DE3714367A1 - Process and device for producing moulded parts or articles from thermoformable plastic webs - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a process and a device for producing moulded parts or articles from thermoformable plastic webs by the negative thermoforming process, in which the plastic web, if appropriate clamped or pretensioned, is introduced into the negative thermoforming mould with the assistance of a pressure difference and with heating, and is formed in the negative thermoforming mould and is textured and/or grained in the surface or on the surface layer during the thermoforming by means of the structured, porous and air-permeable surface of the negative thermoforming mould and, subsequently or simultaneously, a treatment agent is applied to the plastic web from the reverse side of the plastic web. The treatment agent is a coolant liquid or cold gas or an adhesion promoter, an adhesive, a plastic layer and/or a barrier layer. The negative thermoforming mould has assigned to it a receiving trough or a receiving vessel, and nozzles, jets or spraying devices, the opening and/or nozzle angle of which is directed onto the mould cavity of the negative thermoforming mould intended to receive the plastic web.

Description

The present invention relates to a method and a device for the production of molded parts or Objects made of thermoformable plastic sheets according to the negative deep drawing process. The preferred clamped or pre-stressed plastic film, art web or plastic plate is made by means of the front direction and the procedure using a Differential pressure and heating in the negative thermoforming mold introduced and in the negative thermoforming process shape deformed under structure and grain, after which the plastic sheet after the thermoforming of the Reverse ago according to the invention of a treatment is subjected.

The aim and object of the present invention was to the deep-drawing processes and deep-drawing known per se improve devices. The deformed art webs of fabric (including sheets, foils and the like) should have improved properties, in particular also with regard to their grain or surface structuring, for example a good temperature persistence, possess and / or better or faster can be processed further.

According to the invention, it was found that these goals and tasks a method and an apparatus for Manufacture of molded parts or objects from ther mouldable plastic sheets according to the  Negative deep drawing process is justified, with the opposed if necessary, clamped or pre-stressed plastic web using a pressure difference and inserted into the negative deep-drawing mold with heating and is deformed in the negative deep-drawing mold, whereby the art brought into the negative deep drawing mold fabric through the structured, porous and air permeable surface of the negative thermoforming tool in the surface or on the surface layer structured and / or ge scars and subsequently or simultaneously from the (not in contact or connection with the negative deep-drawing mold standing) back of the plastic sheet forth a loading agent applied to the plastic sheet becomes.

According to a preferred embodiment of the Invention according to the method, the treatment agent is a Coolant or a cold gas that is in the Negative deep-drawing mold located plastic sheet on the Demolding temperature or close to the demolding cooling temperature or shock cooling. Thereby ge the scars and structures achieved also in To obtain micro-range when demolding in their Hardly to affect shape, shorter work cycles too achieve and among other things also deformed objects or molded parts with improved properties hold.

According to a further embodiment, the treatment an adhesion promoter, preferably a Adhesion promoter liquid or an adhesion promoter ler containing liquid, an adhesive, an in Spray process to apply plastic layer  and / or a barrier layer, preferably one as Apply liquid or as a liquid mixture de barrier layer used. As a barrier layer preferably used liquids containing plastics, preferably liquids with at least one poly acrylic, polymethacrylic acid ester, uncrosslinked or cross-linked polyurethane, vinyl chloride homo-, copolyme risat, graft polymer, preferably vinyl chloride copolymer with polyvinyl acetate or polyvinyl buty ral; Vinylidene halide homopolymer or copolymer preferably vinylidene chloride or polyvinylidene fluoride; Olefin copolymer, polyamide, rubber-like terpo polymer from ethylene, propylene and a diene (EPDM), rubber-like ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM), chlorinated polyethylene, polyacrylonitrile or made of a fluoropolymer, preferably polytetrafluor ethylene, at least one solution and / or diluent agents and / or emulsifier and / or wetting agents and / or plasticizers, and optionally additive and / or processing aids.

The barrier layer prevents, among other things, unfavorable changes interactions between the components of the foam or the back foam (e.g. polyurethane foam) and the plastic sheet occur.

The barrier layer is in a thickness of 1 micron to 400 µm, preferably 5 to 350 µm, applied. Doing so the barrier layer in the form of a diluent holding dispersion or solution applied before preferably organic chemical or plastic quenching solvents and / or plasticizers and / or contains water as a diluent or therefrom arises. According to a preferred embodiment  these liquids (adhesion promoters for Adhesive layer and / or for barrier layer) for cooling the ver. located in the negative deep-drawing mold molded plastic sheet used.

As an adhesion promoter, they are per se for each used plastics ver known adhesion promoter uses, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers sat, ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon monoxide terpolymer, Ethylene-acrylic acid ester copolymer, also in in these cases solutions, dispersions or similar Liquids to apply the adhesion promoter are set, the solution or diluent if necessary agents, plasticizers and other additives hold.

The liquid treatment agent is on the back the thermover located in the negative deep-drawing mold formed plastic sheets under spraying, flooding and / or syringes or similar application methods from Liquids applied. Not art Treatment agent absorbed web is opened catch and re-use, preferably in a cycle guided. As a result, the treatment agent succeeds without losses or without significant losses bring.

According to the invention, the plastic sheet is under Grain and / or surface decoration deformed. The plastic sheet is grained by a porous, air-permeable, preferably microporous, air-permeable mold surface and / or through a Negative microscopic structures thermoforming while the plastic sheet or  at least that facing the negative deep-drawing mold Surface layer of the plastic sheet at least in the thermoplastic temperature range or above (up to 260 ° C), with between the tool temperature and the plastic sheet a temperature lower differed from more than 30 ° C, preferably more than 80 ° C, is maintained, so that the negative deep-drawing mold is colder than the web to be deformed.

At the same time or subsequently, the Temperature of the plastic sheet cold or colder loading handling liquid on the back of the ne thermoformed art Fabric sheet applied, so that a noticeable cooling depending on the type, amount of treatment means, temperature level of the plastic sheet at Ver molding and the like to the demolding temperature or in the Close to the deformation temperature or so that additional cooling or cooling, e.g. With a cooling liquid of a cooling device and the like. no longer or only to a limited extent becomes such.

The temperature of the treatment liquid lies there between 5 and 120 ° C, preferably 15 to 75 ° C and there will be a temperature difference between the heat th plastic sheet and the treatment liquid from more than 30 ° C, preferably more than 60 ° C ten.

