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EP0054599A1 - Brûleur pour combustible liquide - Google Patents

Brûleur pour combustible liquide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0054599A1
EP0054599A1 EP80810409A EP80810409A EP0054599A1 EP 0054599 A1 EP0054599 A1 EP 0054599A1 EP 80810409 A EP80810409 A EP 80810409A EP 80810409 A EP80810409 A EP 80810409A EP 0054599 A1 EP0054599 A1 EP 0054599A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fuel
burner
feed line
evaporation
edge
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP80810409A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hellmut Gutmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Maschinenwerke Altenrhein AG
Original Assignee
Maschinenwerke Altenrhein AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Maschinenwerke Altenrhein AG filed Critical Maschinenwerke Altenrhein AG
Priority to EP80810409A priority Critical patent/EP0054599A1/fr
Publication of EP0054599A1 publication Critical patent/EP0054599A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/44—Preheating devices; Vaporising devices
    • F23D11/441—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners
    • F23D11/448—Vaporising devices incorporated with burners heated by electrical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23K—FEEDING FUEL TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS
    • F23K5/00—Feeding or distributing other fuel to combustion apparatus
    • F23K5/02—Liquid fuel
    • F23K5/04—Feeding or distributing systems using pumps

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner for liquid fuels, with an evaporation channel in which the fuel can be supplied to a heatable evaporation surface and through which evaporation channel the combustion air is conveyed and supplied to a combustion chamber with evaporated fuel through a burner nozzle.
  • a burner of this type is described in Swiss patent 488 148. As can be seen from this patent, such a burner permits complete soot-free combustion and high efficiency, at least in continuous operation.
  • the fuel is supplied through an annular slot nozzle at the inner end of the evaporation channel. It has been shown that this version makes it difficult to maintain optimal conditions when switching the burner on and off and also limits the ability to regulate.
  • the burner according to the invention is characterized in that the evaporation surface has an edge which is stowed in the direction of passage of the air and distributes transversely to this direction, and that Lich this direction of passage a fuel supply line opens out at least at one point outside the edge.
  • the aforementioned jamming and distributing edge on the evaporation unit surface now also allows the fuel to be supplied in a few places in the form of fine jets which emerge through outlet openings arranged at a distance above the evaporation surface and which preferably have a diameter of 0.2-0. 4 mm in diameter.
  • This type of fuel supply now in turn allows the fuel to be sucked back out of the fuel supply lines and the fuel nozzles in the event of an interruption in operation, and this possibility is of particular importance for reliable and clean operation by avoiding the after-smoking which occurs with other burners and the formation of unburned oil vapor and oil soot can be.
  • FIG. 1 shows the burner 1 largely in side view, only two sealing rings 2 and 3 on the burner flange or at the outlet opening of the burner are shown in section.
  • the heating knife rests on these seals with an outer flange 4 or with the inner wall 5 of the boiler.
  • the hollow, water-filled inner wall 5 of the boiler is cylindrical, and it is connected via an upper annular space to a number of cylindrical lateral trains 6, in which baffles 7 are installed. From the trains 6, the combustion gases emerge from below into an annular space 8, from which they emerge through the exhaust pipe 9.
  • the boiler has a flow connection 10 and a return connection 11.
  • the boiler is fastened to a support 12 and the burner is detachably suspended from the boiler by means of quick-release fasteners 13.
  • the combustion air is fed to the burner by means of a controllable fan, not shown, through a combustion air supply line 14. It will be explained later why the burner described in more detail below, together with the boiler according to FIG. 1, allows a particularly high efficiency and high specific thermal output to be achieved.
  • the burner shown in more detail in FIGS. 2 and 3 has a burner flange 15 which, according to FIG. 1, is connected to the boiler.
  • a burner shell 16 is screwed to the burner flange 15 by means of screws 17.
  • the burner flange 15 is further screwed to a cover plate 19, a guide plate 20 and an upper burner plate 21, which consists of one piece with a cylindrical combustion chamber 22 with heat exchanger fins 23.
  • a lower burner plate 24 is installed, which is provided on the underside with a spiral groove, in which an electrical heating element is inserted. In the drawing, only the heat-resistant insulation in these grooves is indicated, but not the inserted heating wire.
