DE3310595A1 - Arrangement for keeping livestock, such as pigs, cows, poultry, rabbits, and livestock-receiving container for use in this arrangement - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an arrangement for keeping livestock, such as pigs, cows, poultry, rabbits, in which the animals are kept individually or in a number together in stackable containers (boxes 2), these boxes (2) being arranged next to and above one another. The animals do not leave the boxes (2) during their entire rearing and during transport. During rearing, the boxes (2) are arranged offset in a step-shape in such a manner that the dung area (3) which has gaps is situated at the rear lower end of the box (2) freely above a manure pit (4). During transport, the boxes (2) can be both laterally offset and stacked above one another in the same direction. In the boxes (2), the air for inhalation is separated from the remaining stall air. This takes place via fresh-air supply nozzles (8) in the breathing region of the animals and can be increased additionally by a transverse diaphragm (flap 29) which surrounds the neck of the animal. It is particularly advantageous if each fresh-air supply nozzle (8) is assigned a draw-off pipe for the purpose of removing the exhaled air. Moreover, there can be provided in the body air part (14) of a box a warm-air nozzle which contributes to accumulating the body air and to raising the body air temperature (bed system). <IMAGE>

Description

Arrangement for keeping cattle, such as pigs,

Cattle, poultry, rabbits and cattle receptacles for use in this arrangement The invention relates to an arrangement for keeping Livestock, such as pigs, cattle, poultry, rabbits, in which the animals are singly or can be kept in multiple, rectangular, stackable livestock containers, as well as a livestock receptacle for use in this arrangement.

When it comes to keeping animals, especially pigs, up to now, in an effort to provide a stable system that is as economical as possible, above all reducing the workload has been seen as the ultimate goal.

The stable climate was so worsened that weight increased of the animals have remained the same for about 15 years and the feed conversion has only improved slightly. This, although in the meantime new breeds of pigs have been bred.

The optimal air temperature is generally considered in stables with Fully slatted floors approx. 20 "C, in stalls with partially slatted floors approx. 180C and in deep-free stalls with straw litter 15 to 16 "C. In the modern stables is due to the lack of straw the temperature is the same everywhere.

In the traditional stables the temperature was in the straw area - i.e. in the body area - warmer and cooler in the inhalation area. That attitude was more natural, which makes the gains relatively good, the aggressiveness, the injuries and the losses were small. Üch has the thicker layer of fat of the previously bred pig breeds for higher body temperature and for wnl-being of animals contributed. Likewise, the loss of transport in iran was kept within limits, so that the pigs are healthy and resilient in a relatively cold and fresh smell was. In addition, the individual mast groups were usually loaded separately onto trucks, because they mostly belonged to different farmers.

As the stock sizes increase, entire trucks often become without separation loaded by pigs not fattened together. Since the pigs by anyway The poor stable air are susceptible and aggressive, the start in different Caught fattened pigs to bite each other, which in part led to hysteria leads. The consequence of this is that losses increase rapidly. Besides, this is Loading of highly sensitive pigs is an extremely unpleasant one and of the people involved in it do not enjoy doing the work.

Slatted floors are predominantly used in the newer stable systems, in which the excrement of the animals through the crevices into corresponding ones below general or individual collection containers. The animals are therefore all the time about their excrement, the smells of which rise accordingly high, so that animals with particularly well-developed olfactory organs, such as this for example the pigs are, in such a milieu, not - »Ddl can feel. It's proven been, 'that the well-being and thus the weight gain of the animals significantly improved when the stable climate (e.g. through underfloor heating and stronger ventilation) is optimal was designed (see article by Kalich J. and Schuh W. "Influence of harmful gases% rroniak (NH3) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the Barn air and the fattening performance of pigs ", in" Tier ärztliche Umschau ", special print no. 1 from 1.1.1979, 34.