According to a preferred embodiment, art web at a temperature within the thermopla range or slightly above the temperature of the thermoplastic range (maximum up to 260 ° C)  heated or in this temperature range che plastic sheet used and in an otherwise for the deep-drawing mold used the "slush molding process" in the negative deep-drawing process in compliance with a Temperature difference between the tool and the Plastic sheet of more than 30 ° C, preferably more than 80 ° C, deep-drawn and with the treatment agent treated while the deformed object is still in the shape is.

According to a further preferred embodiment the plastic sheet in the negative deep drawing process Grain and / or surface decoration deformed. The grain and / or surface decoration of the Plastic sheet is made through a porous, air permeable, preferably microporous, air-permeable negative deep-drawing mold, which is a metal, metal alloy, micro metal part Ceramic, metal and / or ceramic microme containing iron fillers containing tall particles and / or very fine particles containing layer or surface with microscopic fine structure and with an average me tall layer thickness, filler particle thickness or metal particle thickness below 80 µm, preferably below 60 µm, having, between the tool temperature and the plastic film, plastic sheet or Plastic plate, a temperature difference of more than 30 ° C, preferably more than 80 ° C, maintained to be treated simultaneously or subsequently on the back of the thermoformed Plastic sheet is applied, which is preferred is still in the negative deep-drawing mold.  

As a plastic sheet are preferred according to leadership thin films with a thickness of 100 to 1400 µm, preferably 200 to 1000 µm, and / or foils with a Shore D hardness of 20 to 60, preferably 25 up to 40, with grain and / or decorations in the negative deep-drawing process deformed. The plastic films are preferably with a heat-stable foam, preferably Polyolefin (especially polypropylene foam) or egg with a polyurethane foam, with a foam layer thickness of 0.5 to 10 mm, preferably 1.5 to 5 mm, laminated or provided before being in the negative thermoformed three-dimensional and the foils grained and / or textured surface are, where appropriate with the foam layer a carrier or a carrier layer is deposited. The carrier is preferably in one embodiment preformed, precisely aligned and with the Foam and / or the deformed plastic film connected.

The plastic sheet is made according to the three-dimensional Deformation, grain and / or surface structuring either in the tool after or during cooling the one in the form itself or in a separate ar corridor and / or in another form with a soft to medium-hard foam, preferably poly foamed urethane after a treatment medium on the back of the plastic sheet has been brought. If necessary, with the rear view or a carrier or Carrier layer inserted. According to the invention The deformed plastic sheet is moved before the Back-foaming with a blocking, adhesive and / or adhesive ver layer or additional plastic layer see.  

In contrast to the positive deep-drawing process can the inventive method different patterns of Play original models, e.g. two or more types of scars, stitching, letters, designs, buttons and / or wood scars or other structures. The usable plastic tapes, foils or plates consist of known plastics, preferably wise from foamed synthetic leather, PVC foam or bottom lyolefin foam laminates or foamed synthetic leather or are not foamed foils, tapes or plat ten, which is generally briefly summarized art ge webs within the scope of the present application be called.

You will be directly or in a further work step deposited with a rigid support, creating products with a soft handle and accurate renditions of surfaces can be achieved.

With the help of the method according to the invention it succeeds deforming different colored materials, e.g. Plastic sheets with cloud printing design and the like.

The time required for the mold manufacturers is shorter compared to the "slush molding" process and is used in thermoforming in the work cycle by the inventor treatment agents used according to the invention still further abbreviated.

In the negative deep drawing process are preferred Plastic films, plastic sheets, plastic sheets or deformed plastic sheets that are made of art fabric, a plastic mixture or plastic alloy tion and based on 100 parts by weight of plastic, art  material mixture or plastic alloy 0.01 to 15 Parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 6 parts by weight, process processing aids, and if necessary additionally Fillers, color pigments, dyes or stabilizers agents, flame retardants, plasticizers or other Ren additives exist or contain them. Ins be special according to a preferred embodiment form in the negative deep drawing process low-emission art fabric sheets (plastic sheets, plastic sheets, art sheets or plastic sheets containing material) deformed, where the total content of the deformation temperature structure and deformation time of volatile components less than 3% by weight, preferably less than 2% by weight, is.

This embodiment ensures that the porous, preferably microporous negative deep drawing form also remains functional and not a ge largely avoided the desired clogging of the micropores that will.

The plastic, the plastic mixture or art Alloy of low-emission plastic sheets (Plastic films or plastic plates) consists of Vinyl chloride homo- or copolymer, preferably in Combination with a plasticizing and / or ela stomer modified thermoplastics; from an olefinho copolymer and / or copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, Ethylene propylene copolymer (EPM), ethylene propy len-diene polymer (EPDM), thermoplastic poly ester, thermoplastic polyurethane, rubbery Polyester urethane and / or polyvinylidene fluoride, or contains one of these plastics as an ingredient.  

The plastic, the plastic mixture or the art fabric alloy consists of vinyl chloride homo- or -co polymer and a plasticizing and / or ela stomer modified thermoplastics, ethylene vinyllace tat copolymer, preferably with an acetate content greater than 60% by weight, ethylene vinyl acetate carbon mo noxide terpolymer (Elvaloy), a thermoplastic rubber, preferably ethylene-propylene copoly merisat (EPM) and / or ethylene-propylene-diene terpoly merisat (EPDM), a rubber based on Sty roll polymer or styrene block polymer, chlo rated polyethylene, a thermoplastic polyure than, a thermoplastic polyester resin, Olefinela stomer, acrylate and / or methacrylate homoco- and graft polymers, nitrile rubber, methyl butadiene Styrene polymer (MBS) and possibly others Modifiers, preferably styrene-acrylic tril copolymers (SAN), acrylonitrile butadiene resin (NBA), acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (ABS), ASA, AEN, ABS and MABS (butadiene-styrene maleic acid poly merisat), mixtures with adipate carbon mixed esters and / or aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid esters, preferably trimilitic acid ester, adipate or contains one or more of these components.

According to a preferred embodiment, deep drawable, non-foamed mono or composite films with a thickness of 100 microns to 1400 microns, preferably 200 µm to 1000 µm. They consist of one or more plasticizer-free or low-plasticizer Layer or layers of a mixture or alloy tion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or vinyl chloride co polymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (ABS) and / or a plasticizer or modification  medium, preferably based on a plastic high polymers with polar groups that a Mo molecular weight greater than 10,000, preferably greater than 30,000, and with polyvinyl chloride forms a phase or is compatible with polyvinyl chloride Lich or mixtures or alloys of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) or vinyl chloride copolymer and Acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (ABS) with one PVC-ABS content of more than 40% by weight, preferably more than 50% by weight (based on 100 parts by weight of the Synthetic resin mixture) with another synthetic resin preferably an acrylonitrile copolymer or a Synthetic resin mixture based on acrylonitrile copoly merisat, and a plasticizer on the Basis of a plasticizing high polymer with pola ren groups that have a molecular weight greater than 10,000, preferably greater than 30,000, and forms a phase with polyvinyl chloride or with poly vinyl chloride is compatible.

