DE29914056U1 - Shredding device - Google Patents

Description

LINEN WEAVER

PATENT ATTORNEYS

EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEYS

EUROPEAN TRADEMARK ATTORNEYS

Dipl.-lng. H. Leinweber (ti976)
Dipl.-lng. Heinz Zimmermann
Dipl.-Lng. A.Gf. v. Wengersky
Dipl.-Phys. Dr. Jürgen Kraus
Dipl.-lng. Thomas Busch
Dipl.-Phys. Dr. Klaus Seranski

Rosental 7 D-80331 Munich

TEL +49-89-231124-0
FAX+49-89-231124-11

¹² Aug 1999 ksar

Our sign

AVS Institute Amalienstr. 87/86, 80799 Hünchen

SHREDDING DEVICE

The invention relates to a device for shredding cable scrap and DSD material with a shredding chamber having a feed opening for the material to be shredded and a shredding tool rotating around a rotating axis.

Following the introduction of the Dual System Germany (DSD) and with the sharp increase in the number of obsolete and therefore no longer useful computers and other electronic devices and equipment, more and more recyclable waste is being generated. However, this waste can only be recycled sensibly if the material is first shredded or processed into granules that can be further processed. This usually involves shredding and

shredding devices of the type specified above are used. However, the shredding tools of the known devices are subject to heavy wear. Therefore, the shredding tools of the known shredding devices must be replaced frequently. This causes correspondingly high operating costs of the known devices. In addition, the adaptation of the known shredding devices to special user requirements with regard to the space available and/or the throughput of material to be shredded is problematic because a separate shredding tool must be developed and manufactured for each individual shredding device manufactured according to special user requirements.

In view of the problems in the prior art explained above, the object of the invention is to provide a comminution device which can be easily adapted to individual user requirements while ensuring low operating costs, and to provide a comminution tool which can be used to produce such a device.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a further development of the known comminution device, which is essentially characterized in that the comminution tool has at least two tool elements arranged one behind the other in the direction of the rotation axis and detachably connected to one another.

This solution to the problems occurring in the prior art is based on the knowledge that the wear of the shredding tools observed in the known shredding devices only occurs locally. Therefore, in order to restore full functionality, only the damaged part of the shredding tool needs to be replaced. This

The replacement of damaged parts of the shredding tool is made particularly easy with the design according to the invention because the individual components of the shredding tool are detachably connected to one another, so that unnecessary welding work or a complete replacement of the rotor is completely eliminated. This reduces the downtime of the shredding device according to the invention caused by maintenance work and also reduces the material costs for replacing wearing parts.

In addition, the design according to the invention also enables the production of differently dimensioned comminution devices using the same tool elements, because the tool elements of the comminution tool are arranged one behind the other in the direction of the rotation axis. With this design, a small device for a correspondingly low throughput of material to be comminuted can be produced using a comparatively small number of tool elements arranged one behind the other, while by increasing the number of tool elements arranged one behind the other, it is possible to adapt the comminution tool to a comminution device designed for a higher throughput.

A completely new design of the shredding tool is not necessary.

The rotary movement of the comminution tool of the comminution device according to the invention can be achieved particularly easily if the individual tool elements are held in a rotationally fixed manner on a common rotor shaft extending along the rotary axis. This rotor shaft can be driven in rotation, for example, by an electric motor arranged outside the comminution chamber and preferably coupled to the rotor shaft via a pulley and a coupling.

in order to achieve the desired orbital movement of the individual tool elements of the shredding tool.

As can be seen from the above explanation of the comminution device according to the invention, a comminution tool according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it has at least two tool elements arranged one behind the other along a rotation axis predetermined, for example, by the rotor shaft.
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Such a comminution tool can be manufactured particularly easily if the rotor shaft passes through recesses formed in the tool elements, because the individual tool elements then only have to be pushed onto the rotor shaft to produce the comminution tool according to the invention.

Although the rotationally fixed mounting of the tool elements on the rotor shaft can also be achieved by means of a force-locking connection, it has proven to be particularly advantageous from a design point of view if the tool elements are positively connected to the rotor shaft to obtain a rotationally fixed mounting. With this design, it is not necessary to take any further measures to ensure the positive mounting after the tool elements have been pushed onto the rotor shaft.

