DE3924379C2 - Rope and method of making it - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing Ropes, each with a fastening at both ends have means in the manner of a supporting strand loop, according to the preamble of claim 1.

The invention further relates to a single-strand rope, especially a carrying rope for moving and / or transport general cargo, according to the preamble of claim 6.

Ropes are generally made of several strands in one or several layers in general helically around an insert are stranded. However, there are also known ropes that are used in essentially from each other in parallel  derlying wires formed as support strands become.

For example, from DE-PS 3 76 774 is a genus appropriate wire rope known, the supporting strand loops by essentially winding an endless one in parallel Wire are formed on rolls that are not part of it of the rope, the support strand thus formed being cunning After removal from the (winding) rolls with a wire be wrapped.

Apart from the fact that the suspension straps are one of those rope, especially for large loads They are also subject to abrasion resistance against a considerable risk of damage, namely in especially if they are loaded with a sling be struck, which due to its dimensioning or other training on inadmissible bending or Buckling stresses of the supporting strands leads because of the bending radius of the support strand loops or their support strands is not limited.

Furthermore, it is disadvantageous that the supporting strand loops can twist over time, and then no longer egg in a corresponding coupling device Nes helicopter or the like can be introduced.

Leave among the variety of common uses of ropes some stand out in terms of rope character teristika special requirements for load capacity, the specific weight (especially in relation to the load  ability), the deformability (on bending and / or Torsion), the design of the rope ends etc. Such applications exist for suspension ropes that For example, when felling felled trees by helicopter in rough terrain (e.g. in the mountains) when mountains or around placing military equipment or recovering loads used in emergencies. Such applications first set a relatively large rope length of For example, 50 m and more ahead, with a relative high breaking load of, for example, 40 t and more, however at the same time the lowest possible specific weight of the rope is desired so that the payload is as possible can be great.

In addition, the rope diameter - despite the ge desired breaking load - for that reason be relatively small, so that the flow resistance is as small as possible, so that it when the rope is subjected to wind or If possible, water does not cause a strong deflection of the Ropes and / or unacceptable pendulum vibrations of the utility last comes.

On the other hand, if possible, it will also be a relatively high one Torsional strength of the rope is desired so that it remains during during transport not too significant torsional vibrations comes around the longitudinal axis of the rope.

Finally, the end brackets should or must (= Final positions) should be as small as possible, with the con conventional round ropes in the manner of an eye or chew minimal splice to be realized without damage  radius is considered too large, since this bending radius for round ropes at least eight times the size of the rope diameter must be if you have impermissible loads of the individual supporting strands (due to excessive stretching and Wants to avoid sprains), which leads to a buckling of the Carrying strands can. With a rope diameter of For example, the empiri given above results in 30 mm limit value but already a minimum radius of 24 cm, what, for example, for the usage examples given above would be great if you had such a suspension rope at one end by means of a supporting strand loop by latching or the like. attach to one helicopter and the other End the (payload) load by latching or the like want.

The invention is based on the object generic rope - as well as a convenient method its manufacture - to create, which at a rela tiv small training of its suspension straps nevertheless ensures that its supporting strands in the area of the endhal in the area of the permissible load capacity of the rope not be deformed in an inadmissible manner and against external Outer influences are well protected so that they are well after a long period of use, for example, in one corresponding coupling device of a helicopter let it latch in, despite the high breaking load at relative small diameter a relatively low specific Weight and the greatest possible flexibility should be around the rope (e.g. in a helicopter ber) to store easily.  

The solution to this problem is regarding the sheep fenden rope according to the invention in the characterizing note paint of claim 6, during the procedural part the task by the characteristic features of the Anspru ches 1 is solved.

Preferred configurations of the present invention are described in the subclaims.

The invention is based on an embodiment further explained with reference to a drawing where in the following description of the embodiment - to avoid unnecessary repetitions - also various Contains aspects that generally relate to the invention relate, but also aspects that only mentioned by way of example and within the scope of the present invention must be modified.

In the drawing shows

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a rope end provided with an end position, the left part of the end position being finished, while the right part of Fig. 1 shows the state before the casting, and wherein the cover plate belonging to the thimble housing is omitted;

FIG. 2 shows section II framed in FIG. 1 with a dash-dotted line, that is to say a rope section of the rope according to FIG. 1, in an enlarged representation; and

Fig. 3 shows the individual manufacturing phases of a rope according to the invention in training as a suspension rope with arranged at both rope ends ter thimble in a schematic representation.