  • the burner plate 24 can thus be heated electrically to a thermostatically controlled temperature, so that its evaporation surface 25 at the top can be heated to a temperature of, for example, 250-300 ° C.
  • the temperature can be selected according to the fuel to be used so that all parts of the fuel evaporate completely on the evaporation surface 25.
  • the upper burner plate 21 lies with curved guide ribs on the evaporation surface 25 of the lower burner plate 24, namely, as shown in FIG. 3, a ring of outer guide ribs 26 and a ring of inner guide ribs 27 is provided. Between these guide ribs there is an annular groove 28, the cross section of which can be seen in FIG. 5.
  • a fuel feed line 29 or its nozzle 30 opens out with an outlet opening 31.
  • the diameter of the outlet opening 31 is 0.2 to 0.4 mm
  • the length of the nozzle channel is round 4 mm
  • the inner diameter of the feed line 29 is considerably larger than the diameter of the nozzle channel and is 0.5 to 1.0 mm.
  • the height of the evaporation channel 32 formed between the plates 21 and 24 is approximately 4 mm and the nozzle 30 is arranged approximately symmetrically between the two plates, that is to say at a distance of approximately 2 mm above the evaporation surface 25 of the plate 24 or above the groove 28
  • a slit-shaped burner opening 34 is formed, which is narrower than the evaporation channel 32.
  • the combustible mixture passes through this burner opening at a speed of 15 to 150 m / sec . off, so that the combustion cannot strike back into the evaporation channel 32.
  • the combustion air is supplied from a controllable fan (not shown) via a feed line 14 shown in FIG. 1 through the connector 35 into an annular space formed between the burner flange 15 and the cover 19, from which the air supplied between the sheets 19 and 20 goes up and then up flows downward along the heat exchanger fins 23 and outwards via the upper burner plate 21 into an annular space 37, from which it does not get inside between the burner plates 21 and 24 through the evaporation channel 32.
  • the combustion air is heated in the process and is set into strong rotation by the guide ribs 26 and 27 in the evaporation channel, and the combustible mixture then exits the burner opening 34 with a correspondingly strong rotation.
  • the fuel is supplied via a nozzle 38 from a ring line, not shown.
  • three oil feed lines 29 or nozzles 30, each offset by 120 °, are arranged.
  • ignition electrodes 39 At the bottom of the burner chamber there are ignition electrodes 39, one of which is shown in FIG. 2 and to which the ignition voltage can be supplied via terminals 40.
  • FIG. 6 schematically shows a fuel vessel 41, from which a fuel pump 42 can draw fuel through a filter and bring it to a pressure of 5-10 bar.
  • a pressure regulator 45 with a servomotor 46, for example a stepping motor, which pressure regulator 45 allows the pressure to be regulated to 0.2 to 2 bar.
  • This pressure is displayed by means of a manometer 47 and monitored by means of a pressure switch 48.
  • An electrovalve 49 follows, which can either direct the fuel to the next branch of the feed line 44 and via a filter to the individual feed lines 29 or via a flow resistance back into the fuel vessel 41.
  • the pressure side of the pump 42 is connected via a flow resistance 50 to a cylinder 51, in which a spring-loaded piston 52 is located.
  • the other side of the cylinder is connected to the fuel nozzles.
  • the pressure side of the cylinder 51 is connected to the return line via a solenoid valve 53.
  • a blower 54 promotes the fuel air, the amount of which can be regulated by a flap 55 which is connected to an actuator 56.
  • the electrical heating of the lower burner plate 24 is switched on. It takes 5 to 10 minutes to heat up to the required temperature. During this time, the pressure regulator 45 and the air flap 55 are moved from a closed position into an approximately 20 to 30% open position brings. When the required temperature of the lower burner plate 24 is reached, the thermostat monitoring the temperature of this plate causes the actual activation. Here, the blower, not shown, and the pump 42 are turned on, and the solenoid valve 53 is opened. The heating, however, is switched off. As indicated in FIG.
  • a pre-purge begins for about 10 seconds, ie any residues of combustible or explosive gases are blown out of the burner and / or the boiler.
  • the valve 49 is still in the off position, ie no oil is supplied to the fuel nozzles. Excess oil can thus flow back to the fuel tank 41 via the valves 49 and 53.
  • the ignition is switched on with a delay of about 5 seconds during the pre-purge.
  • the pressure switch 48 controls the switchover to operation, ie the valve 49 is reversed so that oil of the selected pressure and with the selected amount can now reach the fuel nozzles.
  • the valve 53 is also reversed, as a result of which the pump pressure now acts on the piston 52 and pushes it to the right against the action of the spring. Fuel is displaced from the cylinder 51. The fuel supplied is immediately evaporated on the plate 24, and a combustible mixture thus immediately arises, which is ignited above the burner opening 34. The fuel flows from the nozzles 30 into the groove 28 in a closed jet, and the inner vertical edge 28 '(FIG. 5) of this groove acts as a stowage and distributing edge, ie the fuel supplied is distributed in the circumferential direction in the groove 28 and flows out this groove in a thin film inside.