Such a positive connection can be ensured using a conventional, essentially rotationally symmetrical rotor shaft if at least one, but preferably at least two grooves extending in the direction of the rotation axes are formed in the outer surface of the rotor shaft, in which groove strips are received, which on the other hand are inserted into complementary profiles or indentations in the recesses of the tool elements.

elements are accommodated in the inner boundary surfaces of the tool elements. This design enables a modular structure in which the groove strips are first inserted into the grooves formed in the outer surface of the rotor shaft and, if necessary, fastened using countersunk screws and only then are the tool elements equipped with an appropriately profiled inner boundary surface or with indentations corresponding to the groove strips pushed onto the rotor shaft prepared in this way.

As explained above, the detachable connection of the individual tool elements can be made indirectly via the rotor shaft. However, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if the tool elements are additionally or alternatively connected directly to one another, preferably screwed together, because this effectively prevents the individual tool elements from moving against one another along the rotation axis.

When producing comminution tools according to the invention, it has proven to be particularly advantageous if at least two of the tool elements in a cutting plane running perpendicular to the rotation axis have at least partially essentially the same outer contour, preferably in the form of disks or lamellae. In this development of the invention, consistent manufacturing processes can be used to produce the individual tool elements. Furthermore, the disk or lamella shape of the individual tool elements enables the comminution tool according to the invention to be assembled without forming gaps between the individual tool elements. The last-described advantage is achieved in that the individual disk- or lamella-shaped tool elements have two essentially flat and parallel boundary elements extending approximately perpendicular to the rotation axis or rotor shaft.

have contact surfaces so that the flat boundary surfaces of the individual tool elements can be brought into direct contact with the flat boundary surfaces of adjacent tools.

When using the comminution tool according to the invention, a particularly good comminution performance can be achieved if at least two, but preferably all, tool elements, which at least partially have essentially the same outer contour, are arranged directly one behind the other in the direction of the rotation axis and preferably rotated relative to one another by the same angle in the rotation direction, because in this way comminution can also take place between the individual tool elements rotated relative to one another.

At least one of the tool elements expediently has a cutting blade, preferably arranged on its outer edge. Maintenance work is made even easier if the cutting blade is detachably connected, preferably screwed, to a base body of the tool element.

By using tool elements equipped with cutting blades, particularly effective comminution can be achieved if at least one tool element has at least two cutting blades arranged offset from one another in the direction of rotation, wherein the individual cutting blades are expediently arranged one behind the other at equal distances in the circumferential direction.

With the crushing device according to the invention, the desired crushing can be achieved by a simple orbital movement of the crushing tool. However, an improved crushing effect is achieved if at least

At least one counter-tool is arranged which cooperates with the shredding tool. This counter-tool can be implemented, for example, in the form of a knife strip with a cutting edge extending parallel to the rotation axis. When using such a counter-tool, it is particularly easy to adapt the size of the parts obtained by the shredding process to specific customer requirements if the counter-tool can be moved in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis, preferably approximately radially to it, in order to adjust the cutting gap created between the counter-tool and the shredding tool.

The shredding device according to the invention is expediently used in continuous operation. For this purpose, the shredding chamber is preferably equipped with an additional discharge opening for the shredded material. The discharge of material that has not yet been sufficiently shredded can be effectively prevented if a sieve with a mesh size corresponding to the desired size of the shredded material is inserted into the discharge opening. For this purpose, known sieves made of Hardox or steel can be used, for example. To remove the shredded material, it has proven particularly expedient if the device according to the invention also has a discharge belt for transporting it away.

If the shredding tool can be inserted into the shredding chamber from below together with the rotor shaft and preferably also together with the sieve, quick dismantling for repairs is guaranteed.

In order to increase the operational reliability of the device according to the invention, it has proven particularly expedient if the comminution tool or the rotor shaft is suspended from a housing enclosing the comminution chamber

is mounted. For this purpose, the shredding tool and the rotor shaft, if necessary with the exception of the cutting blades, are completely pre-assembled and inserted into the housing from below using a sieve lifting device. The rotor, which consists of the rotor shaft and the individual tool elements, can then be held on the housing using bearings screwed to the housing on the other side, whereby the bearings are designed so that the rotor is mounted in a suspended manner.

The device according to the invention expediently also has a device for automatically feeding the crushing chamber with the material to be crushed. If this feeding device has, for example, a hydraulically operated pushing device with which the material to be crushed is forced through the feeding opening in the direction of the crushing tool, preferably in the direction of a cutting gap formed between the crushing tool and the counter-tool, bridging of the material within the feeding opening can be reliably prevented and uninterrupted throughput can be guaranteed.

Such a pressing device can be implemented in a particularly simple manner if it can be moved back and forth like a pendulum, preferably pivoted about a fixed pivot axis.

