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EP0040342A1 - Smoke detector - Google Patents

Smoke detector Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0040342A1
EP0040342A1 EP81103313A EP81103313A EP0040342A1 EP 0040342 A1 EP0040342 A1 EP 0040342A1 EP 81103313 A EP81103313 A EP 81103313A EP 81103313 A EP81103313 A EP 81103313A EP 0040342 A1 EP0040342 A1 EP 0040342A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
smoke detector
smoke
measuring chamber
openings
air inlet
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP81103313A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0040342B1 (en
Inventor
Andreas Dr. Rer. Nat. Scheidweiler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cerberus AG
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Cerberus AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cerberus AG filed Critical Cerberus AG
Priority to AT81103313T priority Critical patent/ATE25438T1/en
Publication of EP0040342A1 publication Critical patent/EP0040342A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0040342B1 publication Critical patent/EP0040342B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a smoke detector with at least one smoke measurement chamber, which has a base plate with an upper surface intended for mounting on a ceiling and a housing attached to the base plate and hanging around the smoke measurement chamber and which has openings for the entry of the surrounding air into the smoke measurement chamber.
  • Smoke detectors have proven particularly useful for detecting fires at an early stage because they respond to a fire parameter that occurs very early. For a smoke detector to respond, it is necessary that smoke; or, physically speaking, a fire aerosol into which smoke detectors penetrate. Transport problems play an important role here. The occurrence of smoke at the fire site is not sufficient to trigger the smoke detector and trigger an alarm. This also requires that a sufficient amount of smoke is transported into the measuring chamber of the smoke detector.
  • the smoke or aerosol particles can then be detected in the measuring chamber in a known manner, for example by means of the scattered light (optical smoke detector) emerging from a light source or by changing the current in an ionization chamber (ionization fire detector) or by other methods den, for example measuring the change in conductivity, humidity or the ion density of the room air.
  • the energy required to transport the smoke into the measuring chamber is in most cases supplied by the heat generated during the oxidation.
  • the measuring chamber is largely closed in order to eliminate the influence of stray light as far as possible.
  • a cover is provided in the stray light smoke detector of JP-A 52-133 797, which automatically closes the smoke entry openings as soon as the signal emitted by the photodetector exceeds a predetermined threshold value. If the signal was caused by stray light, an alarm is suppressed and the smoke inlets are automatically opened again to make the detector ready for operation again.
  • the main aim was to make the measuring chamber largely open to the surrounding atmosphere in order to ensure that the fire aerosol could enter unhindered.
  • the measuring chamber is separated from the outside atmosphere only by a grid-like hood or a hood with relatively large grid-like openings.
  • a major disadvantage of the previously known smoke detectors is that specially adapted detectors have to be developed for each area of application in order to ensure that the fire aerosols enter the fire detector optimally for different environmental conditions. This leads to complex manufacturing methods, an unnecessarily large inventory and unnecessary replacement of the detector inserts when the environmental conditions change at the place of use (elimination or occurrence of dust, etc.).
  • the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the previously known smoke detectors and, in particular, to create a smoke detector which can be easily adapted to different environmental conditions. It is also an object of the invention to enable in a structurally simple manner that the smoke detectors allow optimal entry of fire aerosol into the smoke measurement chamber under the respective environmental conditions while at the same time optimally preventing the occurrence of dust.
  • the smoke detector according to the preamble of claim 1 has a manually adjustable device for changing the air inlet openings.
  • the manually adjustable device is configured so that the adjustment of the air access ports only from the inside of M elders or from the outside is only possible by means of a special tool.
  • the manually adjustable device is designed in such a way that it changes the outer air access openings of the fire detector.
  • the manually adjustable device is designed in such a way that it changes the inner air inlet openings or that the adjustment of the device simultaneously changes the inner and outer air inlet openings of the smoke detector.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the invention is that the manually adjustable device is set up in such a way that it can be changed in stages and that the setting of the device can be read from the outside on a marking.
  • the ionization fire detector shown in Fig. 1 consists of a base part 1 and a detector insert 2.
  • the base part 1 has a recess on the side, which an alarm indicator lamp 3, e.g. contains a light emitting diode.
  • the detector insert 2 has a housing consisting of a cylindrical or slightly conical sleeve 4 and a lower cover 5. Between the sleeve 4 and the cover 5 there is an annular slot 13 for the entry of air into the interior of the housing.
  • a cylindrical web 12 is provided on the inside of the cover, through which the inflowing air is braked and blocked before it is conducted into the interior of the housing.
  • a carrier plate 6 made of insulating material is attached, on which all other components are mounted.
  • a central bore contains a metal stamp 7, which carries a disk-shaped electrode 8 with a radioactive preparation 9.
  • a counterelectrode 11 on the underside of the carrier plate 6 there is also a counterelectrode 11 in the form of a wire mesh with numerous small openings, which surrounds the inner electrode 8 and protects it from contact.
  • the center electrode 8 and the counter electrode 11 define the ionization chamber 10.
  • a known electrical circuit for evaluating the ion current Modification of the chamber 10 can be attached, which can contain a reference ionization chamber which is almost completely sealed off from the outside atmosphere and which is connected in series with the ionization chamber 10 in a known manner.
  • the cover 5 of the housing is advantageously designed to be removable from the sleeve 4 in order to facilitate cleaning.
  • Figure 2 shows a section of a further embodiment of a fire detector with the same technical advantages, in which there is a projection 16 on the inner wall of the housing 4, which ensures a further deflection of the incoming air.
  • a displaceable cylinder 17 is located on the inside of the web 12, which either adheres to the inner wall of the cylindrical web 12 by a certain preload, or which springs (not shown) at several points on the outside of the circumference Web 12 is attached.
  • the inner inlet opening 2 0 of the R is also changed by the axial displacement of the cylinder 17.
  • 12 grooves can be provided on the inside of the web, engage in the corresponding projections of the cylinder 17, or corresponding grooves can be provided on the outside of the web 12, in which corresponding projections of the fastening springs engage.
  • Figure 3 shows a section of the cross section of another embodiment of a fire alarm with the same technical advantages, in which a projection 16 is attached to the inside of the sleeve 4, which causes a further deflection of the incoming air.
  • a cylinder ring 18 provided with a flange 19, which is axially displaceable on the web 12.
  • grooves are provided on the web, in which corresponding projections of the cylinder ring 18 can engage.
  • the outer inlet opening 13 is simultaneously changed by the flange 19 and the inner inlet opening 20 by the upper edge of the cylinder ring 18.
  • fire detectors with an outer and inner part serving for air deflection for example the fire detector according to CH-PS 475 614
  • the entry openings can also be changed in such a way that. that parts of the outer and inner envelopes, which are opposite one another, touch one another and have air inlet openings.
  • the openings are arranged in such a way that twisting the envelopes relative to one another means enlarging or reducing the size of the openings.
  • twisting the envelopes relative to one another means enlarging or reducing the size of the openings.
  • a part of the openings on parts of the envelope that do not touch each other can be retained.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Fire Alarms (AREA)

