EP0000551A1 - Polyurethane resins containing thio groups and process for their preparation - Google Patents
Polyurethane resins containing thio groups and process for their preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0000551A1 EP0000551A1 EP78100451A EP78100451A EP0000551A1 EP 0000551 A1 EP0000551 A1 EP 0000551A1 EP 78100451 A EP78100451 A EP 78100451A EP 78100451 A EP78100451 A EP 78100451A EP 0000551 A1 EP0000551 A1 EP 0000551A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- molecular weight
- diamines
- polyisocyanates
- compounds
- optionally
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 125000004149 thio group Chemical group *S* 0.000 title description 3
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 title 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229920001228 polyisocyanate Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000005056 polyisocyanate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004970 Chain extender Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- -1 aromatic radical Chemical class 0.000 claims description 43
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 5
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 4
- 125000004103 aminoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 39
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Inorganic materials [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 26
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzothiazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2SC=NC2=C1 IOJUPLGTWVMSFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 13
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 11
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 8
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 7
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 7
- LMDSRNVPJZWPQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminopropylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical compound CC(N)CSC1=CC=CC=C1N LMDSRNVPJZWPQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aniline Chemical compound NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 6
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 5
- 229920006295 polythiol Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- BXAMVNHBXFXFSK-LXTVHRRPSA-N (1r,2r,3r,4s)-2-n,2-n,3-n,3-n-tetraethylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxamide Chemical compound C1[C@@H]2C=C[C@H]1[C@@H](C(=O)N(CC)CC)[C@@H]2C(=O)N(CC)CC BXAMVNHBXFXFSK-LXTVHRRPSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JXECYBKVKROWIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(6-aminohexylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical compound NCCCCCCSC1=CC=CC=C1N JXECYBKVKROWIC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC(N=C=O)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 UPMLOUAZCHDJJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Natural products CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl urethane Chemical compound CCOC(N)=O JOYRKODLDBILNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetraethylene glycol, Natural products OCCOCCOCCOCCO UWHCKJMYHZGTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane Chemical compound CCC(CO)(CO)CO ZJCCRDAZUWHFQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JJLKTTCRRLHVGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L [acetyloxy(dibutyl)stannyl] acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCCC[Sn+2]CCCC JJLKTTCRRLHVGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000921 elemental analysis Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229950007989 endomide Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea group Chemical group NC(=O)N XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- CGWHTIPFEYUHGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-amino-2-methylpropyl)sulfanylaniline Chemical compound CC(C)(N)CSC1=CC=CC=C1N CGWHTIPFEYUHGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- IBOFVQJTBBUKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-methylene-bis-(2-chloroaniline) Chemical compound C1=C(Cl)C(N)=CC=C1CC1=CC=C(N)C(Cl)=C1 IBOFVQJTBBUKMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- KYXHKHDZJSDWEF-LHLOQNFPSA-N CCCCCCC1=C(CCCCCC)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)CC1 Chemical compound CCCCCCC1=C(CCCCCC)C(\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O)C(CCCCCCCC(O)=O)CC1 KYXHKHDZJSDWEF-LHLOQNFPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylmorpholine Chemical compound CN1CCOCC1 SJRJJKPEHAURKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical group C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric Acid Chemical compound N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2=C1NC(=O)N2 LEHOTFFKMJEONL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Uric acid Natural products N1C(=O)NC(=O)C2NC(=O)NC21 TVWHNULVHGKJHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000005442 diisocyanate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229940116269 uric acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (+/-)-1,3-Butanediol Chemical compound CC(O)CCO PUPZLCDOIYMWBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2,6-Hexanetriol Chemical compound OCCCCC(O)CO ZWVMLYRJXORSEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene Chemical compound O=C=NC1=CC=C(N=C=O)C=C1 ALQLPWJFHRMHIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ILXPHOGMPYROMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(12-aminododecylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical compound NCCCCCCCCCCCCSC1=CC=CC=C1N ILXPHOGMPYROMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NFVDQSDDOMQDGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical compound NCCSC1=CC=CC=C1N NFVDQSDDOMQDGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGPNMKFITGRRLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-aminopropylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical compound NCCCSC1=CC=CC=C1N RGPNMKFITGRRLM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RFYWMCZFNUJIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(4-aminobutylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical compound NCCCCSC1=CC=CC=C1N RFYWMCZFNUJIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BXTJYBXJLJAXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(5-aminohexylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical compound CC(N)CCCCSC1=CC=CC=C1N BXTJYBXJLJAXLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BWGNSCRYSIFQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(5-aminopentylsulfanyl)aniline Chemical compound NCCCCCSC1=CC=CC=C1N BWGNSCRYSIFQQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCC(C)CO QWGRWMMWNDWRQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N D-Glucitol Natural products OC[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-FSIIMWSLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N D-Mannitol Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-KVTDHHQDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N D-glucitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO FBPFZTCFMRRESA-JGWLITMVSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen bromide Chemical compound Br CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930195725 Mannitol Natural products 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sodium methoxide Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C WQDUMFSSJAZKTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001414 amino alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000022 bacteriostatic agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical group NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbodiimide group Chemical group N=C=N VPKDCDLSJZCGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 2
- JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyclohexanone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCC1 JHIVVAPYMSGYDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229960001760 dimethyl sulfoxide Drugs 0.000 description 2
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001408 fungistatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanate group Chemical group [N-]=C=O IQPQWNKOIGAROB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N isocyanuric acid Chemical group OC1=NC(O)=NC(O)=N1 ZFSLODLOARCGLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isophthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000594 mannitol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010355 mannitol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O BDJRBEYXGGNYIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006149 polyester-amide block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920000909 polytetrahydrofuran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003225 polyurethane elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003226 polyurethane urea Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound OCCCO YPFDHNVEDLHUCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006894 reductive elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003303 reheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- NESLWCLHZZISNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium phenolate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C1=CC=CC=C1 NESLWCLHZZISNB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003871 sulfonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003460 sulfonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000005622 tetraalkylammonium hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachlorophthalic anhydride Chemical compound ClC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=C1Cl AUHHYELHRWCWEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiodiglycol Chemical compound OCCSCCO YODZTKMDCQEPHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950006389 thiodiglycol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin(4+) Chemical class [Sn+4] SYRHIZPPCHMRIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylenediamine Chemical compound C1CN2CCN1CC2 IMNIMPAHZVJRPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003673 urethanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N ε-Caprolactone Chemical compound O=C1CCCCCO1 PAPBSGBWRJIAAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/08—Processes
- C08G18/10—Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/30—Low-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/38—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen
- C08G18/3855—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having sulfur
- C08G18/3863—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having sulfur containing groups having sulfur atoms between two carbon atoms, the sulfur atoms being directly linked to carbon atoms or other sulfur atoms
- C08G18/3865—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having sulfur containing groups having sulfur atoms between two carbon atoms, the sulfur atoms being directly linked to carbon atoms or other sulfur atoms containing groups having one sulfur atom between two carbon atoms
- C08G18/3868—Low-molecular-weight compounds having heteroatoms other than oxygen having sulfur containing groups having sulfur atoms between two carbon atoms, the sulfur atoms being directly linked to carbon atoms or other sulfur atoms containing groups having one sulfur atom between two carbon atoms the sulfur atom belonging to a sulfide group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
Definitions
- the present invention relates to new polyurethane plastics which have been produced using optionally substituted, thio group-containing araliphatic diamines as chain extenders.
- the present invention is based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages of the known aromatic diamine chain extenders described above - such as toxicity and easy reductive or oxidative cleavage of the SS grouping - or of the polyurethane elastomers which can be prepared therefrom, and, moreover, of making available polyurethane reactive systems who have the advantage of solvent-free processing, longer pot life and shorter mold life.
- Products in which the urea group is in the ortho or meta position, particularly preferably in the ortho position, to the sulfur are preferred according to the invention.
- the present invention also has a process for the production of optionally cellular polyurethane plastics by reacting polyhydroxyl compounds of molecular weight 400 to 10,000 and optionally low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds with polyisocyanates and araliphatic diamines as chain extenders, if appropriate in the presence of catalysts, blowing agents and other additives known per se to the subject, which is characterized in that diamines of the general formula are used in which R 'and R "have the meaning given above.
- the araliphatic diamines in particular in which the amino group is in the o-position to the sulfur, can also be used in cast elastomer systems and foaming processes without the addition of organic solvents and thereby enable excellent processing conditions, both in the production of elastomers and during foaming .
- chain extenders to be used according to the invention are their easy accessibility and their generally liquid state or their low melting point at room temperature, which simplifies their use particularly since the diamines do not have to be melted before they are added to the reaction mixture, which additionally saves energy costs and the extraordinarily long pot life of the reacting PUR systems.
- araliphatic diamines in which the aromatic amino group is in the o-position to the sulfur.
- Diamines in which R "is H or methyl, in particular hydrogen, are also preferred.
- A denotes a straight-chain or branched aliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 2-20, preferably 2-12, particularly preferably 2-6 C atoms or an araliphatic hydrocarbon radical with 8 C atoms.
- X denotes Cl or Br, preferably Cl, while A has the meaning mentioned above.
- benzothiazole is heated with an at least stoichiometric amount (preferably an excess of 0-10 mol%) of an alkali or alkaline earth metal solution - preferably sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, very particularly preferably sodium hydroxide solution - and the haloalkylamine or that is added Derivative thereof then, preferably in the form of a solution in a suitable solvent, to the reaction mixture.
- the reactants are preferably reacted with one another in stoichiometric amounts. However, you can also work with an up to 10-fold excess of benzothiazole.
- Preferred solvents are water and lower alcohols; water and mixtures of water with methyl, ethyl or isopropyl alcohol are very particularly preferred.
- 200 to 5000 ml of solvent preferably 200 to 2000 ml of solvent, are generally used per mole of benzothiazole.
- the reaction temperature is in the range from 20 to 180 ° C., preferably in the range from 50 to 140 ° C., the range from 70 to 120 ° C. being very particularly preferred.
- the reaction time is in the range of 30 minutes to 10 hours. The range from 1 hour to 6 hours is preferred.
- the reaction pressure is 1 bar to 10 bar. Is preferably carried out at normal pressure; however, it may also be advantageous to operate at elevated pressure to accelerate the reaction.
- haloalkylamines of the above formula (II) in the preparation of compounds of the formula (I) are, on the one hand, the ammonium salts with mineral or organic acids and, on the other hand, amides with carboxylic acids or urethanes of the general formula
- R is an optionally branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- Preferred ammonium salts are those of hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic and oxalic acid or hydrogen bromide (particularly preferably of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid), preferably urethane that of tert-butyl alcohol.
- Polyhydroxyl compounds suitable for the process according to the invention have a molecular weight of approximately 400 to 10,000, preferably 600-4000. These are at least two, preferably 2 to 4, hydroxyl-containing polyesters, polyethers, polythioethers, polyacetals, polycarbonates and polyesteramides, such as the ones described are known per se for the production of homogeneous and cellular polyurethanes.
- the polyesters containing hydroxyl groups are, for example, reaction products of polyhydric, preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols with polyhydric, preferably two valuable carboxylic acids.
- polyhydric preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols with polyhydric, preferably two valuable carboxylic acids.
- the corresponding polycarboxylic anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof can also be used to produce the polyesters.
- the polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and / or heterocyclic in nature and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, and / or unsaturated.
- Examples include: succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic acid anhydride, malomic acid anhydride, endomide maleinic acid anhydride, endomide dimeric acid anhydride, endomethylene uric acid anhydride, endomide dimeric acid anhydride, endomethylene uric acid anhydride, endomide dimeric acid anhydride, endomethylene uric acid, in a mixture with monomeric fatty acids, terephthalic acid dimethyl ester and terephthalic acid bis-glycol ester.
- Polyhydric alcohols include, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,2) and - (1,3), butylene glycol (1,4) and - (2,3), hexanediol (1,6), octanediol (1, 8), neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4-bis-hydroxymethylcyclohexane), 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), butanetriol- (1,2,4 ), Trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, methylglycoside, also diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycols in question.
- the at least two, generally two to eight, preferably two to three, hydroxyl-containing polyethers which are suitable according to the invention are also of the type known per se and are obtained, for example, by polymerizing epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide or Epichlorohydrin with itself, for example in the presence of BF 3 , or by addition of these epoxides, if appropriate in a mixture or in succession, to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms such as water, alcohols, ammonia or amines, for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,3) or - (1,2), trimethylolpropane, 4,4'-dihydroxy-diphenylpropane, aniline, ethanolamine or ethylenediamine.
- epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene
- Sucrose polyethers such as are described, for example, in German publications 1 176 358 and 1 064 938, are also suitable according to the invention.
- Polyethers are preferred which predominantly (up to 90% by weight, based on all OH groups present in the polyether) have primary OH groups.
- Polyethers modified by vinyl polymers such as those obtained by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polyethers (American patents 3 383 351, 3 3 0 4 273, 3 523 093, 3 110 695, German patent 1 152 536) are suitable, as are polybutadienes containing OH groups.
- the condensation products of thiodiglycol with themselves and / or with other glycols, dicarboxylic acids, formaldehyde, aminocarboxylic acids or amino alcohols should be mentioned in particular.