In addition to or as an alternative to the re-pressing device, the feeding device of the shredding device according to the invention can also have a feed belt for the material to be shredded. When using such a feed belt in conjunction with a re-pressing device, the material to be shredded is expediently only grasped by the re-pressing device after it has left the feed belt.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is intended to construct the shredding device in a modular and mobile manner, whereby the discharge belt and the pressing device are already completely pre-assembled as independent modules and only need to be attached to the housing containing the shredding chamber by means of screws.

The invention is explained below with reference to the drawing, to which reference is expressly made with regard to all details essential to the invention and not detailed in the description. The drawing shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of a comminution device according to the invention,

Fig. 2 is a schematic sectional view of the shredding device shown in Fig. 1, corresponding to Fig. 1,
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Fig. 3 is a front view of the shredding device shown in Fig. 1,

Fig. 4a to 4c Detailed representations of the crushing chamber of the crusher shown in Fig. 1

shredding tool accommodated in the device,

Fig. 5 is a side view of the crushing tool according to the invention and

Fig. 6a to 6c Detailed views of the pressing device of the shredding device shown in Fig. 1.

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The comminution device shown in Figs. 1 to 3 essentially comprises a feeding device 10, a comminution device 30 and a discharge belt 120.

The comminution device 3 0 comprises a housing 3 2 enclosing the comminution chamber 34 with a feed opening 36 arranged at the top and a discharge opening 38 arranged at the bottom. A sieve 40 is inserted into the discharge opening 38.

A comminution tool 60, designated overall by 50, is inserted into the comminution chamber 34. As indicated in Fig. 2 by the arrow 51, the comminution tool 60 is mounted so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis A which is fixed with respect to the housing 32.

During the rotational movement, cutting blades 68 attached to the shredding tool 60 pass a counter blade 42 attached to the outer edge of the shredding chamber. This shreds the material filled into the shredding chamber 34. The size of the shredded parts created by this process can be adjusted by moving the counter blade 42 by operating an adjusting screw 45 (see Fig. 4a) in the direction indicated by the double arrow 44 in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis A and almost radially thereto.

As shown particularly clearly in Fig. 4b, the comminution tool 50 consists of a number of lamellar tool elements arranged one behind the other along the rotation axis A, each of which has two boundary surfaces running parallel to one another and perpendicular to the rotation axis A, with which adjacent tool elements abut one another. The individual tool elements 60 are arranged on a

♦*

The rotor shaft 80 defining the rotation axis A is pushed on and secured against twisting by means of grooved strips 84.

As shown particularly clearly in Fig. 4a, two diametrically opposed grooves 82 running parallel to the rotation axis A are provided in the rotor shaft 80, into which groove strips 84 are inserted and fastened to the rotor shaft 80 with countersunk screws 86.

The lamellar tool elements 60 pushed onto the rotor shaft each have an approximately circular recess 72 corresponding to the rotor shaft, which is provided with two diametrically opposed indentations 74 formed complementarily to the groove strip 84. This ensures that the individual tool elements are secured to the rotor shaft 80 in a form-fitting manner and are secured against rotation. The tool elements 60 pushed onto the rotor shaft 80 are screwed together with countersunk screws 79. This prevents axial displacement of individual tool elements in relation to the other tool elements on the rotor shaft 80.

To attach the countersunk screws 79, each individual tool element 60 is equipped with two threaded holes 76 and two countersinks 78. So-called wear rings 90 are attached to the tool elements 60 forming the lateral end faces of the shredding tool 50 and are divided for easier assembly and disassembly. These wear rings 90, in conjunction with further wear rings 92 attached to the lateral boundary surfaces of the shredding housing 60, prevent the material to be shredded from penetrating into the space between the shredding tool 50 and the side walls of the shredding housing 3 2 . In this way, wear of the side walls is prevented.

As shown particularly clearly in Fig. 4b, the

Wear rings 90 attached to the shredding tool 60 fit in a labyrinth-like manner into the wear rings 92 attached to the side walls of the shredding housing 32.

The structures of the individual tool elements 60 are shown particularly clearly in Figs. 4a and 5. Each individual tool element 60 has a lamellar base body 62 with a number of projections 66 projecting radially outwards. These projections 66 are arranged at constant distances from one another in the direction of rotation indicated by the arrow 51. Each of the projections 66 is equipped with a cutting blade 68 on its front face in the direction of rotation, which works together with the counter blade 42 during the shredding process.

As shown in detail in Fig. 4a, each of the cutting blades 68 is attached to the corresponding projection 66 by means of a countersunk screw 70.