Fig. 1 shows in a somewhat schematic, not by going to scale illustration of a game Ausführungsbei an end section 1 provided with an end portion of an inventive he single-stranded rope 2 , of which only a short section is shown; the actual length L of the rope 2 is 45 m.

The rope 2 is a carrying rope for picking up, transporting and depositing piece goods, namely from felled trees in mountainous and therefore rough terrain, the transfer and transport process being carried out by means of a helicopter to which the rope 2 is attached one of its two end positions 1 is fastened (for example, by passing a corresponding coupling bolt through the through bore 3 of a thimble element 4 of the relevant end position 1 , which can be seen in FIG. 1 and runs transversely to the longitudinal direction of the cable 2 , and is releasably locked in this position).

The cross section of the thimble element 4 is indicated in Fig. 1a, reference being made at this point to the fact that the surface 5 of the thimble element 4 which comes into contact with the supporting strands is of a polished design or is coated with tetrafluoroethylene, in order to be described in detail below Reasons to realize the lowest possible coefficient of friction between the surface 5 of the thimble element 4 and the support strands.

As can be seen in particular from the upper part of FIG. 1 and the detail representation according to FIG. 2, the rope 2 has a (rope) core 6 and a (rope) sheath 7 , the core 6 essentially consisting of one Large plurality of mutually parallel support strands 8 , which in the illustrated embodiment each consist of a polyethylene filament (more precisely a section of an endless filament), but instead of yarns, twists, braids and the like. Like. From high-strength man-made fibers (such as. Aramid, polyester or the like.) May consist.

The parallel to each other support strands 8 are in the finished state of the rope 2 in firm mutual contact, and they are so tightly pressed against each other by the jacket 7 that a cross section through the rope 2 (see. Fig. 1b) in the Support strands 8 formed core area (almost) appears like a rod-shaped plastic body. Between the numerous individual support strands 8 , which - as stated - in the illustrated embodiment, for example, each consist only of a polyethylene filament, no gaps can be seen with the naked eye. Nevertheless, despite this design and despite a diameter D of 30 mm, the rope 2 is extremely flexible, so that it can be reeled up very comfortably in the stored state or stored in a space-saving manner in some other way.

This intimate mutual pressing together in the longitudinal direction of the rope 2 parallel to each other strands 8 takes place, as already briefly mentioned, essentially by the rope sheath 7 , which is formed in the embodiment shown, for example, two layers or two layers and - as in particular Fig. 1b clearly recognizable - consists of an inner cladding layer 7.1 and an outer cladding layer 7.2 , which for the sake of simplicity are also referred to below as the inner or outer jacket.

In the illustrated embodiment, the inner jacket 7.1 consists of a high-tension wooden braid made of synthetic fiber strands, while the outer jacket 7.2 consists of a polyethylene monofilament braid, in which two monofilaments with a diameter of about 1 mm run parallel to each other, so that the rope 2 in particular thereby - with relatively great flexibility transversely to its longitudinal axis - receives a high torsional stiffness and also an extremely high abrasion resistance, which is very important for the above-mentioned application, for example, when the rope 2 after picking up a tree trunk strikes a rock edge or another obstacle or moves relatively abrasively to it before the helicopter, together with the rope and load, has flown out of possible collision areas.

As has already been indicated above, two mutually parallel support strands are each formed in one piece or integrally and connected to one another, the second support strand 8 in turn being integrally formed with a third support strand 8 , etc., i.e. ultimately the entire cable core 6 - with the exception of one it passing through electrical signal line 9 - consists of an endless filament, as will be explained in more detail below in particular with reference to FIG. 3 using an exemplary embodiment of the inventive method.

At each end of the rope 2 , a thimble element 4 is arranged whose free end portion 4 'is curved and has a receiving groove 10 (see FIG. 1a) for receiving the support strands 8 , which also in the area of the thimble element 4 and its receiving groove 10th run essentially parallel to each other.

The thimble element 4 is surrounded by a thimble housing 11 which has a substantially U-shaped frame 11 ', which is closed at the free ends of its two legs, and a cover 12 , which, however, may also be dispensed with.

As can be seen in the right part of FIG. 1 (as well as from FIG. 3), if there are n supporting strands 8 of the rope 2, n / 2 supporting strands are guided around the thimble element as a supporting strand group 13 , the loop-shaped supporting strand group 13 being encased by means of a film 14 is so that the individual support strands can move - if necessary - somewhat relative to each other, so that they carry all loads uniformly and evenly under load (without the rope losses unavoidable with conventional ropes), essentially with a load-bearing capacity , which corresponds to the load capacity of a support strand 8 multiplied by the number of support strands 8 . This result, which is unusual at least for single-strand ropes, results from the design and manufacture according to the invention.