- the products are polythio ether, polythio ether ester or polythio ether ester amide.
- polyacetals e.g. the compounds which can be prepared from glycols, such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 4,4'-dioxethoxydiphenyldimethylmethane, hexanediol and formaldehyde.
- glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 4,4'-dioxethoxydiphenyldimethylmethane, hexanediol and formaldehyde.
- Appropriate polyacetals can also be prepared according to the invention by polymerization of cyclic acetals.
- Suitable polycarbonates containing hydroxyl groups are those of the type known per se, which e.g. by reacting diols such as propanediol (1,3), butanediol (1,4) and / or hexanediol (1,6), diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol with diaryl carbonates, e.g. Diphenyl carbonate, or phosgene can be produced.
- diols such as propanediol (1,3), butanediol (1,4) and / or hexanediol (1,6)
- diethylene glycol triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol
- diaryl carbonates e.g. Diphenyl carbonate, or phosgene
- polyester amides and polyamides include e.g. the predominantly linear condensates obtained from polyvalent saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids or their anhydrides and polyvalent saturated and unsaturated amino alcohols, diamines, polyamines and their mixtures.
- Polyhydroxyl compounds already containing urethane or urea groups and optionally modified natural polyols such as castor oil, carbohydrates or starch can also be used.
- Addition products of alkylene oxides on phenol-formaldehyde resins or also on urea-formaldehyde resins can also be used according to the invention.
- Examples of such compounds are: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,2) and - (1,3), butylene glycol (1,4) and - (2,3), pentanediol- (1,5), hexanediol- (1,6), octanediol- (1,8), neopentyl glycol, 1,4-bishydroxymethyl-cyclohexane, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), tri methylolethane, pentaerythritol, quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight of up to 400, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols with a molecular weight of up to 400, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycol
- mixtures of different compounds with at least two hydroxyl groups with a molecular weight of 32-400 can be used.
- polyhydroxyl compounds can also be used in which high molecular weight polyadducts or polycondensates are contained in finely dispersed or dissolved form.
- modified polyhydroxyl compounds are obtained if polyaddition reactions (for example reactions between polyisocyanates and amino-functional compounds) or polycondensation reactions (for example between formaldehyde and phenols and / or amines) are carried out directly in situ in the above-mentioned compounds containing hydroxyl groups.
- aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates are described, for example, by W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, pages 75 to 136, for example ethylene diisocyanate, 1, 4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate, cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and -1,4-diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers, 1-isocyanato-3,3 , 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (DAS 1 202 785, American patent specification 3 401 190), 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluenediisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers, he
- diisocyanates as described in US Pat. No. 3,492,330, polyisocyanates containing allophanate groups, e.g. in the British patent specification 994 890, the Belgian patent specification 761 626 and the published Dutch patent application 7 102 524, polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups, e.g. in the American patent specification 3 001 973, in the German patent specifications 1 022 789, 1 222 067 and 1 027 394 as well as in the German patent publications 1 929 034 and 2 004 048, polyisocyanates containing urethane groups, such as those e.g.
- distillation residues obtained in the industrial production of isocyanate and containing isocyanate groups optionally dissolved in one or more of the aforementioned polyisocyanates. It is also possible to use any mixtures of the aforementioned polyisocyanates.
- polyisocyanates for example 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers (“TDI”), polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates, such as those obtained from aniline, are generally particularly preferred.
- TDI 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers
- polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates such as those obtained from aniline
- polyurethane foams are to be produced by the process according to the invention, then water and / or volatile organic substances are also used as blowing agents.
- organic blowing agents examples include acetone, ethyl acetate, Alkanes such as methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, butane, hexane, heptane or diethyl ether are also suitable.
- a blowing effect can also be achieved by adding compounds which decompose at temperatures above room temperature with the elimination of gases, for example nitrogen, for example azo compounds such as azoisobutyronitrile.
- propellants as well as details on the use of propellants can be found in the Plastics Handbook, Volume VII, published by Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Veriag, Kunststoff 1966, e.g. on pages 108 and 109, 453 to 455 and 507 to 510 described.
- catalysts are often also used.
- Suitable catalysts to be used are those of the type known per se, for example tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-cocomorpholine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine , 1,4-diaza-bicyclo- (2,2,2) -octane, N-methyl-N'-dimethyl- aminoethyl-piperazine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, bis (N, N-di-ethylaminoethyl) adipate, N, N-diethylbenzylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl- 1,3-butanediamine, N, N-dimethyl-ß-
- Suitable catalysts are also Mannich bases known per se from secondary amines such as dimethylamine and aldehydes, preferably formaldehyde, or ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone and phenols such as phenol, nonylphenol or bisphenol.
- Tertiary amines which have hydrogen atoms active against isocyanate groups as catalysts are e.g. Triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N-methyl-diethanolamine, N-ethyl-diethanolamine, N, N-dimethyl-ethanolamine, and their reaction products with alkylene oxides, such as propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide.
- Silaamines with carbon-silicon bonds such as those e.g. in German Patent 1,229,290 (corresponding to American Patent 3,620,984) are in question, e.g. 2,2,4-trimethyl-2-silamorpholine 1,3-diethylaminomethyl-tetramethyl-disiloxane.
- Suitable catalysts are also nitrogen-containing bases such as tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, alkali phenolates such as sodium phenolate or alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate. Hexahydrotriazines can also be used as catalysts.
- organic metal compounds in particular organic tin compounds, can also be used as catalysts.
- Preferred organic tin compounds are tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (II) ethylhexoate and tin (II) laurate and the tin (IV) compounds, e.g. Dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate or dioctyltin diacetate.
- tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (II) ethylhexoate and tin (II) laurate
- the tin (IV) compounds e.g. Dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, di
- the catalysts are generally used in an amount between about 0.001 and 10% by weight, based on the amount of compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of 400 to 10,000.
- surface-active additives such as emulsifiers and foam stabilizers
- emulsifiers are the sodium salts of castor oil sulfonates or salts of fatty acids with amines such as oleic acid diethylamine or stearic acid diethanolamine.
- Alkali or ammonium salts of sulfonic acids such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or dinaphthylmethane disulfonic acid or of fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid or of polymeric fatty acids can also be used as surface-active additives.
- Polyether siloxanes are particularly suitable as foam stabilizers. These compounds are generally constructed in such a way that a copolymer is formed from Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is linked to a polydimethylsiloxane residue. Such foam stabilizers are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 2,834,748, 2,917,480 and 3,529,308.
- reaction retarders e.g. acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid or organic acid halides, further cell regulators of the type known per se such as paraffins or fatty alcohols or dimethylpolysiloxanes as well as pigments or dyes and flame retardants of the type known per se, e.g. Tris-chloroethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate or ammonium phosphate and polyphosphate, furthermore stabilizers against aging and weather influences, plasticizers and fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances as well as fillers such as barium sulfate, diatomaceous earth, soot or sludge chalk are also used.
- acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid or organic acid halides
- cell regulators of the type known per se
- pigments or dyes and flame retardants e.g. Tris-chloroethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate or ammonium phosphate and polyphosphate
- surface-active additives and foam stabilizers to be used according to the invention as well as cell regulators, reaction retarders, stabilizers, flame-retardant substances, plasticizers, dyes and fillers, as well as fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances, and details on the use and action of these additives are given in the Plastics Manual, Volume VII by Vieweg and Höchtlein, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1966, e.g. described on pages 103 to 113.
- the reaction components are reacted according to the one-step process, the prepolymer process or the semi-prepolymer process, which are known per se, machine equipment often being used, for example those which are described in US Pat. No. 2,764,565. Details of processing devices that are also suitable according to the invention are published in the Plastics Manual, Volume VII Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Kunststoff 1966, for example on pages 121 to 205.
- foaming is often carried out in molds according to the invention.
- the reaction mixture is introduced into a mold.
- Metal e.g. Aluminum, or plastic, e.g. Epoxy resin, in question.
- the foamable reaction mixture foams in the mold and forms the shaped body.
- the foaming of the mold can be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a cell structure on its surface, but it can also be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a compact skin and a cellular core. According to the invention, one can proceed in this connection in such a way that so much foamable reaction mixture is introduced into the mold that the foam formed just fills the mold.
- Cold-curing foams can also be produced according to the invention (cf. British patent specification 1 162 517, German patent application specification 2 153 086).
- foams can also be produced by block foaming or by the double conveyor belt process known per se.
- the amounts of the reaction components in the process according to the invention are preferably chosen so that the molar ratio of polyisocyanates to compounds having reactive OH and NH 2 groups - regardless of the processing method used in each case - generally between 0.9: 1 and 1.5: 1 is preferably between 1.05: 1 and 1.25: 1.
- the percentage of NCO in the prepolymer, if the prepolymer stage is used, can be, for example, 1 to 6% by weight.
- the molar ratio of reactive hydrogen of the chain extender to reactive OH groups can vary within wide limits, preferably it should be between 0.4: 1 and 1.5: 1, resulting in soft to hard types of polyurethane.
- diamines to be used according to the invention can also be used in part as chain extenders, for example those as mentioned above in the preparation of the polyhydroxyl compounds.
- the mole fraction of the amine according to the invention in the chain extender should be between 1 and 0.5, preferably between 1 and 0.8.
- Another embodiment consists in having the higher molecular compound with at least two hydroxyl groups in a mixture with the chain extender general transportation.
- the foams can either be produced by the molded foaming process or can be obtained from block-foamed material by assembly.
- 270 parts of benzothiazole and 160 parts of sodium hydroxide are refluxed in 400 parts of water for 3 hours. After cooling to 70 ° C., 250 parts of methanol are added and a solution of 260 parts of 3-chloropropylamine-HCl in 500 parts of water is added dropwise to the mixture at 70 ° C. in the course of 2 hours. After stirring for a further 3 hours at 100 ° C., the mixture is cooled and a solution of 100 parts of sodium hydroxide in 200 parts of water is added. The organic phase is separated off, the aqueous phase is washed twice with 200 parts of toluene and the combined organic phases are evaporated.
- NCO / NH 2 1.1
- the mixture is homogenized within 30 seconds and poured into a preheated mold. The reacting mixture remains pourable for 7 minutes. After an annealing time of 24 h at 110 ° C, a casting with the following mechanical properties is obtained:
- Examples 1 and 2 are repeated with the same approach in each case; however, the mixing with the diamines was carried out at room temperature. The mixtures remain pourable for several hours and are then poured into preheated molds. The moldings obtained have the same mechanical properties as in Examples 1 and 2.
- the dispersion can be used, for example, as an adhesive coating on a wide variety of materials such as textiles or leather.
- a finely divided dispersion is obtained which has a Tyndall effect in the translucent light.
- the dispersion has a pH of 7.5.
- the Ford cup run-out time (4 mm nozzle) is 35.3 seconds with a solids content of 35.3%.
- the film from the dispersion is tack-free and hard.
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- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
Homogene oder zellförmige Polyurethankunststoffe auf Basis von Polyisocyanaten, höhermolekularen und gegebenenfalls niedermolekularen Polyhydroxylverbindungen sowie aromatischen Diaminen als Kettenverlängerungsmittel, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei ihrer Herstellung als Kettenverlängerungsmittel Aminoalkyl-thioaniline eingesetzt werden, welche gegebenenfalls am aromatischen Kern substituiert sein können.Homogeneous or cellular polyurethane plastics based on polyisocyanates, high molecular weight and optionally low molecular weight polyhydroxyl compounds and aromatic diamines as chain extenders, characterized in that aminoalkyl thioanilines are used in their preparation as chain extenders, which may optionally be substituted on the aromatic nucleus.
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft neue Polyurethankunststoffe, die unter Verwendung von gegebenenfalls substituierten, thiogruppenhaltigen araliphatischen Diaminen als Kettenverlängerungsmittel hergestellt wurden.The present invention relates to new polyurethane plastics which have been produced using optionally substituted, thio group-containing araliphatic diamines as chain extenders.
Die Verwendung arcnat-scher Diamine als Kettenverlängerer bei der Herstellung von Polyurethanen ist hckannt. Um angemessene Verarbeitungszeiten zu gewährleisten, setzt man die technisch meist verwendeten reaktionsfähigen aromatischen Isocyanate zweckmäßigerweise mit träge reagierenden Diaminen um. Als träge reagierende Diamine haben sich vor allem solche aromatischen Diamine bewährt, deren Basizität und damit auch Reaktivität gegenüber Isocyanaten durch Einführung von Halogen- oder Carboxy-Substituenten herabgesetzt wurde. Als Beispiel sei das bisher am meisten verwendete 3,3'-Dichlor-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethan (MOCA) genannt. Der Hauptnachteil dieser Verbindung The use of arcnate diamines as chain extenders in the production of polyurethanes has been abandoned. In order to ensure adequate processing times, the technically most commonly used reactive aromatic isocyanates are expediently reacted with slow-reacting diamines. Aromatic diamines whose basicity and thus also reactivity to isocyanates has been reduced by introducing halogen or carboxy substituents have proven particularly useful as sluggishly reacting diamines. An example is the most frequently used 3,3'-dichloro-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (MOCA). The main disadvantage of this connection
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, die oben beschriebenen Nachteile der bekannten aromatischen Diamin-Kettenverlängerer - wie Toxizität und leichte reduktive oder oxidative Spaltung der S-S-Gruppierung - bzw. der daraus herstellbaren Polyurethanelastomeren zu vermeiden und darüber hinaus Polyurethan-Reaktivsysteme zur Verfügung zu stellen, welche den Vorteil der lösungsmittelfreien Verarbeitung, längerer Topf- und kürzerer Formstandzeiten besitzen.The present invention is based on the object of avoiding the disadvantages of the known aromatic diamine chain extenders described above - such as toxicity and easy reductive or oxidative cleavage of the SS grouping - or of the polyurethane elastomers which can be prepared therefrom, and, moreover, of making available polyurethane reactive systems who have the advantage of solvent-free processing, longer pot life and shorter mold life.