Abstract

A smoke detector containing at least one smoke measuring chamber which possesses a mounting or socket plate having an upper surface intended to be mounted at the ceiling of a room or other appropriate area to be monitored and a housing enclosing the smoke measuring chamber and suspendingly secured at the socket plate. The housing possesses openings for the entry of the ambient air into the smoke measuring chamber. The smoke detector comprises a manually adjustable device by means of which it is possible to change the air entry opening in a manner such that the smoke detector can be accommodated to different environmental or ambient conditions, especially those containing different quantities of dust and other contaminants. A hood ring member, movably supported at the inside of a sleeve member of the smoke detector, can be selectively displaced in order to change the air entry openings.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Rauchmelder mit mindestens einer Rauchmesskammer, der einen Sockelteller mit einer zur Montage an einer Raumdecke bestimmten, oberen Fläche und einem hängend an dem Sockelteller befestigten, die Rauchmesskammer umschliessenden Gehäuse, welches Oeffnungen für den Eintritt der umgebenden Luft in die Rauchmesskammer aufweist.The invention relates to a smoke detector with at least one smoke measurement chamber, which has a base plate with an upper surface intended for mounting on a ceiling and a housing attached to the base plate and hanging around the smoke measurement chamber and which has openings for the entry of the surrounding air into the smoke measurement chamber.

Bei der Branddetektion kommt es darauf an, Brände möglichst im Frühstadium zu erkennen, um durch raschen Einsatz von Löschkräften grösseren Schaden zu verhüten und Bewohner rechtzeitig zu warnen. Bei Bränden im Frühstadium, d.h. wenn schwe-- lende Brandherde vorhanden sind, treten häufig toxische Gase und Dämpfe auf, die Menschenleben bereits gefährden/ehe offene Flammen auftreten.When it comes to fire detection, it is important to detect fires as early as possible in order to prevent greater damage by quickly using extinguishing forces and to warn residents in good time. In early stage fires, i.e. when there are simmering sources of fire, toxic gases and vapors often occur that endanger human life / before open flames occur.

