DE8913019U1 - Bracing system for dams and dikes, landfills and similar structures - Google Patents

Description

D-4300 ESSEN 1 EUROPEAN PATENT ATTORNEY My Zachen 89 080 Date 3 November 1989 Alfred Limbach, Langmannskamp 17, 4300 Essen 14

Bracing system for dams and dikes _, waste dumps and similar heaps

Dams and dykes, garbage dumps and similar structures must be consolidated in order to withstand mechanical stress. Dykes must be able to withstand the water pressure during floods.

In addition to the weight of the heap itself, an additional pressure load must be absorbed without changing the outer contour of the heap. The same applies to the construction of embankments for carriageways during road construction, railway construction and similar cases.

It is known that heaps of the aforementioned type can be consolidated by mechanical compaction. The heaps can also have a special layer structure in order to achieve the required strength. The cost of all these measures is ( ) relatively high, especially since a need for safety must be satisfied here, since the completed heaps are "structures" for public use. In order to achieve sufficient strength at a reasonable cost, the base of such heaps must be relatively wide and the slope angle (relative to the horizontal) relatively flat. Dike structures must also be specially protected against erosion, seepage and softening by water.

Based on this, the invention is based on the object of creating a system with which heaps for practical purposes obtain a high dimensional stability.

Telephone (02 01) 419 94 NaHonal-Bank Eseen (bank code 360 200 'O) 230 35"

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This object is achieved by a bracing system having the features of claim 1.

The plate-shaped wall elements can in principle enclose any angle with the horizon. Preferably, however, they are inclined at least 30° with respect to the horizontal . A substantially vertical orientation of the planes spanned by the plate-shaped wall elements is particularly preferred. In certain applications it can be advantageous to combine vertically oriented plate-shaped wall elements with inclined plate-shaped wall elements, whereby the vertically and the inclined plate-shaped wall elements cross each other, preferably at right angles, i.e. the intersection lines of the planes are inclined at a different angle from the horizontal.

In accordance with the mutual orientation of various panel-shaped wall elements to one another, the notches are inclined with respect to the panel edge. Notches oriented at right angles to the panel edge are particularly preferred. This means that the normals of all planes spanned by the panel - shaped wall elements extend parallel to a single plane, preferably parallel to a horizontal plane. A right-angled arrangement of the panel-shaped wall elements to one another is particularly preferred.

The panel shape of the wall elements means, among other things, that they can be stored and transported in a space-saving manner. Due to the wide range of options for arranging and orienting notches starting from the edge of the panel and for dimensioning their size and shape, almost any spatial structure can be produced despite the panel shape of the wall elements, in which the individual panel-shaped wall elements can be firmly connected to one another in the simplest way and an overall "skeleton" with an extraordinarily high compressive, shear and shear load capacity is achieved.

Although the panel-shaped wall elements can in principle have any shape of elevation (side views), polygonal-shaped elevations with straight edges, especially rectangular elevations, are preferred.

The ability to join plate-shaped wall elements according to the invention in the area of the notches according to the invention can be

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The wall elements are joined together by plugging them together. The best system rigidity is achieved by inserting a notch of each wall element to be plugged together into an opposite notch of the other wall element, preferably in such a way that the insertion depth is greater than the individual notch, in particular as large as the sum of both notches.

The notch depth can generally be freely selected. If the sum of the notch depths is equal to the panel width along the notch(s), the panel-shaped wall elements can create cavities with completely closed side walls.

Preferably, notches are provided on at least two of the opposite panel edges of the wall elements. In this way, several wall elements can be arranged on top of each other or next to each other in the same plane, whereby the type of connection always remains the same.

Continuous high walls can also be achieved by providing additional wall elements in addition to the wall elements with notches, which are provided in a known manner with edge grooves, springs or similar orientation and wall stiffening aids, which engage in corresponding means of adjacent wall elements. In this way, the notch depth can be kept comparatively short and a continuous high wall surface can still be achieved.

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It goes without saying that the aforementioned connecting elements Bi'-ch are particularly advantageous when wall elements with deep notches are arranged one above the other in such a way that their edges touch each other.

