EP0048016B1 - Ventilating and heating system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ventilating and heating apparatus for rooms of particularly high headrooms. It comprises one or more air-heating units and one or more room heating units. A feature of the apparatus is that the room is equipped with ventilating openings directed to the sojourn space of the room, injecting in summer and drawing in winter as well as with ventilating openings directed to the space under the ceiling, injecting in winter and drawing in summer. The power regulator unit of the air heating unit and the power regulator unit of the room heating unit are in connection with an automatic regulator unit forcing first the air heating unit, afterwards the room heating unit to decrease their power if the value of heat sensation indicated by the sensor unit of heat sensation exceeds an a longer period an adjusted equilibrium value; and inversely, forcing first the room heating unit, afterwards the air heating unit of the room to increase their power if a lower value of heat sensation is indicated on a longer period. The sensor unit of heat sensation is featured in that its sensing element is in connection with an electric heater of at least 30 W/m2 power related to the surface of its cover, supplying a heating of expediently instant and selectable or adjustable power during operation.

Description

The invention relates to a ventilation and heating system for rooms, in particular for halls with a high ceiling, which system has facilities for supplying the supply air to the room to be ventilated or heated and facilities for extracting the exhaust air, as well as at least one supply air heating unit Heating the supply air and at least one room heating unit for heating the room, with both the supply air heating unit and the room heating unit being assigned a power control device and a comfort sensor.

Previously known ventilation and heating systems of the type mentioned have numerous defects which result in an undesirable temperature stratification in the vertical direction, furthermore a considerable expenditure of heating energy required for heating and air heating and the so-called short-circuit flow and inadequate purging of the room to have.

In these known ventilation and heating systems, the air is blown in at such a high temperature in winter that it covers at least part of the room heat loss ("Heating Systems _" , Chapter 7, 3 VDI Verlag 1974). No separate radiators are provided in the room The radiators installed there are used during operation to ensure a minimum heating output, the so-called basic heating. A disadvantage of the systems mentioned is that the warm supply air blown in in any direction, which mixes with the room air, due to their low specific weight rises in the roof space and heats it, which is why an undesirable temperature stratification occurs in the room in winter, which means that the roof space necessarily heats up in order to achieve a corresponding level of comfort in the lounge area. As a result, a lot of energy is consumed , because considerable amounts of heat with a high tem exhaust air with temperature reach the outside.

The air rising after the mixing escapes on the one hand due to the structural conditions, on the other hand the air that enters the room via the suction openings near the roof is partly released again on the short-circuit path without it penetrating into the occupied zone and there for air improvement contributes. This air, which flows in the short circuit, also uses energy to warm it up, which is therefore lost.

In another known group of ventilation and heating systems, the energy needed for space heating is fully covered by an independent space heating ( "Le _h r-book of the heating and ventilation and air conditioning," force, VEB-Verlag Technik, Berlin 1977) . This space heating can be arranged in the room enclosing walls or in the ceiling constructions. In other cases there are radiant heaters or radiators with convective heat emission, possibly so-called circulation heaters. The associated ventilation systems blow the warmed air into the room at a temperature that corresponds to the room air temperature.

In the known systems mentioned above, the automatic power control is carried out in such a way that separate power controllers are used for both the space heating and the air heating. In another known device for the individual air conditioning of individual rooms of a building (CH-A-555 519) with the aid of a ventilation system, the air used for the air renewal and humidification of the rooms is supplied to the individual rooms by an air treatment and conveying system with a maximum of the base value supplied for the corresponding room temperature and with the help of a central heating system, whose radiators, controlled by a room thermostat, cover at least a significant part of the transmission losses of each room, individually reheated to the desired temperature in the individual rooms. In order to ensure that only the air volumes corresponding to the required cooling capacity are supplied to the room, the two subsystems are coupled to one another via actuators controlled one after the other by the room thermostat, which, in the event of deviations from the set target value of the room temperature, with a minimum air volume given by the required air exchange control the amount of heat supplied to the room via the radiators of the heating system and - in the event of deviations from the setpoint upwards, with a maximum of minimal heat output from the radiators, the amount of cold supply air. However, as has been shown, this ventilation and heating system is only advantageous for relatively low halls, but is energetically disadvantageous in high halls and disadvantageous with regard to air renewal.

In another known system, an automatic power control is used, in which the room temperature sensor is coupled to a comfort sensor. Although these systems offer certain advantages over those previously mentioned, they also cannot eliminate the disadvantage of the unfavorable temperature stratification, in particular of hall-like buildings with a large room height, since the air heated by the radiators escapes unhindered into the upper part of a high room due to the buoyancy.