Zur Erkennung von Bränden im Frühstadium haben sich Rauchmelder besonders bewährt, da sie auf eine Brandkenngrösse ansprechen, die bereits sehr frühzeitig auftritt. Für das Ansprechen eines Rauchmelders ist es erforderlich, dass Rauch; bzw. physikalisch ausgedrückt ein Brandaerosol, in den Rauchmelder eindringt. Dabei spielen Transportprobleme eine wesentliche Rolle. Das Auftreten von Rauch am Brandort genügt nicht zum Ansprechen des Rauchdetektors und zur Auslösung eines Alarmes. Dazu ist ausserdem notwendig, dass eine ausreichende Menge von Rauch in die Messkammer des Rauchdetektors transportiert wird. In der Messkammer können die Rauch- oder Aerosolteilchen dann in bekannter Weise nachgewiesen werden, z.B. mittels des in einem von einer Lichtquelle ausgehenden Strahlenganges auftretenden Streulichtes (optischer Rauchmelder) oder mittels der Aenderung des Stromes in einer Ionisationskammer (Ionsiationsfeuermelder) oder auch durch andere Methoden, z.B. die Messung der Aenderung der Leitfähigkeit, der Feuchtigkeit oder der Ionendichte der Raumluft. Die für den Transport des Rauchs in die Messkammer erforderliche Energie wird in den meisten Fällen durch die bei der Oxydation entstehende Wärme geliefert.Smoke detectors have proven particularly useful for detecting fires at an early stage because they respond to a fire parameter that occurs very early. For a smoke detector to respond, it is necessary that smoke; or, physically speaking, a fire aerosol into which smoke detectors penetrate. Transport problems play an important role here. The occurrence of smoke at the fire site is not sufficient to trigger the smoke detector and trigger an alarm. This also requires that a sufficient amount of smoke is transported into the measuring chamber of the smoke detector. The smoke or aerosol particles can then be detected in the measuring chamber in a known manner, for example by means of the scattered light (optical smoke detector) emerging from a light source or by changing the current in an ionization chamber (ionization fire detector) or by other methods den, for example measuring the change in conductivity, humidity or the ion density of the room air. The energy required to transport the smoke into the measuring chamber is in most cases supplied by the heat generated during the oxidation.

In zahlreichen Patentschriften wurden die beiden hauptsächlich verwendeten Detektortypen immer wieder abgewandelt, um sie speziellen Anwendungsbereichen oder speziellen Anforderungen anzupassen. Aus der Vielzahl der Patentschriften sollen hier nur die CH-PS 264 020, die CH-PS 468 683 und die CH-PS 508 251 für Ionisationsbrandmelder und die CH-PS 417 405 und CH-PS 592 932 für optische Rauchmelder genannt werden.In numerous patents, the two types of detectors mainly used have been modified time and again in order to adapt them to special areas of application or special requirements. From the large number of patents, only CH-PS 264 020, CH-PS 468 683 and CH-PS 508 251 for ionization fire detectors and CH-PS 417 405 and CH-PS 592 932 for optical smoke detectors are to be mentioned here.

Bei optischen Rauchmeldern ist die Messkammer weitgehend geschlossen, um den Einfluss von Störlicht möglichst auszuschalten. Um Fehlalarme durch Licht auszuschalten, welches durch die Raucheintrittsöffnungen eindringt, ist in dem Streulichtrauchmelder der JP-A 52-133 797 ein Verschlussdeckel vorgesehen, welcher die Raucheintrittsöffnungen automatisch verschliesst, sobald das vom Photodetektor abgegebene Signal einen vorbestimmten Schwellenwert überschreitet. Wurde das Signal durch Streulicht verursacht, wird ein Alarm unterdrückt und die Raucheintrittsöffnungen werden automatisch wieder geöffnet, um den Melder erneut betriebsbereit zu machen.With optical smoke detectors, the measuring chamber is largely closed in order to eliminate the influence of stray light as far as possible. In order to switch off false alarms due to light which penetrates through the smoke entry openings, a cover is provided in the stray light smoke detector of JP-A 52-133 797, which automatically closes the smoke entry openings as soon as the signal emitted by the photodetector exceeds a predetermined threshold value. If the signal was caused by stray light, an alarm is suppressed and the smoke inlets are automatically opened again to make the detector ready for operation again.

