EP0000562A1 - Zweischichtiger Bodenbelag in Sandwichbauweise für Spiel-und Sportanlagen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung - Google Patents
Zweischichtiger Bodenbelag in Sandwichbauweise für Spiel-und Sportanlagen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung Download PDFInfo
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- EP0000562A1 EP0000562A1 EP78100467A EP78100467A EP0000562A1 EP 0000562 A1 EP0000562 A1 EP 0000562A1 EP 78100467 A EP78100467 A EP 78100467A EP 78100467 A EP78100467 A EP 78100467A EP 0000562 A1 EP0000562 A1 EP 0000562A1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- floor covering
- layer
- polyethylene foam
- covering according
- cross
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
- A63C19/00—Design or layout of playing courts, rinks, bowling greens or areas for water-skiing; Covers therefor
- A63C19/04—Mats or carpets for courts
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
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- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
- E01C13/04—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
- E01C13/045—Pavings made of prefabricated single units the prefabricated single units consisting of or including bitumen, rubber or plastics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Definitions
- the invention relates to a two-layer floor covering in sandwich construction, consisting of a plastic underlayer and an upper layer made of synthetic high polymer fibers.
- Elasticity - surface slidability also plays a crucial role in stressing the human musculoskeletal system.
- High sliding friction or slip resistance blocks foot movement and thus increases the strain on the musculoskeletal system, which can lead to sprains or meniscus injuries, for example.
- the object on which the invention is based is therefore to develop a floor covering, in particular for sports purposes, and to develop a process for its production which can be easily manufactured and economically installed and maintained while avoiding the disadvantages mentioned above.
- a covering has been a requirement of sports doctors and, above all, athletes for years. Even so, it is not yet managed to produce an appropriate floor covering.
- the production of the two-layer floor covering in a sandwich construction is characterized in that the two layers are connected to one another in a web shape by means of flame welding.
- the flame welding process which is normally used for laminating, enables, in contrast to the adhesives commonly used for sandwich flooring, to achieve a durability and weather resistance that is many times higher than when using adhesives.
- adhesives causes the textile material to harden, which severely affects the service life of the covering.
- Laying in sheets or panels also saves a lot of work compared to the liquid introduction of materials (such as in CH patent 565 575).
- the tread top layer 1 consists of a fleece made of synthetic propylene fibers, which has a needling 2 of at least 2 million punctures / m2. Depending on the type of sport, the needling required is between 2 million and 3.5 million punctures / m2, although for tennis courts, for example, a needling of 3 million punctures / m2 has proven to be advantageous.
- the top layer is permeable to water, weatherproof and rot-proof.
- This fleece 1 is now connected by means of the above-mentioned flame welding without an adhesive layer or any other intermediate layer with a closed-cell polyethylene foam 3, the air-filled d
- the high level of surefootedness required by competitive athletes normally requires high sliding friction with the disadvantages mentioned above.
- the covering produced according to the invention enables a high level of surefootedness, even on wet floors, but reduces the sliding friction due to the high needling of the textile surface and the damping effect of the closed-cell underlayer.
- the air trapped in the cells of the lower layer provides very good shock absorption when the foot impacts, as is the case today only with natural underlays such as lawn or sand.
- the musculoskeletal system is not burdened by a catapult-like recoil and is thus excessively stressed. Thanks to the absorption of the pressure by the lower layer, there is also a greatly increased resistance to abrasion of the step top layer.
- the lower layer has a thickness of 5.5 mm, the upper layer 6 mm.
- the lower layer preferably has a density of 30 kg / m3. Specifically, this is achieved, for example, with the Trocellen PE foam developed by Dynamit Nobel.
- the water permeability of the surface is an absolute requirement for the use of this surface in outdoor sports facilities. Since the polyethylene foam is impermeable to water, an appropriate solution had to be found here. This consists of perforating the polyethylene foam (5), which gives it water permeability. Very good results were achieved with a hole diameter of 4 to 5 mm and a hole spacing of 2o to 3o mm.
- the shock-absorbing effect of the covering according to the invention in connection with the high sliding security predestine it for use in school buildings and public buildings as well as for walkways and driveways all the more as the sound and heat insulating properties are excellent.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Floor Finish (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein zweischichtiger Bodenbelag in Sandwichbauweise, bestehend aus einer Kunststoff-Unterschicht und einer Oberschicht aus synthetischen Hochpolymerfasern.