Diese Aufgabe wird mit Hilfe der erfindungsgemäß einzusetzenden thiogruppenhaltigen araliphatischen Diamine gelöst.This object is achieved with the aid of the arioiphatic diamines containing thio groups to be used according to the invention.
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung sind gegebenenfalls zellförmige Polyurethankunststeffe auf Basis von Polyisocyanaten, höhermolekularen und gegebenenfalls niedermolekularen Polyhydroxylverbindungen sowie schwefelhaltigen Diaminen, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet sind, daß sie Struktureinheiten der allgemeinen Formel:
- R' für einen gegebenenfalls verzweigten divalenten aliphatischen, cycloaliphatischen araliphatischen oder aromatischen Rest mit 2 bis 20, vorzugsweise bis C-Atomen steht und
- R'' Wasserstoff, einen gegebenenfalls verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1-6, vorzugsweise 1-3 C-Atomen, einen Arylrest mit 6-15, vorzugsweise 6 bis 10 C-Atomen, einen Cycloalkylrest mit 4-12, vorzugsweise 6-9 C-Atomen, Halogen, -N02, -CN, -OR "' oder einen Rest
darstellt, wobei - R"' einen gegebenenfalls verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1-6 C-Atomen bedeutet.
- R 'represents an optionally branched divalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic araliphatic or aromatic radical with 2 to 20, preferably up to C atoms, and
- R '' is hydrogen, an optionally branched alkyl radical with 1-6, preferably 1-3 C atoms, an aryl radical with 6-15, preferably 6 to 10 C atoms, a cycloalkyl radical with 4-12, preferably 6-9 C- Atoms, halogen, -N0 2 , -CN, -OR "'or a radical
represents, where - R "'denotes an optionally branched alkyl radical with 1-6 C atoms.
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt sind Produkte, bei denen die Harnstoffgruppe in ortho- oder meta-Stellung, besonders bevorzugt in ortho-Stellung, zum Schwefel steht.Products in which the urea group is in the ortho or meta position, particularly preferably in the ortho position, to the sulfur are preferred according to the invention.
Die vorliegende Erfindung hat darüber hinaus auch ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von gegebenenfalls zellförmigen Polyurethankunststoffen durch Umsetzung von Polyhydroxylverbindungen vom Molekulargewicht 400 bis 10 000 sowie gegebenenfalls niedermolekularen Polyhydroxylverbindungen mit Polyisocyanaten und araliphatischen Diaminen als Kettenverlängerungsmittel, gegebenenfalls in Gegenwart von Katalysatoren, Treibmitteln und weiteren an sich bekannten Zusatzstoffen, zum Gegenstand, welches dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß als Diamine solche der allgemeinen Formel
Wie sich zeigte, können insbesondere die araliphatischen Diamine, bei denen die Aminogruppe in o-Stellung zum Schwefel steht, auch ohne Zusatz von organischen Lösungsmitteln in Gießelastomersystemen und Verschäumungsprozessen eingesetzt werden und ermöglichen dabei ausgezeichnete Verarbeitungsbedingungen, sowohl bei der Herstellung von Elastomeren als auch beim Verschäumen.As has been shown, the araliphatic diamines in particular, in which the amino group is in the o-position to the sulfur, can also be used in cast elastomer systems and foaming processes without the addition of organic solvents and thereby enable excellent processing conditions, both in the production of elastomers and during foaming .
überraschenderweise wurde gefunden, daß die aromatisch gebundene NH2-Gruppeim Vergleich zur aliphatisch gebundenen NH2-Gruppe derartig reaktionsträge ist, daß lange Formstandzeiten erhalten werden. Trotz schneller Vorreaktion der aliphatisch gebundenen NH2-Gruppe mit Isocyanat steigt die Viskosität des reagierenden Gemisches nur geringfügig an, so daß auch bei einer Verarbeitungstemperatur von 110 C eine ausreichend lange Verarbeitungszeit gewährleistet ist.Surprisingly, it was found that the aromatically bound NH 2 Gruppeim Comparison 2 group is so inert to aliphatically bound NH, that long mold residence times are obtained. Despite the rapid pre-reaction of the aliphatically bound NH 2 group with isocyanate, the viscosity of the reacting mixture increases only slightly, so that a sufficiently long processing time is ensured even at a processing temperature of 110 ° C.
Weitere wichtige Vorteile der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Kettenverlängerer sind ihre einfache Zugänglichkeit und ihr bei Raumtemperatur im allgemeinen flüssiger Zustand bzw.ihr niedriger Schmelzpunkt, was ihre Verwendung besonders vereinfacht, da die Diamine vor ihrem Zusatz zur Reaktionsmischung nicht geschmolzen werden müssen, wodurch zusätzlich noch Energiekosten eingespart werden,und die außerordentlich lange Topfzeit der reagierenden PUR-Systeme.Further important advantages of the chain extenders to be used according to the invention are their easy accessibility and their generally liquid state or their low melting point at room temperature, which simplifies their use particularly since the diamines do not have to be melted before they are added to the reaction mixture, which additionally saves energy costs and the extraordinarily long pot life of the reacting PUR systems.
Erfindungsgemäß bevorzugt werden araliphatische Diamine eingesetzt, in denen die aromatische Aminogruppe in o-Stellung zum Schwefel steht. Bevorzugt sind auch Diamine, bei denen R" für H oder Methyl, insbesondere Wasserstoff, steht.According to the invention, preference is given to using araliphatic diamines in which the aromatic amino group is in the o-position to the sulfur. Diamines in which R "is H or methyl, in particular hydrogen, are also preferred.
Erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt sind daher Polyurethane mit wiederkehrenden Struktureinheiten der Formel
Die erfindungsgemäß besonders bevorzugt verwendeten Diamine entsprechen der Formel
A steht beispielsweise für einen der folgenden zweiwertigen Reste:
- Athylen-, Propylen-, Trimethylen-, 1,2-Butylen-, 1,2-Isobutylen-, Tetramethylen-, 2,3-Butylen-, Pentamettaylen-, 1,2-Pentylen-, 1,2-Isopentylen-, Hexamethylen-, 1,2-Hexylen-, Isobutyläthylen-, Octamethylen-, Dodekamethylen-, Xylylen- oder Phenyläthylen-Gruppe.
- Ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, 1,2-butylene, 1,2-isobutylene, tetramethylene, 2,3-butylene, pentamettaylene, 1,2-pentylene, 1,2-isopentylene, Hexamethylene, 1,2-hexylene, isobutylethylene, octamethylene, dodecamethylene, xylylene or phenylethylene group.
Beispiele für Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel I, welche
- z. T. neu sind, schließen ein:
- 2-(2-Aminoäthylthio)-anilin,*
- 2-(2-Aminopropylthio)-anilin,
- 2-(2-Aminopropylthio)-anilin,
- 2-(2-Amino-2,2-dimcthyl-äthylthio)-anilin,
- e.g. T. New include:
- 2- (2-aminoethylthio) aniline, *
- 2- (2-aminopropylthio) aniline,
- 2- (2-aminopropylthio) aniline,
- 2- (2-amino-2,2 - dimethyl-ethylthio) aniline,
Farmaco Ed. Sci. 22 (7) S. 519 - 27 (1967)
- 2-(4-Aminobutylthio)-anilin,
- 2-(2-Amino-1,2-dimethyl-äthylthio)-anilin,
- 2-(5-Aminopentylthio)-anilin,
- 2-(6-Aminohexylthio)-anilin,
- 2-(5-Aminohexylthio)-anilin,
- 2-(2-Aminoisobutylthio)-anilin,
- 2-(12-Aminododecylthio)-anilin oder
- 2-(2-Aminophenyläthylthio)-anilin.
- 2- (4-aminobutylthio) aniline,
- 2- (2-amino-1,2-dimethyl-ethylthio) aniline,
- 2- (5-aminopentylthio) aniline,
- 2- (6-aminohexylthio) aniline,
- 2- (5-aminohexylthio) aniline,
- 2- (2-aminoisobutylthio) aniline,
- 2- (12-aminododecylthio) aniline or
- 2- (2-aminophenylethylthio) aniline.
Bei der Herstellung der Verbindungen der allgemeinen Formel (I) werden Benzothiazol sowie Halogenalkylamine der Formel (II) bzw. die unten näher beschriebenen Derivate davon, als Ausgangsmaterialien eingesetzt
In der allgemeinen Formel (II) bedeutet X Cl oder Br, vorzugsweise Cl, während A die oben erwähnte Bedeutung hat.In the general formula (II), X denotes Cl or Br, preferably Cl, while A has the meaning mentioned above.
Zur Herstellung der erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Diamine erhitzt man Benzothiazol mit einer mindestens stöchiometrischen Menge (bevorzugt Überschuß von 0 - 10 Mol-%) einer Alkali- oder Erdalkalilauge - vorzugsweise Natron- oder Kalilauge, ganz besonders bevorzugt Natronlauge - und fügt das Halogenalkylamin bzw. das Derivat davon anschließend, vorzugsweise in Form einer Lösung in einem geeigneten Lösungsmittel, zu dem Reaktionsansatz hinzu. Die Reaktionspartner werden vorzugsweise in stöchiometrischen Mengen miteinander umgesetzt. Man kann jedoch auch mit einem bis zu 10-fachen Überschuß an Benzothiazol arbeiten.To prepare the diamines to be used according to the invention, benzothiazole is heated with an at least stoichiometric amount (preferably an excess of 0-10 mol%) of an alkali or alkaline earth metal solution - preferably sodium or potassium hydroxide solution, very particularly preferably sodium hydroxide solution - and the haloalkylamine or that is added Derivative thereof then, preferably in the form of a solution in a suitable solvent, to the reaction mixture. The reactants are preferably reacted with one another in stoichiometric amounts. However, you can also work with an up to 10-fold excess of benzothiazole.
Als Lösungsmittel sind bei diesem Herstellungsverfahren die folgenden besonders geeignet:
- Wasser, Alkohole wie z.B. Methylalkohol, Äthylalkohol, Propylalkohol oder Isopropylalkohol, Ketone wie Aceton oder Methyläthylketon; Äthylenglykol und dessen Alkyl- äther, Diäthylenglykol oder Triäthylenglykol oder auch Dimethylformamid, Dimethylsulfoxid und Dioxan bzw. Mischungen davon.
- Water, alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, ketones such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone; Ethylene glycol and its alkyl ether, diethylene glycol or triethylene glycol or also dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and dioxane or mixtures thereof.
Bevorzugte Lösungsmittel sind Wasser und niedere Alkohole; ganz besonders bevorzugt sind Wasser sowie Mischungen von Wasser mit Methyl-, Äthyl- oder Isopropylalkohol.Preferred solvents are water and lower alcohols; water and mixtures of water with methyl, ethyl or isopropyl alcohol are very particularly preferred.
Pro Mol Benzothiazol verwendet man im allgemeinen 200 bis 5000 ml Lösungsmittel, vorzugsweise 200 - 2000 ml Lösungsmittel.200 to 5000 ml of solvent, preferably 200 to 2000 ml of solvent, are generally used per mole of benzothiazole.
Die Reaktionstemperatur liegt im Bereich von 20 bis 180°C, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 50 bis 140°C, wobei der Bereich von 70 bis 120°C ganz besonders bevorzugt wird.The reaction temperature is in the range from 20 to 180 ° C., preferably in the range from 50 to 140 ° C., the range from 70 to 120 ° C. being very particularly preferred.
Die Reaktionszeit liegt im Bereich von 30 Minuten bis 10 Stunden. Bevorzugt ist der Bereich von 1 Stunde bis 6 Stunden.The reaction time is in the range of 30 minutes to 10 hours. The range from 1 hour to 6 hours is preferred.
Der Reaktionsdruck beträgt 1 bar bis 10 bar. Vorzugsweise wird bei Normaldruck gearbeitet; jedoch kann es auch vorteilhaft sein, zwecks Beschleunigung der Reaktion bei erhöhtem Druck zu arbeiten.The reaction pressure is 1 bar to 10 bar. Is preferably carried out at normal pressure; however, it may also be advantageous to operate at elevated pressure to accelerate the reaction.