The width of the notches according to the invention is advantageously chosen so that it corresponds to the wall thickness of the BfirRinhfls inserted into the notch rtRR Wanrifil nrnnn-hns 7117&Ggr;1&Pgr;&Igr; i rh Has or f rrrrie-r 1-i r-hon

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If, according to another development of the invention, recesses such as grooves are provided in the wall elements in the plug-in area, the wall elements can have a comparatively large wall thickness in the areas outside the plug-in connections, so that a corresponding strength of the walls is achieved and/or further grooves can be provided, which can be used, for example, to accommodate further wall elements that do not cross each other. Alternatively or additionally - in order to achieve high strength and load-bearing capacity of the wall elements - these can be arranged in pairs with a lateral distance from each other. The spacing gaps can then be filled with concrete or the like, with the pairs of wall elements serving as permanent formwork. This will reduce the transport weight of the wall elements, among other things. In addition, filling the spacing gaps leads to a strengthening in the plug-in area of the wall elements; in this way, relatively wide and therefore easier to plug into each other notches can also be used.

If, according to another development of the invention, thickenings are provided in the plug-in area of the wall elements, a particularly high strength of the wall elements in the plug-in area can be achieved.

Appropriate embodiments of the subject matter of the invention, which in particular provide for a wide range of uses, simple manufacture,

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Transportability and assembly as well as ensuring a high stiffening effect of the stiffening system are included in further requirements.

The aforementioned components to be used according to the invention are not subject to any special exceptional conditions in terms of their size, shape, choice of material and technical conception, so that the selection criteria known in the respective field of application can be applied without restriction.

Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention emerge from the following description of the accompanying drawing, in which preferred embodiments of the stiffening system according to the invention are shown. In the drawing:

Fig. 1 three plate-shaped wall elements inserted into one another in side and front view;

Fig. 2 two plate-shaped wall elements inserted into one another in perspective view (partial view);

Fig. 3 shows a dam in frontal view with built-in ( ' bracing system according to the invention;

Fig. 4 the same bracing system in top view (partially and schematically shown);

Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the plug-in area of a wall element according to the invention in a perspective view;

Fig. 6 shows a further alternative embodiment of the plug-in area of a wall element according to the invention in a perspective view;

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Fig. 7 four interlocking panel-shaped wall elements in a further alternative design in perspective view (partial) and

Fig. 8 shows a further alternative embodiment of a bracing system according to the invention in a perspective view (partial view).

In Fig. 1, plate-shaped wall elements 1 according to the invention are

j, which consist of large, flat panels of constant &lgr; height and freely selectable width. The upper and lower edge areas, i.e. the longitudinal edges IA of the wall elements 1 are

ε are provided with longitudinal notches 2 which extend at right angles to the longitudinal edges IA. The width b of the notches

P; notches is as large as the thickness d of the wall elements plus a certain excess for sufficient play. The side walls 2A I of the notches 2 are shaped in such a way that further plate ^- shaped wall elements 1 with corresponding notches 2 can be inserted at a right angle to the first wall element. The depth ft t of the notches is a quarter of the width a of the wall elements 1. If the notches on the overlapping longitudinal edges IA of a wall element 1 are exactly opposite each other, which is shown in Fig. 1 in the left and right half of the picture , further wall elements 1, which have corresponding notches 2, can be inserted from both sides into the opposite notches of the ?-*5th wall element.

t tes should be inserted in such a way that the upper and lower

« Wall element touching at their long edges IA. This is shown in Fig. 1 ™ in the right half of the picture and leads to an exhibition system with continuous side walls of any height.

S openings 3 in the wall elements 1 can serve as hot eyes for the assembly of a stiffening system according to the invention and/or be large enough that a circulation of air or water or the like can take place through them, if this is desired.

Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of how two wall elements are plugged into one another according to the invention. Because two wall elements that are to be plugged into one another are preferably both provided with notches 2 according to the invention in the plug-in area, a newly plugged wall element, as soon as it is plugged into an underlying wall element, cannot tilt more than the slight play in the plug-in area allows. Of course, each wall element is generally not only plugged into a single underlying wall element, but, as can be seen in more detail in Fig. 4, into several wall elements at the same time . It goes without saying that the distances between the notches 2 in the longitudinal direction of the wall elements and the lateral distances between the wall elements that are lower and at right angles to them must be coordinated with one another. In this way, each wall element can enter into a large number of plug-in connections on both its lower and upper longitudinal edges, which significantly increases the rigidity of the plugged-together skeleton. From Fig. 1 (bottom left) it is also clear how wall elements adjacent to one another in the longitudinal direction can be connected to one another. This is done using, among other things, the H-shaped connecting plug 10 for the right-hand of the two notch pairs.