According to one embodiment, the aforementioned film used as bottom film and additionally a softma Low-protection top film with a certain combination settlement. The top film has a preferred Embodiment a thickness of 100 to 500 microns before preferably 120 to 200 µm, and consists of polyvinyl chloride and a plasticizer on the Basis of a plasticizing high polymer with pola ren groups that have a molecular weight greater than 10,000, preferably greater than 30,000, and forms a phase with polyvinyl chloride or with poly vinyl chloride is compatible or from mixtures of Polyvinyl chloride or vinyl chloride copolymer with another synthetic resin, preferably an acrylic ni  tril copolymer or a synthetic resin mixture on the Basis of acrylonitrile copolymer and / or one Plasticizers or modifiers on the Basis of a plasticizing high polymer with pola ren groups that have a molecular weight greater than 10,000, preferably greater than 30,000, and forms a phase with polyvinyl chloride or with poly vinyl chloride is compatible. The top film can also can be used as bottom film or as mono film.

As polyvinyl chloride for the plastic sheet (Monofo lie, laminates or coextruded films from under and Top film) vinyl chloride homopolymers are inserted puts. However, vinyl chloride copolymers can also be used sate by polymerization with up to 45 wt .-%, preferably up to 10% by weight (based on 100% by weight Vinyl chloride copolymer) other olefinically un saturated monomers are produced, use fin the. Alloy or mixture with Polyvi Use nyl chloride or vinyl chloride graft polymers be det.

Suspen are preferred as vinyl chloride polymers sion and block polymers used. It can however, emulsion polymers are also used. Polyolefins for the film can be polyethylene, Polypropylene and copolymers of ethylene and propylene or alloys of one or more of these be components are used.

According to a preferred embodiment, there is Acrylonitrile copolymer for the plastic sheet is used, made of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) and / or acrylonitrile butadiene resin (NBR).  

The plasticizer for the plastic sheet or Plastic mixture for the plastic sheet consists of a plasticizing high polymer with polar Groups that with the polyvinyl chloride a glass point that forms between the glass point of the PVC and the Glass point of the plasticizer is.

In one embodiment, the acrylonitrile-Co polymer of the top film made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-Co polymer (ABS) and / or styrene-acrylonitrile copoly merisat (SAN) and / or acrylonitrile butadiene resin (NBR).

According to a preferred embodiment, the PVC content of the top film (based on the synthetic resin mix chemical or alloy, without fillers and processing processing aids) more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 60% by weight.

The content of the plastic group having polar groups decorative or plasticizer mixture in the Plastic sheet (top film and / or bottom film) 5-30 wt .-%, preferably 7-23 wt .-%, (based on the synthetic resin mixture of the plastic sheet or fo lies without processing aids, additive substances, fillers and the like.).

According to an expedient embodiment, there is Plasticizer made from an ethylene-vinyl acetate copo lymerisat (EVA) with polar groups and a vinyl acetate content of 60-80% by weight, preferably 65-70 % By weight.

According to another preferred embodiment the plasticizer from an olefinic terpoly  merisat (ethylene vinyl acetate carbon monoxide terpolyme risat) with statistically distributed acetate and coals monoxide groups. It has a larger molecular weight than 200,000 and a composition of 50-79 % By weight, preferably 57-72% by weight of ethylene, 35-15 % By weight, preferably 29-19% by weight of vinyl acetate and 15 -6% by weight, preferably 14-9% by weight, carbon monoxide on.

According to another expedient embodiment as a plasticizer with a polycaprolactone (PCL) polar groups used.

They are also preferred in the plastic mixture aliphatic and / or aromatic polycarboxylic acids used.

The plastic sheets (top and / or bottom film or Monofilm) contain cadmium-free stabilizers preferably tin stabilizers. The blends are preferably with the addition of stabilizers, antioxidants dation, processing aids, etc. manufactured.

According to a preferred embodiment, the bottom film or bottom films consist of 20-50 % By weight, preferably 25-37% by weight, of polyvinyl chloride and 60-20% by weight, preferably 37-25% by weight, Acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (ABS), (based on the synthetic resin mixture or alloy without processing processing aids and fillers) and residual material len from a plasticizer or plasticizer tel mixture and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) and / or acrylonitrile butadiene resin (NBA) and contain 100 additional parts by weight of the synthetic resin mixture  0.5-12 parts by weight, preferably 1-7 parts by weight, one or more processing aids and 0- 40 parts by weight, preferably 0.5-20 parts by weight, one Filler or filler mixture and / or one By means of flame retardancy. This recipe is also suitable for monofilms. The top foils ent preferably hold 10-35% by weight, preferably 18-30 % By weight of a plasticizer or plasticizer mixed agent or modifier (based on the synthetic resin mixture or alloy without processing processing aids and fillers), as well as 100 wt. Parts of the resin mixture 0.5-12 parts by weight, before preferably 1-7 parts by weight, one or more ver work tools. Possibly. can after an execution each 100 parts by weight of the plastic mixture 0- 40 parts by weight, preferably 0.5-20 parts by weight, one Filler or filler mixture and / or one Can be added to make it flame retardant. This mixture is also for plastic sheets or Mo. suitable for non-foils.

The plastic sheet or the one made of bottom film and top sheet existing plastic film is after an execution form with a layer of varnish or plastic coating layering, preferably based on Acrylathar zen, polyvinyl chloride-acrylate resins, polyurethane resins and / or epoxy resins coated.

According to the inventive method and the invented Device according to the invention are preferably molded articles or molded parts for motor vehicle interiors, Dashboards of motor vehicles as well as safe security covers, side panels, front and rear panels parts, control panels and side posts and their Si  security covers for motor vehicles and airplanes produced.

The foams known per se are used for foaming Ren plastics, e.g. B. polyurethane foam, polyolefin foam and the like. Depending on the type and type composition of plastics during manufacture Propellants, flame retardants, Auxiliaries and additives added before foaming will.

The thickness of the foam depends on the previous the intended use and the external shape of the molded part les.

According to a preferred embodiment, the Plastic web from an unwinder (as Plastic sheet) or is determined as a film sheet Dimensions or supplied in plate-like form, in at least one preheating and / or heating station preheated and / or to a temperature within the heated thermoplastic area, over a Tensioning or sealing frame of the negative deep-drawing mold excited, if necessary by pre-blowing, supporting air or supporting gas, followed by increasing the Blowing pressure and / or negative pressure to the negative thermoformed and arched by a stamp that preferably the shape or molded part areas of the Nega tiv deep drawing mold (in positive form), preformed. In the negative deep-drawing mold it is grained and / or surface decoration thermoformed and subsequently cooled into the negative deep-drawing mold preferably using a temperature difference of more than 50 ° C, preferably more than 100 ° C,  chilled or chilled.

