric is not mechanically stressed.
  • Line I shows the losses under tensile stress (direction of stress parallel to the E-vector).
  • a periodic variation in the tensile stress leads to a periodic variation in the reflected microwave intensity. If the E-vector of the incident, linearly polarized microwave radiation is not in the direction of the tensile stress of the knitted fabric or fabric, there are changes in the reflected intensity corresponding to the proportion of the E-component in this direction. As a result, the recognizability of an object sought by radar can be increased considerably within an environment that is constantly reflecting over time (rescue service, friend / enemy detection, etc.).
  • a polyethylene paper i.e. a fleece made of polyolefin staple fibers is provided with an electrolessly deposited nickel layer as described above.
  • This metallized textile fabric is particularly suitable as a recognition material, e.g. as a cross for search helicopters. Because of its light weight, it can easily be carried on expeditions.
  • a polyester-cotton blend consisting of 65% by weight of polyester staple fibers based on polyethylene terephthalate and 35% by weight of cotton, shows the reflection losses in dB given below with a 0.7 ⁇ m thick nickel layer.
  • This metallized material is suitable for tents, backpacks or clothing for skiers and hikers.
  • the fabric has only become imperceptibly heavier due to the metallization; it has not lost its textile elastic properties. If you cover it with a soft PVC layer to make it rainproof, it can also be provided with warning colors. People who carry such backpacks or clothing can be found with radar equipment if they are lost in desert areas or on the tundra.
  • a balloon fabric for example made of a polyester filament yarn or nylon 6,6 fabric, is coated with an approximately 0.7 ⁇ m thick electroless nickel layer. Also receives. it has a protective coating made of PVC, rubber or polyurethane varnish. This subsequent lamination does not disturb the reflection assets of the fabrics. In line 1 the reflection losses in dB of this fabric are given if it is only provided with a 0.7 ⁇ m thick nickel layer, in line II the losses with an additional rubber coating.
  • a free balloon made of such material can be easily located using the on-board radar of a commercial aircraft.
  • the fabric can also be embedded as the last layer in polyester resin, which increases the radar location of gliders.
  • a polyamide or polyester filament yarn fabric is provided with an approximately 0.65 ⁇ m thick nickel layer.
  • line I of the table below the reflection losses are given in dB, by lamination with a pVC coating (line 11) or with a polyethylene coating (line 111) the reflectivity of the metallized tissue is practically unchanged.
  • This metallic fabric can be used to produce life jackets in an advantageous manner, which can also be provided with the prescribed warning color RAL 2005.
  • the fabric can also be attached to life rafts. When the fabric is attached to the mast tips of sailboats, they are easier to locate with radar without the sailboat becoming top-heavy.
  • a further advantage of the metallized, textile fabrics can be that they can be heated electrically.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Decoration Of Textiles (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Utilisation de corps plans textiles métallisés en polymères synthétiques ou en coton, dans lesquels du nickel, après activation des corps plans textiles, a été précipité par voie chimique humide en l'absence de courant sur ceux-ci en une épaisseur de couche métallique sur le monofil entre 0,0'2 et 2,5 µm, comme matériau réfléchissant pour rayonnement de micro-ondes et haute fréquence dans la gamme de 0,01 à 1000 GHz.
2. Utilisation de corps plans texti'les métallisés selon la revendication 1, caractérisée par une couche métallique supplémentaire, de préférence d'or, qui à été déposée en l'absence de courant par voie chimique humide.
3. Utilisation de corps plans textiles métallisés selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisée par une largeur de maille inférieure à un dixième de la longueur d'onde du rayonnement à réfléchir.
4. Utilisation de corps plans textiles métallisés selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée par une couche métallique appliquée supplémentairement par galvanoplastie en une épaisseur allant jusqu'à 1 µm sur le monofil.
5. Utilisation de corps plans textiles métallisés selon les revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée par une couche protectrice sur le corps plan textile.
6. Utilisation de corps plans textiles métallisés selon les revendications 1 à 5 comme réflecteurs, dans lesquels par un étirage mono- ou biaxial des corps plans textiles le degré de polarisation du rayonnement réfléchi est modifié.
7. Utilisation de corps plans textiles métallisés selon la revendication 6, comme réflecteurs variables, l'étirage mécanique étant fonction du temps.
EP79104077A 1978-11-02 1979-10-22 Utilisation d'un tissu métallisé comme réflecteur de micro-ondes Expired EP0010711B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT79104077T ATE989T1 (de) 1978-11-02 1979-10-22 Verwendung von metallisierten, textilen flaechengebilden als reflexionsmedien fuer mikrowellen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19782847485 DE2847485A1 (de) 1978-11-02 1978-11-02 Verwendung von metallisierten, textilen flaechengebilden als reflexionsmedien fuer mikrowellen
DE2847485 1978-11-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0010711A1 EP0010711A1 (fr) 1980-05-14
EP0010711B1 true EP0010711B1 (fr) 1982-05-05