Year, pages 36 to 45). In addition, in the previous stables the temperature during the whole day, even during the whole fattening period, day and night is constant. However, this temperature does not correspond to the normal temperature profile for living beings. It is common knowledge that body temperature is lowest in the morning and increases towards evening. The inhaled air, in turn, is during sleep significantly lower than body temperature (see bed system in humans, bristles in the wild boar). The optimal inhalation air temperature is during rest and sleep 14 to 160C, while the body temperature is around 200C and far above at optimal Humidity should be. It can be seen from this that the keeping of animals is in stable systems newer kind with the same inhalation and body air temperature for health as well as the other well-being of the animals is not beneficial. Because that's right the inhalation air temperature, then the body air temperature is too low, and the Energy expenditure in the body leads to weight loss.

At a higher temperature, especially the inhaled air, the circulation However, the animals are very stressed, which often leads to fatal circulatory disorders.

Another problem with keeping livestock, especially pigs, is the transport of animals from the stables to the slaughterhouses. Always is transferring or drifting from bay to bay or from bay to truck and from the truck back to the slaughterhouse.

Aside from the troubles of the people involved, so are those Animals by moving pens and bringing them together with pigs from other pens or stables very stressed, which not only leads to meat deterioration, but can also lead to considerable total losses. To this after- part To avoid, in many slaughterhouses the pigs are already 1 to 3 days beforehand or the animals are given a sedative shortly before they are transported.

In most of the arrangements known to date, a relatively large number of pigs are fattened (usually 10 to 15) kept in a pen, so that only a small space per pig is available. This small space provided for economic reasons also has a negative effect on the keeping of pigs.

There are stable systems known in which an attempt is made to supply fresh air and to improve the climate in the stable through heating. This increases the costs the animal husbandry, however, very much, so that the profitability decreases accordingly.

DE-OS 28 23 702 discloses a system for transporting livestock, in particular of piglets and pigs, as well as a stackable container to carry this out System known. The known system consists essentially of a vehicle body, which consists of a plurality of cattle receptacles releasably locked to the vehicle consists. If cattle are to be transported from the breeder to the slaughterhouse, the Container unloaded at the breeder, who drives the animals into the container.

Then the containers are lifted onto the vehicle loaded and then locked side by side. In the slaughterhouse are the side walls the container is shifted and the animals are expelled. The stackable containers have a consistently perforated sheet metal floor under which a collecting tray for excrement is provided. As a ventilation device are at least Ventilation flaps adjustable on one of the transverse walls, through which the outside air can penetrate, provided. These well-known bays are of all their construction only suitable for transporting animals.

For long-term stable keeping, i.e. as a stall, in which for example a pig from its existence as a weaned pig to its slaughter is held, these well-known bays are not suitable. They also own too large collection tubs for excrement, which in turn help reduce the amount of the pig available space, or there can be fewer fattening pigs per truck Loading.

DE-OS 20 33 928 describes a method and an apparatus for breeding and fattening animals, in which the animals can be stacked one on top of the other Boxes with heated fully slatted floors are kept. Besides that this known boxes can only be used for fattening the animals, but not also for their transport are, they also have the disadvantage that they have a fully slatted floor.

DE-OS 28 12 229 shows a pigsty with a fully slatted floor, in which individual pens for 10 to 12 animals are divided in such a way that between two rows of nested bays a central feeding system and a overlying aisle are provided. Fresh air is supplied vertically via the Ganq The feeding troughs were brought into the bays to sweep over them, creating a good ventilation takes place. Since all of the fresh air is exchanged, it must either be heated, or the air temperature in the animals' bodies is too cold, resp.

the air speed increases too much or all of the air increases remains too stinky. The animals must too for transport manually taken from these stables.

From DE-OS 22 06 421, in turn, is a method and an arrangement for keeping pigs in battery cages for reproduction and fattening after industrial Requirements known. The animal husbandry takes place in level, evenly aligned Passage stables instead, which by longitudinally displaceable transverse walls are divided into pens, with the animals in the passage from station to station be postponed depending on age. The cage batteries are single or multi-tiered executed and have fully slatted floors. However, clearing up takes a lot Technology and is therefore very expensive. The animals also have to be reloaded for transport will.