In the known systems, the fact that the air is blown or sucked through the same openings both in summer and in winter has proven to be particularly disadvantageous. As a result, considerable energy losses have to be accepted either in summer or in winter, in many cases even in both periods.

In most known systems, the supply air is blown into the upper part of the air space («Textbook of heating and ventilation and Air conditioning technology », Kraft, VEB-Verlag Technik, Berlin 1977). As a result, the air supplied above is warm, but the outside air does not get to the intended places in the room, ie to the ventilation area to be ventilated. In summer, however, the cold air jet directed downwards can cause drafts in the occupied zone. In order to eliminate these disadvantages, air inlets have been developed which have a downward blowing device for winter ventilation and a distribution device for summer ventilation. However, this solution has not proven itself in practice, because in summer the blown-in cold air mixes with the rising exhaust air or returns it, so that favorable temperature stratification in the vertical direction is reduced in summer.

A heating system is also known (DE-A-2 041961), which is equipped with a blowing unit for the ventilation of one or more rooms and preferably with a heat exchanger provided for air heating and a blower which is connected to a ventilation duct system which is connected via two channels to injection valves in rooms and to separate heating elements arranged in them. In this heating system, the entire ventilation heat requirement of the rooms and a large part of the transmission heat requirement at low outside temperatures is covered by blowing in warm air, the temperature of which is automatically regulated depending on the desired room temperature and the outside temperature, the heating elements being used to cover the remaining transmission heat requirement Find.

With this known system, temperature-dependent heating of rooms is possible, taking into account the heat demand resulting from the ventilation of the rooms, but no precautions are taken to avoid an unfavorable temperature stratification in the rooms heated or ventilated in the event that they do Rooms are relatively high.

It is also known to use comfort sensors in ventilation and heating systems, which are temperature sensors which are generally arranged in protective tubes. However, this arrangement is disadvantageous for the following reasons. The measured temperature is mainly influenced by the temperature occurring on the jacket and only to a lesser extent by the heat radiation. The air speed has no influence, although it and the heat radiation essentially determine the comfort. Part of the comfort sensor is heated via an internal electrical measuring circuit with low heating output. In other cases, an electrical heater is arranged on the surface of the casing or within it, which can be switched on and off by an automatic controller. In a typical embodiment of this last-mentioned construction, the electrical heating takes place by means of a thermal return (“Heizungsaniagen _M , chapter 8, 3, VDI-Verlag 1974). This means that if the thermostat has switched on the heating, the thermal feedback heating is also switched on. In another known solution (“Heating systems”, chapters 8, 3, VDI Verlag 1974), the electrical heating arranged in the thermostat and set to a basic value is used for the so-called thermal shift, for example by the heating spiral remaining switched on in the case of a lowered night heating.

The object of the present invention is now to provide a ventilation and heating system for rooms, in particular halls with a large room height, which, based on the features contained in the preamble of claim 1, 2 or claim 3, enables the energetically unfavorable temperature stratification in such rooms and which offers the possibility of operating the ventilation without short-circuiting the supply air flow, in summer and winter alike, in order to thereby make the comfort of people in such rooms as energy-saving as possible both in summer and in summer Ensure winter.

Since this level of comfort depends on several factors, which occur either individually or in combination, the ventilation and heating system to be created should be equipped with a comfort sensor that offers the possibility, depending on the work intensity of the people working in such a room and from the comfort level of these people, which depends, for example, on their clothing, to determine the ventilation and heating status and to change them via controllers.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in that ventilation openings are arranged in the lounge zone of the room, which work as supply air in summer and exhaust air in winter and outside the lounge zone, expediently in the attic room, further ventilation openings are arranged which in winter as ventilation and work as exhaust air openings in winter and / or the power control device of the supply air heating unit and the power control device of the room heating unit are connected to an automatic control unit that is set to a basic temperature value for equilibrium and, in the case of a temperature value signaled by the comfort sensor as being too high, first the supply air heating unit and then the room heating unit Decreasing the power and vice versa, if a too low temperature value is signaled, the room heating unit first and then the supply air heating unit prompted an increase in the power.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are characterized in the subclaims 4-17.

The basic idea of the invention is the knowledge that, with the aid of an air distributor which blows the air free of drafts, the supply air can be blown into the roof space at a lower temperature than the room temperature in so-called part-load operation. In addition to the transmission, the space heaters also apply the energy to heat the outside air. The importance of this fact is that the cold supply air constantly cools the room under the roof, causes a good flushing of the entire air space and induces an air flow within the room, which leads to a homogenization of the air volume. This is based on the knowledge that it is not expedient to lower the performance of the room heating as long as energy can be saved in relation to the heating by lowering the supply air temperature. In this way, both heating and ventilation energy can be saved. This applies in particular to underfloor heating systems or to radiant heating systems that radiate in the direction of the room floor.