Bei der Konstruktion von Ionisations-Rauchmeldern war man im wesentlichen bestrebt, die Messkammer weitgehend gegen die umgebende Atmosphäre offen zu gestalten, um einen ungehinderten Eintritt des Brandaerosols zu erreichen. Beispielsweise ist bei einer Anzahl bekannter Konstruktionen die Messkammer lediglich durch eine gitterartige Haube oder eine Haube mit relativ grossen gitterartigen Oeffnungen von der Aussenatmosphäre getrennt.When designing ionization smoke detectors, the main aim was to make the measuring chamber largely open to the surrounding atmosphere in order to ensure that the fire aerosol could enter unhindered. For example, in a number of known constructions, the measuring chamber is separated from the outside atmosphere only by a grid-like hood or a hood with relatively large grid-like openings.

Alle beschriebenen Konstruktionen besitzen jedoch den Nachteil, dass sie der natürlichen Verstaubung in starkem Masse ausgesetzt sind. Um diesen Nachteil zu beheben, ist vorgeschlagen worden, den Lufteintritt in die Ionisationskammer durch geeignete, eine Luftströmung abbremsende oder umlenkende Mittel zu verlangsamen, um das Sedimentieren von Staub vor dem Eintritt in die eigentliche Messkammer zu bewirken. Hierdurch wird jedoch auch der Eintritt von Brandaerosol in die Messkammer erschwert, was zu einer unerwünschten Empfindlichkeitsverringerung der Rauchmelder führt.However, all of the structures described have the disadvantage that they are exposed to natural dust to a large extent. In order to remedy this disadvantage, it has been proposed to slow down the air entry into the ionization chamber by suitable means which slow down or deflect an air flow, in order to cause dust to sediment before entering the actual measuring chamber. However, this also makes it more difficult for fire aerosol to enter the measuring chamber, which leads to an undesirable reduction in the sensitivity of the smoke detectors.

Ein wesentlicher Nachteil der bisher bekannten Rauchmelder besteht darin, dass für jeden Anwendungsbereich speziell angepasste Melder entwickelt werden müssen, um zu erreichen, dass für unterschiedliche Umweltbedingungen jeweils ein optimales Eintreten der Brandaerosole in den Brandmelder gewährleistet ist. Dies führt zu aufwendigen Fabrikationsmethoden, einer unnötigen grossen Lagerhaltung und unnötigem Austausch der Meldereinsätze bei Wechsel der Umweltbedingungen am Einsatzort (Wegfall oder Auftreten von Verstaubungsgefahr, etc.).A major disadvantage of the previously known smoke detectors is that specially adapted detectors have to be developed for each area of application in order to ensure that the fire aerosols enter the fire detector optimally for different environmental conditions. This leads to complex manufacturing methods, an unnecessarily large inventory and unnecessary replacement of the detector inserts when the environmental conditions change at the place of use (elimination or occurrence of dust, etc.).

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, die Nachteile der bisher bekannten Rauchmelder zu beseitigen und insbesondere einen Rauchmelder zu schaffen, der in einfacher Weise an unterschiedliche Umweltbedingungen anpassbar ist. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ferner, in konstruktiv einfacher Weise zu ermöglichen, dass die Rauchmelder unter den jeweiligen Umweltbedingungen einen optimalen Eintritt von Brandaerosol in die Rauchmesskammer bei gleichzeitiger optimaler Verhinderung des Eintretens von Staub zu ermöglichen.The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the previously known smoke detectors and, in particular, to create a smoke detector which can be easily adapted to different environmental conditions. It is also an object of the invention to enable in a structurally simple manner that the smoke detectors allow optimal entry of fire aerosol into the smoke measurement chamber under the respective environmental conditions while at the same time optimally preventing the occurrence of dust.

Dies wird erfindungsgemäss dadurch erreicht, dass der Rauchmelder gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1 eine manuell verstellbare Vorrichtung zur Veränderung der Luftzutrittsöffnungen aufweist.This is achieved according to the invention in that the smoke detector according to the preamble of claim 1 has a manually adjustable device for changing the air inlet openings.

Gemäss einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die manuell verstellbare Vorrichtung so ausgebildet, dass die Verstellung der Luftzutrittsöffnungen nur von der Innenseite des Melders oder von aussen nur mittels eines Spezialwerkzeugs möglich ist.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the manually adjustable device is configured so that the adjustment of the air access ports only from the inside of M elders or from the outside is only possible by means of a special tool.

