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EP0043567B1 - Method of and grate furnace for combustion of solid fuel - Google Patents

Method of and grate furnace for combustion of solid fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0043567B1
EP0043567B1 EP81105171A EP81105171A EP0043567B1 EP 0043567 B1 EP0043567 B1 EP 0043567B1 EP 81105171 A EP81105171 A EP 81105171A EP 81105171 A EP81105171 A EP 81105171A EP 0043567 B1 EP0043567 B1 EP 0043567B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
combustion
grate
zones
water vapour
water vapor
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EP81105171A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0043567A1 (en
Inventor
Johannes Josef Dr.-Ing. Martin
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F23L1/02—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion  by discharging the air below the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002—Supplying water
    • F23L7/005—Evaporated water; Steam

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for firing solid fuels with zone-controlled air-conditioned underwind feed, the air conditioning being carried out by adding water vapor, and to grate firing for carrying out the method.
  • the steadily increasing environmental impact has led to the fact that large combustion plants pay attention to the lowest possible nitrogen oxide emissions.
  • the nitrogen oxide formation depends on the one hand on the fuel used and on the other hand on the combustion temperature. With increasing dwell time and increasing excess air in the area of high temperatures, nitrogen oxide formation is favored.
  • An air-conditioned underwind feed is also known and results from GB-PS 196 054 and DE-PS 547 218.
  • Under-firing zones are provided for the firing according to GB-PS 196 054, but this area is divided primarily in the longitudinal direction, these two longitudinal zones are only divided into two areas in the transverse direction, so that sensitive regulation is not possible with this rough subdivision.
  • the individual subdivided zones or channels leading up to the grate do not result in an exact subdivision of the subzones, since the space directly underneath the grate bars is not subdivided by these channels.
  • the air rising from the channels which is mixed with water vapor, does not necessarily lead to certain rust zones.
  • the object of the invention is to show a possibility in which the long-known water vapor supply to the combustion air can be used in connection with the endeavor to reduce the nitrogen oxide emission.
  • This object is achieved, starting from a method of the type described at the outset, according to the invention in that the zone-by-zone supply of water vapor takes place as a function of the NO x content occurring in the zone in question.
  • the introduction of water vapor into the burning layer together with the downwind has the advantage that the combustion process is influenced in a targeted manner so that it takes place in a temperature range in which the NO x formation is low, without the disadvantages mentioned above for have to put up with the nitrogen oxide emission applied procedures.
  • the use of water vapor as a ballast medium for lowering the combustion temperature in the furnace has the advantage that, due to the very high specific heat of water vapor, a lot of heat can be extracted from the combustion process with a comparable small volume of the water vapor to be supplied.
  • the water vapor is supplied essentially in countercurrent to the combustion air flowing upwards out of the respective underwind zone against the combustion grate.
  • the space under the firing grate is subdivided into individual underwind zones with regulated underwind supply and each underwind zone is supplied with a water vapor supply pipe is arranged, which extends transversely to the grate longitudinal direction and is provided with water vapor blow-out openings or water vapor blow-out nozzles, the outlet openings of which are provided on the side of the water vapor supply pipe facing away from the grate and that sensors are provided in the combustion chamber for determining the NO x content in the combustion gases.
  • the water vapor supply pipes are protected against the firing grate by a cover, preferably by support frames of the grate structure, in order to prevent the water vapor blow-out nozzles from becoming blocked.
  • a plurality of underwind zones 2 to 2 ′ ′′ are provided below a firing grate, generally designated 1, which are delimited from one another by partition walls 3.
  • the combustion air necessary for the combustion can be introduced through large openings 4 in the side wall 5 of the firing system 6 with inclined floors within the individual downwind zones 2 are designated, on which the ash falling through the furnace grate reaches a discharge opening 7.
  • the supply of water vapor which is removed as waste steam from the process circuit of the steam boiler connected downstream of the furnace, takes place via steam supply pipes 8 which have steam blow-out nozzles or steam blow-out openings 9 which are arranged on the respective steam supply pipe 8 in such a way that they blow the water steam almost vertically downwards , as indicated by the dash-dotted arrows 19.
  • the water vapor is directed towards the core of the combustion air emerging from the opening 4, so that a mixture of cross and counterflow is established because the combustion air first enters the respective underwind zone in the horizontal direction, is distributed there and then upwards to the firing grate 1 arrives.
  • the firing grate 1 consists in a known manner of individual grate steps 10 and 11, which are each constructed from grate bars lying side by side, which rest with their lower ends on step support frames 12 and 13, of which the step support frame 13 is fixed and the step support frame 12 is movable.
  • the latter are arranged on a zigzag bar 14 which can be moved back and forth in the direction of the double arrow 15.
  • This zigzag beam 14 is supported by rollers 16 on support frames 17 for the grate construction.
  • the steam supply pipes 8 are arranged below this support frame 17, whereby they are protected against grate diarrhea.
  • the regulation of the steam supply takes place zone by zone and preferably sequentially, e.g. B. depending on the length of the fire by means of corresponding valves 18 to 18 "” depending on the NO x content in the combustion gases, which can be determined by sensors 20 to 20 " Sensors use common gas chromatographs. With the help of these sensors, the valves 18 to 18 "” and thus the steam supply to the different underwind zones 2 to 2 "” are regulated. Of course, only a single sensor can also be provided, but the regulation of the steam supply is more precise if several sensors are used. These can be sampled one after the other for connection to the valve opening mechanism in such a way that, for. B.
  • the sensor 20 responds first and causes the valves 18 and 18 'to open. If the area of the harmful gases extends further over the grate length, then the sensor 20 'can then cause the additional opening of the valve 18 "and so on or the associated valves.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)

