DE9200058U1 - Equipment for shredding waste materials such as old car parts or old tires - Google Patents

Description

Device for shredding waste materials such as old car parts or old tires

Description

The invention relates to a device for shredding waste materials such as all types of old car parts or old tires.

With the ever-increasing number of old vehicles, it is becoming increasingly important to dispose of these old vehicles in an environmentally friendly manner and with the least possible energy consumption. While old vehicles used to be pressed together as a whole for further processing, for some time now people have been dismantling old vehicles and shredding the components in special machines or systems depending on their material properties. There are essentially two methods of shredding. One method involves pre-shredding using shredders or large cutting mills and then re-shredding using similar machines. A second method involves freezing the pre-shredded material and further shredding it using crushers. These known methods require a relatively large amount of energy to operate the various systems and generate a lot of heat due to the way they work, so that undesirably high temperatures arise. A strong build-up of heat causes difficulties, especially when shredding old tires, so that additional measures for continuous heat dissipation are necessary.

It goes without saying that cooling processes incur costs; as far as the risk of deflagration

explosion protection must be installed in addition to cooling. The known machines of this type often work with high-speed cutting or crushing tools, which inevitably leads to a correspondingly high level of wear.

The invention is based on the object of providing a versatile device for shredding waste materials such as car parts or old tires, which requires less energy to operate than the machines known to date, can be used for different materials, the actual cutting elements of which have a longer service life than is the case with known machines of this type, and which also takes up relatively little space and is inexpensive to purchase.

The solution to this problem consists, according to the invention, in a shredding device which is characterized by the following features:

a) a feeder for the material to be shredded,

b) a first cutting station with pairs of counter-rotating circular cutting knives with axes of rotation running transversely to the feed direction,

c) means for further transport of the pre-shredded material and

d) a second cutting station with a fixed lower knife transverse to the direction of movement of the material and at least one rotating upper knife which is attached to a drum and in an opposite

the rotation axis flat inclined winding runs along the lateral surface of the drum.

According to a key idea of the invention, the feed material is, unlike in the known machines, shredded exclusively by cutting processes in two consecutive stages. By using pure cutting processes, important advantages can be achieved, which will be discussed below.

Further advantageous embodiments of the device are revealed in the subclaims.

The shafts of the rotating cutting blades of the first cutting station are arranged parallel to one another and are advantageously supported at their ends in bearing parts of the housing of the device, with either only one pair or several pairs of rotating cutting blades being provided, with the cutting blade pairs in the latter case being arranged on the shafts at approximately the same axial distance from one another.

Each individual pair of knives is made up of two ring knives with cutting edges running in opposite directions, which partially overlap on their circumference and lie against one another in the overlap area. Each ring knife is advantageously divided into two parts and detachably connected to a support disk.

In order to be able to subsequently change the overlap area of the rotating cutting blades, it is advantageous to adjust the bearing parts in the housing on one of the two blade shafts in order to change the mutual distance between the two.

to form, &zgr;. B. with the help of an eccentric disc.

Advantageously, the possibility of axial adjustability of the rotating cutting blades is also provided by designing a blade shaft axially and, in addition, the tracking disks of the blade pairs are also axially adjustable.

The feed is advantageously formed from successive rollers with a transport plane sloping down to the first cutting station, with at least one pressure roller being arranged above the rollers, which is movably mounted transversely to its axis of rotation and is subject to a restoring force.

This pressure roller is expediently designed as a spiked roller. For this purpose, it contains a large number of approximately radially protruding spikes on its surface. A scraper bar is attached to the end of each spike at a distance from its tip, which extends cantilevered in the opposite direction to the rotation of the pressure roller, essentially in the middle of the rotation plane of the associated spike, angled outwards relative to it, so that the free end of the scraper bar protrudes beyond the circumference of the spike tips.

The means for further transport between the first and second cutting stations advantageously consist of a pair of rollers with rollers lying one above the other, whereby the upper roller is mounted so that it can move transversely to the axis of rotation and serves as a pressure roller.

The aforementioned rollers are not continuous in the axial direction, but are designed with interruptions. In this way, the two rollers can be moved closer to the cutting blades of the first cutting station in such a way that the cutting blades of a pair each engage in a free space in the rollers for further transport.