Over the surface of the molded part Ge object or master model of the molded part to be produced or object or one evenly or approximately arranged evenly over its surface Layer or foil, becomes a form fill, layer or spout consisting of or containing one Plastic, preferably based on silicone po lymeren, silicone rubber or other plastic the medium-containing materials, applied after (positive) shape (matrix) created during curing is separated or pulled off and with a metal, metal alloy, micro metal alloy, micro metal particle-containing or metal-containing particles and / or finely divided filler containing layer or Surface with an average layer of metal thickness, metal particle thickness or particle size below 80 µm, preferably less than 60 µm, and a plastic, plastic-containing or binding agent containing and filler material with formation air-permeable structures or channels poured out, filled or sprayed, the surface of the Negative deep-drawing mold microporous, preferably micropo is red and breathable. The Nega so obtained Deep drawing mold is made with at least one device to create a vacuum or vacuum and ge optionally temperature control system, preferably cooling system or coolant line, and then the art fabric film, plastic sheet or plastic sheet deep-drawn in the negative deep-drawing mold, the Plastic film, plastic sheet or art fabric plate with the use of a stamp or a similar device is preformed beforehand.  

According to one embodiment, the stamp contains one Temperature control device, preferably cooling device, for temperature control or temperature control. To a preferred embodiment has the stamp wholly or partially side walls or side wall preparation surface of the molded part or object to be manufactured on and the film or plate is also in these Be range from supports these stamp parts or areas, ge wear and / or preformed.

According to one embodiment, within the process rens a plastic film laminate is used in which a layer with a blowing agent medium or blowing agent mixture is provided, which at the heating process, the forming process and / or Foaming process foams or be foamed starts, the foamed layer formed as De Cor- and / or grain layer or as a cushion layer on the back of the structured and / or grained film is used.

The invention also relates to a method of manufacture development of a device for deforming molded parts or objects made of plastic films or plastic plates according to the negative drawing process, with the Surface of the molded part or counter status or master model of the molded part to be manufactured or object or one evenly or approximately arranged evenly over its surface Layer or foil a form filling, layer or Spout consisting of or containing an art fabric, preferably based on silicone polymers silicone rubber or other plastic binders  containing or containing inorganic binders Materials applied, which ent after hardening standing (positive) form separated or subtracted is and with a plastic, plastic or binder-containing material, poured out, filled out or sprayed and with a metal, metal alloy rungs-, micrometal alloy, micrometallic particle neck term or metal-containing particles and / or very fine particles layer or surface containing fillers with an average metal layer thickness, Me tall particle thickness or particle size below 80 microns, before preferably less than 60 microns, provided the resultant Negative form with at least one device for the jig supply of a vacuum or negative pressure and with heating pre direction is provided, the device as Ge a tool or auxiliary tool has similar device.

The invention further relates to the use of thin films for the production of low-stress form share with accurate reproduction or reproduction of shape and temperature stable surface structuring of models through the thermoforming of these fo lien in porous negative deep drawing tools with a porous, preferably microporous mold surface or Mold surface layer.

With the help of the method according to the invention thermoformable plastic films, plastic sheets or plastic plates low-stress surface Chen structured objects are manufactured. It succeeds in improving the grip-friendliness of the To achieve surface. It continues to be an improvement the optical properties by printing on the  Surface materials achieved, the following inner half of the procedure with additional structuring can be provided.

The present invention also relates to a device tion for the production of molded parts or objects made of thermoformable plastic films, thermoformed removable plastic sheets or plastic sheets according to the negative deep drawing process, consisting of a Negative deep-drawing mold, preferably with an Tensioning or pre-tensioning device for the plastic foil, plastic sheet or plastic sheet is provided, the negative deep-drawing mold with min least one supply line and / or device for off Exercise a pressure difference, preferably vacuum and / or vacuum is equipped. The negative low The drawing form is a drip pan or container ter, as well as nozzles, syringes or spraying devices assigned whose opening and / or nozzle angle to the mold space intended to accommodate the plastic sheet the negative deep-drawing mold are directed.

The negative deep-drawing mold has a porous, air permeable, preferably microporous air permeable ge mold surface, which is a metal, metal Alloy, micrometallic particle-containing, ceramic me tall and / or ceramic micrometallic particle-containing and / or layer containing very finely divided fillers or Surface with an average layer of metal thickness, filler particle thickness or metal particle thickness less than 80 µm, preferably less than 60 µm. The Negative deep-drawing mold is combined with a Zu line device and / or extraction device for the Plastic film, sheet or plate or transport  direction for the manufactured molded part or the object.

The negative deep-drawing mold is a counter tool Assigned stamp or similar device and the stamp has the shape or molding areas of the Negative deep-drawing mold (in positive mold).

The negative deep-drawing mold contains at least one surface layer as the mold surface, which consists of a binder, a non-heat-conducting or poorly heat-conducting inorganic-chemical filler, preferably silicate powder, SiO ₂ powder or ceramic powder, with an average particle size of less than 80 μm, preferably less than 50 μm , as well as a finely divided metal, metal alloy, micrometall particle-containing, ceramic metal particle-containing, finely divided powder or powdery mixture with an average particle thickness of less than 80 µm, preferably less than 60 µm, or contains them.

The weight ratio of the non heat conductive or poorly heat-conducting inorganic-chemical filling fabric to the finest particulate metal powder, metal alloy powder, ceramic metal or micro metal particles containing powder is 12: 1 to 1:12, preferably two se 5: 1 to 1: 5.

According to one embodiment, the surface layers the negative deep-drawing mold with additional fibers inorganic chemical material, preferably glass fa ser, included.  

The average particle size of the inorganic-chemical finely divided filler to the finely divided metal powder is in a ratio of 3: 1 to 1:10 preferably 1: 1 to 1: 3.

The negative deep-drawing mold and the stamp are preferred example in one with negative pressure or with positive pressure openable mold chamber arranged.