Family

ID=6053652

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP79104077A Expired EP0010711B1 (fr) 1978-11-02 1979-10-22 Utilisation d'un tissu métallisé comme réflecteur de micro-ondes

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US4320403A (fr)
EP (1) EP0010711B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS5566106A (fr)
AT (1) ATE989T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE2847485A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3347389A1 (de) * 1983-12-29 1986-02-20 Ballonfabrik See- und Luftausrüstung GmbH & Co KG, 8900 Augsburg Vorrichtung zur reflexion von radarwellen fuer ortungszwecke
DE3631696A1 (de) * 1986-09-18 1988-04-07 Wilde Membran Impuls Tech Metallisiertes, textiles flaechengebilde als schirmschutz gegen elektromagnetische strahlung bei elektrischen und elektronischen geraeten und bauteilen
DE3633257A1 (de) * 1986-09-30 1988-05-05 Wilde Membran Impuls Tech Metallisiertes, textiles flaechengebilde als schirmschutz gegen elektromagnetische strahlung und brandschutz bei gegenstaenden, insbesondere elektrischen und elektronischen geraeten und bauteilen sowie raeumen

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DE3017204A1 (de) * 1980-05-06 1981-11-12 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zum beschichten von flaechengebilden aus metallisierten textilfasern und deren verwendung fuer die herstellung von mikrowellen reflektierenden gegenstaenden
DE3141118A1 (de) * 1981-10-16 1983-04-28 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verfahren zur reflexion hochfrequenter mikrowellen
DE3146233A1 (de) * 1981-11-21 1983-05-26 Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen Verwendung metallisierter netzgewirke als augenschutz gegen mikrowellenstrahlung
US4549187A (en) * 1982-04-05 1985-10-22 Lockheed Missiles & Space Company, Inc. Metallic coated and lubricated amorphous silica yarn used as a mesh antenna reflector
DE3247652A1 (de) * 1982-12-23 1984-06-28 Hasso Von Bluecher Verfahren zum dekontaminieren von textilen flaechengebilden
US5209887A (en) * 1985-03-21 1993-05-11 Bluecher Hubert Process for manufacturing microspherules of activated carbon
DE3510209A1 (de) * 1985-03-21 1986-09-25 Hasso von 4000 Düsseldorf Blücher Mikrokuegelchen aus aktivkohle und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung
JPS61239044A (ja) * 1985-04-11 1986-10-24 旭化成株式会社 導電性繊維材料
FR2601392B1 (fr) * 1986-07-08 1988-10-28 Corbiere Sa Procede pour la fabrication d'une etoffe textile a effets de paillettes.
US4987848A (en) * 1987-06-18 1991-01-29 Todd David P Radar reflecting safety flag
GB8723861D0 (en) * 1987-10-10 1988-01-27 Lantor Uk Ltd Improvements in or relating to non-woven fabrics
US5283592A (en) * 1990-12-05 1994-02-01 General Electric Co. Antenna sunshield membrane
GB2256529B (en) * 1991-04-02 1995-08-16 Marconi Electronic Devices Antenna arrangements
GB9107003D0 (en) * 1991-04-04 1991-05-22 Chemring Ltd Inflatable marine radar reflector
CA2073783A1 (fr) * 1992-03-12 1993-09-13 Kimberly-Clark Corporation Tissu elastomere metallise et methode de fabrication connexe
US5570476A (en) * 1995-02-16 1996-11-05 Olive; Bruce B. Head cover providing selective radiation shielding
DE19716612A1 (de) * 1997-04-21 1998-10-22 Raetz Walter Signalübertragungselement für den Einbau in elastomeren Fördereinrichtungen
JP3471617B2 (ja) * 1997-09-30 2003-12-02 三菱電機株式会社 平面アンテナ装置
US6374413B1 (en) * 2000-08-14 2002-04-23 Terence Magee Radar reflective garment
DE20021700U1 (de) * 2000-12-22 2001-03-01 Heine, Götz, 87719 Mindelheim Bekleidungselement
US6606247B2 (en) * 2001-05-31 2003-08-12 Alien Technology Corporation Multi-feature-size electronic structures
DE10149645C1 (de) * 2001-10-09 2003-01-23 Thueringisches Inst Textil Verfahren zur Herstellung elektrisch leitfähiger Polymerverbunde mit elektromagnetisch abschirmender Funktion
DE102007055725A1 (de) * 2007-12-06 2009-06-10 Basf Se Mehrlagiges Material, umfassend mindestens zwei metallisierte Schichten auf mindestens einem Textil, und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US9362618B2 (en) * 2012-10-18 2016-06-07 William P. Alberth, Jr. Radio frequency shielded clothing
US11455883B2 (en) 2020-06-03 2022-09-27 William P. Alberth, Jr. Method and apparatus for providing radio-frequency shielding information
US11132595B1 (en) 2020-06-03 2021-09-28 William P. Alberth, Jr. Method and apparatus for providing radio-frequency shielding information