From Fig. 5 it can be seen that the tool elements 60 arranged one behind the other in the direction of the rotation axis A according to Fig. 4b are rotated relative to one another in the rotation direction by a predetermined angle. In the embodiment of the invention shown in the drawing, this predetermined angle is 14.4°. This rotation is achieved by appropriately adjusting the bulges 74 in the recesses 72 of the individual rotor blades 60 and a corresponding arrangement of the holes 76 and countersinks 78. The tool elements 60, which differ from one another only in terms of the arrangement of the holes 76, countersinks 78 and bulges 74, can be manufactured particularly easily by first manufacturing intermediate products corresponding to the basic shape of the tool elements 60 with a circular recess 72 and only then milling the bulges 74 for the grooved strip 84 and making the threaded holes 76 and countersinks 78.

As shown particularly clearly in Figs. 2 and 4a, the sieve 40 inserted into the discharge opening 38 has the shape of a segment of a circular cylinder surface. This sieve can be made of steel or Hardox. The dimensions of the sieve must be adapted to the specified machine or crushing tool sizes and widths. The size of the crushing tools 60 of devices according to the invention can be selected essentially freely by appropriately selecting the number of tool elements 60 pushed onto the rotor shaft 80.

To assemble the device according to the invention, the crushing tool, which essentially consists of the rotor shaft 80 and the tool elements 60, can be completely pre-assembled and inserted into the tubular housing from below together with the sieve by means of a so-called sieve lifting device (not shown) until it rests against two further wear strips 94 and the wear strip 92. The crushing tool 50 is then attached to the housing 32 by means of two bearings 96 (see Fig. 1) which are screwed to the housing 32 on the other hand. In this way, the crushing tool 50 is stored in a suspended manner.

As shown in Fig. 1, the shredding tool 50 is driven by an electric motor 100 mounted outside the housing 3 2 via a pulley 102, a drive belt 104 and a clutch (see Fig. 3). The electric motor 100 is mounted on a rocker 110 so as to be pivotable about a pivot axis 114, the pivot axis extending parallel to the rotation axis A. The pivoting movement of the electric motor 100 can be brought about by means of a threaded rod 112 passing through the rocker 110 on the side opposite the pivot axis 114. In this way, the tension of the belt 104 can be adjusted according to requirements.

The feeding device 10 is arranged above the shredding device 30 and serves to feed the shredding chamber 34 with the material to be shredded, which is fed via a feed belt (not shown). The feeding device 10, which is shown particularly clearly in Fig. 2 and 6a to 6c, essentially comprises a housing 12 delimiting an inlet funnel 14, a rear wall 16, a pressing tool 18 and two hydraulically actuated piston-cylinder units 24, with which the pressing tool 18 can be moved back and forth like a pendulum, as indicated by the double arrow 20. This feeding device can be completely pre-assembled and fastened to the housing 32 of the shredding device 30 using screws. With the help of the piston-cylinder units, the pressing tool 18 is moved back and forth along a circular arc segment about a rotation axis 22. In this way, the material filled through the funnel 14 can be moved continuously in the direction of the shredding chamber 34 and in particular in the direction of the cutting gap formed between the counter knife 42 and the knives 68 attached to the shredding tool 60. This prevents the material to be shredded from forming bridges in the area of the feed opening 36 and guarantees uninterrupted throughput.

For maintenance or repair work, the rear wall 16 of the feeding device can be pivoted about the axis of rotation 22 together with the pressing tool 18 extending along the circular arc segment in order to create access to the crushing chamber 34 and the crushing tool 50 arranged therein. The shape of the pressing tool extending along the circular arc segment enables a particularly long pressing path to be achieved in order to enable reliable feeding of the crushing chamber 34 with only a few strokes of the pressing tool 18.

As can be seen particularly clearly from the combination of Fig. 6a and 6b on the one hand and Fig. 6c on the other hand, the rear wall 16 of the pressing device 10 with a closing angle attached to it also serves to support and protect the tool 42 attached to the outer edge of the crushing chamber 34. During operation of the crushing device shown in the drawing, the material to be crushed is forced through the hopper 14 with the aid of the pressing tool 18 into the crushing chamber 34, crushed there using the crushing tool 50 and the counter knife 42, then pressed through the sieve 40. When the crushed material has passed through the sieve, it falls onto the discharge belt 12 0 and is transported away.

Overall, the device according to the invention offers the following advantages:

The shredding chamber can be flexibly designed according to customer requirements by selecting the appropriate number of tool elements used to produce the shredding tool and can have a length of 600 mm up to over 1200 mm in the direction of the rotation axis. This means that customer requirements regarding the cutting width are no longer a problem.
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Individual tool elements can be easily and quickly replaced in the event of breakage.