  • the distribution of the fuel is supported here by the strongly rotating flow of the supplied combustion air directed in the direction of the fuel outflow from the nozzles. There is therefore a controlled, clean evaporation of the fuel without fuel particles being carried away by the combustion air and reaching the flame area without being evaporated.
  • the ignition is switched off approximately 5 seconds after the start of operation. However, 3 seconds after the start of operation, a flame detector (not shown), which is active during the entire operation, as shown in FIG. 7, has determined that no combustion has yet taken place, the control, which preferably contains a microcomputer, is switched back to the position V, at which pre-rinsing begins. The processes for preparing for the start of operation are therefore run through again, so that start of operation can take place again at time B, as described. FIG.
  • the burner output can now be regulated during operation by regulating the fuel supply by adjusting the pressure regulator 45 and at the same time the combustion air supply by adjusting the air flap 55.
  • the lower burner plate 24 is normally heated sufficiently by heat radiation and heat conduction through the fins 26 and 27 from the upper burner plate 21, so that the electric heater only has to be switched on temporarily to reheat. As can be seen in FIG. 7, this can be the case with large burner outputs, because the correspondingly higher amount of fuel requires more heat of vaporization.
  • solenoid valve 49 is reversed so that no more fuel reaches the fuel nozzles.
  • the fan and pump 42 continue to run for 5 seconds to rinse the burner and boiler.
  • the solenoid valve 53 is opened for 15 seconds, whereby the pressure on the cylinder 51 coincides.
  • the spring can therefore now move the piston 52 back into the rest position shown, fuel being sucked in through the connected line. This causes the fuel to be sucked back out of the fuel nozzles and the feed lines 29, so that in no fuel remains in these vessels located in the area of high temperatures.
  • this measure is essential for clean and safe burner operation.
  • the switch-off takes place at time A, with which all parts return to the starting position and the burner is ready for a new switch-on and start of operation.
  • FIG. 8 shows an embodiment variant of the control device, in which corresponding parts are identified in the same way as in FIG. 6.
  • the pump 42 is followed by an on and off valve 57.
  • a similar solenoid valve 58 is provided, which in one operating position supplies the fuel with regulated pressure and in a controlled quantity to the nozzles, and in the other position connects the fuel nozzles with a suction line 59, which connects to the suction side of the pump 42 connected is.
  • the filters, the pressure switch and the pressure gauges shown in FIG. 6 are omitted in FIG. 8 for the sake of simplicity.
  • valve 57 is switched so that pressure oil from pump 42 to pressure regulator 45 and from there via valve 58 to the fuel nozzles.
  • both valves 57 and 58 are reversed, and since the pump 42 continues to run somewhat, as shown in FIG the fuel tank 41 back. This embodiment thus allows the energy store 51, 52, according to FIG. 6, to be used.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show design variants of the fuel nozzle. Otherwise, these figures correspond to FIG. 4.
  • one is at the end closed feed line 29, which has the same dimensions as the feed line 29 according to FIG. 4, is provided with a bore 61 which is inclined slightly downward to the groove 28 and which acts as a nozzle.
  • the diameter of this nozzle bore is of the same order of magnitude as that of the nozzle bore according to FIG. 4, namely between 0.2 and 0.4 mm.
  • FIG. 10 shows a further embodiment variant in which the nozzle feed line 29 is completely closed at the front end and has a downwardly directed nozzle bore 62. This bore also has corresponding dimensions, namely a diameter of 0.2 to 0.4 mm.
  • FIG. 11 corresponds to FIG. 5 and shows an embodiment variant in which, instead of the groove 28 on the evaporation surface within the fuel nozzle 30, there is a damming edge 63 which extends over the entire circumference of the burner plate 24.
  • the inner part of the evaporation surface is thus slightly increased compared to the outer part.
  • the purpose and effect of this jamming edge corresponds to that of the groove 28 or its edge 28 '.
  • the fuel is supported by the strong swirl of the incoming combustion air along the groove 28 or along the distribution edge 63 evenly distributed and partly evaporates directly from the groove, partly from a thin film flowing inwards over the edge.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pressure-Spray And Ultrasonic-Wave- Spray Burners (AREA)
EP80810409A 1980-12-22 1980-12-22 Brûleur pour combustible liquide Withdrawn EP0054599A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80810409A EP0054599A1 (fr) 1980-12-22 1980-12-22 Brûleur pour combustible liquide