Fig. 3 and 4 show only one of a large number of applications of the reinforcement system according to the invention. The chambers 4 formed by the wall elements inserted into one another are then filled with slag sand, stones, garbage or the like, depending on the type of material to be reinforced. After or during filling, the material is advantageously compacted in a manner known per se. The chambers can also be "covered" in whole or in part, i.e. after filling with material, they can be provided with a cover made of concrete or the like or can also be filled with a corresponding material. In this way, several chambers 4 can be formed one above the other. This method not only increases the degree of reinforcement of the system, but also allows the final disposal of problematic waste.

In the case of dykes and similar water structures, the wall elements according to the invention and/or box systems formed from them can be lowered individually or together. This can be done using conventional lowering methods - even under water. The wall elements could also be washed into sandy beaches. The simple shape and handling of the wall elements according to the invention allows them to be built easily even under difficult conditions, such as those that arise in coastal protection measures. It is also possible to initially place just one or two layers of wall elements on top of each other and fill the cavities already created and then continue to build in height and/or width by adding or attaching further wall elements. In this way, even very large volume piles can be given an extraordinarily high level of strength under favorable working conditions and at comparatively low cost.

Fig. 4 and 5 show alternative possibilities for the design of the notches and the plug-in area associated with them, whereby in Fig. 5, depressions 5 and in Fig. 6, thickenings 6 are provided in the plug-in area. - It is understood that the shape and dimensions of the notches and the plug-in area can be varied in a wide variety of ways without departing from the C path of the solution according to the invention.

From Fig. 7 and 8 it can be seen that the lowest turning elements of a bracing system according to the invention can all be at the same level. For this purpose, the wall elements oriented in one direction only need to be correspondingly higher than the wall elements oriented in the other direction, the same applies to the upper end of the turning designed according to the invention. From Fig. 7 it can also be seen that additional wall elements 7 can also be provided without notches and can fill the space between wall elements 1 (with notches) lying vertically one above the other as intermediate elements.

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The assembly, in particular the alignment of the wall elements to one another and the strength of the stiffening system, can be advantageous through a tongue and groove arrangement 8 on the longitudinal edges IA of the wall elements 1 and/or the additional wall elements 7.

From Fig. 5 it is also clear that wall panels according to the invention can also be arranged in pairs with a small lateral distance from one another , which then act like a permanent formwork and are filled with concrete or the like in their spacing gaps 9.

The reinforcement ^system according to the invention therefore has a honeycomb-like structure at its core.

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List of reference symbols:

1 Wall element IA Longitudinal edge

2 Notch

2A Notching side walls

? Breakthroughs

4 chambers

5 Deepening

6 Thickening

-&ngr; 7 additional wall elements

8 Tongue and groove arrangement

9 Distance gap

Connector plug-in part

a Width of the wall elements

b Width of notches

d Thickness of wall elements

t Depth of notches

s Insertion depth

Claims (12)

Expectations: 1. Bracing system for dam and dike constructions, waste disposal sites and similar piles, consisting of plate-shaped wall elements (1) with at least one notch (2) extending from the plate edge (IA) for receiving at least one further plate-shaped wall element at its edge in such a way that the joined plate-shaped wall elements (1) are at an angle to one another. 2. Bracing system according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of the wall elements extends approximately vertically. 3. Bracing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the notches (2) extend approximately at right angles to the edge of the panel (longitudinal edge IA). 4. Bracing system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the wall elements (1) and the notches ( ) are shaped in such a way that the wall elements can be connected by plugging. 5. Bracing system according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least two wall elements (1) can be joined together in the region of their respective notches (2). 6. Bracing system according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the depth (t) of each notch (2) is approximately 50% or approximately 25 % of the width (a) of the relevant wall element (1) measured in the direction of extension of the notch. •&Lgr;2'- 7. Bracing system according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by additional wall elements (7) which can be inserted between wall elements (1) arranged in a plane with a lateral distance from one another. 8. Bracing system according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that wall elements (I ₁ 7) which abut one another at their edges have mutually correspondingly shaped end faces as orientation and wall bracing aids, such as a tongue and groove arrangement (8). 9. Bracing system according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the width (b) of the notches (2) is equal to the thickness (d) of the wall elements (1) in the plug-in area plus the required play. 10. Bracing system according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the wall elements (1) in the plug-in area at least in the extension of the notch (2) have at least one recess (5). 11. Bracing system according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the wall elements (1) have at least one thickening (6) in the plug-in area at least in the extension of the notches (2). 12. Bracing system according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the wall elements (1) are arranged in pairs with a lateral spacing next to one another to form a spacing gap (9).