DE-OS 23 19 084 also shows one that is closed to its environment Animal container with a partially slatted floor and a manure collecting tray under this. These containers can be stacked exactly on top of each other and are arranged in two rows next to each other stacked upright, so that either the back or the front sides each other facing, whereby an exhaust or supply air duct is formed. The Animal container at least one air inlet opening for breathing air in the breathing area of the animals, at least one supply air opening for scavenging air above the carcass and at least an exhaust vent near the manure collection tray. The air intake openings are here with an overpressure area in connection, while the exhaust air openings with a Vacuum area are connected. In these known containers, however, the entire barn air, i.e. a lot of air used, and the processing of the entire Stable air as inhalation air in the corridor requires a lot of effort.

On the other hand, there is a relatively strong turbulence within the container instead of the air, which causes too much circulation or draft. : This will find a The entire air is cooled down inside the container, so that no temperature differences occur between inhalation and body air temperature is possible. In addition, this system is only for fattening pigs, but not for all other animals such as cows, fattening bulls, Fattening calves, rabbits, poultry, are suitable.

Finally, DE-AS 21 57 656 shows a method and a device for ventilation of a stable, in which the inhaled air is close to the animal's noses is blown in pulsating at a speed of at least 2 m / s. Though this known method provides a sufficient supply of fresh air. Due to the relatively high air speed and the possible arrangement of additional Fresh air nozzles on the ceiling of the pen in the body area is, however, on at the same time undesirably high drafts present, which also affect the body area on undesirable Way with cools.

The object of the invention is to provide an arrangement for keeping cattle, such as pigs, cattle, poultry, rabbits, as well as a bay to use these To create an arrangement by means of which it is possible to see the animals in essentially constant optimal conditions both during rearing and during transport to hold without having to take special precautions. The Inhalation and body air temperatures have the optimal values at maximum Energy saving.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by an arrangement for keeping of cattle, such as pigs, rounders, poultry, rabbits, in which the animals are singly or several in rectangular, stackable livestock containers (bays), their Floors are partially slatted floors and one Supply air and an exhaust air device have, wherein the bays are arranged next to and one above the other, such that two bays face each other with the front or rear walls so that at least one general supply air and one exhaust air side is formed in the stable, as a result solved that the bays of the animals during rearing and transport to the slaughterhouse preferably not to be left, with the inhaled air of the in the bays remaining stable air is separated, so that separate temperature conditions in the same Bay are available.

The pens for rearing in the barn are shifted in steps stacked on top of each other while they are being transported for example on the zastauto laterally offset (around 1800) are stacked.

The inventive arrangement makes it possible that a for the well-being of the animals has a very negative effect on transferring and throwing things together be avoided by pigs of different rearing conditions. It finds an animal welfare-friendly Transport instead of without losses, while maintaining the meat quality and ozone sedatives. The pens are stacked so that they are staggered so that in each case that part of the bottom of the bays which has the crevices is free, so that the animal excrement falling through the crevices directly into an essentially central manure pit can fall. It is advantageous if in a known manner on the side of the slurry pit Unterdrack prevails, so that excessively unpleasant odors cannot get into the bays from the manure pit. For the transport the bays are stacked directly on top of each other so that no space is lost occur can. According to a further development of the inventive concept the pens must be arranged one above the other on the same side during transport, or they can be stacked laterally offset by 1800, depending on the training of the bays.

With the tiered arrangement of the pens during the Depending on the structural conditions, it can be advantageous if the pens in two rows of stacks axially symmetrical to each other and to a manure pit are arranged. Depending on the circumstances, the bays can be graded from one another be stacked so that the manure pit is essentially centered between the two rows of stacks is arranged. However, the stacks can also move apart in stages, with practically two individual manure pits or two connected pit sections under the sweeping sides of the bays.

Due to the stepped stacking of the pens according to the invention and the exemption The column parts of the pen floors are particularly easy-care bays because the excrement remained on any surface to be cleaned not possible.

In order to be able to stably arrange more than two bays on top of each other, is it is advantageous if corresponding step-shaped structures (step substructure) are provided which the bays in the step-like arrangement according to the invention wear.

In addition, it is advisable to place it essentially above it in the stable the respective feeding aisle of the step substructure has at least one fresh air supply line intended for the introduction of fresh air for the people who look after the cattle is. This ensures that the conditions at the workplace of the caregivers can be significantly improved.