The ventilation and heating system according to the invention owes the significant advantage of significant energy savings to the fact that in winter the temperature stratification in the room can be reduced to a minimum by blowing cold air into the room below the roof and extracting the exhaust air at the bottom. In other words, this means that, through suction in the lower area of the room and through the mixing of the room air with the cold air in the roof area of the room, heated air is returned to the lounge area. In summer, on the other hand, if the opposite effect is to be achieved, i.e. If the warmth that has arisen should not be pushed back into the stay zone to be cooled, the outside air is blown downwards in the vertical direction due to the necessary flushing of the room and in the interest of the greatest possible temperature stratification. In this way, not only does outside air get into the lounge zone, but a pleasant air movement is also generated at the same time.

In order to achieve the above advantages, it is not technically necessary to build separate, independently working ventilation systems for winter and summer operation. The desired mode of operation can be achieved by a corresponding switching of the air ducts by opening and closing corresponding air duct branches or with a reversible fan. This results in considerable cost and energy savings.

A major advantage is the constant heating of the comfort sensor. In this way, similar to human behavior, the sensor can not only react to temperature and radiation influences, but also to changes in speed.

• Fig. 1 eine Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemässen Lüftungs- und Heizungsanlage mit Behaglichkeitsfühler,
• Fig. 2 die Anordnung der Luftleitungen und Lüftungsöffnungen bei einer anderen Ausführungsform der Anlage und
• Fig. eine Anordnung der Lüftungsöffnungen und der Ventilatoren in Verbindung mit den Anlagen gemäss den Figuren 1 und 2.

The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawing. The drawing shows:

• 1 shows an embodiment of the ventilation and heating system according to the invention with a comfort sensor,
• Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of the air ducts and ventilation openings in another embodiment of the system and
• 1 shows an arrangement of the ventilation openings and the fans in connection with the systems according to FIGS. 1 and 2.

In Fig. 1, 1 denotes the room, 2 the supply air heating unit and 7 the room heating unit. In the latter, 7a means radiant heating and 7b floor heating in the floor (23), which can be arranged together. The supply air heating unit is connected to the heat source 4 and the room heating unit 7 to the heat source 6. In both cases, a power control device is connected between the heat source 4 or 6 and the heating units 2 or 7, which can cause the supply air heating unit 2 or the room heating unit 7 to deliver a larger or smaller heating output.

The power control devices 5 and 8 are connected to an automatic control unit 10. This automatic control unit is able to cause the supply air heating unit 2 with the aid of the power control device 5 and the room heating unit 7 with the aid of the power control device 8 to emit greater or smaller heat. The automatic control unit 10 is connected to a comfort sensor 9. Control is performed so is that the automatic control unit T to a balance reference value _o set. If the comfort sensor constantly signals greater comfort compared to this reference value, then the automatic control unit 10 intervenes first via power control devices 5 in the supply air heating unit and only then via the power control device 8 in the room heating unit and initiates a power reduction in the latter.

In the opposite case, the order of the intervention is reversed. If the comfort sensor 9 constantly shows too little comfort compared to the equilibrium reference value t _o , then the automatic control unit 10 intervenes first via the power control device 8 in the room heating unit and only then via the power control device 5 in the supply air heating unit and causes it to do so give higher heat output.

The air supply for the heating and ventilation into the interior of the room 1 takes place via ventilation openings 15 which are arranged in the lounge zone 1a or via ventilation openings 14 which are located in the roof space 1b.

It can be seen from FIG. 1 that both the ventilation openings 15 in the air line 19 and the ventilation openings 14 in the air line 24 with the supply air fan 11 and the exhaust air fan 18 can be connected together. It can also be seen that the air line 19 is connected to the supply air fan 11 via the branch 19a with the pressure line and to the exhaust air fan 18 via the branch 19b of the suction line, while the air line 24 via the branch 24a to the supply air fan and via the branch 24b the suction line is connected to the exhaust fan.

In order to connect the individual air line sections with the fans 11 and 18, the branch piece 13 is arranged in the pressure chamber 3 of the supply air fan 11 and the branch piece 20 in the suction chamber 31 of the exhaust air fan 18.