Gemäss einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die manuell verstellbare Vorrichtung so ausgebildet, dass sie die äusseren Luftzutrittsöffnungen des Brandmelders verändert. Weitere ebenfalls bevorzugte Ausführungsformen bestehen darin, dass die manuell verstellbare Vorrichtung so ausgebildet ist, dass sie die inneren Luftzutrittsöffnungen verändert oder aber, dass durch die Verstellung der Vorrichtung gleichzeitig die inneren und äusseren Luftzutrittsöffnungen des Rauchmelders verändert werden.According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the manually adjustable device is designed in such a way that it changes the outer air access openings of the fire detector. Further likewise preferred embodiments consist in the fact that the manually adjustable device is designed in such a way that it changes the inner air inlet openings or that the adjustment of the device simultaneously changes the inner and outer air inlet openings of the smoke detector.

Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung besteht darin, dass die manuell verstellbare Vorrichtung so eingerichtet ist, dass sie stufenweise verändert werden kann und dass die Einstellung der Vorrichtung von aussen an einer Markierung abgelesen werden kann.A further preferred embodiment of the invention is that the manually adjustable device is set up in such a way that it can be changed in stages and that the setting of the device can be read from the outside on a marking.

Die Erfindung wird anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben. Es zeigen

  • Figur 1 einen Querschnitt durch einen Rauchmelder, bei dem die äusseren Luftzutrittsöffnungen verändert werden.
  • Figur 2 einen Querschnitt durch einen Brandmelder, bei dem die inneren Luftzutrittsöffnungen verändert werden und
  • Figur 3 einen Querschnitt durch einen Brandmelder, bei dem gleichzeitig die äusseren und inneren Luftzu- trittsöffnungen verändert werden können.
The invention is described using exemplary embodiments. Show it
  • 1 shows a cross section through a smoke detector, in which the outer air inlet openings are changed.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section through a fire detector, in which the inner air inlet openings are changed and
  • Figure 3 can have a cross-section through a fire detector, to be changed at the same time trittsöffnun the outer and inner air supply g s.

Der in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ionisationsfeuermelder besteht aus einem Sockelteil 1 und einem Meldereinsatz 2. Der Sockelteil 1 besitzt seitlich eine Aussparung, welche eine Alarmanzeigelampe 3, z.B. eine Leuchtdiode, enthält.The ionization fire detector shown in Fig. 1 consists of a base part 1 and a detector insert 2. The base part 1 has a recess on the side, which an alarm indicator lamp 3, e.g. contains a light emitting diode.

Der Meldereinsatz 2 weist ein aus einer zylindrischen oder leicht konischen Hülse 4 und einem unteren Deckel 5 bestehendes Gehäuse auf. Zwischen Hülse 4 und Deckel 5 befindet sich ein ringförmiger Schlitz 13 zum Eintritt der Luft in das Gehäuseinnere. An der Deckelinnenseite ist ein zylindrischer Steg 12 vorgesehen, durch den die einströmende Luft gebremst und gestaut wird, bevor sie in das Innere des Gehäuses geleitet wird. Auf dem zylindrischen Steg 12 befindet sich ein Ring 15, der in axialer Richtung so verschoben werden kann, dass der die äussere Eintrittsöffnung bildende ringförmige Schlitz 13 in seiner Breite verändert werden kann.The detector insert 2 has a housing consisting of a cylindrical or slightly conical sleeve 4 and a lower cover 5. Between the sleeve 4 and the cover 5 there is an annular slot 13 for the entry of air into the interior of the housing. A cylindrical web 12 is provided on the inside of the cover, through which the inflowing air is braked and blocked before it is conducted into the interior of the housing. On the cylindrical web 12 there is a ring 15 which can be displaced in the axial direction in such a way that the width of the annular slot 13 which forms the outer inlet opening can be changed.