According to another development of the inventive concept, the Separation of the inhaled air from the rest of the stall air takes place on the front wall of the bays each at least one inhalation air nozzle is provided, which has a The pipe system must be provided with appropriate fresh air. This is the advantage given that the animals in the bay move in a voluntary direction, So you will put your head towards the front wall of the bay, always the one from the nozzle inhale outflowing inhaled air of the appropriate composition and temperature, while her body warmed up and in essentially constant heat body heat is kept in the bay. The amount of feed Fresh air can be brought in in such a targeted manner that each of them can be inhaled the necessary amount is discharged without air turbulence occurring in the bay, which could affect the air stratification. This has the great advantage that the animals are always kept in optimal temperature conditions, in addition through the fresh air into the breathing air of the animal all necessary medicinal products or other health-promoting additives form a kind of fresh air cloud1 without that the whole animal body is affected (inhalation system).

There is also the option of setting the temperature of the inhaled air as also to select different body air during certain periods of time. E.g.

the temperature during food intake and an activity phase be lowered and partially raised while sleeping.

It is particularly advantageous if at least two are vertical superimposed inhalation nozzles are provided in such a way that the upper nozzle is designed for the standing and the lower nozzle for the lying animal.

Thus there is the possibility that the animal in the bay both finds equally good inhalation air conditions in a standing and lying position.

The inhaled air introduced into the inhalation nozzles can be im be substantial continuous airflow.

However, it can also be a pumping air stream that flows through Arrangement of a known device for chopping the air flow in the Inhalation air supply can be obtained. Because of the easily pumping inhaled air the disadvantage of a continuous supply of inhaled air is avoided, which may can lead to uncomfortable pressure situations in the long term. There is the possibility to give the pulsation of the air flow a frequency that is perceived as pleasant.

It is also advantageous according to the invention if the consumed; (in particular Breathing) air is expelled through a known suction system that works with a vacuum will. The suction system can be arranged in different ways.

So there is the possibility of a suction system in the area of the manure pit to be arranged, whereby the entire stall air receives a certain direction of flow. this has the advantage that the total air flow achieved in the stable from the partially open manure pit cannot raise bad smelling air.

Furthermore, the suction system can essentially be found in the stink area the respective bays arranged suction pipes exist, whereby the consumed Air is sucked out of the boxes directly. The suction pipes can be stepped Substructure of the stable can be integrated, so that there are no additional boxes on the boxes themselves structural dimensional are to be taken and also when removing the Boxes from the substructure or their displacement or placement on the substructure neither obstructive parts are present, additional precautionary measures are taken Need to become.

The suction system can also be placed in the boxes between Inhalation nozzle and front wall of the box arranged and provided with suction nozzles suction pipes exist.

These suction tubes then lead the exhaled by the individual animal, used air directly. This arrangement gives the possibility that the air used by the animal no longer mixes with the air inhaled can and cannot be discharged through the bay and thus through its body part must become. This also results in a mixing and cooling of the air in the body area essentially prevented.

This ensures that diseases that excellently about the exhaled air is transmitted by direct, targeted removal of this exhaled air, be avoided.

According to the invention, both suction tubes, that is to say in the exhalation area, can also be used and in the stink area of the bay, can be provided at the same time, making an even more targeted Output of the stale air is achieved.

According to another development of the inventive concept is of Advantage if in the body area of the pens that can be connected with hot air supply lines, and hot air nozzles provided with openings directed towards the carcass are. These nozzles can either only be on the ceiling or in or on the whole Be arranged wall of the body area of the bays. This achieves that relatively clean, warm air, e.g. from the upper part of the stable or warmed up Air from heat exchangers, is brought to the animal body what that Well-being of the animals still increases. By aligning the nozzles with the carcass and so the front warm air nozzles are sufficient to the rear, is a special one good separation of the warm body air from the cool inhaled air can be achieved.

It is known that cool air sinks by itself, while warm air sinks ascends. It is therefore advantageous if the inhaled air is introduced in such a way that that it can sink into the inhalation height of the respective animal species. The warm air for additional warming of the animal carcasses, is advantageously as deep as possible introduced with regard to the height of the bay, in order to reduce the to achieve the desired warm-up effect.

This saves money while at the same time avoiding pulling and pulling Compressed air.