After the arrangement according to the right part of Fig. 1 is made, the remaining cavity within the frame 11 'is poured out with plastic 15 , which is indicated in the left part of Fig. 1 by dotting, and it can possibly be on both sides of the lid 12 are fixed with screws 16 to the frame 11 ', which can be provided with threaded holes 17 for this purpose.

The aforementioned signal line 9, by means of which eg. An off example in case of overload or in other situations. Klink signal from the helicopter to the stop position to transmit, may element at a suitable position from the thimbles 4 or the Kausch housing are brought out. 11

The method according to the invention for producing a rope 2 provided at both ends with end positions 1 according to the invention is explained below with reference to the schematic FIG. 3, which involves the production of a rope 2 with a length L of 45 m and a diameter D of (only) 30 mm is a load capacity of 30 t, and the dimensions of the end brackets 1 are extremely small compared to conventional end brackets. The latter is made possible according to the invention in that the above-mentioned empirical formula for the minimum bending radius of a rope (at least 8 times the rope diameter) for a rope according to the invention, due to the design thereof, does not obviously apply to the rope 2 as a whole, but to the individual support strands 8 , so that - as the bending radius r shows in Fig. 1 - the "eye" of the thimble arrangement can be considerably smaller than with conventional ropes, as is particularly desirable for such applications to the highest degree.

First, the two thimble elements 4 , 4 are arranged in a plane with a distance L corresponding to the predetermined rope length and held in this position. This can be done, for example, by inserting the two thimble elements 4 , 4 into a bolt 18 firmly anchored to the ground by means of their through-bore 3 , as can be seen in FIG. 3a.

Then endless support strand material 8 'is drawn off in the direction of arrow 19 from a material supply 20 , which in the present case is a roll wound with support strand material, and continuously essentially parallel to each other around the two thimble elements 4 held at predetermined mutual distance L. , 4 wound, as can be seen from FIG. 1b at the start of the winding process.

Subtract instead of the supporting strand material 8 'of a rotating roller 20, the supporting material supply 20 in order to wrap the arranged at a fixed distance L thimbles may members 4, 4 are also moved in Umwicklungssinne relative to the thimble members 4, 4 as this in Fig. 3b has been indicated by a dash-dotted line 21 .

After the predetermined number of supporting strands 8 has been arranged by wrapping the receiving grooves 10 of the two thimble elements 4 , 4 arranged and held at a distance (see FIG. 3c), the filament connection leading to the supporting strand material is separated and the two in this state with a mutual distance f running support strand groups 13 , 13 - after central arrangement of the electrical signal line 9 - summarized to the rope core 6 with a circular cross-sectional area. This is done by arranging or generating in Fig. 3d (as in Fig. 1b) with dash-dotted lines indicated inner sheath 7.1 , which in the exemplary embodiment shown consists of a synthetic fiber cross braid, the inner sheath 7.1 interwoven crosswise with high tensile stress is so that it exerts inward radial forces on the support strands 8 and these are pressed together in close mutual contact.

Especially around the rope against abrasive stresses u. To make it resilient and to give it the highest possible torsional strength, the rope body is then braided crosswise with the outer sheath 7.2 consisting of polyethylene monofilaments (indicated by dash-dotted lines in FIGS . 1b and 3d), which also if in one Cross braid can be arranged.

If this state of manufacture according to FIG. 3d is reached, the thimble housing 11 is attached, firstly the frame 11 '. Beforehand, the two supporting strand groups 13 , 13 are each surrounded with a film 14 (see FIG. 3e). The remaining free space inside the thimble housing 11 is then filled with plastic 15 , as can be seen in the left part of FIG. 3f, and finally the two covers 12 are screwed on by means of the screws 16 , as can be seen in the right part in FIG. 3f . The rope 2 is then finished and can be removed from the two retaining bolts 18 .

When in use, the individual support strands 8 are loaded substantially uniformly under load, since they run parallel to one another in wesent union and - despite the radial pressure exerted by the jacket 7 - are freely movable relative to one another, so that essentially all of the support strands 8 bear substantially uniformly. Ultimately, this leads to the rope 2 having a relatively small diameter D despite a high breaking load, and in addition, as stated, extremely small end positions 1 can be achieved.