Abstract

A combustion apparatus has a combustion chamber which is divided into combustion zones respectively communicating with individual mixing zones in a mixing chamber. Combustion air enters the mixing zones and then flows into the combustion zones. The concentration of NOx in the combustion products of each of the combustion zones is measured and water vapor is fed into each mixing zone in an amount which depends upon the NOx concentration for the corresponding combustion zone. The amount of water vapor fed into a mixing zone is such as to maintain the combustion temperature below a value at which substantial quantities of NOx are formed. The water vapor is fed into the mixing zones generally countercurrent to the combustion air entering the combustion zones and the water vapor and combustion air flow into the combustion zones together.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Verfeuerung fester Brennstoffe mit zonenweise geregelter klimatisierter Unterwindzuführung, wobei die Klimatisierung durch Wasserdampfzugabe erfolgt, sowie auf eine Rostfeuerung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for firing solid fuels with zone-controlled air-conditioned underwind feed, the air conditioning being carried out by adding water vapor, and to grate firing for carrying out the method.

Die stetig wachsende Umweltbelastung hat dazu geführt, daß man bei Großfeuerungen auf eine möglichst geringe Stickoxid-Emission achtet. Die Stickoxid-Bildung hängt im wesentlichen einerseits vom verwendeten Brennstoff und andererseits von der Verbrennungstemperatur ab. Mit zunehmender Verweilzeit und zunehmendem Luftüberschuß im Bereich hoher Temperaturen wird die Stickoxidbildung begünstigt.The steadily increasing environmental impact has led to the fact that large combustion plants pay attention to the lowest possible nitrogen oxide emissions. The nitrogen oxide formation depends on the one hand on the fuel used and on the other hand on the combustion temperature. With increasing dwell time and increasing excess air in the area of high temperatures, nitrogen oxide formation is favored.