However, depending on the species, it can also be advantageous if the warm air is introduced into the body area from above, which together with that of the animal A build-up of warm air is formed when body heat rises.

The inhalation air supply systems have a particularly good effect on the animal and exhaust air systems, if these are adapted to the respective animal species with approximately the same Work flow rate of the inhaled or exhaust air. It has been found that a flow velocity of max. 0.2 m / s in the animal body area is at most beneficial effects. As a result, on the one hand, the flowing Avoided air and, on the other hand, prevented an excessively strong flow.

According to the invention, both individual bays, so bays in which only one animal is kept at a time, or multiple pens, i.e. pens in which two or more animals are kept at the same time, arranged according to the invention be. Only single bays or only multiple bays in an arrangement can be used be used. However, there can also be single and multiple bays as required be arranged mixed side by side and one above the other.

The bay ventilation system according to the invention can also can be retrofitted easily into existing stables. Included the air can be tempered with known heat exchangers will.

According to the invention, the object is also achieved by means of a cattle receiving container (Bay) for keeping and transporting cattle, especially pigs, individually or several together, preferably in one direction, for use in an inventive Arrangement, which is rectangular and stackable, a partially slatted floor, an air supply and having an exhaust air device, achieved in that the air inlet device consists of air nozzles consists, which are connected to supply air pipes, and that at least the Ieilspaltenboden at the same time serves as an exhaust device. Due to the training according to the invention the bays is given the advantage already described above that a separation of the Air in the bay is given in inhaled air and body or stall air, with all the positive consequences described above. The use of the partially slatted floor as an exhaust air device has, in addition to the significant simplification of the pen structure at the same time the advantage that the escaping exhaust air the possibility that bad smelling air from the manure pit is led into the inside of the pen, practical is excluded. This contributes significantly to the well-being of those in the invention Bays kept animals and thus to the successful rearing of the animals in them Booked at.

The supply air device arranged in the bay consists of at least an air nozzle, it being particularly advantageous to place at least two on top of one another to provide arranged air nozzles for lying or standing position of the animal.

According to a further development of the inventive concept, the air inlet nozzles each separate, connected to a central supply air pipe and through special ones Precautions according to the constitution and condition of the animal, adjustable individual nozzles be. According to the invention, however, one or more essentially vertical ones can also be used arranged and provided with one or more nozzle openings supply air pipes on the Be arranged front of the bay interior.

Depending on the constitution of the animal, only those nozzle openings can be used be set permeable, depending on the size of the animal lying or standing position of the animal. This can be displaced, for example, by providing arranged cover rings or similar structural provisions that the nozzles can partially or completely release or cover in a simple manner, possible. The nozzles for exhaled and exhaust air can also be regulated in the same way.

According to a development of the inventive concept, the bays on their underside in the longitudinal direction slidable covers for closing of the bottom part having columns. This cover is always necessary when the pens are removed from the stable for transport and stacked on top of each other so that the excrement through the crevices is not in undesirable Way to the bays below, the means of transport or other objects or places can fall.

According to a further embodiment according to the invention, the bays at the front end of the ceiling wall an indentation serving as a tub for excrement low height. During a transport I will. the bays offset by 1800 stacked on top of each other, so that in each case the column part of the bay bottom above the to lie the head part of the bay below which has the tub indentation comes. This has the advantage that there are no bays on their underside must have additional tub training, which is a hindrance during transport and it is impossible to place the pens horizontally on a level surface do.

Furthermore, a removal of the excrement from a lying on top open tub much lighter than from a tub that goes up through a Slatted floor is locked. This is consequently also in a special way for good hygiene ensured. In addition, the low height of the tub reduces the Interior of the bay only to a negligible extent.

The arrangement of the heat at the head end of the bay also contributes to the stowage the body heat in the body area. This effect can be achieved by applying additional a hanging, partially space-separating rubber blanket (partial flap) achieved will.

Furthermore, it is to be regarded as advantageous if on the underside The bays are provided with bearings to make it easier to move the bays on top of each other or on a flat surface. It is also an advantage if at the top of the. Bays known facilities for locking the lower ones Storage of the bays are arranged. This ensures that the bays can simply be spared without too much effort and in the desired manner Snap into position one above the other in a stable position. So there is the possibility given that the bays are even ecrdneted by a single person from Rand or on shorter Routes can be transported.