Als Derivate von Halogenalkylaminen der obigen Formel (II) kommen bei der Herstellung von Verbindungen der Formel (I) einerseits die Ammonsalze mit Mineral- oder organischen Säuren und andererseits Amide mit Carbonsäuren oder Urethane der allgemeinen Formel
in Frage, wobei R für einen gegebenenfalls verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 C-Atomen steht. Bevorzugte Ammonsalze sind jene von Salz-, Schwefel-, Essig- und Oxalsäure bzw. Bromwasserstoff (besonders bevorzugt von Salzsäure und Essigsäure),bevorzuates Urethan jenes des tert.-Butyl- alkohols.into question, where R is an optionally branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Preferred ammonium salts are those of hydrochloric, sulfuric, acetic and oxalic acid or hydrogen bromide (particularly preferably of hydrochloric acid and acetic acid), preferably urethane that of tert-butyl alcohol.
Für das erfindungsmäße Verfahren geeignete Polyhydroxylverbindungen haben ein Molekulargewicht von etwa 400 bis 10 000, vorzugsweise 600 - 4000. Es handelt sich dabei um mindestens zwei, vorzugsweise 2 bis 4, Hydroxylgruppen aufweisende Polyester, Polyäther, Polythioäther, Polyacetale, Polycarbonate und Polyesteramide, wie sie für die Herstellung von homogenen und von zellförmigen Polyurethanen an sich bekannt sind.Polyhydroxyl compounds suitable for the process according to the invention have a molecular weight of approximately 400 to 10,000, preferably 600-4000. These are at least two, preferably 2 to 4, hydroxyl-containing polyesters, polyethers, polythioethers, polyacetals, polycarbonates and polyesteramides, such as the ones described are known per se for the production of homogeneous and cellular polyurethanes.
Die in Frage kommenden Hydroxylgruppen aufweisenden Polyester sind z.B. Umsetzungsprodukte von mehrwertigen, vorzugsweise zweiwertigen und gegebenenfalls zusätzlich dreiwertigen Alkoholen mit mehrwertigen, vorzugsweise zweiwertigen, Carbonsäuren. Anstelle der freien Polycarbonsäuren können auch die entsprechenden Polycarbonsäureanhydride oder entsprechende Polycarbonsäureester von niedrigen Alkoholen oder deren Gemische zur Herstellung der Polyester verwendet werden. Die Polycarbonsäuren können aliphatischer, cycloaliphatischer, aromatischer und/oder heterocyclischer Natur sein und gegebenenfalls, z.B. durch Halogenatome, substituiert und/oder ungesättigt sein.The polyesters containing hydroxyl groups are, for example, reaction products of polyhydric, preferably dihydric and optionally additionally trihydric alcohols with polyhydric, preferably two valuable carboxylic acids. Instead of the free polycarboxylic acids, the corresponding polycarboxylic anhydrides or corresponding polycarboxylic esters of lower alcohols or mixtures thereof can also be used to produce the polyesters. The polycarboxylic acids can be aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic and / or heterocyclic in nature and optionally substituted, for example by halogen atoms, and / or unsaturated.
Als Beispiele hierfür seien genannt: Bernsteinsäure, Adipinsäure, Korksäure, Azelainsäure, Sebacinsäure, Phthalsäure, Isophthalsäure, Trimellitsäure, Phthal- saureanhycrid, Tetrahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Hexahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Tetrachlorphthalsäureanhydrid, Endomethylentetrahydrophthalsäureanhydrid, Glutarsäureanhydrid, Maleinsäure, Maleinsäureanhydrid, Fumarsäure, dimere und trimere Fettsäuren wie ölsäure, gegebenenfalls in Mischung mit monomeren Fettsäuren, Terephthalsäuredimethylester und Terephthalsäure-bis-glykolester. Als mehrwertige Alkohole kommen z.B. Äthylenglykol, Propylenglykol-(1,2) und -(1,3), Butylenglykol-(1,4) und -(2,3), Hexandiol-(1,6), Octandiol-(1,8), Neopentylglykol, Cyclohexandimethanol(1,4-Bis-hydroxymethylcyclo- hexan), 2-Methyl-1,3-propandiol, Glycerin, Trimethylolpropan, Hexantriol-(1,2,6), Butantriol-(1,2,4), Trimethyloläthan, Pentaerythrit, Chinit, Mannit und Sorbit, Methylglykosid, ferner Diäthylenglykol, Triäthylenglykol, Tetraäthylenglykol, Polyäthylenglykole, Dipropylenglykol, Polypropylenglykole, Dibutylenglykol und Polybutylenglykole in Frage. Die Polyester können anteilig endständiqe Carboxylgruppen aufweisen. Auch Polyester aus Lactonen, z.B. ε-Caprolacton oder Hydroxycarbonsäuren, z.B. ω-Hydroxycapronsäure, sind einsetzbar.Examples include: succinic acid, adipic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid, phthalic acid anhydride, tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic acid anhydride, malomic acid anhydride, endomide maleinic acid anhydride, endomide dimeric acid anhydride, endomethylene uric acid anhydride, endomide dimeric acid anhydride, endomethylene uric acid anhydride, endomide dimeric acid anhydride, endomethylene uric acid, in a mixture with monomeric fatty acids, terephthalic acid dimethyl ester and terephthalic acid bis-glycol ester. Polyhydric alcohols include, for example, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,2) and - (1,3), butylene glycol (1,4) and - (2,3), hexanediol (1,6), octanediol (1, 8), neopentyl glycol, cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4-bis-hydroxymethylcyclohexane), 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), butanetriol- (1,2,4 ), Trimethylolethane, pentaerythritol, quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, methylglycoside, also diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols, dibutylene glycol and polybutylene glycols in question. The polyesters can have a proportion of terminal carboxyl groups. Polyesters of lactones, for example ε-caprolactone or hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ω-hydroxycaproic acid, can also be used.
Auch die erfindungsgemäß in Frage kommenden, mindestens zwei, in der Regel zwei bis acht, vorzugsweise zwei bis drei, Hydroxylgruppen aufweisenden Polyäther sind solche der an sich bekannten Art und werden z.B. durch Polymerisation von Epoxiden wie Äthylenoxid, Propylenoxid, Butylenoxid, Tetrahydrofuran, Styroloxid oder Epichlorhydrin mit sich selbst, z.B. in Gegenwart von BF3, oder durch Anlagerung dieser Epoxide, gegebenenfalls im Gemisch oder nacheinander, an Startkomponenten mit reaktionsfähigen Wasserstoffatomen wie Wasser, Alkohole, Ammoniak oder Amine, z.B. Äthylenglykol, Propylenglykol-(1,3) oder -(1,2), Trimethylolpropan, 4,4'-Dihydroxy-diphenylpropan, Anilin, Äthanolamin oder Äthylendiamin hergestellt. Auch Sucrosepolyäther, wie sie z.B. in den deutschen Auslegeschriften 1 176 358 und 1 064 938 beschrieben werden, kommen erfindungsgemäß in Frage. Vielfach sind solche Polyäther bevorzugt, die überwiegend (bis zu 90 Gew.-%, bezogen auf allc vorhandenen OH-Gruppen im Polyäther) primäre OH-Gruppen aufweisen. Auch durch Vinylpolymerisate modifizierte Polyäther, wie sie z.B. durch Polymerisation von Styrol und Acrylnitril in Gegenwart von Polyäthern entstehen (amerikanische Patentschriften 3 383 351, 3 304 273, 3 523 093, 3 110 695, deutsche Patentschrift 1 152 536), sind geeignet, ebenso OH-Gruppen aufweisende Polybutadiene.The at least two, generally two to eight, preferably two to three, hydroxyl-containing polyethers which are suitable according to the invention are also of the type known per se and are obtained, for example, by polymerizing epoxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran, styrene oxide or Epichlorohydrin with itself, for example in the presence of BF 3 , or by addition of these epoxides, if appropriate in a mixture or in succession, to starting components with reactive hydrogen atoms such as water, alcohols, ammonia or amines, for example ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,3) or - (1,2), trimethylolpropane, 4,4'-dihydroxy-diphenylpropane, aniline, ethanolamine or ethylenediamine. Sucrose polyethers, such as are described, for example, in German publications 1 176 358 and 1 064 938, are also suitable according to the invention. Polyethers are preferred which predominantly (up to 90% by weight, based on all OH groups present in the polyether) have primary OH groups. Polyethers modified by vinyl polymers, such as those obtained by polymerizing styrene and acrylonitrile in the presence of polyethers (American patents 3 383 351, 3 3 0 4 273, 3 523 093, 3 110 695, German patent 1 152 536) are suitable, as are polybutadienes containing OH groups.
Unter den Polythioäthern seien insbesondere die Kondensationsprodukte von Thiodiglykol mit sich selbst und/ oder mit anderen Glykolen, Dicarbonsäuren, Formaldehyd, Aminocarbonsäuren oder Aminoalkoholen angeführt. Je nach den Co-Komponenten handelt es sich bei den Produkten um Polythiomischäther, Polythioätherester oder Polythioätheresteramide.Among the polythioethers, the condensation products of thiodiglycol with themselves and / or with other glycols, dicarboxylic acids, formaldehyde, aminocarboxylic acids or amino alcohols should be mentioned in particular. Depending on the co-components, the products are polythio ether, polythio ether ester or polythio ether ester amide.
Als Polyacetale kommen z.B. die aus Glykolen, wie Diäthylenglykol, Triäthyienglykol, 4,4'-Dioxäthoxydiphenyldimethylmethan, Hexandiol und Formaldehyd herstellbaren Verbindungen in Frage. Auch durch Polymerisation cyclischer Acetale lassen sich erfindungsgemäß geeiqnete Polyacetale herstellen.As polyacetals e.g. the compounds which can be prepared from glycols, such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 4,4'-dioxethoxydiphenyldimethylmethane, hexanediol and formaldehyde. Appropriate polyacetals can also be prepared according to the invention by polymerization of cyclic acetals.
Als Hydroxylgruppen aufweisende Polycarbonate kommen solche der an sich bekannten Art in Betracht, die z.B. durch Umsetzung von Diolen wie Propandiol-(1,3), Butandiol-(1,4) und/oder Hexandiol-(1,6), Diäthylenglykol, Triäthylenglykol oder Tetraäthylenglykol mit Diarylcarbonaten, z.B. Diphenylcarbonat,oder Phosgen hergestellt werden können.Suitable polycarbonates containing hydroxyl groups are those of the type known per se, which e.g. by reacting diols such as propanediol (1,3), butanediol (1,4) and / or hexanediol (1,6), diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol with diaryl carbonates, e.g. Diphenyl carbonate, or phosgene can be produced.
Zu den Polyesteramiden und Polyamiden zählen z.B. die aus mehrwertigen gesättigten und ungesättigten Carbonsäuren bzw. deren Anhydriden und mehrwertigen gesättigten und ungesättigten Aminoalkoholen, Diaminen, Polyaminen und ihren Mischungen gewonnenen, vorwiegend linearen Kondensate.The polyester amides and polyamides include e.g. the predominantly linear condensates obtained from polyvalent saturated and unsaturated carboxylic acids or their anhydrides and polyvalent saturated and unsaturated amino alcohols, diamines, polyamines and their mixtures.
Auch bereits Urethan- oder Harnstoffgruppen enthaltende Polyhydroxylverbindungen sowie gegebenenfalls modifizierte natürliche Polyole, wie Rizinusöl, Kohlenhydrate oder Stärke, sind verwendbar. Auch Anlagerungsprodukte von Alkylenoxiden an Phenol-Formaldehyd-Harze oder auch an Harnstoff-Formaldehydharze sind erfindungsgemäß einsetzbar.Polyhydroxyl compounds already containing urethane or urea groups and optionally modified natural polyols such as castor oil, carbohydrates or starch can also be used. Addition products of alkylene oxides on phenol-formaldehyde resins or also on urea-formaldehyde resins can also be used according to the invention.
Vertreter dieser erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Verbindungen sind z.B. in High Polymers, Vol. XVI, "Polyurethanes, Chemistry and Technology", verfaßt von Saunders-Frisch, Interscience Publishers, New York, London, Band I, 1962, Seiten 32-42 und Seiten 44-54 und Band II, 1964, Seiten 5-6 und 198-199, sowie im Kunststoff-Handbuch, Band VII, Vieweg-Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München, 1966, z.B. auf den Seiten 45-71, beschrieben.Representatives of these compounds to be used according to the invention are e.g. in High Polymers, Vol. XVI, "Polyurethanes, Chemistry and Technology", written by Saunders-Frisch, Interscience Publishers, New York, London, Volume I, 1962, pages 32-42 and pages 44-54 and Volume II, 1964, Pages 5-6 and 198-199, as well as in the plastics manual, volume VII, Vieweg-Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich, 1966, e.g. on pages 45-71.
Selbstverständlich können Mischungen der obengenannten Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktionsfähigen Wasserstoffatomen mit einem Molekulargewicht von 400 - 10 000, z.B. Mischungen von Polyäthern und Polyestern, eingesetzt werden.Of course, mixtures of the above-mentioned compounds with at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of 400-10,000, e.g. Mixtures of polyethers and polyesters can be used.
Als erfindungsgemäß gegebenenfalls einzusetzende Ausgangskomponenten kommen auch Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen von einem Molekulargewicht 32-400 in Frage.Compounds with at least two hydroxyl groups with a molecular weight of 32-400 can also be used as starting components which may be used according to the invention.