- Es gibt eine ganze Reihe verschiedener Kunststoffbeläge, die beim Bau von Sportanlagen verwendet werden, wie z.B. Tartan. Es ist unbestritten, dass durch den Einsatz solcher Kunststoffbeläge die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Sportanlagen stark verbessert wird und infolge der physikalischen Eigenschaften dieser Böden sehr oft bedeutende Leistungssteigerungen erzielt werden. Diese Beläge sind zudem wartungsfrei, relativ witterungsbeständig und besitzen eine gute Abriebfestigkeit.
- Weil die heutigen Kunststoffbeläge durch Einschluss von Altgummischnitzeln oder Kunststoffgranulat eine Elastizität ohne Dämpfungseffekt aufweisen (vgl. z.B. CH Patentschriften Nr. 5o3 504, 547 915, 550 o14 und 565 575), ist es bis heute trotz vielen Veröffentlichungen von bedeutenden Fachleuten nicht gelungen, die nachgewiesenermassen gesundheitsschädlichen Auswirkungen von Kunststoffbelägen zu eliminieren. Die als Kunststoffsyndrom bezeichneten Auswirkungen auf den menschlichen Bewegungsapparat verursachen verschiedenartigste Ueberlastungsschäden wie auch eine Steigerung der Unfallgefahr. In einer breit angelegten Untersuchung von Prof. Dr. med. L.Prokop, Oesterr. Institut für Sportmedizin; Wien, wird festgestellt, dass "die Verwendung von Kunststoffbahnen für Training und Wettkampf mit Sicherheit eine Zunahme bestimmter pathologischer Effekte bewirkt". In die oben erwähnte Untersuchung wurde mehr als 3o verschiedene Kunststoffbeläge einbezogen und u.a. auch auf die für die gesundheitlichen Schädigungen relevanten Parameter untersucht. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass beispielsweise die isolierte Betrachtung der Elastizitätswerte zu Fehlschlüssen führt, da Elastizität nur zusammen mit der Dämpfung beurteilt werden soll. Entscheidend ist dabei die Beanspruchung des Fusses in seiner Funktion als Stossdämpfer. Auf unelastischem hartem Boden wird die Stossdämpferfunktion des Fusses maximal beansprucht, aber auch auf elastischem Boden ist diese Beanspruchung hoch, da durch die Elastizität die auftretenden Kräfte vom Boden durch Rückstoss katapultartig auf den Fuss zurückübertragen werden. Gleichzeitig werden, wie Herr Dr.med. B. Segesser von der orthopädischen Universitätsklinik Felix-Platter-Spital, Basel, in seinem Artikel "Die Belastung des Bewegungsapparats auf Kunststoffböden" feststellt, beim Auftreten des Fusses am Kunststoffbelag Eigenschwingungen von 80 - loo Hz ausgelöst die zusätzlich vom Fuss und seinen die Stabilität sichernden Muskeln und Sehnen aufgefangen und gedämpft werden müssen. Neben der Dämpfungswirkung des Belages - und nicht nur seiner
- Elastizität - spielt auch die Oberflächengleitfähigkeit eine entscheidende Rolle bezüglich der Beanspruchung des menschlichen Bewegungsapparates. Hohe Gleitreibung oder Rutschfestigkeit blockiert die Fussbewegung und erhöht so die Beanspruchung des Bewegungsapparats, was beispielsweise zu Verstauchungen oder Meniskusverletzungen führen kann.
- In einer Untersuchung durch das Laboratorium für Biomechanik der Eidgenössischen Technischen Hochschule, Zürich, (Dr. B. Nigg) wurde die Belastung des menschlichen Bewegungsapparats durch verschiedene Bodenbeläge untersucht. Dabei schnitt der Kunststoffbelag am schlechtesten ab; die Mittelwerte lagen etwas höher als bei Asphalt und 81 % höher als bei Rasen sowie 4o % höher als bei der konventionellen Aschenbahn.
- Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe besteht deshalb darin, einen Bodenbelag, insbesondere für Sportzwecke, sowie ein Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung zu entwickeln, der unter Vermeidung der oben erwähnten Nachteile einfach herstellbar und wirtschaftlich verlegt und unterhalten werden kann. Ein solcher Belag ist seit Jahren eine Forderung der Sportmediziner und vor allem der Sportler. Trotzdem ist es bis jetzt nicht gelungen, einen entsprechenden Bodenbelag herzustellen.
- Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch die Kombination eines geschlossenzelligen, vernetzten Polyäthylen-Schaumstoffes, der ein max. Raumgewicht von 35 kg/m3 aufweist, mit einem als Oberschicht dienenden Vlies aus synthetischen Hochpolymerfasern, das eine Nadelung von mindestens 2 Millionen Einstichen pro m2 aufweist, wobei Ober- und Unterschicht mindestens je 5 mm dick sein müssen.
- Die Herstellung des zweischichtigen Bodenbelags in Sandwichbauweise ist erfindungsgemäss dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Schichten bahnförmig mittels Flammschweissen miteinander verbunden werden.
- Das Flammschweissverfahren, das normalerweise bei Kaschierungen verwendet wird, ermöglicht es, im Gegensatz etwa zu den üblicherweise bei Bodenbelägen in Sandwichbauweise verwendeten Klebern, eine Haltbarkeit und Witterungsbeständigkeit zu erreichen, die um ein Vielfaches höher liegt als bei Verwendung von Klebstoffen. Entscheidend ist aber auch, dass der Einsatz von Klebstoffen eine Verhärtung des textilen Materials zur Folge hat, wodurch die Lebensdauer des Belages stark beeinträchtigt wird. Das Verlegen in Bahnen oder Platten bringt zudem eine wesentliche Arbeitseinsparung gegenüber dem verflüssigtem Einbringen von Materialien (wie z.B. in der CH Patentschrift 565 575).
- Anhand einer Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemässen zweischichtigen Bodenbelags in Sandwichbauweise rein schematisch im Quertschnitt dargestellt und nachstehend erläutert.
- Die Trittoberschicht 1 besteht aus einem Vlies aus synthetischen Pclypropylenfasern, das eine Nadelung 2 von mindestens 2 Millionen Einstichen/m2 aufweist. Je nach Sportart liegt die notwendige Vernadelung bei 2 Millionen bis 3,5 Millionen Einstichen/m2, wobei sich beispielsweise für Tennisplätze eine Nadelung von 3 Millionen Einstichen/m2 als vorteilhaft erwiesen hat. Die Trittoberschicht ist wasserdurchlässig, witterungs- und verrotungsfest.
- Dieses Vlies 1 wird nun mittels des oben erwähnten Flammschweissens ohne Klebeschicht oder irgend eine andere Zwischenschicht mit einem geschlossenzelligen Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff 3 verbunden, der luftgefüllte d
- Hohlräume 4 aufweist. Durch die Kombination der Schichten 1 und 3 mit Hilfe des oben erwähnten Verfahrens wird nun ein synergistischer Effekt inbezug auf die Gebrauchstüchtigkeit des Verbundmaterials erreicht, der in verschiedener Hinsicht verblüffend ist.
- Die von Leistungssportlern geforderte hohe Trittsicherheit erfordert normalerweise eine hohe Gleitreibung mit den oben genannten Nachteilen. Der erfindungsgemäss hergestellte Belag ermöglicht, selbst bei nassem Boden, eine hohe Trittsicherheit, mindert aber die Gleitreibung durch die hohe Vernadelung der textilen Oberfläche und die dämpfende Wirkung der geschlossenzelligen Unterschicht. Im Gegensatz zu den heutigen Kurststoffbelägen bewirkt die in den Zellen der Unterschicht eingeschlossene Luft eine sehr gute Stossdämpfung beim Aufprall des Fusses, wie dies heute nur bei natürlichen Unterlagen wie beispielsweise Rasen oder Sand der Fall ist. Insbesondere wird der Bewegungsapparat nicht durch einen katapultartigen Rückstoss belastet und so übermässig beansprucht. Dank der Absorption des Druckes durch die Unterschicht ergibt sich zudem eine stark erhöhte Abriebfestigkeit der Trittoberschicht.
- Nach einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Unterschicht eine Dicke von 5,5 mm auf, die Oberschicht eine solche von 6 mm.
- Um einen möglichst optimalen Dämpungseffekt ohne.entsprechende Leistungseinbusse zu erhalten, weist die Unterschicht vorzugsweise ein Raumgewicht von 3o kg/m3 auf. Konkret wird dies beispielsweise mit dem von Dynamit Nobel entwickelten PE-Schaumstoff Trocellen erreicht.
- Für die Anwendung dieses Belages in Freiluftsportstätten ist die Wasserdurchlässigkeit des Belages eine unbedingte Voraussetzung. Da der Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff wasserundurchlässig ist, musste hier eine entsprechende Lösung gefunden werden. Diese besteht darin, den Polyäthylen-Schaumstoff zu perforieren (5), womit die Wasserdurchlässigkeit gegeben ist. Sehr gute Resultate wurden erzielt mit einem Lochdurchmesser von 4 bis 5 mm und einem Lochabstand von 2o bis 3o mm.