According to the invention, the bays can be used as a single bay for keeping of one animal at a time or as multiple pens for the simultaneous keeping of two or more animals can be trained. Depending on the species to be reared or after Stable conditions or the subjective opinion of the breeder, it can be an advantage be able to use one or the other type of bay. In the multiple pens are according to the invention the animals are also separated from each other while eating and sleeping, that they cannot disturb one another. According to the invention, this is thereby achieved achieved that partitions are partially retracted or retracted in the longitudinal direction can be, with one feed and one Supply and possibly an exhaust device is provided. The partitions can also be drawn in lengthways to keep malicious or sick animals from the completely separate from other animals. This is also shown for transport Separation special advantages.

In order to achieve a particularly good, essentially complete separation of Achieving inhaled air and body air is according to a further development of the Idea of the invention, preferably for use for experimental purposes, in the front Part of the bay is an elastic transverse membrane that is not or only slightly permeable to air (Flap) provided, which the interior of the bay in a front fresh air space and divides it into a rear body space.

The membrane has an essentially central opening, through which the animal head is passed in such a way that the opening is the neck the animal fully encloses. In addition, the front wall of the box has air outlet openings on or can be completely open, so that the exhaled air of the animals into the open air in the barn step can. By arranging the transverse membrane, the inhaled air is mixed with it the body air is essentially excluded, so that a reduction in body air temperature due to the inflowing cooler inhalation air is no longer possible, which makes optimal Temperature conditions are created with maximum energy savings.

According to the invention, at least one operating button can be in the bay be provided for at least one fresh air shower. The shower can be used Cooling of the animal's body and / or to be provided for cooling the feed. Also is given the possibility that by pressing a button by the pig in Manure passage area or in the inhalation area for a certain time depending on the setting cool air pours over the pig. This can meet the need, which is known per se the pigs are taken into account that this corresponds to the wallow thought like to have different temperatures on their body surface in the great outdoors. Because this air is essentially sterile, the bacteria that live on the pig will are, essentially all of them killed. It is also carried out when the forage is wiped out Fresh air coming from the shower or fresh air opening through the air you breathe the animal's warmed up feed is cooled, so that harmful germ-promoting temperatures can be broken down in the feed or cannot arise.

According to the invention it is advantageous if the bays are made of plastic or Aluminum are either eaten in one piece or later welded together Individual parts. Both materials are easy to care for and relatively rot-proof and are due to their low specific weight especially when transporting the bays desires.

By the arrangement according to the invention and the inventive used therein In bays, there is the possibility of uncomplicated treatment of the inhaled air to design, since these only about 10 to 20% of the previously treated in the stable and circulated air. The inhaled air can be humidified with healing substances provided or made sterile by UV rays (inhalation system).

The cleaning (washing) of the exhaust air becomes much easier and cheaper, because only 10 - 20% of the air in the house has to be cleaned. The entire stable system is therefore more environmentally friendly than all previously known.

At the same time, by separating the inhaled air from the rest Barn air is the animal's body with a sleeping temperature (bed system) and the inhaled air chilled or warmed, so provided at a comfortable temperature.

Experiments have shown that a larger space per Animal from currently approx. 0.60 to 0.70 m2 / fattening pig brings a higher increase. The construction costs per animal increase considerably, e.g. twice as much space for the fattening pig provide. By the bays according to the invention, of approx. 1.2 m2, are the construction costs per fattening pig almost constant.

Furthermore, according to the invention, there is the possibility that by the supply of the inhaled air via pipes this inhaled air for the individual animal or can be treated for all in such a way as is necessary for the health of the animals is. For example, it can be for all animals or only for one or some animals Animals inhaled steam from medicinal herbs or medicines are added.