Als Beispiele für derartige Verbindungen seien genannt: Äthylenglykol, Propylenglykol-(1,2) und -(1,3), Butylenqlykol-(1,4) und -(2,3), Pentandiol-(1,5), Hexandiol-(1,6), Octandiol-(1,8), Neopentylglykol, 1,4-Bishydroxymethyl-cyclohexan, 2-Methyl-1,3-propandiol, Glyzerin, Trimethylolpropan, Hexantriol-(1,2,6), Trimethyloläthan, Pentaerythrit, Chinit, Mannit und Sorbit, Diäthylenglykol, Triäthylenglykol, Tetraäthylenglykol, Polyäthylenglykole mit einem Molekulargewicht bis 400, Dipropylenglykol, Polypropylenglykole mit einem Molekulargewicht bis 400, Dibutylenglykol, Polybutylenglykole mit einem Molekulargewicht bis 400, 4,4'-Dihydroxydiphenylpropan, Di-hydroxymethyl-hydrochinon, Diäthanolamin und Triäthanolamin.Examples of such compounds are: ethylene glycol, propylene glycol (1,2) and - (1,3), butylene glycol (1,4) and - (2,3), pentanediol- (1,5), hexanediol- (1,6), octanediol- (1,8), neopentyl glycol, 1,4-bishydroxymethyl-cyclohexane, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, glycerin, trimethylolpropane, hexanetriol- (1,2,6), tri methylolethane, pentaerythritol, quinite, mannitol and sorbitol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycols with a molecular weight of up to 400, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycols with a molecular weight of up to 400, dibutylene glycol, polybutylene glycols with a molecular weight of up to 400, diol'-diol, up to 400, hydroxymethyl hydroquinone, diethanolamine and triethanolamine.
Auch in diesem Fall können Mischungen von verschiedenen Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen mit einem Molekulargewicht von 32-400 verwendet werden.In this case too, mixtures of different compounds with at least two hydroxyl groups with a molecular weight of 32-400 can be used.
Erfindungsgemäß können jedoch auch Polyhydroxylverbindungen eingesetzt werden, in welchen hochmolekulare Polyaddukte bzw. Polykondensate in feindisperser oder gelöster Form enthalten sind. Derartige modifizierte Polyhydroxylverbindungen werden erhalten, wenn man Polyadditionsreaktionen (z.B. Umsetzungen zwischen Polyisocyanaten und aminofunktionellen Verbindungen) bzw. Polykondensationsreaktionen (z.B. zwischen Formaldehyd und Phenolen und/oder Aminen) direkt in situ in den oben genannten, Hydroxylgruppen aufweisenden Verbindungen ablaufen läßt. Derartige Verfahren sind beispielsweise in den Deutschen Auslegeschriften 1 168 075 und 1 260 142, sowie den Deutschen Offenlegungsschriften 2 324 134, 2 423 984, 2 512 385, 2 513 815, 2 550 796, 2 550 797, 2 550 833 und 2 550 862 beschrieben. Es ist aber auch n.öglich, gemäß US-Patent 3 869 413 bzw. Deutscher'Cffenlegungsschrift 2 550 860 eine fertige wäßrige Polymerdispersion mit einer Polyhydroxylverbindung zu vermischen und anschließend aus dem Gemisch das Wasser zu entfernen.According to the invention, however, polyhydroxyl compounds can also be used in which high molecular weight polyadducts or polycondensates are contained in finely dispersed or dissolved form. Such modified polyhydroxyl compounds are obtained if polyaddition reactions (for example reactions between polyisocyanates and amino-functional compounds) or polycondensation reactions (for example between formaldehyde and phenols and / or amines) are carried out directly in situ in the above-mentioned compounds containing hydroxyl groups. Such methods are described, for example, in German Auslegeschrift 1 168 075 and 1 260 142, and German Offenlegungsschriften 2,324,134, 2,423,984, 2,512,385, 2,513,815, 2,550,796, 2,550,797, 2,550,833 and 2,550 862. However, it is also not possible to mix a finished aqueous polymer dispersion with a polyhydroxyl compound and then remove the water from the mixture in accordance with US Pat . No. 3,869,413 or German ' Cffenlegungsschrift 2,550,860.
Bei der Verwendung von modifizierten Polyhydroxylverbindungen der oben genannten Art als Ausgangskomponente im Polyisocyanat-Polyadditionsverfahren entstehen in vielen Fällen Polyurethankunststoffe mit wesentlich verbesserten mechanischen Eigenschaften.When using modified polyhydroxyl compounds of the type mentioned above as the starting component in the polyisocyanate polyaddition process, polyurethane plastics with significantly improved mechanical properties are produced in many cases.
Als erfindungsgemäß einzusetzende Ausgangskomponenten kommen weiter aliphatische, cycloaliphatische, araliphatische, aromatische und heterocyclische Polyisocyanate in Betracht, wie sie z.B. von W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, Seiten 75 bis 136, beschrieben werden, beispielsweise Äthylen-diisocyanat, 1,4-Tetramethylendiisocyanat, 1,6-Hexamethylendiisocyanat, 1,12-Dodecandiisocyanat, Cyclobutan-1,3-diisocyanat, Cyclohexan-1,3- und -1,4-diisocyanat sowie beliebige Gemische dieser Isomeren, 1-Isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexan (DAS 1 202 785, amerikanische Patentschrift 3 401 190), 2,4- und 2,6-Hexahydrotoluylendiisocyanat sowie beliebige Gemische dieser Isomeren, Hexahydro-1,3- und/oder 1,4-phenylen-diisocyanat, Perhydro-2,4'- und/oder -4,4'-diphenylmethan-diisocyanat, 1,3- und 1,4-Phenylendiisocyanat, 2,4- und 2,6-Toluylendiisocyanat sowie beliebige Gemische dieser Isomeren, Diphenylmethan-2,4'- und/oder -4,4'-diisocyanat, Naphthylen-1,5-diisocyanat, Triphenylmethan-4,4',4"-triisocyanat, Polyphenyl-polymethylen-polyisocyanate, wie sie durch Anilin-FormaldehydrKondensation und anschließende Phosgenierung erhalten und z.B. in den britischen Patentschriften 874 430 und 848 671 beschrieben werden, m- und p-Isocyanatophenylsulfonyl-isocyanate gemäß der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 454 606, perchlorierte Arylpolyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der deutschen Auslegeschrift 1 157 601 (amerikanische Patentschrift 3 277 138) beschrieben werden, Carbodiimidgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie in der deutschen Patentschrift 1 092 007 (amerikanische Patentschrift 3 152 162)Other starting components to be used according to the invention are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic polyisocyanates, as are described, for example, by W. Siefken in Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie, 562, pages 75 to 136, for example ethylene diisocyanate, 1, 4-tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, 1,12-dodecane diisocyanate, cyclobutane-1,3-diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and -1,4-diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers, 1-isocyanato-3,3 , 5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethyl-cyclohexane (DAS 1 202 785, American patent specification 3 401 190), 2,4- and 2,6-hexahydrotoluenediisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers, hexahydro-1,3- and / or 1, 4-phenylene diisocyanate, perhydro-2,4'- and / or -4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 1,3- and 1,4-phenylene diisocyanate, 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers, diphenylmethane-2,4'- and / or -4,4'-diisocyanate, naphthylene-1,5-diisocya nat, triphenylmethane-4,4 ', 4 "-triisocyanate, polyphenyl-polymethylene-polyisocyanates, as obtained by aniline-formaldehyde condensation and subsequent phosgenation and described, for example, in British Patents 874,430 and 848,671, m- and p-isocyanatophenylsulfonyl isocyanates according to the American patent specification 3 454 606, perchlorinated aryl polyisocyanates as described, for example, in the German patent specification 1 157 601 (American patent specification 3 277 138), polyisocyanates containing carbodiimide groups, as described in the German patent specification 1 092 007 (American patent specification 3 152 162)
beschrieben werden, Diisocyanate, wie sie in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 492 330 beschrieben werden, Allophanatgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der britischen Patentschrift 994 890, der belgischen Patentschrift 761 626 und der veröffentlichten holländischen Patentanmeldung 7 102 524 beschrieben werden, Isocyanuratgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 001 973, in den deutschen Patentschriften 1 O22 789, 1 222 067 und 1 027 394 sowie in den deutschen Öffenlegungsschriften 1 929 034 und 2 004 048 beschrieben werden, Urethangruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der belgischen Patentschrift 752 261 oder in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 394 164 beschrieben werden, acylierte Harnstoffgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate gemäß der deutschen Patentschrift 1 230 778, Biuretgruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der deutschen Patentschrift 1 101 394 (amerikanische Patentschriften 3 124 605 und 3 201 372) sowie in der britischen Patentschrift 889 050 beschrieben werden, durch Telemerisationsreaktionen hergestellte Polyisocyanate, wie sie z.B. in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 654 106 beschrieben werden, Estergruppen aufweisende Polyisocyanate, wie sie zum Beispiel in den britischen Patentschriften 965 474 und 1 072 956, in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 567 763 und in der deutschen Patentschirft 1 231 688 genannt werden, Umsetzungsprodukte der obengenannten Isocyanate mit Acetalen gemäß der deutschen Patentschrift 1 072 385 und polymere Fettsäureester enthaltende Polyisocyanate gemäß der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 455 883.are described, diisocyanates as described in US Pat. No. 3,492,330, polyisocyanates containing allophanate groups, e.g. in the British patent specification 994 890, the Belgian patent specification 761 626 and the published Dutch patent application 7 102 524, polyisocyanates containing isocyanurate groups, e.g. in the American patent specification 3 001 973, in the German patent specifications 1 022 789, 1 222 067 and 1 027 394 as well as in the German patent publications 1 929 034 and 2 004 048, polyisocyanates containing urethane groups, such as those e.g. are described in Belgian patent specification 752 261 or in American patent specification 3 394 164, polyisocyanates containing acylated urea groups according to German patent specification 1 230 778, polyisocyanates containing biuret groups, such as those e.g. in German patent specification 1 101 394 (American patent specifications 3 124 605 and 3 201 372) and in British patent specification 889 050 are described, polyisocyanates prepared by telemerization reactions, such as those e.g. in US Pat. No. 3,654,106, polyisocyanates containing ester groups, such as are mentioned, for example, in British Pat. Nos. 965,474 and 1,072,956, in US Pat. No. 3,567,763 and in German Pat. No. 1,231,688, are reaction products of the abovementioned Isocyanates with acetals according to German patent 1,072,385 and polyisocyanates containing polymeric fatty acid esters according to American patent 3,455,883.
Es ist auch möglich, die bei der technischen Isocyanatherstellung anfallenden, Isocyanatgruppen aufweisenden Destillationsrückstände, gegebenenfalls gelöst in einem oder mehreren der vorgenannten Polyisocyanate, einzusetzen. Ferner ist es möglich, beliebige Mischungen der vorgenannten Polyisocyanate zu verwenden.It is also possible to use the distillation residues obtained in the industrial production of isocyanate and containing isocyanate groups, optionally dissolved in one or more of the aforementioned polyisocyanates. It is also possible to use any mixtures of the aforementioned polyisocyanates.
Besonders bevorzugt werden in der Regel die technisch leicht zuganglichen Polyisocyanate, z.B. das 2,4- und 2,6-Toluylendiisocyanat sowie beliebige Gemische dieser Isomeren ("TDI"), Polyphenyl-polymethylen-polyisocyanate, wie sie durch Anilin- -kondensation und anschließende Phosgenierung hergestellt werden ("rohes MDI") und Carbodiimidgruppen, Urethangruppen, Allophanatgruppen, Isocyanuratgruppen, Harnstoffgruppen oder Biuretgruppen aufweisenden Polyisocyanate ("modifizierte Polyisocyanate").The technically easily accessible polyisocyanates, for example 2,4- and 2,6-tolylene diisocyanate and any mixtures of these isomers (“TDI”), polyphenyl-polymethylene polyisocyanates, such as those obtained from aniline, are generally particularly preferred. -Condensation and subsequent phosgenation are prepared ("crude MDI") and carbodiimide groups, urethane groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urea groups or biuret groups-containing polyisocyanates ("modified polyisocyanates").
Sollen nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren Polyurethanschäume hergestellt werden, dann werden Wasser und/oder leicht flüchtige organische Substanzen als Treibmittel mitverwendet.If polyurethane foams are to be produced by the process according to the invention, then water and / or volatile organic substances are also used as blowing agents.
Als organische Treibmittel kommen z.B. Aceton, Äthylacetat,Alkane wie Methylenchlorid, Chloroform, Äthyliden-chlorid, Vinylidenchlorid, Monofluortrichlormethan, Chlordifluormethan, Dichlordifluormethan, ferner Butan, Hexan, Heptan oder Diäthyläther infrage. Eine Treibwirkung kann auch durch Zusatz von bei Temperaturen über Raumtemperatur unter Abspaltung von Gasen, beispielsweise von Stickstoff, sich zersetzenden Verbindungen, z.B. Azoverbindungen wie Azoisobuttersäurenitril, erzielt werden. Weitere Beispiele für Treibmittel sowie Einzelheiten über die Verwendung von Treibmitteln sind im Kunststoff-Handbuch, Band VII, herausgegeben von Vieweg und Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Veriag, München 1966, z.B. auf den Seiten 108 und 109, 453 bis 455 und 507 bis 510 beschrieben.Examples of organic blowing agents are acetone, ethyl acetate, Alkanes such as methylene chloride, chloroform, ethylidene chloride, vinylidene chloride, monofluorotrichloromethane, chlorodifluoromethane, dichlorodifluoromethane, butane, hexane, heptane or diethyl ether are also suitable. A blowing effect can also be achieved by adding compounds which decompose at temperatures above room temperature with the elimination of gases, for example nitrogen, for example azo compounds such as azoisobutyronitrile. Further examples of propellants as well as details on the use of propellants can be found in the Plastics Handbook, Volume VII, published by Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Veriag, Munich 1966, e.g. on pages 108 and 109, 453 to 455 and 507 to 510 described.