The movable mounting of the pressure rollers can be advantageously achieved by mounting them at the ends of a pair of swivel arms, the other ends of which are rotatably mounted in the housing.

In the second cutting station, the rotating drum can also be equipped with more than one cutting blade as an upper blade. It is advisable to attach two diametrically opposed upper blades with opposing pitches to the drum. The pitch angle can be between 2 and 8°.

In order to be able to adjust the upper blades in relation to the fixed upper blade or to readjust them after a certain period of operation, it is advantageous to make the bearing parts of the rotating shaft of the drum in the housing adjustable, e.g. by means of elongated holes.

The advantages that can be achieved with a shredding device according to the invention are based largely on the fact that the material to be treated is shredded exclusively by scissor cuts. In a first cutting station, the material to be treated is continuously cut into longitudinal strips of approximately the same width. Following this, the

Longitudinal strips are also continuously cut by cross-cutting into individual pieces of the desired size, for example the size of a palm. The feed material can be of different types and material properties, as long as the material has a hardness and toughness appropriate for a cutting process. . As far as car parts made of plastic or rubber with metal inclusions are shredded, the metal parts can be held behind the
shredding equipment.

Another advantage of the new shredding device is that the interacting pairs of blades can be easily readjusted to compensate for any wear. To reduce wear and to save energy further, it is advantageous to continuously moisten the cutting blades with soapy water. The use of cutting processes not only contributes to energy savings, but is also associated with less noise pollution compared to conventional systems. Comparative tests have shown that energy savings can be up to 50% compared to conventional systems.

An embodiment of a shredding device according to the invention is shown schematically in the drawing and is explained in more detail below. It shows:

Fig. 1 a longitudinal section of the

Shredding device,

Fig. 2 a cross section of the

Crushing device in the plane of the line I-I of Fig. 4,

Fig. 3 shows a further cross-section of the crushing device in the plane of the line II-II of Fig. 4,

Fig. 4 a side view and

Fig. 5 shows a detailed cross-section of the spiked roller.

The one shown in the drawing

The shredding machine has a housing which is essentially made up of two parallel rectangular frames (1, 2) made of U-iron on the long sides and cross members (3), preferably also made of U-profiles, on the four frame corners. The frames (1, 2) on the long sides are rigidly connected to one another by the cross members (3).

The feed side for the shredded material is located on the left front side as shown in Fig. 1. Inside the housing there is a feed system (4) made up of closely spaced rollers (5) with a transport plane sloping down towards the middle of the housing. The individual rollers (5) are located close to one another and are rotated clockwise by a drive (not shown). In the axial direction, the rollers (5) extend almost over the entire inner width of the housing, with the bearing parts arranged on the long sides of the housing.

Approximately in the middle of the housing, two parallel shafts (6, 7) are arranged one above the other and are held rotatably by their shaft ends in bearing elements (8, 9). Each of the two shafts (6, 7) carries three circular blades (10 and 11) which are connected to the shafts in a rotationally fixed but detachable manner. Two circular cutting blades (10 and 11) lying one above the other are arranged with their cutting edges (12) facing in opposite directions and lie against each other with a certain overlap on the circumference so that they can work together as a pair of circular cutting blades. As Fig. 2 shows, three pairs of interacting circular cutting blades (10 and 12) are formed in this way.

The shafts (6, 7) are set in opposite rotation via gear means (not shown), as indicated by the direction arrows in Fig. 1. In order to be able to adjust the circular cutting blades (10 and 11) with regard to their mutual sliding contact for each pair of blades, provisions are made for easy axial adjustment of the circular cutting blades on at least one shaft. In the exemplary embodiment, it is assumed that the circular cutting blades (10) on the shaft (6) are axially non-adjustable. On the upper shaft (7), the middle circular cutting blade (11) is axially adjustable by the shaft (7) as a whole being adjustable in its bearing parts (13). In addition, the outer circular cutting blades (11) are individually axially adjustable on the shaft (7). In this way, all three pairs of circular cutting blades can be individually adjusted during initial assembly and can also be adjusted later as required.