The subject matter of the invention is described below with reference to the attached Exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawing are explained in more detail. It shows: Fig. 1 a schematic representation of a cross section of a stable using of cattle-receiving containers according to the invention stacked apart from one another, Fig. 2 is a view from above of a stacked arrangement of pens according to FIG. 1, FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of two stacked arrangements facing one another inside a stable, Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section through a pen in the first embodiment, Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of a plan view of a multiple bay, here for four animals with individual air supply, FIG. 6 shows a plan view as in FIG. 5 common fresh air supply for two animals each, FIG. 7 a side view from the same direction one above the other, xlten bays, FIG. 8 shows a side view as in FIG. 7 of each uni 1800 implemented stacked bays, Fig. 9 is a schematic partial view of a step-shaped substructure for stable housing, Fig. 10 is a schematic Side view of a fresh air nozzle, FIG. 11 a section from a fresh air nozzle as a pipe system, FIG. 12 a longitudinal section through a bay with a transverse membrane, FIG. 13 shows an end view of a transverse membrane (tab) according to FIG. 12, FIG. 14 shows a partial longitudinal section through a bay with two vertically one above the other Fresh air nozzles, FIG. 15 shows a longitudinal section through a bay with another ventilation system according to the invention, FIG. 16 is a side view of a A truck body with stacked bays, and FIG. 17 shows an end view of one Truck structure according to Fig. 16.

In Fig. 1, 1 denotes a stable construction in which Bays 2 are stacked in steps facing outwards. The slots ("columns") exhibiting parts of the pen floors (manure area 3) are essentially above a manure pit 4, which forms the lower part of a manure area 5. the Front sides of the pens facing one another form a feeding alley 6. Essentially Under the roof of the stable structure are pipes 7 for fresh inhalation air provided which branches leading to the individual bays at their end Fresh air nozzles 8 are provided. The emerging from the period air nozzles 8 Inhaled air forms one Fresh air cloud 9. The general stall air movement is thus forced in a certain direction, which means that none of the manure pit polluted air can get up and mix with the air in the barn. At the front A feeding trough 11 is arranged at the end of each bay.

Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the bay 2, which here is a multiple bay is, i.e. a bay in which several feed, inhalation and other facilities having individual places are provided.

In the stable shown in Fig. 3 are in the stable 1 two on top of each other graded double rows of bays 2 arranged so that they each have one in have substantially closed manure area 5 located above a manure pit 4. The two stacks of bays set up in this way form on the one hand between them and on the other hand, towards the stable wall, feeding alleys 6, while in the same interstices Pipes 7 and 38 are arranged for fresh air.

The pen 2 shown in Fig. 4 has the feed trough at its front end 11 and at the same time the fresh air pipe 7 extends with its fresh air nozzle 8 into the front room. There are ventilation openings 12 in the front wall of the bay intended. Fresh air enters the bay from the nozzle 8 and forms the fresh air cloud 9. The inside of the pen is essentially due to the fresh air emerging from the nozzle divided into an inhalation air part 13 and a body air part 14. The bay floor has at its rear end the manure area 3 provided with slits (gaps) on, which with stepped stacking of the bays freely above the one below Room (manure area 5).

In the multiple pen for four pigs shown in FIG a subdivision into four individual areas have been made. Each individual area only has one part of the width of the individual area filling trough 11, while the remaining half is used to enlarge the resting place of the animal and at the same time the fresh air pipe 7 receives.

Instead of or in addition to the partial partition walls 15, barrier walls can be used 39 must be drawn in along the entire length of the bay in order to isolate a to enable individual animals.

The multiple bay shown in Fig. 6 has in every second Partition wall a common fresh air pipe 7, each one in the neighboring Has individual areas directed fresh air nozzle 8 at its end. Here you can These fresh air nozzles are single nozzles or a fresh air nozzle pipe system, in parallel be in vertical guidance with the partition.

As shown in FIG. 7, the bays can move in the same direction during transport be arranged one above the other, with each of the lower bay on the rear Part of the top wall has a low, essentially the dimensions of the column part of the pen bottom having tub 17 is provided for receiving the excrement.

In the case of the stacking of the bays shown in FIG. 8 the tub 17 is provided in the front cover wall part.

In Fig. 9 is a stepped substructure 18 for bays stepped down to each other shown, through which the steps 19 are essentially a closed tower-like Form structure that closes the manure area 5 standing above the manure pit 4.