Erfindungsgemäß werden ferner oft Katalysatoren mitverwendet. Als mitzuverwendende Katalysatoren kommen solche der an sich bekannten Art infrage, z.B. tertiäre Amine, wie Triäthylamin, Tributylamin, N-Methyl-morpholin, N-Äthyl-morpholin, N-Cocomorpholin , N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-äthylendiamin, 1,4-Diaza-bicyclo-(2,2,2)-octan, N-Methyl-N'-dimethyl- aminoäthyl-piperazin, N,N-Dimethylbenzylamin, Bis-(N,N-di- äthylaminoäthyl)-adipat, N,N-Diäthylbenzylamin, Pentamethyldiäthylentriamin, N,N-Dimethylcyclohexylamin, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-1,3-butandiamin, N,N-Dimethyl-ß-phenyläthyl- amin, 1,2-Dimethylimidazol,_ 2-Methylimidazol. Als Katalysatoren kommen auch an sich bekannte Mannichbasen aus sekundären Aminen, wie Dimethylamin, und Aldehyden, vorzugsweise Formaldehyd, oder Ketonen wie Aceton, Methyläthylketon oder Cyclohexanon und Phenolen, wie Phenol, Nonylphenoloder Bisphenol in Frage.According to the invention, catalysts are often also used. Suitable catalysts to be used are those of the type known per se, for example tertiary amines, such as triethylamine, tributylamine, N-methylmorpholine, N-ethylmorpholine, N-cocomorpholine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine , 1,4-diaza-bicyclo- (2,2,2) -octane, N-methyl-N'-dimethyl- aminoethyl-piperazine, N, N-dimethylbenzylamine, bis (N, N-di-ethylaminoethyl) adipate, N, N-diethylbenzylamine, pentamethyldiethylenetriamine, N, N-dimethylcyclohexylamine, N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyl- 1,3-butanediamine, N, N-dimethyl-ß-phenylethylamine, 1,2-dimethylimidazole, _ 2-methylimidazole. Suitable catalysts are also Mannich bases known per se from secondary amines such as dimethylamine and aldehydes, preferably formaldehyde, or ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone or cyclohexanone and phenols such as phenol, nonylphenol or bisphenol.
Gegenüber Isocyanatgruppen aktive Wasserstoffatome aufweisende tertiäre Amine als Katalysatoren sind z.B. Triäthanolamin, Triisopropanolamin, N-Methyl-diäthanolamin, N-Athyl-diäthanolamin, N,N-Dimethyl-äthanolamin, sowie deren Umsetzungsprodukte mit Alkylenoxiden, wie Propylenoxid und/oder Äthylenoxid.Tertiary amines which have hydrogen atoms active against isocyanate groups as catalysts are e.g. Triethanolamine, triisopropanolamine, N-methyl-diethanolamine, N-ethyl-diethanolamine, N, N-dimethyl-ethanolamine, and their reaction products with alkylene oxides, such as propylene oxide and / or ethylene oxide.
Als Katalysatoren kommen ferner Silaamine mit Kohlenstoff-Silizium-Bindungen, wie sie z.B. in der deutschen Patentschrift 1 229 290 (entsprechend der amerikanischen Patentschrift 3 620 984) beschrieben sind, in Frage, z.B. 2,2,4-Trimethyl-2-silamorpholin 1.3-Diäthylaminomethyl-tetramethyl-disiloxan.Silaamines with carbon-silicon bonds, such as those e.g. in German Patent 1,229,290 (corresponding to American Patent 3,620,984) are in question, e.g. 2,2,4-trimethyl-2-silamorpholine 1,3-diethylaminomethyl-tetramethyl-disiloxane.
Als Katalysatoren kommen auch stickstoffhaltige Basen wie Tetraalkylammoniumhydroxide, ferner Alkalihydroxide wie Natriumhydroxid, Alkaliphenolate wie Natriumphenolat oder Alkalialkoholate wie Natriummethylat in Betracht. Auch Hexahydrotriazine können als Katalysatoren eingesetzt werden.Suitable catalysts are also nitrogen-containing bases such as tetraalkylammonium hydroxides, alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, alkali phenolates such as sodium phenolate or alkali metal alcoholates such as sodium methylate. Hexahydrotriazines can also be used as catalysts.
Erfindungsgemäß können auch organische Metallverbindungen, insbesondere organische Zinnverbindungen,als Katalysatoren verwendet werden.According to the invention, organic metal compounds, in particular organic tin compounds, can also be used as catalysts.
Als organische Zinnverbindungen kommen vorzugsweise Zinn(II)-salze von Carbonsäuren wie Zinn(II)-acetat, Zinn(II)-octoat, Kinn(II)-äthylhexoat und Zinn(Il)-laurat und die Zinn(IV)-verbindungen, z.b. Dibutylzinnoxid, Dibutylzinndichlorid, Dibutylzinndiacetat, Dibutylzinndilaurat, Dibutylzinnmaleat oder Dioctylzinndiacetat in Betracht. Selbstverständlich können alle obengenannten Katalysatoren als Gemische eingesetzt werden.Preferred organic tin compounds are tin (II) salts of carboxylic acids such as tin (II) acetate, tin (II) octoate, tin (II) ethylhexoate and tin (II) laurate and the tin (IV) compounds, e.g. Dibutyltin oxide, dibutyltin dichloride, dibutyltin diacetate, dibutyltin dilaurate, dibutyltin maleate or dioctyltin diacetate. Of course, all of the above catalysts can be used as mixtures.
Weitere Vertreter von erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Katalysatoren sowie Einzelheiten über die Wirkungsweise der Katalysatoren sind im Kunststoff-Handbuch, Band VII, herausgegeben von Vieweg und Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München 1966, z.B. auf den Seiten 96 bis 102 beschrieben.Further representatives of catalysts to be used according to the invention and details on the mode of action of the catalysts are in the plastics manual, volume VII, published by Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich 1966, e.g. described on pages 96 to 102.
Die Katalysatoren werden in der Regel in einer Menge zwischen etwa 0,001 und 10 Gew.-%, bezogen auf die Menge an Verbindungen mit mindestens zwei gegenüber Isocyanaten reaktionsfähigen Wasserstoffatomen von einem Molekulargewicht von 400 bis 10 000, eingesetzt.The catalysts are generally used in an amount between about 0.001 and 10% by weight, based on the amount of compounds having at least two isocyanate-reactive hydrogen atoms with a molecular weight of 400 to 10,000.
Erfindungsgemäß können auch oberflächenaktive Zusatzstoffe, wie Emulgatoren und Schaumstabilisatoren,mitverwendet werden. Als Emulgatoren kommen z.B. die Natriumsalze von Ricinusölsulfonaten oder Salze von Fettsäuren
mit Aminen wie ölsaures Diäthylamin oder stearinsaures Diäthanolamin infrage. Auch Alkali-oder Ammoniumsalze von Sulfonsäuren wie etwa von Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure oder Dinaphthylmethandisulfonsäure oder von Fettsäuren wie Ricinolsäure oder von polymeren Fettsäuren können als oberflächenaktive Zusatzstoffe mitverwendet werden.According to the invention, surface-active additives, such as emulsifiers and foam stabilizers, can also be used. Examples of emulsifiers are the sodium salts of castor oil sulfonates or salts of fatty acids
with amines such as oleic acid diethylamine or stearic acid diethanolamine. Alkali or ammonium salts of sulfonic acids such as dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid or dinaphthylmethane disulfonic acid or of fatty acids such as ricinoleic acid or of polymeric fatty acids can also be used as surface-active additives.
Als Schaumstabilisatoren kommen vor allem Polyäthersiloxane, speziell wasserlösliche Vertreter, infrage. Diese Verbindungen sind im allgemeinen so aufgebaut, daß ein Copolymerisat aus Äthylenoxid und Propylenoxid mit einem Polydimethylsiloxanrest verbunden ist. Derartige Schaumstabilisatoren sind z.B. in den amerikanischen Patentschriften 2 834 748, 2 917 480 und 3 529 308 beschrieben.Polyether siloxanes, especially water-soluble representatives, are particularly suitable as foam stabilizers. These compounds are generally constructed in such a way that a copolymer is formed from Ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is linked to a polydimethylsiloxane residue. Such foam stabilizers are described, for example, in US Pat. Nos. 2,834,748, 2,917,480 and 3,529,308.
Erfindungsgemäß können ferner auch Reaktionsverzögerer, z.B. sauer reagierende Stoffe wie Salzsäure oder organische Säurehalogenide, ferner.Zellregler der an sich bekannten Art wie Paraffine oder Fettalkohole oder Dimethylpolysiloxane sowie Pigmente oder Farbstoffe und Flammschutzmittel der an sich bekannten Art, z.B. Tris-chloräthylphosphat, Trikresylphosphat oder Ammoniumphosphat und -polyphosphat, ferner Stabilisatoren gegen Alterungs- und Witterungseinflüsse, Weichmacher und fungistatisch und bakteriostatisch wirkende Substanzen sowie Füllstoffe wie Bariumsulfat, Kieselgur, Ruß oder Schlämmkreide mitverwendet werden.According to the invention, reaction retarders, e.g. acidic substances such as hydrochloric acid or organic acid halides, further cell regulators of the type known per se such as paraffins or fatty alcohols or dimethylpolysiloxanes as well as pigments or dyes and flame retardants of the type known per se, e.g. Tris-chloroethyl phosphate, tricresyl phosphate or ammonium phosphate and polyphosphate, furthermore stabilizers against aging and weather influences, plasticizers and fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances as well as fillers such as barium sulfate, diatomaceous earth, soot or sludge chalk are also used.
Weitere Beispiele von gegebenenfalls erfindungsgemäß mitzuverwendenden oberflächenaktiven Zusatzstoffen und Schaumstabilisatoren sowie Zellreglern, Reaktionsverzögerern, Stabilisatoren, flammhemmenden Substanzen, Weichmachern, Farbstoffen und Füllstoffen sowie fungistatisch und bakteriostatisch wirksamen Substanzen sowie Einzelheiten über Verwendungs- und Wirkungsweise dieser Zusatzmittel sind im Kunststoff-Handbuch, Band VII, herausgegeben von Vieweg und Höchtlein, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München 1966, z.B. auf den Seiten 103 bis 113 beschrieben.Further examples of surface-active additives and foam stabilizers to be used according to the invention, as well as cell regulators, reaction retarders, stabilizers, flame-retardant substances, plasticizers, dyes and fillers, as well as fungistatic and bacteriostatic substances, and details on the use and action of these additives are given in the Plastics Manual, Volume VII by Vieweg and Höchtlein, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich 1966, e.g. described on pages 103 to 113.
Die Reaktionskomponenten werden erfindungsgemäß nach dem an sich bekannten Einstufenverfahren, dem Prepolymerverfahren oder dem Semiprepolymerverfahren zur Umsetzung gebracht, wobei man sich oft maschineller Einrichtungen bedient, z.B. '' solcher, die in der amerikanischen Patentschrift 2 764 565 beschrieben werden. Einzelheiten über Verarbeitungseinrichtungen, die auch erfindungsgemäß infrage kommen, werden im Kunststoff-Handbuch, Band VII, herausgegeben von Vieweg und Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, München 1966, z.B. auf den Seiten 121 bis 205 beschrieben.According to the invention, the reaction components are reacted according to the one-step process, the prepolymer process or the semi-prepolymer process, which are known per se, machine equipment often being used, for example those which are described in US Pat. No. 2,764,565. Details of processing devices that are also suitable according to the invention are published in the Plastics Manual, Volume VII Vieweg and Höchtlen, Carl-Hanser-Verlag, Munich 1966, for example on pages 121 to 205.