Furthermore, the mutual overlap of the circular cutting blades (10 or 11) can be subsequently changed. For this purpose, the bearing parts (13, 14) of the shafts (6, 7) are equipped with an eccentrically adjustable shaft bearing, as indicated in Fig. 4. The eccentric disks provided for such a bearing can be rotated after loosening the locking screws in the bearing housing, whereby the respective shaft (6 or 7) can be moved transversely to its axis of rotation and thus the mutual distance between the shafts (6, 7) can be changed.

Advantageously, divided ring cutting blades are used as cutting blades, which are detachably attached to a support disk (15) by means of screws. The illustration in Fig. 1 shows the use of two-part ring cutting blades; the main advantage of the division is that the ring cutting blades can be replaced without removing the shafts (6 or 7).

A second cutting station is arranged behind the first cutting station in the rear part of the housing. This contains a lower blade (17) which is detachably attached to a support structure (16) and has a cutting edge (18) on the top. The lower blade (17) extends across the transport direction almost over the entire inner width of the housing. Two upper blades (19) which are detachably attached to the outer surface of a rotatably mounted, driven drum (20) work together with the lower blade (17). The drum (20) rotates anti-clockwise; the cutting edges (21) of the upper blades (19) point in the direction of rotation and move on a

Circular path as shown in Fig. 1.

The upper blades (19) are not straight, but are designed like a screw thread with a small helix angle compared to an axis-parallel line along the shell surface. This means that the contact of the cutting edge (21) of the upper blade

(19) begins with the cutting edge (18) of the lower blade (17) at one end of the lower blade (17) and progresses with increasing rotation of the upper blade (19) to the other end, as when closing a conventional pair of scissors. With regard to the pitch, the upper blades (19) are mounted in opposite directions on the drum

(20) so that the cutting process described above begins alternately at the front and rear end of the lower blade (17). In this way, a lateral material stroke that occurs during the cutting process is compensated for by the next cutting process.

In order to achieve the best possible cut, the rotating upper blades (19) must pass the fixed lower blade (17) with a smooth guide. In order to be able to adjust this easily and also to be able to readjust it during later operation, the bearing pulleys (22) of the shaft of the drum (20) held on the side walls of the housing are equipped with approximately horizontally running slots (23) for receiving the fastening screws. In this way, the bearing pulleys (22) and thus the drum (20) can be moved according to the length of the slots (23).

For the feed of the material to be shredded to the first

In the cutting station, an axially parallel pressure roller (24) is mounted above the rollers (5) near the circular cutting blades (10, 11) in a height-adjustable manner, which is rotated in an anti-clockwise direction by a drive (not shown). The structural design of the pressure roller (24) is shown in Fig. 5. A large number of radially protruding mandrels are then mounted on the surface of the roller body in suitable holders (26) in an exchangeable manner. A stripping strip (27) is attached to each individual mandrel (25), the longer end of which extends in the opposite direction to the direction of rotation of the pressure roller (24), with the free end (28) projecting towards a circumference touching the tips of the mandrels.

The pressure roller (24) is pivotably mounted on an axle (30) fixed in the housing by means of an arm (29). The arm (29) can be designed in various ways. At its front end, two fork arms (31) are advantageously provided, each of which has a bearing attached to it for supporting the shaft of the pressure roller (24).

The pressure roller (24) can move upwards from a lower end position, whereby the counterforce must be overcome by its own weight and, if necessary, an additional elastic force caused by a spring element (not shown). The pressure roller (24) therefore strives to press the supplied shredded material against the rollers (5). The rotation of the pressure roller (24) continuously feeds the shredded material to the circular cutting blades (10, 11). As far as the tips of the mandrels (25) penetrate into the shredded material,

the stripping strips (27) cause the material to be automatically stripped or released from the mandrels (25) as the pressure roller (24) continues to rotate. A sliding or guide plate (32) is arranged in the space between the end of the rollers (5) and the first cutting station, which guides the material to be shredded into the gap between the circular cutting blades (10, 11) and prevents it from accidentally slipping downwards.

After leaving the circular cutting blades (10, 11), the shredded material is divided into strips of approximately equal width. For further transport to the second cutting station, two rollers (33, 34) are provided in the space between the two stations, of which the upper roller (34) is mounted on an axle (36) fixed in the housing, similar to the pressure roller (24), and can be raised and lowered by means of a boom (35). The pressure exerted by the roller (34) on the pre-shredded material is primarily caused by its own weight; it can be supported by spring force if necessary.