Zur Verminderung der Stickoxid-Emission ist es bekannt, die Temperatur im Feuerungsraum bzw. in unmittelbarer Umgebung der im Feuerungsraum stattfindenden Verbrennung nicht über einen bestimmten Betrag ansteigen zu lassen, da es bekannt ist, daß die NOX-Bildung ab einer bestimmten kritischen Temperatur sehr stark ansteigt. Es liegen demnach Bemühungen vor, die Verbrennungstemperatur möglichst unter diesem kritischen Wert zu halten, was einerseits durch Rauchgasrückführung und andererseits durch einen erhöhten Luftüberschuß erzielt wird. Beide bekannten Verfahren weisen einen wesentlichen Nachteil auf, der darin besteht, daß die zu fördernde und zu entstaubende Gasmenge wesentlich ansteigt, wodurch es erfoderlich ist, ein wesentlich größeres Elektrofilter und auch größere Fördergebläse mit entsprechend höherem Energieaufwand zu installieren. Bei der Rauchgasrückführung tritt noch ein zusätzlicher Nachteil ein, der darin zu sehen ist, daß entsprechende Rohrleitungen vorgesehen werden müssen, die wegen der unvermeidlichen Temperaturschwankungen häufig zu Undichtigkeiten neigen, was in Verbindung mit dem notwendigen Überdruck, mit dem die Rauchgase in den Feuerungsraum eingeblasen werden müssen, zu einem Austreten von Rauchgasen in das Kesselhaus führt.To reduce the nitrogen oxide emission, it is known not to let the temperature in the combustion chamber or in the immediate vicinity of the combustion taking place in the combustion chamber rise above a certain amount, since it is known that the formation of NOX is very strong from a certain critical temperature increases. Efforts are therefore being made to keep the combustion temperature below this critical value as far as possible, which is achieved on the one hand by flue gas recirculation and on the other hand by an increased excess of air. Both known methods have a major disadvantage, which is that the amount of gas to be conveyed and dedusted increases significantly, which makes it necessary to install a much larger electrostatic filter and also larger conveying fans with a correspondingly higher energy expenditure. In the case of flue gas recirculation, there is an additional disadvantage, which can be seen in the fact that corresponding pipelines must be provided, which frequently tend to leak due to the inevitable temperature fluctuations, which in connection with the necessary excess pressure with which the flue gases are blown into the furnace must lead to smoke gases escaping into the boiler house.

Eine klimatisierte Unterwindzuführung ist ebenfalls bekannt und ergibt sich aus der GB-PS 196 054 und der DE-PS 547 218. Bei der Feuerung nach der GB-PS 196 054 sind zwar Unterwindzonen vorgesehen, doch ist dieser Bereich in erster Linie in Längsrichtung unterteilt, wobei diese beiden Längszonen in Querrichtung nur in zwei Bereiche unterteilt sind, so daß eine feinfühlige Regelung bei dieser groben Unterteilung nicht möglich ist. Hierzu kommt noch, daß die einzelnen unterteilten Zonen oder Kanäle nach oben hin zum Rost keine exakte Unterteilung der Unterzonen bewirken, da der unmittelbar unter den Roststäben befindliche Raum durch diese Kanäle nicht unterteilt ist. Die aus den Kanälen aufsteigende Luft, die mit Wasserdampf vermischt wird, hat also keine zwangsweise Führung zu bestimmten Rostzonen.An air-conditioned underwind feed is also known and results from GB-PS 196 054 and DE-PS 547 218. Under-firing zones are provided for the firing according to GB-PS 196 054, but this area is divided primarily in the longitudinal direction, these two longitudinal zones are only divided into two areas in the transverse direction, so that sensitive regulation is not possible with this rough subdivision. In addition, the individual subdivided zones or channels leading up to the grate do not result in an exact subdivision of the subzones, since the space directly underneath the grate bars is not subdivided by these channels. The air rising from the channels, which is mixed with water vapor, does not necessarily lead to certain rust zones.

Bei der Feuerung nach der DE-PS 547 218 ist zwar eine Wasserdampfzuführung vorgesehen, die eine große Kühlwirkung zur Folge hat, doch ist diese Maßnahme vorgesehen worden, um eine Schlackenbildung zu vermindern bzw. eine Granulierung der Schlacke herbeizuführen. Dabei wird die Verbrennungsluft mit Wasserdampf insgesamt angereichert, so daß eine Regelung bezüglich der einzelnen Unterwindzonen nicht vorliegt. Eine solche Regelung würde bei dieser bekannten Ausführungsform auch deshalb nicht möglich sein, da nach dem Durchtritt des Dampf-Luft-Gemisches durch die Regelklappen eine bevorzugte Ausrichtung nicht aber eine zwangsweise Führung dieses Luft-Gemisches möglich ist.In the firing according to DE-PS 547 218, a water vapor supply is provided which has a great cooling effect, but this measure has been provided in order to reduce slag formation or to cause granulation of the slag. The combustion air is enriched with water vapor overall, so that there is no regulation regarding the individual underwind zones. Such a regulation would not be possible in this known embodiment either, because after the passage of the steam-air mixture through the control flaps a preferred orientation is not possible, but a forced guidance of this air mixture is possible.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Möglichkeit aufzuzeigen, bei der die seit langem bekannte Wasserdampfzuführung zur Verbrennungsluft im Zusammenhang mit dem Bestreben nach einer Verminderung der Stickoxid-Emission nutzbar gemacht werden kann.The object of the invention is to show a possibility in which the long-known water vapor supply to the combustion air can be used in connection with the endeavor to reduce the nitrogen oxide emission.