Bei der Schaumstoffherstellung wird erfindungsgemäß die Verschäumung oft in Formen durchgeführt. Dabei wird das Reaktionsgemisch in eine Form eingetragen. Als Formmaterial kommt Metall, z.B. Aluminium, oder Kunststoff, z.B. Epoxidharz, in Frage. In der Form schäumt das schäumfähige Reaktionsgemisch auf und bildet den Formkörper. Die Formverschäumung kann dabei so durchgeführt werden, daß das Formteil an seiner Oberfläche Zellstruktur aufweist, es kann aber auch so durchgeführt werden, daß das Formteil eine kompakte Haut und einen zelligen Kern aufweist. Erfindungsgemäß kann man in diesem Zusammenhang so vorgehen, daß man in die Form so viel schäumfähiges Reaktionsgemisch einträgt, daß der gebildete Schaumstoff die Form gerade ausfüllt. Man kann aber auch so arbeiten, daß man mehr schäumfähiges Reaktionsgemisch in die Form einträgt, als zur Ausfüllung des Forminneren mit Schaumstoff notwendig ist. Im letztgenannten Fall wird somit unter "overcharging" gearbeitet; eine derartige Verfahrensweise.ist z.B. aus den amerikanischen Patentschriften 3 178 490 und 3 182 104 bekannt.In foam production, foaming is often carried out in molds according to the invention. The reaction mixture is introduced into a mold. Metal, e.g. Aluminum, or plastic, e.g. Epoxy resin, in question. The foamable reaction mixture foams in the mold and forms the shaped body. The foaming of the mold can be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a cell structure on its surface, but it can also be carried out in such a way that the molded part has a compact skin and a cellular core. According to the invention, one can proceed in this connection in such a way that so much foamable reaction mixture is introduced into the mold that the foam formed just fills the mold. However, it is also possible to work by adding more foamable reaction mixture to the mold than is necessary to fill the interior of the mold with foam. In the latter case, "overcharging" is used; such a procedure is e.g. known from U.S. Patents 3,178,490 and 3,182,104.
Bei der Formverschäumung werden vielfach an sich bekannte "äußere Trennmittel", wie Siliconöle, mitverwendet. Man kann aber auch sogenannte "innere Trennmittel", gegebenenfalls im Gemisch mit äußeren Trennmitteln, verwenden, wie sie z.B. aus den deutschen Offenlegungsschriften 2 121 670 und 2 307 589 bekanntgeworden sind.In the case of mold foaming, "external release agents" known per se, such as silicone oils, are often used. But you can also use so-called "internal release agents", optionally in a mixture with external release agents, such as those e.g. have become known from German Offenlegungsschriften 2 121 670 and 2 307 589.
Erfindungsgemäß lassen sich auch kalthärtende Schaumstoffe herstellen (vgl. britische Patentschrift 1 162 517, deutsche Offenlegungsschrift 2 153 086).Cold-curing foams can also be produced according to the invention (cf. British patent specification 1 162 517, German patent application specification 2 153 086).
Selbstverständlich können aber auch Schaumstoffe durch Blockverschäumung oder nach dem an sich bekannten Doppeltransportbandverfahren hergestellt werden.Of course, foams can also be produced by block foaming or by the double conveyor belt process known per se.
Die Mengen der Reaktionskomponenten werden im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bevorzugt so gewählt, daß das Molverhältnis von Polyisocyanaten zu Verbindungen mit reaktionsfähigen OH- und NH2-Gruppen - unabhängig vom jweils angewendeten verarbeitungsverfahren - in der Regel zwischen 0,9:1 und 1,5:1 liegt, vorzugsweise zwischen 1,05:1 und 1,25:1. Der Prozentgehalt an NCO im Prepolymer, falls über die Prepolymerstufe gearbeitet wird, kann z.B. 1 bis 6 Gew.-% betragen. Das Molverhältnis von reaktionsfähigem Wasserstoff des Kettenverlängerers zu reaktionsfähigen OH-Gruppen kann in weiten Grenzen variieren, vorzugsweise soll es zwischen 0,4:1 und 1,5:1 liegen, wobei weiche bis harte Polyurethan-Typen resultieren. Neben den erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Diaminen können als Kettenverlängerer anteilweise auch weitere Diamine oder auch Diole eingesetzt werden, z.B. solche, wie sie oben bei der Herstellung der Polyhydroxylverbindungen genannt wurden. Der Molenbruch des erfindungsgemäßen Amins im Kettenverlängerungsmittel soll aber zwischen 1 und 0,5 liegen, vorzugsweise zwischen 1 und 0,8.The amounts of the reaction components in the process according to the invention are preferably chosen so that the molar ratio of polyisocyanates to compounds having reactive OH and NH 2 groups - regardless of the processing method used in each case - generally between 0.9: 1 and 1.5: 1 is preferably between 1.05: 1 and 1.25: 1. The percentage of NCO in the prepolymer, if the prepolymer stage is used, can be, for example, 1 to 6% by weight. The molar ratio of reactive hydrogen of the chain extender to reactive OH groups can vary within wide limits, preferably it should be between 0.4: 1 and 1.5: 1, resulting in soft to hard types of polyurethane. In addition to the diamines to be used according to the invention, other diamines or diols can also be used in part as chain extenders, for example those as mentioned above in the preparation of the polyhydroxyl compounds. However, the mole fraction of the amine according to the invention in the chain extender should be between 1 and 0.5, preferably between 1 and 0.8.
Für das erfindungsgmäße Verfahren sind verschiedene Varianten möglich. So kann man z.B. die Verbindung mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen und einem Molekulargewicht von 400 - 10 000 mit einem Überschuß an Diisocyanat zur Reaktion bringen und nach der Zugabe des Kettenverlängerungsmittels die Schmelze in Formen gießen. Nach mehrstündigem Nachheizen ist ein hochwertiger elastischer Polyurethankunststoff entstanden.Various variants are possible for the method according to the invention. So you can e.g. react the compound having at least two hydroxyl groups and a molecular weight of 400-10,000 with an excess of diisocyanate and, after adding the chain extender, pour the melt into molds. After reheating for several hours, a high-quality elastic polyurethane plastic was created.
Eine weitere Ausführungsform.besteht darin, daß man die höhermolekulare Verbindung mit mindestens zwei Hydroxylgruppen im Gemisch mit dem Kettenverlängerungsmittel mit allgemeinen Verkehrswesen. Die Schaumstoffe können dabei entweder nach dem Formschäumungsverfahren hergestellt werden oder durch Konfektionierung aus blockgeschäumtem Material erhalten werden.Another embodiment consists in having the higher molecular compound with at least two hydroxyl groups in a mixture with the chain extender general transportation. The foams can either be produced by the molded foaming process or can be obtained from block-foamed material by assembly.
Die folgenden Beispiele erläutern das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren. Wo nicht anders vermerkt, sind Zahlenwerte als Gewichtsteile bzw. Gewichtsprozent zu verstehen.The following examples illustrate the process according to the invention. Unless otherwise noted, numerical values are to be understood as parts by weight or percent by weight.
(Die Struktur der nachstehend beschriebenen araliphatischen Diamine wurde durch ihre IR-, NMR - und Massenspektren sowie durch Elementaranalyse eindeutig nachgewiesen).(The structure of the araliphatic diamines described below was clearly demonstrated by their IR, NMR and mass spectra as well as by elemental analysis).
135 Teile Benzothiazol und 80 Teile Natriumhydroxid werden in 200 Teilen Wasser 3 Stunden unter Rückfluß gekocht. Nach dem Abkühlen auf 70°C werden 200 Teile Methanol hinzugefügt und bei 70°C innerhalb von 2 Stunden eine Lösung von 116 Teilen Chloräthylamin . HCl in 200 Teilen Wasser in den Ansatz getropft. Man rührt weitere 3 Stunden unter Rückfluß, kühlt ab und versetzt die Mischung mit einer Lösung von 50 Teilen Natriumhydroxid in 100 Teilen Wasser. Dann wird die organische Phase abgetrennt und die wäßrige Phase zweimal mit je 100 Teilen Toluol extrahiert.135 parts of benzothiazole and 80 parts of sodium hydroxide are refluxed in 200 parts of water for 3 hours. After cooling to 70 ° C, 200 parts of methanol are added and a solution of 116 parts of chloroethylamine at 70 ° C within 2 hours. HCl in 200 parts of water dripped into the batch. The mixture is stirred under reflux for a further 3 hours, cooled and a solution of 50 parts of sodium hydroxide in 100 parts of water is added to the mixture. Then the organic phase is separated and the aqueous phase extracted twice with 100 parts of toluene.
Die vereinigten org. Phasen werden eingedampft. Man erhält 156 Teile 2-(2-Aminoäthylthio)-anilin in Form einer gelblichen Flüssigkeit vom Siedepunkt 1250C/O,06 mm. Elementaranalyse C8H12N2S):
270 Teile Benzothiazol und 160 Teile Natriumhydroxid werden in 400 Teilen Wasser 3 Stunden unter Rückfluß gekocht. Nach dem Abkühlen auf 709C werden 250 Teile Methanol hinzugeführt und bei 70oC innerhalb von 2 Stunden eine Lösung von 260 Teilen 3-Chlorpropylamin - HCl in 500 Teilen Wasser in den Ansatz getropft. Nachdem man weitere 3 Stunden bei 100°C nachgerührt hat, wird abgekühlt und eine Lösung von 100 Teilen Natriumhydroxid in 200 Teilen Wasser hinzugefügt. Man trennt die organische Phase ab, wäscht die wäßrige Phase noch zweimal mit je 200 Teilen Toluol und dampft die vereinigten organischen Phasen ein.270 parts of benzothiazole and 160 parts of sodium hydroxide are refluxed in 400 parts of water for 3 hours. After cooling to 70 ° C., 250 parts of methanol are added and a solution of 260 parts of 3-chloropropylamine-HCl in 500 parts of water is added dropwise to the mixture at 70 ° C. in the course of 2 hours. After stirring for a further 3 hours at 100 ° C., the mixture is cooled and a solution of 100 parts of sodium hydroxide in 200 parts of water is added. The organic phase is separated off, the aqueous phase is washed twice with 200 parts of toluene and the combined organic phases are evaporated.
Es verbleiben 346 Teile 2-(3-Aminopropylthio)-anilin als gelbliche Flüssigkeit vom Siedepunkt 130oC/0,04 mm.There remain 346 parts of 2- (3-aminopropylthio) aniline as a yellowish liquid with a boiling point of 130 ° C./0.04 mm.
Elementaranalyse (C9H14N 2S):
135 Teile Benzothiazol und 80 Teile Natriumhydroxid werden in 200 Teilen Wasser 3 Stunden unter Rückfluß gekocht. Nach dem Abkühlen auf 60°C werden 600 Teile Methanol eingetragen und bei 70°C 224,7 Teile N-(6-Chlorhexyl)-O-tert.-butyl-urethan innerhalb von 2 Stunden zugetropft. Nachdem man weitere 3 Stunden bei 70°C nachgerührt hat, kühlt man ab und trennt die organische Phase ab. Die wäßrige Phase wird noch zweimal mit je 150 Teilen Toluol extrahiert und die organische Phase anschließend eingedampft. Es verbleiben 308 Teile einer gelben, viskosen Flüssigkeit, die zu 950 Teilen konzentrierter Salzsäure hinzugefügt werden. Man kocht 2 Stunden unter Rückfluß, kühlt ab und macht mit Natronlauge alkalisch. Anschließend wird die organische Phase abgetrennt, die wäßrige Phase noch zweimal mit je 200 Teilen Toluol extrahiert und die vereinigten organischen Phasen eingedampft. Es verbleiben 210 Teile 2-(6-Aminohexylthio)-anilin als gelbliche Flüssigkeit vom Siedepunkt 145°C/0,04 mm.135 parts of benzothiazole and 80 parts of sodium hydroxide are refluxed in 200 parts of water for 3 hours. After cooling to 60 ° C., 600 parts of methanol are introduced and 224.7 parts of N- (6-chlorohexyl) -O-tert-butyl-urethane are added dropwise at 70 ° C. in the course of 2 hours. After stirring for a further 3 hours at 70 ° C., the mixture is cooled and the organic phase is separated off. The aqueous phase is extracted twice with 150 parts of toluene and the organic phase is then evaporated. 308 parts of a yellow, viscous liquid remain, which are added to 950 parts of concentrated hydrochloric acid. The mixture is boiled under reflux for 2 hours, cooled and made alkaline with sodium hydroxide solution. The organic phase is then separated off, the aqueous phase is extracted twice with 200 parts of toluene and the combined organic phases are evaporated. 210 parts of 2- (6-aminohexylthio) aniline remain as a yellowish liquid with a boiling point of 145 ° C./0.04 mm.
Elementaranalyse (C12H20N2S):
Zu 100 Teilen eines Prepolymeren mit einem NCO-Gehalt von 3,7 % aus Polytetrahydrofuran vom mittleren Molekulargewicht 1500 und 2,4-Toluylendiisocyanat werden bei 110°C 7,28 Teile flüssiges 2-(2-Aminopropylthio)-anilin gegeben (NCO/NH2 = 1,1). Innerhalb von 30 Sekunden wird die Mischung homogenisiert und in eine vorgeheizte Form gegossen. Das reagierende Gemisch bleibt 7 Minuten gießbar. Nach einer Temperzeit von 24 h bei 110°C wird ein Gießling mit folgenden mechanischen Eigenschaften erhalten:
Zu 100 Teilen eines Prepolymeren mit einem NCO-Gehalt von 4,63 % aus einem Polyäthergemisch, bestehend aus 90 % eines Polypropylenglykols der OH-Zahl 56 und 10 % eines Polyäthertriols der OH-Zahl 35 (auf Trimethylolpropan gestartetes Mischpolymeres aus Propylenoxid und Äthylenoxid), Tetraäthylenglykol und 2,4-Toluylendiisocyanat, werden bei 1100C 8,41 Teile flüssiges 2-(2-Aminoäthylthio)-anilin gegeben (NCO/NH2 = 1,1). Innerhalb von 30 Sekunden wird die Mischung homogenisiert und in eine vorgeheizte Form gegossen. Das reagierende Gemisch bleibt 4 Minuten gießbar. Nach einer Temperzeit von 24 h bei 110°C wird ein Formkörper mit folgenden mechanischen Werten erhalten:
Beispiel 1 und 2 werden mit dem jeweils gleichen Ansatz wiederholt; die Vermischung mit den Diaminen erfolgte jedoch bei Raumtemperatur. Die Mischungen bleiben mehrere Stunden gießbar und werden danach in vorgeheizte Formen gegossen. Die erhaltenen Formkörper haben dieselben mechanischen Eigenschaften wie in Beispiel 1 und 2.Examples 1 and 2 are repeated with the same approach in each case; however, the mixing with the diamines was carried out at room temperature. The mixtures remain pourable for several hours and are then poured into preheated molds. The moldings obtained have the same mechanical properties as in Examples 1 and 2.