1 also shows that the flaps 17 and 22 are installed in the supply air branch 19a and the exhaust air branch 19b of the air line 19 and the flaps 16 and 21 are installed as air shut-off devices in the supply air branch 24a and the exhaust air branch 24b of the air line 24. The flaps 16 and 17 or 21 and 22 can be coupled to one another, for example, by a mechanical actuator. This coupling makes it possible for fans 11 and 18 to blow the air into the desired zone of room 1 or to extract it from the desired room zone.

The mechanical coupling 12 can optionally be driven via a servomotor 26, which is connected to the thermostat 25, which limits the temperature of the supply air blown into the roof space to a minimum value.

The main component of the comfort sensor 9 is the sensor element 27, which can be arranged inside the casing 28 or on its surface 29. The comfort sensor is connected to an electric heater with an output of at least 30 W / m ² , so that it is able to understand the human heat emission. The electric heater 30 is connected to the current source 34, the voltage of which can be set as desired using a potentiometer, for example.

Fig. 2 shows another possibility for connecting the air lines 19 and 24 to the fans 11 and 18. After that, the supply air fan 11 and the exhaust air fan 18 are connected to the air lines 19 and 24 by a four-way branch piece. In the interior of the four-way branch piece 32 there is a connecting flap 33 which, in the summer operating position shown in thin lines, connects the supply air fan 11 via the pressure chamber 3 to the air line 19 located in the stay zone 1a of the room 1, and on the suction side to the exhaust air Fan 18 via the suction space 31 with the air line 24 located in the roof space 1b.

Analogously, in the other flap position 33, the so-called winter operating position, which is shown in thick lines, the supply air fan 11 is connected to the air line 24 below the roof space 1b, while the exhaust air fan 18 is connected to the air line 19 located in the occupied zone 1a stands.

From Fig. 3 it can be seen that a fan 36 is installed in the air line 38 located in the lounge zone 1a with the associated ventilation openings 15, while a fan 35 is installed in the air line located in the roof zone 1b with the associated ventilation openings 14.

Both the fan 35 and the fan 36 are reversible with regard to the direction of conveyance. In this case, the air heating unit is also installed in the air line 37 and is connected to the energy source 4. The power control device 5 is interposed.

Claims (17)

1. Ventilating and heating system for rooms (1), especially for halls having a great height, comprising equipments for the intake of supplied air to the room (1) to be ventilated or heated, respectively, and comprising equipments for sucking off the spent air as well as at least one heating unit (2) for supplied air for warming up the supplied air and at least one room heating unit (7, 7a, 7b) for the heating of the room, the heating unit (2) for supplied air as well as the room heating unit (7, 7a, 7b) being provided each with an output control equipment (5 or 8 resp.) and a sensor (9) for the comfort, characterized in that in the rest area (1a) of the room (1) ventilating openings (15) are arranged working in summer time as openings for supplied air and in winter time as openings for spent air and that outside the rest area (1a) advantageously within the roof space (1b) are arranged further ventilating openings (14) working in the winter time as openings for air supply and in the summer time as openings for spent air and that the output control equipment (5) of the heating unit (2) for supplied air and the output control equipment (8) for the room heating unit (7, 7a, 7b) are connected with an automatic control unit (10) which is set to an equilibrium basic value of the temperature and which causes in the event of a temperature value which is signalled by the comfort sensor (9) to be too high at first the heating unit for supplied air (2) and thereafter the room heating unit (7) to decrease the output and reverse on signalling at a low temperature value causing at first the room heating unit (7) and thereafter the heating unit for supplied air (2) to increase the output.

2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the ventilating openings (15) in the rest area (1a) as well as the ventilating openings (14) in the roof space (1b) are connected to a common air pipe (19 or 24, resp.) and that the two air pipes (19, 24) can be selectively connected to the air intake fan (11) or the spent air fan (18).

3. Ventilating and heating system for rooms (1), especially for halls having a great height, comprising equipments for the intake of supplied air to the room (1) to be ventilated or heated, respectively, and comprising equipments for sucking off the spent air as well as at least one heating unit (2) for supplied air for warming up the supplied air and at least one room heating unit (7, 7a, 7b) for the heating of the room, the heating unit (2) for supplied air as well as the room heating unit (7, 7a, 7b) being provided each with an output control equipment (5 or 8 resp.) and a sensor (9) for the comfort, characterized in that the output control equipment (5) of the supplied air heating unit (2) and the output control equipment (8) of the room heating unit (7, 7a, 7b) are connected to an automatic control unit (10) which is set to an equilibrium basic value of the temperature and which is caused in case that a too high temperature value is signalled by the comfort sensor (9) to decrease at first the output of the supplied air heating unit (2) and thereafter of the room heating unit (7) and reverse on signalling a too low temperature value at first to increase the output of the room heating unit (7) and thereafter that of the supplied air heating unit (2).

4. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ventilating openings (15) in the rest area (1a) as well as the ventilating openings (14) in the roof space (1b) are connected to a common air pipe (19 or 24 resp.) and that the two air pipes (19, 24) can be selectively connected to an air intake fan (11) or a spent air fan (18).

5. System according to one of the claims 1, 2 or 4, characterized in that the air pipe (19) in the rest area (1a) is devided into a branch (19a) to the intake air fan (11) and branch (19b) to the spent air fan (18) and that the air pipe (24) within the roof space (1b) is as well devided into a pressure side branch (24a) to the intake air fan (11) and a suction side branch (24b) to the spent air fan (18).

6. System according to one of the claims 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that a pressure space (3) of the intake air fan (11) connects by means of a branch part (13) the supplied air pipe branches (19a and 24a) to the air pipes (19, 24) and that the suction space (31) of the spent air fan connects similarly by means of a branch part (20) the spent air branches (19b, 24b) of the air pipes (19 and 24).

7. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the supplied air pipe branches (19a and 24a) of the air pipes (19 and 24) include shutoff elements for the air working in the opposite direction by the way that for instance in the supplied air branch (19a) directed into the rest area (1a) a flap (22) is arranged opened on operation in winter time and closed on operation in summer time and that in the spent air branch (24b) directed into the roof space (1b) for instance a flap (21) is arranged closed on operation in winter time and opened on operation in summer time.

8. System according to claim 6, characterized in that within the spent air branches (19b, 24b) of the air pipes (19 and 24) air closure elements are installed, which work in opposite directions, i.e. for instance a flap (22) in the air branch (19b) directed into the rest area (1a) which is opened on operation in winter time and closed on operation in summer time, and a flap (21) within the spent air branch (24b) directed into the roof space (1b), which flap is closed on operation in winter time and opened on operation in summer time.

9. System according to one of the claims 6-8, characterized in that the elements shutting off the air in the supplied air pipe (19a and 24a) for instance the flaps (17 and 16) are connected mechanically through an adjusting member (12) and operate in opposite position.

10. System according to one of the claims 1, 4 or 5, characterized in that between the pressure space of the supplied air fan (11) and the suction space of the spent air fan (18) a four-way-branch element (32) is arranged discharging into the air pipe (19) of the rest area (1a) and into the air pipe (24) of the roof space (1b).

11. System according to claim 10, characterized in that within the four-way-branch element (32) a connecting flap (33) is arranged connecting on operation in summer time the pressure space (3) of the supplied air fan with the supplied air pipe (19) of the rest area (1a) or the suction space (31), respectively of the spent air fan (18) with the air pipe (19) or the rest area (1a).

12. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the ventilating openings (15) in the rest area (1a) are associated with a reversible fan (36) working in the summer time as supplied air fan and in the winter time as spent air fan and that the further ventilating openings (14) which are advantageously positioned in the roof space (1b) are associated with reversible fan (35) working in the summer time as spent air fan and in the winter time as supplied air fan.

13. System according to one of the claims 1 and 3 through 10, characterized in that the output control equipment (5) of the supplied air heating unit (2) is connected between the supplied air heating unit (2) and a source of heat (4), that the output control equipment (8) of room heating unit (7) is connected between the room heating unit (7) and a further source of heat (6), and that both output control equipments (5 and 8) are interconnected by the automatical control unit (10).

14. System according to claim 13, characterized in that as source of energy for an additional intake air heating unit an energy recovering device is provided using the enthalpie of the spent air of the room (1), for instance a heat pump, a regenerating heat transfer means or a recuperating heat transfer means.

15. System according to one of the claims 1 and 3 through 14, characterized in that in the air pipe (24) of the roof space (1b) a minimum temperature limiting means, for instance a thermostate (25) being connected to the automatical control unit (10) is positioned between the ventilating openings (14) and the air supplied heating equipment (2).

16. System according to one of the claims 1 and 4 through 13, characterized in that the roof heating unit (7) consists of radiation heating elements (7a) and/or bottom heating elements (7b), the latter one are arranged within the floor (23) of the room (1).

17. Comfort sensor (9) within a ventilating and heating system according to claim 1 or 3 being provided with a sensor element (27) within its housing (28) or on the surface (29) of its housing, characterized in that the sensor element (27) is connected to an electrical heating (30) of at least 30 W/m², related to the surface (29) of its housing, that the output of the heating is selectible and adjustable and that the heating is advantageously held switched on during the operation.

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