Im Gehäuseinnern ist eine Trägerplatte 6 aus Isoliermaterial angebracht, an welcher alle weiteren Bauteile montiert sind. Eine zentrale Bohrung enthält einen Metallstempel 7, welcher eine scheibenförmige Elektrode 8 mit einem radioaktiven Präparat 9 trägt. An der Unterseite der Trägerplatte 6 ist weiter eine als Drahtgitter mit zahlreichen kleinen Oeffnungen ausgebildete Gegenelektrode 11 angebracht, welche die innere Elektrode 8 umgibt und vor einer Berührung schützt. Die Mittelelektrode 8 und die Gegenelektrode 11 definieren die Ionisationskammer 10. Oberhalb der Trägerplatte 6 kann eine bekannte elektrische Schaltung zur Auswertung der Ionenstrom- änderung der Kammer 10 angebracht sein, welche eine von der Aussenatmosphäre nahezu abgeschlossene Referenz-Ionisationskammer enthalten kann, die in bekannter Weise in Serie mit der Ionisationskammer 10 geschaltet ist. Der Deckel 5 des Gehäuses ist vorteilhafterweise von der Hülse 4 abnehmbar ausgebildet, um eine Reinigung zu erleichtern.In the interior of the housing, a carrier plate 6 made of insulating material is attached, on which all other components are mounted. A central bore contains a metal stamp 7, which carries a disk-shaped electrode 8 with a radioactive preparation 9. On the underside of the carrier plate 6 there is also a counterelectrode 11 in the form of a wire mesh with numerous small openings, which surrounds the inner electrode 8 and protects it from contact. The center electrode 8 and the counter electrode 11 define the ionization chamber 10. Above the carrier plate 6, a known electrical circuit for evaluating the ion current Modification of the chamber 10 can be attached, which can contain a reference ionization chamber which is almost completely sealed off from the outside atmosphere and which is connected in series with the ionization chamber 10 in a known manner. The cover 5 of the housing is advantageously designed to be removable from the sleeve 4 in order to facilitate cleaning.

Figur 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Brandmelders mit den gleichen technischen Vorteilen, bei welchem sich auf der Innenwand des Gehäuses 4 ein Vorsprung 16 befindet, der für eine weitere Umlenkung der eintretenden Luft sorgt. Zur Anpassung des Rauchmelders an verschiedene Umweltbedingungen befindet sich an der Innenseite des Stegs 12 ein verschiebbarer Zylinder 17, der entweder durch eine gewisse Vorspannung kraftschlüssig an der Innenwand des zylinderförmigen Steges 12 haftet, oder der durch nichtdargestellte Federn an mehreren Stellen des Umfangs an der Aussenseite des Steges 12 befestigt ist. Durch axiale Verschiebung des Zylinders 17 wird die innere Eintrittsöffnung 20 des Rauchmelders verändert. Für eine stufenweise Veränderung des Eintrittquerschnitts können auf der Innenseite des Steges - 12 Nuten angebracht sein, in die entsprechende Vorsprünge des Zylinders 17 eingreifen oder es können entsprechende Nuten auf der Aussenseite des Steges 12 angebracht sein, in welche entsprechende Vorsprünge der Befestigungsfedern eingreifen.Figure 2 shows a section of a further embodiment of a fire detector with the same technical advantages, in which there is a projection 16 on the inner wall of the housing 4, which ensures a further deflection of the incoming air. In order to adapt the smoke detector to different environmental conditions, a displaceable cylinder 17 is located on the inside of the web 12, which either adheres to the inner wall of the cylindrical web 12 by a certain preload, or which springs (not shown) at several points on the outside of the circumference Web 12 is attached. The inner inlet opening 2 0 of the R is also changed by the axial displacement of the cylinder 17. For a gradual change in the inlet cross section, 12 grooves can be provided on the inside of the web, engage in the corresponding projections of the cylinder 17, or corresponding grooves can be provided on the outside of the web 12, in which corresponding projections of the fastening springs engage.

Figur 3 zeigt den Ausschnitt des Querschnitts eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines Brandmelders mit den gleichen technischen Vorteilen, bei welchem auf der Innenseite der Hülse 4 ein Vorsprung 16 angebracht ist, der eine weitere Umlenkung der eintretenden Luft bewirkt. Zur Anpassung des Rauchmelders an verschiedene Umweltbedingungen befindet sich an der Aussenseite des Steges 12 ein mit einem Flansch 19 versehender Zylinderring 18, der axial auf dem Steg 12 verschiebbar angeordnet ist. Zur stufenweisen Verstellung des Zylinderrings 18 sind auf dem Steg 12 Rillen angebracht, in welche entsprechende Vorsprünge des Zylinderrings 18 eingreifen können. Bei einer axialen Verschiebung des Zylinderrings 18 werden gleichzeitig die äussere Eintrittsöffnung 13 durch den Flansch 19 und die innere Eintrittsöffnung 20 durch den oberen Rand des Zylinderrings 18 verändert.Figure 3 shows a section of the cross section of another embodiment of a fire alarm with the same technical advantages, in which a projection 16 is attached to the inside of the sleeve 4, which causes a further deflection of the incoming air. To adapt the smoke detector to different environmental conditions on the outside of the web 12 a cylinder ring 18 provided with a flange 19, which is axially displaceable on the web 12. For the gradual adjustment of the cylinder ring 18 12 grooves are provided on the web, in which corresponding projections of the cylinder ring 18 can engage. In the event of an axial displacement of the cylinder ring 18, the outer inlet opening 13 is simultaneously changed by the flange 19 and the inner inlet opening 20 by the upper edge of the cylinder ring 18.