Diese Aufgabe wird - ausgehend von einem Verfahren der eingangs erläuterten Art - erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die zonenweise Wasserdampfzuführung in Abhängigkeit von dem in der betreffenden Zone auftretenden NOx-Gehalt erfolgt.This object is achieved, starting from a method of the type described at the outset, according to the invention in that the zone-by-zone supply of water vapor takes place as a function of the NO x content occurring in the zone in question.

Durch diese Maßnahme wird erreicht, daß die Verminderung des Feuerungswirkungsgrades gering bleibt, da nicht der gesamte Verbrennungsvorgang pauschal beeinflußt wird, sondern die Dampfzuführung in Abhängigkeit von den Verhältnissen einer jeden Zone gesondert eingestellt wird. Die Einführung des Wasserdampfes in die Brennschicht zusammen mit dem Unterwind hat den Vorteil, daß der Verbrennungsvorgang in gezielter Weise so beeinflußt wird, daß er in einem Temperaturbereich abläuft, in welchem die NOX-Bildung gering ist, ohne die weiter oben erwähnten Nachteile der für die Stickoxid-Emission angewandten Verfahren in Kauf nehmen zu müssen. Die Verwendung von Wasserdampf als Ballastmedium zur Absenkung der Verbrennungstemperatur im Feuerungsraum hat den Vorteil, daß aufgrund der sehr hohen spezifischen Wärme von Wasserdampf sehr viel Wärme dem Verbrennungsprozeß bei einem vergleichbaren kleinen Volumen des zuzuführenden Wasserdampfes entzogen werden kann.This measure ensures that the reduction in the combustion efficiency remains low, since the entire combustion process is not influenced in a general manner, but the steam supply is adjusted separately depending on the conditions in each zone. The introduction of water vapor into the burning layer together with the downwind has the advantage that the combustion process is influenced in a targeted manner so that it takes place in a temperature range in which the NO x formation is low, without the disadvantages mentioned above for have to put up with the nitrogen oxide emission applied procedures. The use of water vapor as a ballast medium for lowering the combustion temperature in the furnace has the advantage that, due to the very high specific heat of water vapor, a lot of heat can be extracted from the combustion process with a comparable small volume of the water vapor to be supplied.

Um eine besonders gleichmäßige Vermischung des Wasserdampfes mit der Verbrennungsluft zu erzielen, wird in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung der Wasserdampf im wesentlichen im Gegenstrom der aus der jeweiligen Unterwindzone nach oben gegen den Feuerungsrost strömenden Verbrennungsluft zugeführt.In order to achieve a particularly uniform mixing of the water vapor with the combustion air, in a further embodiment of the invention the water vapor is supplied essentially in countercurrent to the combustion air flowing upwards out of the respective underwind zone against the combustion grate.

Zur Durchführung der erfindungsgemäßen Maßnahmen ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der Raum unter dem Feuerungsrost in einzelne voneinander getrennte Unterwindzonen mit geregelter Unterwindzuführung unterteilt und jeder Unterwindzone ein Wasserdampfzuführungsrohr zugeordnet ist, das sich quer zur Rostlängsrichtung erstreckt und mit Wasserdampfausblaseöffnungen bzw. Wasserdampfausblasdüsen versehen ist, deren Austrittsöffnungen an der dem Rost abgewandten Seite des Wasserdampfzuführungsrohres vorgesehen sind und daß im Feuerraum Sensoren zur Feststellung des NOX-Gehaltes in den Feuerungsgasen vorgesehen sind. Hierdurch wird die angestrebte feinfühlige Regelung der Wasserdampfzuführung zu den einzelnen Unterwindzonen mit verhältnismäßig geringem baulichem Aufwand möglich, so daß die Verminderung des Feuerungswirkungsgrades auf ein Mindestmaß beschränkt bleiben kann.To carry out the measures according to the invention, it is advantageous if the space under the firing grate is subdivided into individual underwind zones with regulated underwind supply and each underwind zone is supplied with a water vapor supply pipe is arranged, which extends transversely to the grate longitudinal direction and is provided with water vapor blow-out openings or water vapor blow-out nozzles, the outlet openings of which are provided on the side of the water vapor supply pipe facing away from the grate and that sensors are provided in the combustion chamber for determining the NO x content in the combustion gases. As a result, the desired sensitive control of the water vapor supply to the individual underwind zones is possible with relatively little structural effort, so that the reduction in the combustion efficiency can be kept to a minimum.