- Hier zeigt sich ein weiterer bedeutender Vorteil des Flamirschweissverfahrens gegenüber der Verwendung von Klebstoffen, indem die Haftfestigkeit nicht abhängig ist vom Verhältnis der verklebten Fläche zur freien Fläche (wie beispielsweise in der CH Patentschrift Nr. 55o 014 beschrieben), denn der Forderung nach Haftfestigkeit, d.h. möglichst grossem Anteil an verklebter Fläche ist die Forderung nach Wasserdurchlässigkeit, d.h. möglichst wenig verklebter Fläche, diametral entgegengesetzt.
- Die Wasserdurchlässigkeit beeinflusst stark die Benützbarkeit des Bodens nach Regenfall, was beispielsweise für Tennisplätze von entscheidender Bedeutung ist. Es wurden deshalb Versuche auf verschiedenen Unterbaumaterialien durchgeführt (poröser und glatter Beton; rauher, poröser und glatter Asphalt; poröser Zement und Zement-Formsteine). Alle diese Versuche ergaben selbst bei nassem Belag eine gute Bespielbarkeit und zeigten zudem eine ausgezeichnete Wasserdurchlässigkeit ohne Beeinträchtigung der synergistischen Effekte des Verbundbelages.
- Die stossdämpfende Wirkung des erfindungsgemässen Belages in Verbindung mit der hohen Gleitsicherheit prädestinieren ihn aber auch für den Einsatz in Schulhäusern und öffentlichen Gebäuden sowie für Geh- und Fahrwege, dies um so mehr, als auch die schall- und wärmeisolierenden Eigenschaften ausgezeichnet sind.
Claims (7)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH9256/77 | 1977-07-25 | ||
| CH925677A CH616802GA3 (de) | 1977-07-25 | 1977-07-25 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0000562A1 true EP0000562A1 (de) | 1979-02-07 |
| EP0000562B1 EP0000562B1 (de) | 1981-11-11 |
Family
ID=4350025
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP78100467A Expired EP0000562B1 (de) | 1977-07-25 | 1978-07-21 | Zweischichtiger Bodenbelag in Sandwichbauweise für Spiel-und Sportanlagen und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4199639A (de) |
| EP (1) | EP0000562B1 (de) |
| CH (1) | CH616802GA3 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE2861311D1 (de) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2600348A1 (fr) * | 1986-06-23 | 1987-12-24 | Brumelot Philippe | Panneaux pour revetements de sols, notamment pour terrains de sport, et leur procede d'assemblage |
| FR2621056A1 (fr) * | 1987-09-28 | 1989-03-31 | Thomasson Darrouy Ges | Revetement de sol a structure composite destine notamment a la realisation de pistes ou surfaces de sport |
Families Citing this family (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4480715A (en) * | 1981-03-30 | 1984-11-06 | Brooks George E | Sight and sound barrier |
| US4350726A (en) * | 1981-07-30 | 1982-09-21 | Berry Jr French J | Protective pad for backpacks |
| US4464428A (en) * | 1981-12-09 | 1984-08-07 | Firma Carl Freudenberg | Closed cell foamed material having interior canals filled with substances |
| US4469740A (en) * | 1983-02-28 | 1984-09-04 | Bailly Richard Louis | Foam plastic material with moisture removing properties |
| DE8336302U1 (de) * | 1983-12-17 | 1984-05-10 | Dynamit Nobel Ag, 5210 Troisdorf | Haengematte |
| US4822669A (en) * | 1987-08-21 | 1989-04-18 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Absorbent floor mat |
| US5585058A (en) * | 1991-04-30 | 1996-12-17 | The Dow Chemical Company | Method for providing accelerated release of a blowing agent from a plastic foam |
| US5776390A (en) * | 1992-12-15 | 1998-07-07 | Scriptoria N.V. | Method of forming boards of foam polyolefin using needle punching to release blowing agent |
| DE9306776U1 (de) | 1993-05-05 | 1994-09-22 | Longlife Teppichboden Berndt Cleven GmbH & Co, 41334 Nettetal | Velours-Teppichfliese |
| GB2347450B (en) * | 1999-02-16 | 2004-06-30 | Roy Brereton Chant | Resilient surface |
| IT250224Y1 (it) * | 2000-05-31 | 2003-07-28 | Paola Lenti S R L | Elemento modulare di rivestimento per pavimenti pareti e simili |
| US7065943B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2006-06-27 | Eastwest International (Taiwan) Enterprises | Stirrup with footrest having a gas filled shock absorber |