Halbharter Polyätherurethanschaum.Semi-hard polyurethane foam.
Es bedeuten
- T1 = Beginn der Treibreaktion
- T2 = Ende der Treibreaktion
- T3 = Klebfreiheit
- T4 = Aushärtezeit (nach dieser Zeit ist es von Hand nicht mehr möglich, Teile aus dem Schaum zu reißen).
- T 1 = start of the blowing reaction
- T 2 = end of the blowing reaction
- T 3 = freedom from tack
- T 4 = curing time (after this time it is no longer possible to tear parts out of the foam by hand).
Die Komponenten werden bei Raumtemperatur vermischt und mit 16,6 g eines rohen 4,4'-Diisocyanatodiphenylmethans mit einem NCO-Gehalt von 23 % verrührt.
- TJ = 10 sec.
- T2 = 30 sec.
- T3 = 62 sec.
- T4 = 62 sec.
- T J = 10 sec.
- T 2 = 30 sec.
- T 3 = 62 sec.
- T 4 = 62 sec.
Nach Entformung wird ein hochelastischer halbharter Schaumkörper erhalten (Raumgewicht: ca. 400 mg/cm3).After removal from the mold, a highly elastic, semi-hard foam body is obtained (density: approx. 40 0 mg / cm 3 ).
Beispiel 5 wird unter Verwendung von 100 g des trifunktionellen Polyäthers wiederholt; als araliphatisches schwefelhaltiges Diamin werden 10 g 2-(2-Aminopropylthio)-anilin und zusätzlich als niedermolkulares Glykol 5 g N-Methyl-diäthanolamin eingesetzt. Die Menge an Diphenylmethandiisocyanat beträgt 47 g.
- T 1 = 8 sec.
- T2 = 30 sec.
- T3 = 55 sec.
- T 4 = 55 sec.
- T 1 = 8 sec.
- T 2 = 30 sec.
- T 3 = 55 sec.
- T 4 = 55 sec.
Nach der Entformung wird ein hochelastischer, halbharter Schaumkörper erhalten, der ein besonders niedriges Raumgewicht aufweist.After removal from the mold, a highly elastic, semi-hard foam body is obtained which has a particularly low density.
Beispiel 6 wird unter Verwendung von 2-(2-Aminohexyl- thio)-anilin wiederholt.
- T1 = 8 sec.
- T2 = 28 sec.
- T 3 = 47 sec.
- T 4 = 49 sec.
- T 1 = 8 sec.
- T 2 = 28 sec.
- T 3 = 47 sec.
- T 4 = 49 sec.
Nach der Entformung wird ein hochelastischer Schaumkörper mit niedrigem Raumgewicht erhalten.After removal from the mold, a highly elastic foam body with a low density is obtained.
- a) Der Polyester und das Addukt werden bei 110°C unter Rühren im Wasserstrahlvakuum entwässert. Das Gemisch wird auf 80°C abgekühlt und das Butandiol eingerührt. Nach 10-minütigem Rühren wird das Diisocyanat zugegegeben und bei 80°C verrührt, bis ein NCO-Wert von 2,8 erreicht ist (ca. 2 Stunden). Dann wird bei 60°C das Diamin zugegeben und bei 60°C gerührt, bis die Schmelze NCO-frei ist (ca. 30 Minuten). Der Feststoff läßt sich mit Wasser sehr gut in eine feinteilige Dispersion umwandeln, die bei einem Feststoffgehalt von 30,4 % eine Fordbecherviskosität (4 mm Düse) von 12 Sekunden hat. Das mittlere Molekulargewicht des Feststoffes beträgt 3280. Der Feststoff enthält 23,6 Milliäquivalente pro 100 g (1,89 %) an S03 θ-Gruppen.a) The polyester and the adduct are dewatered at 110 ° C. with stirring in a water jet vacuum. The mixture is cooled to 80 ° C. and the butanediol is stirred in. After stirring for 10 minutes, the diisocyanate is added and the mixture is stirred at 80 ° C. until an NCO value of 2.8 is reached (about 2 hours). Then the diamine is added at 60 ° C. and the mixture is stirred at 60 ° C. until the melt is free of NCO (approx. 30 minutes). The solid can convert very well with water into a finely divided dispersion that has a Ford cup viscosity (4 mm nozzle) of 12 seconds with a solids content of 30.4%. The average molecular weight of the solid is 3280. The solid contains 23.6 milliequivalents per 100 g (1.89%) of S0 3 θ groups.
-
b) 607 g der obigen Dispersion werden mit 9,6 g eines 80 : 20 - Gemisches aus 2,4- und 2,6-Diisocvanatotoluol 10 Minuten lang verrührt. Danach werden analog
zu DOS 2708442 weitere 9,6 g des obigen Isocyanat-Gemisches zugegeben und gerührt, bis kein Isocyanat mehr gefunden wird. Man erhält eine sedimentationsstabile Dispersion, die im durchscheinenden Licht einen Tyndall-Effekt zeigt. Bei einem Feststoffgehalt von 32,8 % hat die Dispersion eine Fordbecherviskosität (4 mm Düse) von 12,7 Sekunden. Ihr pH-Wert beträgt 4,5. Ein Film aus dieser Dispersion ist sehr hart und klebt nicht.b) 607 g of the above dispersion are stirred with 9.6 g of an 80:20 mixture of 2,4- and 2,6-diisocvanatotoluene for 10 minutes. After that, be analog
a further 9.6 g of the above isocyanate mixture are added to DOS 2708442 and the mixture is stirred until no more isocyanate is found. A sedimentation-stable dispersion is obtained which shows a Tyndall effect in the translucent light. With a solids content of 32.8%, the dispersion has a Ford cup viscosity (4 mm nozzle) of 12.7 seconds. Your pH is 4.5. A film made from this dispersion is very hard and does not stick.
Zu 601 g der Dispersion aus Beispiel 8a werden 18,4 q eines Bisepoxids, der Formel
in 50 g Aceton gelöst, bei Raumtemperatur zugegeben. Das Gemisch wird anschließend auf 80°C aufgeheizt und 4 Stunden bei dieser Temperatur gerührt. Hierbei wird die geringe Menge Aceton im Wasserstrahlvakuum abgezogen. Man erhält eine zentrifugenstabile Dispersion (15 Minuten bei 3500 U/Min) mit einer Fordbecherauslaufzeit ( 4 mm Düse) von 14,4 Sekunden bei einem Feststoffgehalt von 39,5 %. Der pH-Wert beträgt 4,5. Die Dispersion kann z.B. als Haftstrich auf den verschiedensten Materialien wie z.B. Textil oder Leder eingesetzt werden.dissolved in 50 g acetone, added at room temperature. The mixture is then heated to 80 ° C. and stirred for 4 hours at this temperature. The small amount of acetone is drawn off in a water jet vacuum. You get one Centrifuge-stable dispersion (15 minutes at 3500 rpm) with a Ford cup run-out time (4 mm nozzle) of 14.4 seconds with a solids content of 39.5%. The pH is 4.5. The dispersion can be used, for example, as an adhesive coating on a wide variety of materials such as textiles or leather.
Zu 500 g der Dispersion aus Beispiel 8a werden 11,4 g verflüssigtes, warmes 4,4'-Diisocyanato-diphenyl-methan gegeben und das Gemisch langsam unter Rühren auf 80°C erwärmt. Bei dieser Temperatur wird noch 4 Stunden nachgerührt. Die Dispersion ist dann isocyanatfrei.11.4 g of liquefied, warm 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane are added to 500 g of the dispersion from Example 8a and the mixture is slowly heated to 80 ° C. with stirring. At this temperature, stirring is continued for 4 hours. The dispersion is then free of isocyanate.
Man erhält eine feinteilige Dispersion, die im durchscheinenden Licht einen Tyndall-Effekt aufweist. Die Dispersion hat einen pH-Wert von 7,5. Die Fordbecherauslaufzeit (4 mm-Düse) beträgt 35,3 Sekunden bei einem Feststoffgehalt von 35,3 %.A finely divided dispersion is obtained which has a Tyndall effect in the translucent light. The dispersion has a pH of 7.5. The Ford cup run-out time (4 mm nozzle) is 35.3 seconds with a solids content of 35.3%.
Der Film aus der Dispersion ist klebfrei und hart.The film from the dispersion is tack-free and hard.
Claims (6)
R "' einen gegebenenfalls verzweigten Alkylrest mit 1 bis 6 C-Atomen bedeutet.
R "'denotes an optionally branched alkyl radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
in der
in the
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19772734574 DE2734574A1 (en) | 1977-07-30 | 1977-07-30 | THIOGROUPPIC POLYURETHANE PLASTICS |
| DE2734574 | 1977-07-30 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0000551A1 true EP0000551A1 (en) | 1979-02-07 |
| EP0000551B1 EP0000551B1 (en) | 1981-04-01 |
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ID=6015332
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP78100451A Expired EP0000551B1 (en) | 1977-07-30 | 1978-07-20 | Polyurethane resins containing thio groups and process for their preparation |
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| US (1) | US4254229A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0000551B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE2734574A1 (en) |
| IT (1) | IT7850514A0 (en) |
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| DE3932949A1 (en) * | 1989-10-03 | 1991-04-11 | Bayer Ag | ELASTIC FIBERS HIGH EXPANSABILITY AND STRENGTH AND A METHOD FOR THEIR PRODUCTION |
| TW209231B (en) * | 1990-10-29 | 1993-07-11 | Akzo Nv | |
| DE19718065A1 (en) * | 1997-04-29 | 1998-11-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Detergent for post-curing polyurethane hotmelts |
| US6111052A (en) * | 1997-04-30 | 2000-08-29 | Medtronic, Inc. | Polyurethane and polyurea biomaterials for use in medical devices |
| DE10053890A1 (en) * | 2000-10-31 | 2002-05-16 | Basf Coatings Ag | Polyurethanes and polymer mixtures containing sulfide groups on this basis, as well as their preparation and their use |
| US8822623B2 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2014-09-02 | Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) | High index and high impact resistant poly(thio)urethane/urea material, method of manufacturing same and its use in the optical field |
| US7767779B2 (en) * | 2001-11-14 | 2010-08-03 | Essilor International Compagnie Generale D'optique | High index and high impact resistant polythiourethane/urea material, method of manufacturing same and its use in the optical field |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3897400A (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-07-29 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Polyurethane cured with an aromatic monosulfide diamine |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1161915A (en) * | 1966-06-03 | 1969-08-20 | Ciba Ltd | Pharmaceutical Preparations comprising Sulphur-Containing Amino-Compounds for the Treatment of Depressive Conditions |
| FR92377E (en) * | 1966-12-26 | 1968-10-31 | Kuhlmann Ets | Polyurethane-polyurea composition resulting in a single stage in a cellular product and a compact elastomer |
| DE1809172C3 (en) * | 1968-11-15 | 1979-10-11 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Process for the production of polyurethane elastomers |
| US3586649A (en) * | 1968-12-12 | 1971-06-22 | Gen Tire & Rubber Co | Polyurethane foam structures with integral skin of improved properties and method of making |
| US3789072A (en) * | 1970-04-22 | 1974-01-29 | Squibb & Sons Inc | Carboxamides |
| US4031049A (en) * | 1970-08-03 | 1977-06-21 | Furane Plastics, Inc. | Polyurethane cross-linking agents |
| US3920617A (en) * | 1970-08-03 | 1975-11-18 | Furane Plastics | Sulfur-containing polyamine curing agents for polyurethanes and method for making and using the same |
| US3905944A (en) * | 1973-05-21 | 1975-09-16 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Polyurethane prepared with 4,4{40 -diamino diphenyl disulfide |
-
1977
- 1977-07-30 DE DE19772734574 patent/DE2734574A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1978
- 1978-07-20 EP EP78100451A patent/EP0000551B1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-20 DE DE7878100451T patent/DE2860577D1/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-28 IT IT7850514A patent/IT7850514A0/en unknown
-
1979
- 1979-12-26 US US06/106,976 patent/US4254229A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3897400A (en) * | 1973-12-26 | 1975-07-29 | Goodyear Tire & Rubber | Polyurethane cured with an aromatic monosulfide diamine |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE2860577D1 (en) | 1981-04-23 |
| IT7850514A0 (en) | 1978-07-28 |
| DE2734574A1 (en) | 1979-02-08 |
| US4254229A (en) | 1981-03-03 |
| EP0000551B1 (en) | 1981-04-01 |
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