DE814865C - Process for the production of solid, porous building and insulating moldings - Google Patents
Process for the production of solid, porous building and insulating moldingsInfo
- Publication number
- DE814865C DE814865C DEP40494A DEP0040494A DE814865C DE 814865 C DE814865 C DE 814865C DE P40494 A DEP40494 A DE P40494A DE P0040494 A DEP0040494 A DE P0040494A DE 814865 C DE814865 C DE 814865C
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- firing
- molds
- silicates
- solid
- production
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 title claims description 4
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002639 bone cement Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001596 celadonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052631 glauconite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005332 obsidian Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010454 slate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010000060 Abdominal distension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000024330 bloating Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001007 puffing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Herstellung von festen, porösen Bau- und Isolierformlingen Es wurde bereits ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von porösen Bau- oder Füllstoffen durch Aufblähen von Mineralien entwickelt, welche gasentwickelnde Stoffe enthielten, wobei diese Mineralien auf die Erweichungstemperatur bis zur Gasentwicklung erhitzt wurden. Insbesondere wurde ein solches Verfahren für Alaunschiefer, gegebenenfalls in Mischung mit anderen Silikaten, in Vorschlag gebracht; die Erhitzung sollte in zwei Stufen durchgeführt und das Material längere Zeit auf der ersten Erhitzungsstufe von iooo° belassen werden. Dieses Verfahren ist wegen der langen Brennzeit unwirtschaftlich und ergibt noch keine fertigen Formkörper, sondern nur Granulate von i bis 2 cm Durchmesser, aus denen Gebrauchsgegenstände erst durch weitere Verarbeitung hergestellt werden können. Demgegenüber besteht die vorliegende Erfindung in einem Verfahren zur Herstellung von festen, porösen Bau- und Isolierformlingen aus eisenoxydhaltigen Silikaten, insbesondere Glaukonit, Seladonit, Alaunschiefer, Obsidian, bei dem die Silikate in Formen aus Schamotte gebrannt werden und dadurch die Gestalt der umgebenden Formen annehmen. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, fertige Gebrauchsgegenstände durch einen einzigen Arbeitsvorgang in wirtschaftlicher Weise herzustellen.Process for the production of solid, porous building and insulating moldings There has already been a method for making porous building or fillers developed by the expansion of minerals, which contained gas-evolving substances, these minerals being heated to the softening temperature until gas is generated became. In particular, such a process has been used for alum shale, where appropriate in a mixture with other silicates, proposed; the heating should be in carried out two stages and the material on the first heating stage for a longer period of time be left by iooo °. This process is uneconomical because of the long burning time and does not yet produce finished moldings, but only granulates from 1 to 2 cm Diameter from which everyday objects are only made through further processing can be. In contrast, the present invention consists in a method for the production of solid, porous structural and insulating moldings from iron oxide-containing Silicates, especially glauconite, celadonite, alum slate, obsidian, in which the Silicates are fired in molds from fireclay and this gives the shape of the surrounding Take shape. In this way it is possible to get through finished objects of daily use to produce a single operation in an economical manner.
Um eine gleichmäßige Verteilung der Porenräume zu erzielen, werden gemäß der weiteren Erfindung die Silikate vor dem Brennen einer Feinzerkleinerung unterworfen und bezüglich Korngröße und Zusammensetzung vor dem Brennen homogenisiert. Um ein Ankleben des Brenngutes an der Form zu verhindern und eine mehrmalige Verwendung der gleichen Form möglich zu machen, werden gemäß der weiteren Erfindung die Innenwände der Brennformen mit einer Mischung reinen Sandes, z. B. Fördersand, und organischen Leims, wie Knochenleim, Gelatine, bestrichen; der Mischung kann 5 bis io% feuerfester Ton beigegeben werden.In order to achieve an even distribution of the pore spaces, According to the further invention, the silicates are subjected to a fine comminution prior to firing subjected and homogenized with regard to grain size and composition before firing. Around to prevent the items to be fired from sticking to the mold and to avoid repeated use To make the same shape possible, the inner walls are according to the further invention the kiln molds with a mixture of pure sand, e.g. B. conveyor sand, and organic Glue, such as bone glue, gelatin, coated; the mixture can be 5 to 10% more refractory Clay can be added.
Statt dessen können die Innenwände der Brennformen auch mit einer Aufschlämmung von Tonerdehydrat, gegebenenfalls unter Zusatz gemahlener Schamotte, derart ausgegossen und anschließend entleert werden, daß eine i bis 2 mm dicke Schicht der Aufschlämmung an den Wänden haftenbleibt.Instead, the inner walls of the firing molds can also be equipped with a Slurry of alumina hydrate, if necessary with the addition of ground chamotte, poured and then emptied in such a way that a 1 to 2 mm thick layer the slurry adheres to the walls.