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US2750321A (en) * 1951-09-04 1956-06-12 Raymond De Icer And Engineerin Antennas and material for fabrication thereof
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US2936453A (en) * 1957-07-02 1960-05-10 Henri P Coleman Passive reflector
US3047860A (en) * 1957-11-27 1962-07-31 Austin B Swallow Two ply electromagnetic energy reflecting fabric
GB838250A (en) * 1958-01-15 1960-06-22 Nat Res Dev Improvements in pneumatically inflatable radar reflectors
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DE1791564U (de) * 1959-03-20 1959-07-02 Ver Seidenwebereien A G Radarempfindliches zieltuch.
US3466360A (en) * 1965-12-27 1969-09-09 Gen Electric Method of making frequency-stabilized metal-clad laminates and article
US3587098A (en) * 1968-10-11 1971-06-22 Us Navy Lightweight reflecting material for radar antennas
US3969731A (en) * 1970-02-11 1976-07-13 Hughes Aircraft Company Mesh articles particularly for use as reflectors of radio waves
US3721983A (en) * 1970-06-08 1973-03-20 O Sherer Signal balloon
DE7129544U (de) * 1971-08-02 1972-02-17 Diehl F & Co Leuchtstoffgewebebahn -folie oder dgl.
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3347389A1 (de) * 1983-12-29 1986-02-20 Ballonfabrik See- und Luftausrüstung GmbH & Co KG, 8900 Augsburg Vorrichtung zur reflexion von radarwellen fuer ortungszwecke
DE3631696A1 (de) * 1986-09-18 1988-04-07 Wilde Membran Impuls Tech Metallisiertes, textiles flaechengebilde als schirmschutz gegen elektromagnetische strahlung bei elektrischen und elektronischen geraeten und bauteilen
DE3633257A1 (de) * 1986-09-30 1988-05-05 Wilde Membran Impuls Tech Metallisiertes, textiles flaechengebilde als schirmschutz gegen elektromagnetische strahlung und brandschutz bei gegenstaenden, insbesondere elektrischen und elektronischen geraeten und bauteilen sowie raeumen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4420757A (en) 1983-12-13
DE2847485A1 (de) 1980-05-14
ATE989T1 (de) 1982-05-15
EP0010711A1 (fr) 1980-05-14
JPS5566106A (en) 1980-05-19
DE2962730D1 (en) 1982-06-24
US4320403A (en) 1982-03-16
JPS631762B2 (fr) 1988-01-14

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