Um einer Verstopfungsgefahr der Wasserdampfausblasdüsen vorzubeugen, sind in weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die Wasserdampfzuführungsrohre gegen den Feuerungsrost durch jeweils eine Abdeckung, vorzugsweise durch Unterstützungsrahmen der Rostkonstruktion, geschützt.In a further embodiment of the invention, the water vapor supply pipes are protected against the firing grate by a cover, preferably by support frames of the grate structure, in order to prevent the water vapor blow-out nozzles from becoming blocked.

Im nachfolgenden wird die Erfindung anhand eines in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles in Form einer Rostfeuerung mit Rückschubrost näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Feuerungsrost mit Unterwindzonen und
  • Fig. einen Schnitt nach der Linie II-II in Fig. 1.
In the following, the invention is explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment shown in the drawing in the form of a grate firing with return grate. The drawing shows:
  • Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a grate with underwind zones and
  • Fig. A section along the line II-II in Fig. 1st

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, sind unterhalb eines insgesamt mit 1 bezeichneten Feuerungsrostes mehrere Unterwindzonen 2 bis 2'" vorgesehen, die gegeneinander durch Trennwände 3 abgegrenzt sind. Durch große Öffnungen 4 in der Seitenwand 5 der Feuerungsanlage ist die für die Verbrennung notwendige Verbrennungsluft einführbar. Mit 6 sind schräg gestellte Böden innerhalb der einzelnen Unterwindzonen 2 bezeichnet, auf denen die durch den Feuerungsrost hindurchfallende Asche zu einer Austragsöffnung 7 gelangt.As can be seen from FIG. 1, a plurality of underwind zones 2 to 2 ′ ″ are provided below a firing grate, generally designated 1, which are delimited from one another by partition walls 3. The combustion air necessary for the combustion can be introduced through large openings 4 in the side wall 5 of the firing system 6 with inclined floors within the individual downwind zones 2 are designated, on which the ash falling through the furnace grate reaches a discharge opening 7.

Die Zuführung von Wasserdampf, der als Abdampf dem Prozeßkreislauf des der Feuerung nachgeschalteten Dampfkessels entnommen wird, erfolgt über Dampfzuführungsrohre 8, die Dampfausblasedüsen bzw. Dampfausblaseöffnungen 9 aufweisen, die so an dem jeweiligen Dampfzuführungsrohr 8 angeordnet sind, daß sie den Wasserdampf nahezu senkrecht nach unten ausblasen, wie dies durch die strichpunktierten Pfeile 19 angedeutet ist. Der Wasserdampf wird dabei auf den Kern der aus der Öffnung 4 austretenden Verbrennungsluft gerichtet, so daß sich eine Mischung aus Quer- und Gegenstrom einstellt, weil die Verbrennungsluft zunächst in horizontaler Richtung in die jeweilige Unterwindzone eintritt, sich dort verteilt und dann nach oben zum Feuerungsrost 1 gelangt.The supply of water vapor, which is removed as waste steam from the process circuit of the steam boiler connected downstream of the furnace, takes place via steam supply pipes 8 which have steam blow-out nozzles or steam blow-out openings 9 which are arranged on the respective steam supply pipe 8 in such a way that they blow the water steam almost vertically downwards , as indicated by the dash-dotted arrows 19. The water vapor is directed towards the core of the combustion air emerging from the opening 4, so that a mixture of cross and counterflow is established because the combustion air first enters the respective underwind zone in the horizontal direction, is distributed there and then upwards to the firing grate 1 arrives.