Die in der vorstehenden Figurenbeschreibung an Hand von Ionisationsrauchmeldern beschriebenen Ausführungsformen, können in analoger Weise bei optischen Rauchmeldern angewendet werden. Ausser den an Hand der Figuren beschriebenen Ausführungsformen können auch Brandmelder mit einem der Luftumlenkung dienenden äusseren und inneren Teil, beispielsweise der Brandmelder gemäss CH-PS 475 614, so ausgebildet werden, dass entweder die Oeffnungen des äusseren oder inneren Teils der Umhüllung durch eine mechanische Verstellvorrichtung verändert werden können. Die Veränderung der Eintrittsöffnungen kann auch so erfolgen, . dass Teile der äusseren und inneren Umhüllungen, die einander gegenüberliegen, einander berühren und Lufteintrittsöffnungen aufweisen. Die Oeffnungen sind dabei so angeordnet, dass Verdrehung der Umhüllungen gegeneinander eine Vergrösserung oder Verkleinerung der Oeffnungen bedeutet. Neben diesen verstellbaren Oeffnungen kann ein Teil der Oeffnungen auf Teilen der Umhüllung die einander nicht berühren beibehalten werden.The embodiments described in the above description of figures with the aid of ionization smoke detectors can be applied in an analogous manner to optical smoke detectors. In addition to the embodiments described with reference to the figures, fire detectors with an outer and inner part serving for air deflection, for example the fire detector according to CH-PS 475 614, can also be designed in such a way that either the openings of the outer or inner part of the casing are made by a mechanical adjusting device can be changed. The entry openings can also be changed in such a way that. that parts of the outer and inner envelopes, which are opposite one another, touch one another and have air inlet openings. The openings are arranged in such a way that twisting the envelopes relative to one another means enlarging or reducing the size of the openings. In addition to these adjustable openings, a part of the openings on parts of the envelope that do not touch each other can be retained.

Claims (9)

1. Rauchmelder mit mindestens einer Messkammer (10) und einem die Rauchmesskammer umschliessenden Gehäuse (4, 5), welches Oeffnungen (13, 20) für den Zutritt der umgebenden Luft in die Rauchmesskammer (10) aufweist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine manuell verstellbare Vorrichtung (15, 17, 18, 19) zur Veränderung der Luftzutrittsöffnungen (13, 20) aufweist.1. Smoke detector with at least one measuring chamber (10) and a housing (4, 5) surrounding the smoke measuring chamber, which has openings (13, 20) for the access of the surrounding air into the smoke measuring chamber (10), characterized in that it has a manual Adjustable device (15, 17, 18, 19) for changing the air inlet openings (13, 20). 2. Rauchmelder gemäss Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (15, 17, 18, 19) den Querschnitt der Luftzutrittsöffnungen (13, 20) des Rauchmelders verändert.2. Smoke detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (15, 17, 18, 19) changes the cross section of the air inlet openings (13, 20) of the smoke detector. 3. Rauchmelder gemäss Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rauchmelder innere (20) und äussere (13) Luftzutrittsöffnungen aufweist und dass die Vorrichtung (15) die äusseren Luftzutrittsöffnungen (13) des Rauchmelders verändert.3. Smoke detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoke detector has inner (20) and outer (13) air inlet openings and that the device (15) changes the outer air inlet openings (13) of the smoke detector. 4. Rauchmelder gemäss Patentanspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rauchmelder innere (20) und äussere (13) Luftzutrittsöffnungen aufweist und dass die Vorrichtung (17) die inneren Luftzutrittsöffnungen (20) des Rauchmelders verändert.4. Smoke detector according to claim 1, characterized in that the smoke detector has inner (20) and outer (13) air inlet openings and that the device (17) changes the inner air inlet openings (20) of the smoke detector. 5. Rauchmelder gemäss Patentanspruch 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (18, 19) die inneren (20) und äusseren (13) Luftzutrittsöffnungen gleichzeitig verändert.5. Smoke detector according to claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the device (18, 19) changes the inner (20) and outer (13) air inlet openings at the same time. 6. Rauchmelder gemäss einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (15, 17, 18, 19) Mittel zur stufenweisen Veränderung des Luftzutritts aufweist.6. Smoke detector according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the device (15, 17, 18, 19) has means for gradually changing the air access. 7. Rauchmelder gemäss einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Position der Vorrichtung (15, 17, 18, 19) an einer Markierung ablesbar ist.7. Smoke detector according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the position of the device (15, 17, 18, 19) can be read at a marking. 8. Rauchmelder gemäss einem der Patentansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (15, 17, 18, 19) so ausgebildet ist, dass sie von aussen nur mit Hilfe eines Spezialwerkzeugs verändert werden kann.8. Smoke detector according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the device (15, 17, 18, 19) is designed such that it can only be changed from the outside with the aid of a special tool. 9. Rauchmelder gemäss einem der Patentansprüche l bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung (15, 17, 18, 19) so ausgebildet ist, dass sie nur von der Innenseite des Melders her verstellt werden kann.9. Smoke detector according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the device (15, 17, 18, 19) is designed such that it can only be adjusted from the inside of the detector.
EP81103313A 1980-05-09 1981-05-02 Smoke detector Expired EP0040342B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT81103313T ATE25438T1 (en) 1980-05-09 1981-05-02 SMOKE DETECTOR.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3641/80 1980-05-09
CH3641/80A CH648943A5 (en) 1980-05-09 1980-05-09 SMOKE DETECTOR.