| US6766632B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2004-07-27 | Eastwest International (Taiwan) Enterprises | Stirrup with relatively movable footrest and hanger |
| US7328562B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2008-02-12 | Chia Wei Chang | Stirrup with gas-filled shock absorber |
| US7114315B2 (en) * | 2002-01-25 | 2006-10-03 | Eastwest International (Taiwan) Enterprises | Nonslip article for a stirrup |
| US7452586B2 (en) * | 2004-08-02 | 2008-11-18 | Polyair Corporation | Floor covering |
| AT510977B1 (de) * | 2010-12-23 | 2012-08-15 | Kirchdorfer Fertigteilholding Gmbh | Schallschutzbauteil |
| CN103103906A (zh) * | 2011-11-11 | 2013-05-15 | 西南交通大学 | 盛装舞步骑术赛场地地面 |
| GB2497964A (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2013-07-03 | Playsmart Internat Ltd | Impact absorbing system for surfaces |
| GB2582958C2 (en) | 2019-04-11 | 2025-10-01 | Altro Ltd | Ventilating synthetic floor covering |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1368083A (en) * | 1972-05-03 | 1974-09-25 | Monsanto Ltd | Pile-bearing materials |
| GB1415852A (en) * | 1972-02-04 | 1975-11-26 | Hairlok Ltd | Textile laminates |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3360421A (en) * | 1963-05-10 | 1967-12-26 | Du Pont | Bonded nonwoven backing material having perforate selvage and carpet made therefrom |
| GB1089563A (en) * | 1964-11-23 | 1967-11-01 | Monsanto Chemicals | Improvements relating to carpets |
| US3837988A (en) * | 1967-10-19 | 1974-09-24 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Composite mat |
| US3567565A (en) * | 1967-11-09 | 1971-03-02 | Burlington Industries Inc | Laminate of foam and stitch bonded fabric |
| BE757623A (fr) * | 1969-10-17 | 1971-04-01 | Bayer Ag | Revetement de sol textile perfectionne |
| US3635786A (en) * | 1970-01-19 | 1972-01-18 | Beacon Mfg Co | Laminated nonwoven fabric utilizing a foam layer and a stitched fibrous layer |
| US3649427A (en) * | 1970-03-12 | 1972-03-14 | Beacon Mfg Co | Stitched self-bonded nonwoven fabric |
| US3994759A (en) * | 1970-07-23 | 1976-11-30 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Needled nonwoven material and method for making same |
| US4007307A (en) * | 1970-10-17 | 1977-02-08 | J. F. Adolff Ag | Artificial lawn |
| US3755062A (en) * | 1971-07-21 | 1973-08-28 | Grace W R & Co | Fabric formed by heat sealing, shrinking and foaming backing |
| US3968290A (en) * | 1973-05-16 | 1976-07-06 | Armstrong Cork Company | Non-woven fabric floor |
| DE2502025A1 (de) * | 1974-02-08 | 1975-08-14 | Leuna Werke Veb | Textilbodenbelag mit thermoplastschaum-unterboden und ein verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
-
1977
- 1977-07-25 CH CH925677A patent/CH616802GA3/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1978
- 1978-07-10 US US05/923,386 patent/US4199639A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1978-07-21 DE DE7878100467T patent/DE2861311D1/de not_active Expired
- 1978-07-21 EP EP78100467A patent/EP0000562B1/de not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1415852A (en) * | 1972-02-04 | 1975-11-26 | Hairlok Ltd | Textile laminates |
| GB1368083A (en) * | 1972-05-03 | 1974-09-25 | Monsanto Ltd | Pile-bearing materials |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2600348A1 (fr) * | 1986-06-23 | 1987-12-24 | Brumelot Philippe | Panneaux pour revetements de sols, notamment pour terrains de sport, et leur procede d'assemblage |
| FR2621056A1 (fr) * | 1987-09-28 | 1989-03-31 | Thomasson Darrouy Ges | Revetement de sol a structure composite destine notamment a la realisation de pistes ou surfaces de sport |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH616802B (de) | |
| CH616802GA3 (de) | 1980-04-30 |
| EP0000562B1 (de) | 1981-11-11 |
| DE2861311D1 (en) | 1982-01-14 |
| US4199639A (en) | 1980-04-22 |
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