Der Feuerungsrost 1 besteht in bekannter Weise aus einzelnen Roststufen 10 und 11, die jeweils aus nebeneinander liegenden Roststäben aufgebaut sind, welche mit ihren unteren Enden auf Stufentragrahmen 12 und 13 aufruhen, von denen die Stufentragrahmen 13 fest und die Stufentragrahmen 12 bewegbar sind. Letztere sind auf einem Zickzack-Balken 14 angeordnet, der in Richtung des Doppelpfeiles 15 hin und her bewegbar ist. Dieser Zickzack-Balken 14 ist mittels Rollen 16 auf Unterstützungsrahmen 17 für die Rostkonstruktion abgestützt.The firing grate 1 consists in a known manner of individual grate steps 10 and 11, which are each constructed from grate bars lying side by side, which rest with their lower ends on step support frames 12 and 13, of which the step support frame 13 is fixed and the step support frame 12 is movable. The latter are arranged on a zigzag bar 14 which can be moved back and forth in the direction of the double arrow 15. This zigzag beam 14 is supported by rollers 16 on support frames 17 for the grate construction.

Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, sind die Dampfzuführungsrohre 8 unterhalb dieser Unterstützungsrahmen 17 angeordnet, wodurch sie gegen den Rostdurchfall geschützt sind.As can be seen from Fig. 1, the steam supply pipes 8 are arranged below this support frame 17, whereby they are protected against grate diarrhea.

Die Regelung der Dampfzufuhr erfolgt zonenweise und vorzugsweise sequentiell, z. B. je nach Feuerlänge mittels entsprechender Ventile 18 bis 18"" in Abhängigkeit von dem NOX-Gehalt in den Feuerungsgasen, der durch Sensoren 20 bis 20" feststellbar ist. Die Sensoren können z. B. Entnahmesonden sein, die zu einem für alle Sensoren gemeinsamen Gas-Chromatographen führen. Mit Hilfe dieser Sensoren werden die Ventile 18 bis 18"" und damit die Dampfzuführung zu den verschiedenen Unterwindzonen 2 bis 2"' geregelt. Selbstverständlich kann auch nur ein einziger Sensor vorgesehen sein, jedoch ist die Regelung der Dampfzuführung genauer, wenn mehrere Sensoren zur Anwendung gelangen. Diese können für sich nacheinander zur Aufschaltung auf den Ventilöffnungsmechanismus abgetastet werden in der Art, daß z. B. bei Erreichung einer schädlichen NOx-Konzentration im vorderen Rostbereich der Sensor 20 zuerst anspricht und die Öffnung der Ventile 18 und 18' veranlaßt. Falls sich der Bereich der schädlichen Gase über die Rostlänge weiter ausdehnt, kann als dann der Sensor 20' die zusätzliche Öffnung des Ventils 18" bewirken und so fort. Umgekehrt kann bei sich verbrennungsmäßig einstellender Verminderung der Schadgaserzeugung der entsprechende Sensor die Drosselung bzw. Schließung des oder der zugeordneten Ventile bewirken.The regulation of the steam supply takes place zone by zone and preferably sequentially, e.g. B. depending on the length of the fire by means of corresponding valves 18 to 18 "" depending on the NO x content in the combustion gases, which can be determined by sensors 20 to 20 " Sensors use common gas chromatographs. With the help of these sensors, the valves 18 to 18 "" and thus the steam supply to the different underwind zones 2 to 2 "" are regulated. Of course, only a single sensor can also be provided, but the regulation of the steam supply is more precise if several sensors are used. These can be sampled one after the other for connection to the valve opening mechanism in such a way that, for. B. when a harmful NO x concentration is reached in the front grate area, the sensor 20 responds first and causes the valves 18 and 18 'to open. If the area of the harmful gases extends further over the grate length, then the sensor 20 'can then cause the additional opening of the valve 18 "and so on or the associated valves.

Der große Vorteil der Wasserdampfeinblasung unmittelbar in die Brennschicht ist darin zu sehen, daß die Verbrennung bereits in statu nascendi daran gehindert wird, hohe, die NOx-Bii- dung provozierende Werte anzunehmen.The great advantage of blowing steam directly into the burning layer is that the combustion is prevented in statu nascendi from assuming high values that provoke the formation of NO x .