According to a preferred embodiment, deep drawable, non-foamed mono or composite films with a thickness of 100 microns to 1400 microns, preferably 200 µm to 1000 µm. They consist of one or more plasticizer-free or low-plasticizer Layer or layers of a mixture or alloy tion of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or vinyl chloride co polymer, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (ABS) and / or a plasticizer or modification medium, preferably based on a plastic high polymers with polar groups that a Mo molecular weight greater than 10,000, preferably greater than 30,000, and with polyvinyl chloride forms a phase or is compatible with polyvinyl chloride Lich or mixtures or alloys of poly vinyl chloride (PVC) or vinyl chloride copolymer and Acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (ABS) with one PVC-ABS content of more than 40% by weight, preferably ice more than 50% by weight (based on 100 parts by weight of the Synthetic resin mixture) with another synthetic resin preferably an acrylonitrile copolymer or a Synthetic resin mixture based on acrylonitrile copoly merisat, and a plasticizer on the Basis of a plasticizing high polymer with pola ren groups that have a molecular weight greater than  10,000, preferably greater than 30,000, and forms a phase with polyvinyl chloride or with poly vinyl chloride is compatible.

According to one embodiment, the aforementioned film used as bottom film and additionally a softma Low-protection top film with a certain combination settlement. The top film has a preferred Embodiment a thickness of 100 to 500 microns before preferably 120 to 200 microns, and consists of polyvinyl chloride and a plasticizer on the Basis of a plasticizing high polymer with pola ren groups that have a molecular weight greater than 10,000, preferably greater than 30,000, and forms a phase with polyvinyl chloride or with poly vinyl chloride is compatible or from mixtures of Polyvinyl chloride or vinyl chloride copolymer with another synthetic resin, preferably an acrylic ni tril copolymer or a synthetic resin mixture on the Basis of acrylonitrile copolymer and / or one Plasticizers or modifiers on the base of a plasticizing high polymer with pola ren groups that have a molecular weight greater than 10,000, preferably greater than 30,000, and forms a phase with polyvinyl chloride or with poly vinyl chloride is compatible. The top film can also can be used as bottom film or as mono film. As polyvinyl chloride for the plastic sheet (Monofo lie, laminates or coextruded films from under and Top film) vinyl chloride homopolymers are inserted puts. However, vinyl chloride copolymers can also be used sate by polymerization with up to 20 wt .-%, preferably up to 10% by weight (based on 100% by weight  Vinyl chloride copolymer) other olefinically un saturated monomers are produced, use fin the.

Suspen are preferred as vinyl chloride polymers sion and block polymers used. It can however, emulsion polymers are also used. Polyolefins for the film can be polyethylene, Polypropylene and copolymers of ethylene and propylene or alloys of one or more of these be components are used.

According to a preferred embodiment, there is Acrylonitrile copolymer for the plastic sheet is used, made of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) and / or acrylonitrile butadiene resin (NBR).

The plasticizer for the plastic sheet or Plastic mixture for the plastic sheet consists of a plasticizing high polymer with polar Groups that with the polyvinyl chloride a glass point that forms between the glass point of the PVC and the Glass point of the plasticizer is.

In one embodiment, the acrylonitrile-Co polymer of the top film made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-Co polymer (ABS) and / or styrene-acrylonitrile copoly merisat (SAN) and / or acrylonitrile butadiene resin (NBR).

According to a preferred embodiment, the PVC content of the top film (based on the synthetic resin mix chemical or alloy, without fillers and processing processing aids) more than 50% by weight, preferably more than 60% by weight.  

The content of the plastic group having polar groups decorative or plasticizer mixture in the Plastic sheet (top film and / or bottom film) 5-30 wt .-%, preferably 7-23 wt .-%, (based on the synthetic resin mixture of the plastic sheet or fo lies without processing aids, additive substances, fillers and the like.).

According to an expedient embodiment, there is Plasticizer made from an ethylene-vinyl acetate copo lymerisat (EVA) with polar groups and a vinyl acetate content of 60-80% by weight, preferably 65-70 % By weight.

According to another preferred embodiment the plasticizer from an olefinic terpoly merisat with statistically distributed acetate and carbon monoxide groups. It has a larger molecular weight than 200,000 and a composition of 50-79 % By weight, preferably 57-72% by weight of ethylene, 35-15 % By weight, preferably 29-19% by weight of vinyl acetate and 15 -6% by weight, preferably 14-9% by weight, carbon monoxide on.

According to another expedient embodiment as a plasticizer with a polycaprolactone (PCL) polar groups used.

They are also preferred in the plastic mixture aliphatic and / or aromatic polycarboxylic acids used.

The plastic sheets (top and / or bottom film or Monofilm) contain cadmium-free stabilizers  preferably tin stabilizers. The blends are preferably with the addition of stabilizers, antioxidants dation, processing aids, etc. manufactured.

According to a preferred embodiment, the bottom film or bottom films consist of 20-50 % By weight, preferably 25-37% by weight, of polyvinyl chloride and 60-20% by weight, preferably 37-25% by weight, Acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (ABS), (based on the synthetic resin mixture or alloy without processing processing aids and fillers) and residual material len from a plasticizer or plasticizer tel mixture and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN) and / or acrylonitrile butadiene resin (NBA) and contain 100 additional parts by weight of the synthetic resin mixture 0.5-12 parts by weight, preferably 1-7 parts by weight, one or more processing aids and 0- 40 parts by weight, preferably 0.5-20 parts by weight, one Filler or filler mixture and / or one By means of flame retardancy. This recipe is also suitable for monofilms. The top foils ent preferably hold 10-35% by weight, preferably 18-30 % By weight of a plasticizer or plasticizer mixed agent or modifier (based on the synthetic resin mixture or alloy without processing processing aids and fillers), as well as 100 wt. Parts of the resin mixture 0.5-12 parts by weight, before preferably 1-7 parts by weight, one or more processing processing aids. Possibly. can after an execution each 100 parts by weight of the plastic mixture 0- 40 parts by weight, preferably 0.5-20 parts by weight, one Filler or filler mixture and / or one Can be added to make it flame retardant. This mixture is also for plastic sheets or Mo. suitable for non-foils.  

The plastic sheet or the one made of bottom film and top sheet existing plastic film is after an execution form with a layer of varnish or plastic coating layering, preferably based on Acrylathar zen, polyvinyl chloride-acrylate resins, polyurethane resins and / or epoxy resins coated.

According to the inventive method and the invented Device according to the invention are preferably molded articles or molded parts for motor vehicle interiors, Dashboards of motor vehicles as well as safe security covers, side panels, front and rear panels parts, control panels and side posts and their Si security covers for motor vehicles and airplanes produced.

The foams known per se are used for foaming Ren plastics, e.g. B. polyurethane foam, polyolefin foam and the like. Depending on the type and type composition of plastics during manufacture Propellants, flame retardants, Auxiliaries and additives added before foaming will.