Eine weitere Verkürzung des Brenn- und Blähvorganges beruht auf einer Feststellung des Erfinders über die Umwandlungsvorgänge der Eisenoxyde. Der Blähvorgang ist nämlich auf eine Entwicklung von Sauerstoffgas zurückzuführen, welches durch die' bei i ioo bis 1200° einsetzende spontane Umwandlung von dreiwertigem in zweiwertiges Eisen in Freiheit gesetzt wird. Hierbei entsteht aus 6 Fei 03 --> 4 Fei O, + 0, Es genügt bereits die Umwandlung von einem geringen Prozentsatz des im Rohstoff vorhandenen -Eisenoxyds, um ein Produkt mit einem Raumgewicht von 0,5 bis 0,7 g/cm3 zu erzeugen. Andererseits führt eine zu starke und plötzliche Reduktion zu eurem unerwünscht hohen Prozentsatz an zweiwertigem Eisen, welches als Flußmittel wirkt und die Zähigkeit der Schmelze erheblich vermindert. Die kleinen Gasbläschen, welche .die Porenbildung verursachen, können sich dann zu großen Blasen sammeln, so daß ein technisch wertloses Produkt entsteht.A further shortening of the burning and expanding process is based on a statement by the inventor about the transformation processes of iron oxides. The swelling process is due to the development of oxygen gas, which is set free by the spontaneous conversion of trivalent iron into divalent iron, which begins at 100 ° to 1200 °. This results in 6 Fei 03 -> 4 Fei O, + 0, The conversion of a small percentage of the iron oxide present in the raw material is sufficient to produce a product with a density of 0.5 to 0.7 g / cm3 produce. On the other hand, too strong and sudden a reduction leads to your undesirably high percentage of divalent iron, which acts as a flux and considerably reduces the toughness of the melt. The small gas bubbles which cause the pore formation can then collect into large bubbles, so that a technically worthless product is created.
Gemäß der weiteren Erfindung erfolgt daher das Brennen in einer oxydierenden Atmosphäre, vorzugsweise in einer solchen mit einem Luftüberschuß von 30 0/0 oder mehr. Ein solcher Luftüberschuß ist schon beim Aufheizen zweckmäßig, um das ursprünglich in dem Rohstoff vorhandene zweiwertige Eisen zu dreiwertigem zu oxydieren.According to the further invention, therefore, the firing takes place in an oxidizing one Atmosphere, preferably in one with an excess of air of 30 0/0 or more. Such an excess of air is expedient already during the heating process in order to prevent the originally to oxidize divalent iron present in the raw material to trivalent iron.
Es ist bekannt, daß beim Brennen eisenoxydhaltiger Tone in reduzierender Atmosphäre Bläherscheinungen auftreten, und es wurde als Mittel zur Vermeidung des dabei unerwünschten Aufblähens die Anwendung einer oxydierenden Atmosphäre empfohlen. Die Lehre der Erfindung ist aus dieser Übung offensichtlich nicht zu entnehmen.It is known that when burning iron oxide-containing clays in reducing Atmosphere bloating occurs and it has been used as a means of avoiding the The use of an oxidizing atmosphere is recommended for unwanted puffing. The teaching of the invention can obviously not be derived from this exercise.
Beispiel Glaukonitischer Ton vom Uelsener Höhenzug, Grafschaft Bentheim, mit folgender Zusammensetzung: 66,o % Si 02, 1 i,o % A1203, 14,0 %Fe203 + Fe O, o,6 % Ca O, 2,3 % Mg O, 6,1 %K, O und 7,9% Glühverlust wird in einer Schleudermühle homogenisiert und zerkleinert. Diese Masse wird in eine Schamotteform gefüllt, deren Wände mit einem Überzug aus 70 % gemahlener Schamotte und 30 0/0 Tonerdehydrat versehen sind, und dann in einem Tunnelofen mit stark oxydierender Atmosphäre 6 Stunden lang bei Segerkegel 8 gebrannt. Das Brennprodukt wird an der Oberfläche glattgeschliffen. Der so hergestellte Formstein besitzt ein Raumgewicht von o,6 bis 0,7 g/cm3 und eine Druckfestigkeit von 50 bis 70 kg/cm2 bei einer Porengröße von i bis 2 mm.Example Glauconitic clay from the Uelsener mountain range, Grafschaft Bentheim, with the following composition: 66.0% Si 02.110% A1203, 14.0% Fe203 + Fe0.6% Ca0.2.3% Mg0 , 6.1% K, O and 7.9% loss on ignition is homogenized and comminuted in a centrifugal mill. This mass is poured into a fireclay mold, the walls of which are provided with a coating of 70% ground fireclay and 30% alumina hydrate, and then fired in a tunnel furnace with a strongly oxidizing atmosphere for 6 hours at Segerkegel 8. The firing product is sanded smooth on the surface. The shaped stone produced in this way has a density of 0.6 to 0.7 g / cm3 and a compressive strength of 50 to 70 kg / cm2 with a pore size of 1 to 2 mm.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP40494A DE814865C (en) | 1949-04-23 | 1949-04-23 | Process for the production of solid, porous building and insulating moldings |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP40494A DE814865C (en) | 1949-04-23 | 1949-04-23 | Process for the production of solid, porous building and insulating moldings |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE814865C true DE814865C (en) | 1951-09-27 |
Family
ID=7377171
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP40494A Expired DE814865C (en) | 1949-04-23 | 1949-04-23 | Process for the production of solid, porous building and insulating moldings |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE814865C (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1571592B1 (en) * | 1964-08-28 | 1971-01-14 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Process for sintering boron nitride with press forming |
| DE102013002518A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-14 | Josef Hacker | Closed encased and accessible mobile device for editing and ejecting honeycomb at different locations of transport vehicle, has transportable carrier frame which is positioned on base by suitable unit |
-
1949
- 1949-04-23 DE DEP40494A patent/DE814865C/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1571592B1 (en) * | 1964-08-28 | 1971-01-14 | Hitachi Chemical Co Ltd | Process for sintering boron nitride with press forming |
| DE102013002518A1 (en) | 2013-02-13 | 2014-08-14 | Josef Hacker | Closed encased and accessible mobile device for editing and ejecting honeycomb at different locations of transport vehicle, has transportable carrier frame which is positioned on base by suitable unit |
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