Claims (4)

1. A process of burning solid fuels comprising a supply of conditioned air blown from below and separately controlled in different zones, wherein the air is conditioned by an addition of water vapour, characterized in that water vapour is supplied in different zones in dependence on the NOX content in said zone.
2. A process according to claim 1, characterized in that the water vapour is substantially supplied in a countercurrent to the combustion air which rises from the respective bottom-blowing zone toward the furnace grate.
3. A grate furnace for carrying out the process according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the space under the furnace grate (1) is divided into separate bottom-blowing zones (2), to which bottom-blowing air is supplied at controlled rates, a water vapour feed pipe (8) is associated with each bottom-blowing zone and extends transversely to the longitudinal direction of the grate and is provided with water vapour discharge orifices and/or water vapour discharge nozzles (9) having outlet openings on that side of the water vapour fedd pipe (8) which is remote fromt the grate, and sensors (20, 20', 20") for detecting the NOX content in the combustion gases are provided in the combustion chamber.
4. A grate furnace according to claim 3, characterized in that the water vapour feed pipes (8) are protected on the side facing the furnace grate (1) by a covering consisting preferably of frames (17) supporting the grate structure.
EP81105171A 1980-07-08 1981-07-03 Method of and grate furnace for combustion of solid fuel Expired EP0043567B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81105171T ATE11076T1 (en) 1980-07-08 1981-07-03 METHOD AND FIRING OF THE GRAVE FOR FIRING SOLID FUEL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3025851 1980-07-08
DE3025851A DE3025851C2 (en) 1980-07-08 1980-07-08 Grate firing

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0043567A1 EP0043567A1 (en) 1982-01-13
EP0043567B1 true EP0043567B1 (en) 1985-01-02

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP81105171A Expired EP0043567B1 (en) 1980-07-08 1981-07-03 Method of and grate furnace for combustion of solid fuel

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US4394118A (en)
EP (1) EP0043567B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS5747109A (en)
AT (1) ATE11076T1 (en)
CA (1) CA1180537A (en)
DE (2) DE3025851C2 (en)

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US4773846A (en) * 1985-07-30 1988-09-27 Michael Munk Combustion system and method with fog injection and heat exchange
US4731990A (en) * 1985-07-30 1988-03-22 Michael Munk Internal combustion engine system and method with reduced noxious emissions
US4731988A (en) * 1985-07-30 1988-03-22 Michael Munk Internal combustion engine system and method with reduced noxious emissions
US5029557A (en) * 1987-05-01 1991-07-09 Donlee Technologies, Inc. Cyclone combustion apparatus
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DE4113484A1 (en) * 1991-04-25 1992-10-29 Wanka Edwin Dipl Ing Fh Method of improving efficiency of IC engine - involves mixing combustion air with water and ionised oxygen@
DE19542013B4 (en) * 1995-11-10 2004-09-16 Karl Von Wedel Sideboard for a cooling grate
US5832846A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-11-10 Public Service Electric And Gas Corporation Water injection NOx control process and apparatus for cyclone boilers
DE19744867A1 (en) * 1997-10-10 1999-04-15 Munters Euroform Gmbh Carl Method and device for operating a boiler fired with liquid or gaseous hydrocarbons
US6089223A (en) * 1998-01-28 2000-07-18 Webco Industries, Incorporated Direct contact water heating system
US6715295B2 (en) 2002-05-22 2004-04-06 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Gas turbine pilot burner water injection and method of operation
US6708496B2 (en) 2002-05-22 2004-03-23 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Humidity compensation for combustion control in a gas turbine engine
US6742341B2 (en) 2002-07-16 2004-06-01 Siemens Westinghouse Power Corporation Automatic combustion control for a gas turbine
US8703064B2 (en) 2011-04-08 2014-04-22 Wpt Llc Hydrocabon cracking furnace with steam addition to lower mono-nitrogen oxide emissions
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3025851C2 (en) 1982-06-03
JPH0113001B2 (en) 1989-03-03
ATE11076T1 (en) 1985-01-15
JPS5747109A (en) 1982-03-17
EP0043567A1 (en) 1982-01-13
CA1180537A (en) 1985-01-08
DE3025851A1 (en) 1982-01-21
DE3168027D1 (en) 1985-02-14
US4394118A (en) 1983-07-19

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