Claims (20)

1. A method for producing ropes, each of which has a fastening means at the ends in the manner of a supporting strand loop, with endless supporting strand material being withdrawn from a material supply and continuously being wound parallel to two elements, forming the two supporting strand loops, which are arranged and held in one plane with a distance corresponding to the predetermined cable length, and wherein after arranging the predetermined number of support strands, the support strands between the support strand loops are surrounded by a jacket which closely surrounds the support strands forming the outer surface of the cable core under radial prestress, characterized in that the Tragstrangma material ( 8 ') is wound around two thimble elements ( 4 ); that the thimble elements ( 4 ) after being wrapped with the supporting strands ( 8 ) are each surrounded by a thimble housing ( 11 ) which extends in the direction of the other rope end beyond the relevant jacket end; and that the cavity remaining in the thimble housing ( 11 ) is filled with a plastic ( 15 ). 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the jacket ( 7 ) is constructed in two or more layers. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the respective from half of the support strands ( 8 ) formed support strand groups ( 13 ) are encased before casting. 4. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that when arranging the support strands ( 8 ) at least one substantially parallel to the support strands ( 8 ) extending electrical line ( 9 ) is arranged, which is on at least one end of the rope to the rope ( 2 ) extends. 5. The method according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Tragstrangmate rialvorrat ( 20 ) when wrapping the fixed spaced (L) arranged thimble elements ( 4 ) in the winding sense re relatively moved to this. 6. Single-stranded rope, in particular suspension rope for moving and / or transporting piece goods, which has a fastening means in the manner of a suspension rope loop at both ends, with a formed from a plurality of substantially parallel to one another, made from an endless suspension rope material Support strands existing rope core, which is surrounded between the support strand loop by a jacket which closely surrounds the rope core under radial prestress, characterized in that a thimble element ( 4 ) is arranged in the support strand loops, the curved free end portion of which is a receiving groove ( 10 ) for the Has rope material in which the support strands ( 8 ) are received running substantially parallel to each other; that the thimble members (4) are each surrounded by a housing (11) which extends from the outer end portion of the respective thimble Enele mentes (4) at least up to the point at which the two from Kausch element (4) weggeführ th, each of the Half of the support strands ( 8 ) consist of the support strand groups ( 13 ) to form a closed rope core ( 6 ); and that the free interior of the hous ses ( 11 ) with a plastic ( 15 ) is poured out. 7. Rope according to claim 6, characterized in that the supporting strands ( 8 ) consist of filaments, yarns, twists or Ge braid. 8. Rope according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the supporting strands ( 8 ) made of high-strength synthetic fibers hen best. 9. Rope according to claim 8, characterized in that the supporting strands ( 8 ) consist of polyethylene, an aramid or poly ester. 10. Rope according to one or more of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the rope core ( 6 ) for the purpose of forming the sheath ( 7 ) is braided. 11. Rope according to claim 10, characterized in that the rope core ( 6 ) is braided crosswise. 12. Rope according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the sheath ( 7 ) consists of a network of monofilaments made of polyamide. 13. Rope according to claim 12, characterized in that the Monofilaments have a diameter of approx. 1 to 2 mm. 14. Rope according to one or more of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the rope core ( 6 ) for the purpose of forming the sheath ( 7 ) is extrusion-coated with plastic. 15. Rope according to one or more of claims 6 to 14, characterized in that the sheath ( 7 = 7.1 , 7.2 ) is constructed in several layers. 16. Rope according to claim 15, characterized in that the sheath ( 7 ) is formed in two layers, the inner jacket ( 7.1 ) consists of a high-tensile cross-braid made of plastic fibers and the outer sheath ( 7.2 ) made of a monofilament braid made of polyamide, in which two monofilaments run parallel to each other in the direct system. 17. Rope according to one of claims 6 to 16, characterized in that the surface coming into contact with the rope material ( 5 ) of the receiving groove ( 10 ) is polished. 18. Rope according to one of claims 6 to 16, characterized in that the surface coming into contact with the rope material ( 5 ) of the receiving groove is coated with tetrafluoroethylene. 19. Rope according to one of claims 6 to 18, characterized in that the support strand groups ( 13 ) not sheathed by the sheath ( 7 ) are each surrounded by a sheath ( 14 ) in the manner of a film. 20. Rope according to one or more of claims 6 to 19, characterized in that the rope core ( 6 ) has at least one electrical line ( 9 ) which extends at least at one end of the rope to beyond this.