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP80810409A EP0054599A1 (fr) 1980-12-22 1980-12-22 Brûleur pour combustible liquide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0054599A1 true EP0054599A1 (fr) 1982-06-30

Family

ID=8187469

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80810409A Withdrawn EP0054599A1 (fr) 1980-12-22 1980-12-22 Brûleur pour combustible liquide

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP0054599A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0667491A3 (fr) * 1994-02-12 1996-03-27 Suntec Ind France Sa Dispositif d'alimentation en fuel pour brûleur à fuel.
WO2006050824A1 (fr) * 2004-11-10 2006-05-18 Daimlerchrysler Ag Systeme d'alimentation en carburant pour appareil de chauffage de vehicule automobile

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE550648C (de) * 1928-01-14 1932-05-13 Umberto Magini Schalenbrenner fuer fluessige Brennstoffe, in welchen die Verbrennungsluft durch einen zentrischen Kanal sowie durch eine Anzahl seitlicher OEffnungen einstroemt
AT139538B (de) * 1932-08-22 1934-11-26 Bataafsche Petroleum Vorrichtung zur Heizung mittels flüssigen Brennstoffes.
AT211937B (de) * 1957-06-12 1960-11-10 Paul Ayasse Heizölbrenner mit einer in der Form eines endlosen Kanales ausgebildeten geschlossenen Verdampfungskammer
CH488148A (de) * 1966-09-16 1970-03-31 Gysi Olga Verfahren zur vollständigen, russfreien Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff, insbesondere Schwerbrennstoff, und Verbrennungsanlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
DE1501775A1 (de) * 1966-01-07 1970-08-20 Ayasse Paul Heizoelbrenner

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE550648C (de) * 1928-01-14 1932-05-13 Umberto Magini Schalenbrenner fuer fluessige Brennstoffe, in welchen die Verbrennungsluft durch einen zentrischen Kanal sowie durch eine Anzahl seitlicher OEffnungen einstroemt
AT139538B (de) * 1932-08-22 1934-11-26 Bataafsche Petroleum Vorrichtung zur Heizung mittels flüssigen Brennstoffes.
AT211937B (de) * 1957-06-12 1960-11-10 Paul Ayasse Heizölbrenner mit einer in der Form eines endlosen Kanales ausgebildeten geschlossenen Verdampfungskammer
DE1501775A1 (de) * 1966-01-07 1970-08-20 Ayasse Paul Heizoelbrenner
CH488148A (de) * 1966-09-16 1970-03-31 Gysi Olga Verfahren zur vollständigen, russfreien Verbrennung von flüssigem Brennstoff, insbesondere Schwerbrennstoff, und Verbrennungsanlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0667491A3 (fr) * 1994-02-12 1996-03-27 Suntec Ind France Sa Dispositif d'alimentation en fuel pour brûleur à fuel.
WO2006050824A1 (fr) * 2004-11-10 2006-05-18 Daimlerchrysler Ag Systeme d'alimentation en carburant pour appareil de chauffage de vehicule automobile

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PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

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AK Designated contracting states

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Designated state(s): CH DE FR LI SE

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Effective date: 19821211

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Effective date: 19840221

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Inventor name: GUTMANN, HELLMUT