The thickness of the foam depends on the previous the intended use and the external shape of the molded part les.

In a preferred embodiment, a Art (consisting of one or more layers) web or plastic film, especially flexible thermoformable plastic sheet or flexible deep drawing film, consisting of 90-25 wt .-%, preferably 85-28% by weight of a vinyl chloride homo-, -co-,  graft polymer and / or an alloy or Mixture based on polyvinyl chloride and 10- 75% by weight, preferably 15-72% by weight (based on 100% by weight of the plastic mixture or alloy without Additives, fillers, stabilizers, processing aids), at least one modification agent means with a glass transition temperature of greater than 70 ° C, preferably greater than 80 ° C, and / or at least one modifier and one glass transformation temperature of less than 60 ° C, preferred as less than 50 ° C, and at least additionally a stabilizing agent or stabilizing agent tel mixture and optionally fillers, antioxidant tien, plasticizers, lubricants, processing aids tel, dyes or color pigments, flame retardants or other additives or mixtures of one or several of these substances, for thermoforming according to the Invention used in the negative deep drawing process.

The weight ratio of the modifier or Modifier mixture with a glass wall lung temperature of greater than 70 ° C, preferably greater than 80 ° C, to the further modifier or modifier mixture with a glass wall lung temperature of less than 60 ° C, preferably less than 50 ° C, is 4: 1 to 1: 4, preferably wise 3: 1 to 1: 3.

The polymer or the polymer mixture (modification medium), which has a glass transition temperature of greater than 70 ° C, preferably greater than 80 ° C preferably a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), a methylstyrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, a sty Rol-maleic anhydride copolymer, a polymethyl  methacrylate (PMMA) and / or a copolymer of egg nem or more acrylic esters with acrylonitrile or a mixture of two or more of these polymers sate or copolymers, while the other polymers or polymer mixture (modifier) a homo-, Graft, copolymer or a plastic alloy or mixture with polar groups with a glass conversion temperature of less than 60 ° C, preferably two se less than 50 ° C, preferably ethylene vinyllace tat copolymer and / or ethylene-vinyl acetate coals monoxide terpolymer.  

Examples example 1

A plastic film with a thickness of 500 microns was brought into the negative deep drawing mold. The composition the plastic film:

70 parts by weight of chlorinated polyethylene 30 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride with a
K value of 70 20 parts by weight of a mixture of stabilizers, processing aids, lubricants and flame retardants and pigments

The hardness was 76 according to Shore-A.

Before insertion into the negative deep-drawing mold, the Plastic film raised to a temperature of 170 ° C heats. The temperature of the negative deep-drawing mold was 64 ° C.

After shaping using a stamp the molded parts of the negative deep-drawing mold in positive form had, cooling was carried out using water as Treatment agent on the back of art web while this is in the negative deep drawing mold was applied until the demolding temperature of 35 ° C was reached.  

Example 2

A plastic film with a thickness of 500 microns was brought into the negative deep drawing mold. The plastic foil had the following composition:

Suspension polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) K value 70 25 parts by weight of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Copolymer (ABS) 25.25 parts by weight of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
(SAN) 12.75 parts by weight of acrylonitrile-acrylate resin (NAR) 5.00 parts by weight of olefinic terpolymer with
statistically distributed acetate
and carbon monoxide group 24.00 parts by weight of aromatic polycarboxylic acid
ester 8.00 parts by weight 100 parts by weight

Stabilizers 2.2 parts by weight of lubricant and / or
Antioxidants 2.5 parts by weight

The hardness was measured according to Shore-D-36.  

Before insertion into the negative deep-drawing mold, the Plastic film raised to a temperature of 156 ° C heats. The temperature of the negative deep-drawing mold was 52 ° C.

After shaping using a stamp the molded parts of the negative deep-drawing mold in positive form had, cooling was carried out using water as Treatment agent up to the demolding temperature of 32 ° C.

Example 3

A plastic film with a thickness of 700 microns was brought into the negative deep drawing mold. The composition the plastic film:

Suspension polyvinyl chloride
(PVC) K value 70 28 parts by weight of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
Copolymer (ABS) 32 parts by weight of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer
(SAN) 12.75 parts by weight of acrylonitrile-acrylate resin (NAR) 15 parts by weight of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolyme
risat with polar groups (EVA) 11 parts by weight of aromatic polycarboxylic acid
ester 14 parts by weight 100 parts by weight

Stabilizers 2 parts by weight of lubricant and / or
Antioxidants 2.6 parts by weight

The hardness was 37 according to Shore-D.

Before insertion into the negative deep-drawing mold, the Plastic film raised to a temperature of 160 ° C heats. The temperature of the negative deep-drawing mold was 56 ° C.

After shaping using a stamp the molded parts of the negative deep-drawing mold in positive form had a cooling by means of a treatment liquid up to a temperature of 45 ° C. As Treatment agent served as a barrier agent in liquid form. This was followed by further cooling until for demolding. After removal from the mold, the molded part back foamed. The barrier layer was based on Methyl methacrylate.

Example 4

A plastic film with a thickness of 650 microns was brought into the negative deep drawing mold. The plastic film had the following composition:

50 parts by weight of ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon
monoxide terpolymer 50 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride (E-PVC) 5.5 parts by weight of a stabilizer mixture

The hardness was 38 according to Shore-D.

Before insertion into the negative deep-drawing mold, the Plastic film raised to a temperature of 168 ° C heats. The temperature of the negative deep-drawing mold was 62 ° C.

After shaping using a stamp the molded parts of the negative deep-drawing mold in positive form had, cooling was carried out using water as Treatment agent up to the demolding temperature of 37 oC.

Example 5

A plastic film with a thickness of 600 microns was brought into the negative deep drawing mold. The plastic film had the following composition:

50 parts by weight of ethylene-vinyl acetate-carbon
monoxide terpolymer 50 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride (E-PVC) 5.5 parts by weight of a stabilizer mixture 3.8 parts by weight of blowing agent mixture with
different decomposition points

Before insertion into the negative deep-drawing mold, the Plastic film heated to a temperature of 170. The temperature of the negative deep-drawing mold was 62 ° C. The blowing agent mixture foamed.  

After shaping using a stamp the molded parts of the negative deep-drawing mold in positive form was followed by cooling with water, after followed by means of an adhesion promoter liquid to to the demolding temperature of 37 ° C. The adhesive agent It was based on ethylene vinyl acetate copoly merisat.  

Drawing description

In Fig. 1 an embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown schematically.