Unnecessary welding work or a complete replacement of the shredding tool is completely eliminated. This means that the user only has minimal downtime when maintaining and repairing the device according to the invention.

Since the shredding tool is inserted into the housing of the shredding device from below, quick disassembly for repairs is guaranteed.

The machine's low weight and compact, modular design make it easy to transport.

The discharge belt can be attached to the shredding device from both the left and the right, which results in increased flexibility in the construction of the device according to the invention.

Claims (25)

1. Device for shredding cable scrap and DSD material with a shredding chamber ( 34 ) having a feed opening ( 36 ) for the material to be shredded and a shredding tool ( 50 ) rotating about a rotation axis (A), characterized in that the shredding tool ( 50 ) has at least two tool elements ( 60 ) arranged one behind the other in the direction of the rotation axis (A) and detachably connected to one another. 2. Shredding device according to claim 1, characterized in that the tool elements ( 60 ) are held in a rotationally fixed manner on a common rotor shaft ( 80 ) extending along the rotation axis (A). 3. Crushing device according to claim 2, characterized in that the rotor shaft ( 80 ) passes through recesses ( 72 ) formed in the tool elements ( 60 ). 4. Crushing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the tool elements ( 60 ) are positively connected to the rotor shaft ( 80 ) to obtain a rotationally fixed mounting. 5. Crushing device according to claim 4, characterized in that the rotor shaft ( 80 ) is essentially rotationally symmetrical and has in its outer surface at least one groove ( 82 ) extending in the direction of the rotation axis (A), in which a groove strip ( 84 ) is received which is on the other hand received in a complementary recess ( 74 ) in an inner boundary surface of the tool elements ( 60 ) delimiting the recess ( 72 ) of the tool elements ( 60 ). 6. Crushing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tool elements ( 60 ) preferably held on the rotor shaft ( 80 ) are directly connected to one another, preferably screwed together. 7. Crushing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two tool elements ( 60 ) in a cutting plane running perpendicular to the rotation axis (A) at least partially have substantially the same outer contour, preferably are formed in the form of disks or lamellae. 8. Shredding device according to claim 7, characterized in that at least two, preferably all, tool elements ( 60 ) having at least partially substantially the same outer contour are arranged directly one behind the other in the direction of the rotation axis (A) and preferably rotated relative to one another by the same angle in the rotation direction. 9. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the tool elements ( 60 ) has at least one cutting blade ( 68 ) preferably arranged on its outer edge. 10. Shredding device according to claim 9, characterized in that the cutting blade ( 68 ) is detachably connected, preferably screwed, to a base body ( 62 ) of the tool element ( 60 ). 11. Shredding device according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that at least one tool element ( 60 ) has at least two cutting blades ( 68 ) arranged offset from one another in the direction of rotation. 12. Comminution device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a counter tool ( 42 ) arranged in the region of a wall delimiting the comminution chamber ( 34 ) and cooperating with the comminution tool ( 50 ). 13. Crushing device according to claim 12, characterized in that the counter tool ( 42 ) is displaceable in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis, preferably approximately radially thereto. 14. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the shredding chamber ( 34 ) has a discharge opening ( 38 ) for the shredded material. 15. Shredding device according to claim 14, characterized in that a sieve ( 40 ) is inserted into the discharge opening ( 38 ). 16. Shredding device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a discharge belt ( 120 ) operable to transport away the shredded material. 17. Crushing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing tool ( 50 ) can be inserted into the crushing chamber ( 34 ) from below, preferably together with the sieve ( 40 ). 18. Crushing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the crushing tool ( 60 ) is mounted suspended on a housing ( 32 ) enclosing the crushing chamber ( 34 ). 19. Crushing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a device ( 210 ) for feeding the crushing chamber ( 34 ) with the material to be crushed. 20. Shredding device according to claim 19, characterized in that the feeding device ( 10 ) has a preferably hydraulically operated pressing device ( 18 ) with which the material to be shredded is forced through the feeding opening ( 36 ) in the direction of the shredding tool ( 50 ), preferably in the direction of a cutting gap ( 46 ) formed between the shredding tool ( 50 ) and the counter-tool ( 42 ). 21. Shredding device according to claim 20, characterized in that the pressing device ( 18 ) is movable back and forth in the manner of a pendulum. 22. Shredding device according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the feeding device ( 10 ) has a feed belt for the material to be shredded. 23. Shredding device according to claim 22, characterized in that the material to be shredded is only grasped by the pressing device ( 18 ) after it has left the feed belt. 24. Crushing tool for a crushing device according to one of the preceding claims. 25. Tool element for producing a comminution tool according to claim 24.