Publications (2)

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EP0040342A1 true EP0040342A1 (en) 1981-11-25
EP0040342B1 EP0040342B1 (en) 1987-02-04

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EP81103313A Expired EP0040342B1 (en) 1980-05-09 1981-05-02 Smoke detector

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US (2) US4384488A (en)
EP (1) EP0040342B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6033514Y2 (en)
AT (1) ATE25438T1 (en)
AU (1) AU541729B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1150381A (en)
CH (1) CH648943A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3175913D1 (en)
DK (1) DK113281A (en)
NO (1) NO153024C (en)

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EP0132969A1 (en) * 1983-07-04 1985-02-13 Martin Terence Cole Improvements relating to smoke detection apparatus
EP0559065A1 (en) * 1992-03-03 1993-09-08 Wagner Alarm- und Sicherungssysteme GmbH Fire indicating device
RU2178919C1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2002-01-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "АРГУС-СПЕКТР" Device for fire detection in rooms with space between ceilings
EP3364389A1 (en) 2017-02-16 2018-08-22 Heim, Mark Hazard warning device with coverable air passage opening

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CN110322658B (en) * 2019-08-02 2024-01-30 四川赛科安全技术有限公司 Top type reverse smoke inlet labyrinth structure and implementation method thereof
US11238716B2 (en) * 2019-11-27 2022-02-01 Ningbo Weilaiying Electronic Technology Co., Ltd Photoelectric smoke fire detection and alarming method, apparatus and system
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0132969A1 (en) * 1983-07-04 1985-02-13 Martin Terence Cole Improvements relating to smoke detection apparatus
EP0559065A1 (en) * 1992-03-03 1993-09-08 Wagner Alarm- und Sicherungssysteme GmbH Fire indicating device
RU2178919C1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2002-01-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "АРГУС-СПЕКТР" Device for fire detection in rooms with space between ceilings
EP3364389A1 (en) 2017-02-16 2018-08-22 Heim, Mark Hazard warning device with coverable air passage opening
WO2018149713A1 (en) 2017-02-16 2018-08-23 HEIM, Mark Hazard detector having a coverable air passage opening

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE25438T1 (en) 1987-02-15
DK113281A (en) 1981-11-10
EP0040342B1 (en) 1987-02-04
US4475390A (en) 1984-10-09
NO153024B (en) 1985-09-23
JPS5710097U (en) 1982-01-19
US4384488A (en) 1983-05-24
CH648943A5 (en) 1985-04-15
AU7011381A (en) 1981-11-12
NO153024C (en) 1986-01-02
JPS6033514Y2 (en) 1985-10-05
DE3175913D1 (en) 1987-03-12
AU541729B2 (en) 1985-01-17
NO811586L (en) 1981-11-10
CA1150381A (en) 1983-07-19

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