The microporous structures and microporous and microparticle-containing negative deep-drawing mold ( 1 ) contains a device or feed line for applying a negative pressure (or when a blowing pressure is removed from the mold), the feed line or discharge line being attached to the negative deep-drawing mold in such a way that it is as uniform as possible Pressure or vacuum or at certain points a slightly increased vacuum or pressure can be applied.

The stamp ( 6 ) and the collecting trough ( 4 ) with nozzles ( 5 ) are assigned to the negative deep-drawing mold.

Claims (27)

1. A process for the production of molded parts or Ge objects from thermoformable plastic sheets according to the negative thermoforming process, the possibly clamped or pre-stressed plastic web is introduced with the use of a pressure difference and with heating in the negative deep drawing mold and deformed in the negative deep drawing mold, characterized in that the plastic sheet introduced into the negative deep-drawing mold is structured and / or grained by the structured, porous and air-permeable surface of the negative deep-drawing tool in the surface or on the surface layer during thermoforming and subsequently or simultaneously by (not in contact or connection with the negative deep-drawing mold) ) Back of the plastic sheet forth a treatment agent is brought up on the plastic sheet. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the treatment agent is a coolant or cold gas is that in the negative thermoforming mold located plastic sheet on the demolding temperature or close to the demolding temperature cools down or blast chills. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment agent is an adhesion promoter, before preferably an adhesion promoter liquid or a a liquid containing an adhesion promoter Adhesive, a spray applied Plastic layer and / or a barrier layer.   4. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the liquid Treatment agent on the back of the ne thermoformed mold Plastic sheet under spraying, flooding and / or Syringes applied and not by art Treatment agent absorbed in the web of material gene and reused, preferably in a cycle to be led. 5. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the plastic web is deformed with grain and / or surface decoration and the grain of the plastic web by a porous, air-permeable, preferably microporous air-permeable mold surface and / or by microscopic structures on pointing negative deep-drawing mold takes place, while the plastic sheet or at least the surface layer facing the negative deep-drawing mold is at least in the thermoplastic temperature range or above, with a temperature difference of between the tool temperature and the plastic sheet
more than 30 ° C, preferably
more than 80 ° C,
is maintained and at the same time or subsequently the cold or colder treatment liquid compared to the temperature of the plastic sheet is applied to the back of the thermoformed plastic sheet located in the negative deep-drawing mold. 6. The method according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the temperature of the treatment liquid between
5 and 120 ° C, preferably
15 to 75 ° C,
lies and a temperature difference between the heated plastic sheet and the treatment liquid
more than 30 ° C, preferably
more than 60 ° C,
is observed. 7. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the heated to a temperature within the thermoplastic range or slightly above the temperature of the thermoplastic range (maximum up to 260 ° C) or located in this temperature range plastic sheet in one for the deep-drawing mold used for the slush molding process in the negative deep-drawing process while maintaining a temperature difference between the tool and the plastic sheet of
more than 30 ° C, preferably more than 80 ° C,
is deep drawn. 8. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the plastic web is deformed in the negative deep-drawing process with grain and / or surface decoration and the grain and / or surface decoration of the plastic web by a porous, air-permeable, preferably microporous air-permeable mold surface having negative deep drawing mold, which contains a metal-, metal alloy-, micrometallparticle, ceramic-metal- and / or ceramic-micro-containing layer and / or very finely divided fillers containing layer or surface with microscopic fine structure and with an average metal layer thickness or metal particle thickness
less than 80 µm, preferably
less than 60 µm,
has, wherein between the tool temperature and the plastic film, plastic-containing sheet or plastic plate, a temperature difference of
more than 30 ° C, preferably
more than 80 ° C,
is observed and at the same time or subsequently a treatment agent is applied to the back of the thermoformed plastic sheet, which is preferably still in the negative deep-drawing mold. 9. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that as a plastic web thin films with a thickness of
100 to 1400 µm, preferably
200 to 1000 µm,
and / or films with a Shore D hardness of
20 to 60, preferably
25 to 40,
are deformed under grain and / or decorations in the negative deep drawing process. 10. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the plastic films with a heat-stable polyolefin, preferably before polypropylene foam, with a foam layer thickness of
0.5 to 10 mm, preferably
1.5 to 5 mm,
are laminated or provided before they are three-dimensionally deformed in the negative deep drawing mold and the film surface is grained and / or surface-structured, where appropriate the foam layer is deposited with a carrier or a carrier layer, that the carrier is preferably preformed, precisely aligned and aligned with the foam and / or the deformed plastic film web is connected to the. 11. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the plastic film after the three-dimensional deformation, Nar Exercise and / or surface structuring in the Tool after or during cooling either in the form itself or in a separate ar corridor and / or in another form with a  soft to medium-hard foam, preferably poly urethane foam is back-foamed, being given if an additional carrier is used for back-foaming or a carrier layer is inserted. 12. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that plastic films, plastic-containing sheets or plastic plates are deformed in the negative deep drawing process, which are made of plastic, a plastic mixture or plastic alloy and based on 100 parts by weight of plastic, plastic mixture or plastic yaw
0.01 to 15 parts by weight, preferably
0.1 to 6 parts by weight,
Processing aids, as well as, if necessary, additional fillers, color pigments, dyes or other additives or contain them and / or plastic films, plastic-containing sheets or plastic plates are molded in the negative deep-drawing process, the total content of the volatile components at the molding temperature and molding time
less than 3% by weight, preferably
less than 2% by weight,
is. 13. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the plastic, the plastic mixture or plastic alloy low-emission plastic sheets (plastic films or plastic sheets) made of vinyl chloride homo- or copolymer, preferably in combination with a plasticizing and / or elastomer modifi graced thermoplastics; from an olefin homo- and / or copolymer, chlorinated polyethylene, ethyl len-propylene copolymer (EPM), ethylene propy len-diene polymer (EPDM), thermoplastic Po polyester, thermoplastic polyurethane, rubber like polyester urethane and / or polyvinylidene fluo rid, exists or one of these plastics as Be contains part. 14. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the plastic, the plastic mixture or the plastic alloy from vinyl chloride homo- or copolymer and one modify plasticizing and / or elastomer the thermoplastic or polymeric modification with tel, preferably ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers sat, preferably with an acetate content of greater than 60% by weight, ethylene vinyl acetate carbon monoxide Terpolymer (Elvaloy), thermoplastic chewing schuk, preferably ethylene-propylene copolymer (EPM) and / or ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), rubber based on styrene polymers sat or styrene block polymers, chlorinated Po polyethylene, thermoplastic polyurethane, thermopo elastic polyester resin, olefin elastomer, acrylate and / or methacrylate homoco- and graft polymers te, nitrile rubber, methylbutadiene styrene polymer  sat- (MBS) and possibly other modifications agents, preferably styrene-acrylonitrile copo lymerisate (SAN), acrylonitrile butadiene resin (NBA), Acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer (ABS), ASA, AEN, ABS and MABS (butadiene-styrene maleic acid polymers risat), mixtures with adipate carbon mixed esters and / or aliphatic or aromatic carboxylic acid reester, preferably trimilitic acid ester, adipates. 15. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the plastic web, which comes from a processing device as a plastic web or as a film web certain dimensions or in plate-like form is supplied in at least one preheating and / or heating station preheated and / or heated to a temperature within the thermoplastic range, stretched over a tensioning or sealing frame of the negative deep-drawing mold, optionally held by pre-blowing, supporting air or supporting gas, then arched by increasing the blowing pressure to the negative deep-drawing mold and by a stamp , which preferably has the shape or molded part area of the negative deep-drawing mold (in positive form), is preformed, thermoformed in the negative deep-drawing mold with graining and / or surface decoration and subsequently cooled into the negative deep-drawing mold, preferably using a temperature difference of
more than 50 °, preferably
more than 100 ° C,
cooled or chilled. 16. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that on the upper surface of the molded article to be manufactured object or master model of the molded article or article to be produced or a layer or film, a mold filling, layer, arranged uniformly or approximately uniformly over its surface or spout, consisting of or containing a plastic, preferably based on silicone polymers, silicone rubber or other plastic binder-containing materials, applied, the (positive) shape (die) formed after curing is separated or stripped and with a metal, metal alloy -, micrometal alloys, micrometallic particles or metal-containing particles and / or finely divided fillers containing layer or surface with an average metal layer thickness, metal particle thickness or particle size
less than 80 µm, preferably
less than 60 µm,
is provided, and poured, filled or sprayed out with a plastic, plastic-containing or binder-containing material to form air-permeable structures or channels, the surface of the negative deep-drawing mold being micro-porous, preferably micro-porous and air-permeable, such that the negative deep-drawing mold thus obtained is provided with at least one device for application a vacuum or negative pressure and, if appropriate, temperature system, preferably cooling system or coolant line, and then the plastic film, plastic-containing sheet or plastic plate is deep-drawn in the negative deep-drawing mold, the plastic film, plastic-containing sheet or plastic plate being preformed with the use of a stamp or similar device . 17. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the stamp a temperature control device, preferably cooling direction, for temperature control or temperature control contains and / or the stamp entirely or partial side walls or side wall areas of the to produce molded part or object points and the film or plate also in these Be are sufficient before insertion into the negative deep-drawing mold supports, preforms and supports. 18. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that as a plastic a plastic film laminate is used, in which a layer with a blowing agent or Blowing agent mixture is provided, which in the on heating process, during the forming process and / or foaming or foaming men begins, with the foamed layer formed as a decorative and / or grain layer or as Upholstery layer on the back of the structured and / or grained film is used. 19. A method for producing a device for deforming molded parts or objects made of plastic films or plastic plates according to the negative drawing method, whereby over the surface of the molded part or object to be produced or master model of the molded part or object to be produced or a layer which is arranged uniformly or approximately uniformly over its surface or Foil a mold filling, layer or spout, consisting of or containing a plastic, preferably based on silicone polymers, silicone rubber or other plastic binder-containing materials, applied, the (positive) shape formed after curing is separated or peeled off and with a plastic , plastic-containing or binder-containing material, poured out, filled or sprayed out and with a metal, metal alloy, microme talalloy, micrometallic particle or metal-containing particles and / or very finely divided fillers containing layer or surface with an average metal layer thickness, metal particle thickness or particle size
less than 80 µm, preferably
less than 60 µm,
is provided, the negative deep-drawing mold thus obtained is provided with at least one device for applying a vacuum or negative pressure and with a heating device, the device as a counter-tool or auxiliary tool having a stamp or a similar device. 20. Device for the production of molded parts or Objects made of thermoformable plastic foils, thermoformable plastic-containing Bah NEN or plastic plates after the negative depth drawing process, consisting of a negative deep drawing  shape, preferably with a clamping or Preloading device for the plastic film, art Provide fabric-containing web or plastic plate is, the negative deep-drawing mold with at least a supply line and / or device for exercising a pressure difference, preferably vacuum and / or negative pressure, is characterized records that the negative deep-drawing form a catchment tub or a collecting container, as well as nozzles, fuel zen or spraying devices are assigned, the Openings and / or nozzle angles on the for receiving the plastic web determines the mold space of the negative are deep-drawn. 21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized net that the negative deep-drawing form a porous, air permeable, preferably microporous air permeable has a casual surface that has a metal, metal alloy, micro metal particle containing, kera micro-metal and / or ceramic micro-metal particle neck containing and / or very finely divided fillers Layer or surface with an average Chen metal layer thickness, filler particle thickness or metal particle thickness below 80 microns, preferably less than 60 µm, and the negative deep-drawing mold in combination with a feed device and / or take-off device for the plastic film, -lane or plate or transport device for that manufactured molded part or the object stands. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in net that the negative deep drawing mold as a counter tool assigned a stamp or similar device is net and the stamp is in the form or  Molding areas of the negative deep-drawing mold (in Posi tivform). 23. The device according to one or more of claims 21 and 22, characterized in that the negative thermoformed at least one surface layer as Contains mold surface, which consists of a binder, a non-heat conductive or poor heat tendency inorganic-chemical fine-particle filling fabric, preferably ceramic powder, with a mitt leren particle size below 80 microns, preferably below 50 µm, as well as a finely divided metal, metal Alloy, micro-metallic particle-containing, ceramic metal particle-containing, finely divided powder or powdery mixture with an average Particle thickness below 80 µm, preferably below 60 µm, exists or contains them. 24. The device according to one or more of the claims 21 to 23, characterized in that the Ge weight ratio of the non heat conductive or poorly heat-conducting inorganic-chemical Filler to the finely divided metal powder, Me Valley alloy powder, ceramic metal or micrometre powder containing tall particles 12: 1 to 1:12 is preferably 5: 1 to 1: 5. 25. The device according to one or more of the claims 21 to 24, characterized in that in the upper surface layer additionally fibers made of inorganic chemical material, preferably glass fibers, ent are holding.   26. The device according to one or more of the claims 21 to 25, characterized in that the middle Particle size of the inorganic-chemical fine particle Filler to the finely divided metal powder in the Ratio of 3: 1 to 1:10, preferably 1: 1 up to 1: 3. 27. The device according to one or more of the claims 21 to 26, characterized in that the negative thermoforming mold and the stamp in one with sub pressure or pressurizable mold are arranged.