The rollers (33, 34) contain successive cuts or interruptions (37, 38) in the axial direction, as can be seen in Fig. 3. These interruptions are spatially arranged in such a way that the circular cutting blades (10) can partially penetrate into the interruptions (37) and the circular cutting blades (11) can partially penetrate into the interruptions (38). This design enables the strips of the shredded material to be captured early after leaving the first cutting station. To catch and guide the

Here too, guide plates (39) are provided for the pre-shredded material, which partially run within the cuts (37) of the lower roller (33).

At the second cutting station, the supplied strips of shredded material are cut crosswise. Behind the second cutting station, roughly equal-sized pieces of the desired size are produced.

The shredding is carried out exclusively by means of saw blades. It is advisable to constantly moisten the cutting blades with soapy water, which noticeably reduces their wear and noise and enables additional energy savings to be achieved.

Claims (13)

Protection claims 1. Device for shredding old materials such as old car parts or old tires, characterized by the following features: a) a feeder (4) for the material to be shredded, b) a first cutting station with pairs of counter-rotating circular cutting knives (10, 11) with axes of rotation running transversely to the feed direction, c) means (33, 34) for further transport of the pre-shredded material and d) a second cutting station with a fixed lower blade (17) transverse to the direction of movement of the material and at least one rotating upper blade (19) which is attached to a drum and runs in a winding that is flatly inclined relative to the axis of rotation along the surface of the drum. 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the shafts (6, 7) of the rotating circular cutting blades (10, 11) are mounted parallel one above the other at their ends in bearing parts of the housing of the device and that one or more pairs of rotating circular cutting blades (10, 11) are attached to the shafts (6, 7) at approximately the same axial distance from one another. 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that each pair of knives is formed from two ring knives (10, 11) with oppositely extending Cutting edges (12) which partially overlap on their circumference and lie against one another in the overlapping area, and that each ring knife (10 or 11) is at least divided into two parts and is detachably connected to a support disk (15). 4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that at least in one of the two knife shafts (6 or 7) the bearing parts in the housing are designed to be adjustable in order to change the mutual distance between the two shafts, e.g. with the aid of an eccentric disk (13 or 14). 5. Device according to one of claims 3 or 4, characterized in that a knife shaft (7) is axially and in addition the support disks (15) of the knife pairs are also axially adjustable. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the feed (4) consists of successive rollers (5) with a transport plane sloping down to the first cutting station and that above the rollers (5) there is arranged at least one pressure roller (24) which is movably mounted transversely to its axis of rotation and is subject to a restoring force. 7. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the pressure roller (24) is equipped on its surface with a plurality of approximately radially projecting mandrels (25) and that a stripping strip (27) is attached to each mandrel (25) at a distance from its tip approximately at the end, which stripping strip extends in a self-supporting manner opposite to the direction of rotation essentially centrally to the axis of rotation of the Domes (25) extend radially outwardly at an angle relative to the latter, so that their free end (28) projects beyond the circumference of the mandrel tips. 8. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the means for further transport consist of a pair of rollers (33, 34), the upper roller (34) being mounted so as to be movable transversely to its axis of rotation and serving as a pressure roller. 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the roller bodies of the rollers (33, 34) contain circumferential incisions (37, 38) or interruptions spaced apart one behind the other for further transport in the axial direction and that the rollers (33, 34) are spatially arranged in such a way that a rotating circular cutting blade (10 b2w. 11) engages in the incisions (37 or 38) on its circumference, partially without contact. 10. Device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the pressure rollers (24, 34) are each mounted on a pair of swivel arms (31 or 35) in the housing. 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that two diametrically opposed upper knives (19) with opposing pitches are attached to the knife drum I (20). 12. Device according to claim 11, characterized in that the angle of inclination with respect to the axis of rotation is approximately 2 to 8°. 13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the bearing parts (22) of the rotary shaft of the knife drum (20) in the housing are designed to be adjustable for changing the distance of the knife drum (20) from the fixed lower knife (17), e.g. with the aid of elongated holes (23).