In Fig. 10 is a pipe 7 opening into fresh air nozzles 8, which has a bellows 20 to enable optimal alignment of the nozzles 8, shown.

The suction pipes 31 shown in FIG. 15 can also be similar Wise be constructed (similar to the exhaust nozzle 31).

In Fig. 11, the fresh air nozzle 8 is designed as a pipe system, which essentially from an opening 21 directed radially in its lateral surface having tube 7 consists. The fresh air pipe system can also be used for delivery the inhaled air also for ventilation or

can be used to cool the feed. In addition, the fresh air pipe system a corresponding exhaust air pipe system, similar to that shown in FIG. 15, is assigned will. The air flowing between the fresh air and exhaust air pipe systems is have the shape of a roller (fresh air roller).

12 shows a bay 2 according to the invention in a further one according to the invention Execution in which the animal, here e.g. a pig, has a shoulder strap connection 28 is held. In the front half of the bay there is a cuff 29 of this type arranged transversely so that on the one hand it surrounds the neck of the animal snugly and on the other hand is attached to its entire circumference on the pen walls in such a way that a division of the pen interior in the longitudinal direction into a breathing air part 13 and a body air part 14 takes place (see also Fig. 13). This cuff 29 can only be in the upper Area of the bay for the partial separation of the warm body air from the inhaled air be attached. At the bottom of the pen floor is a lengthways Slidable and, if necessary, completely removable cover 30 for the manure area 3 arranged.

14 shows a fresh air pipeline in a partial vertical section 7, of which two vertically spaced fresh air nozzles 8 are essentially horizontal reach into the inside of the pen, namely the lower one at the level of the sleeping position of the animal's head and the upper one at the level of the standing position of the animal's head.

In Fig. 15 is another ventilation system for the pens shown. In addition to the fresh air nozzles arranged in the inhalation area 13 8 and associated pipeline 7 is between the front wall of the bay and the fresh air nozzle 8, an exhaled air suction tube 31 is arranged. This ensures that the from Animal blown out, used exhaled air is directly sucked in without having to deal with it to mix the deadline air and to be able to warm it up. Even those from outside Air penetrating the bay into the inhalation area can thus be released from the suction tube 31 can be sucked off.

A warm air supply is provided in the body air part 14 of the pen. This consists of at least one hot air nozzle 32 which is directed at the animal body Has openings 21 and which is connected to a warm air supply line 33. In the drawing, a nozzle 32 is shown arranged on the ceiling of the bay.

However, there can be any number of nozzles 32 in the entire body air part 14 of the bay, which means that the carcass is practically uniform all round is rinsed with warm air.

To strengthen the delimitation of the inhaled air part 13 from the body air part 14, a space-dividing tab 40 can be provided on the front of the warm air nozzle 32 be.

This flap 40 creates a build-up of the inflowing warm air and the body air. Simultaneously will be a penetration of the Introduced warm air in the inhalation air part 13 prevented.

For better evacuation of the air from the inside of the pen can be underneath the manure area 3 at least one suction pipe 34 can be provided. These suction pipes can be provided in the step substructure 18.

Finally, on the floor of the bay 2, preferably at the berth of the animal, a bump 35 can be arranged in such a way that the animal is lying down Neck can hang on this bump. Apart from the supportive effect for the Animal, the bump 35 also fulfills the function of directing the flow. The air flowing along the floor, for example, is in each case in its by this shaft 35 Direction influenced, whereby on the one hand to the flow of warm air and on the other hand to prevent the penetration of fresh air into the body air zone is contributed.

In Fig. 16 and 17, a truck structure is shown, from which the Arrangement of the bays one above the other and side by side on a truck 36 can be seen. A fresh air supply system can also be provided on the truck body, which is connected to the pipes 7 of the bays 2.

Although it is in the drawing of the animals for which the invention The arrangement and the pens are used, only the pig is shown and accordingly has been described. It goes without saying, however, that they all keep in bays and transportable animals are included. The relation of the bay dimensions and fresh and exhaust air system arrangements are then adapted to the corresponding animal species to interpret.

The inventive arrangement of the fresh air, exhaust air and hot air pipes or system in the pens can also apply to open stall systems within the scope of the invention be transmitted. For example, in a conventional cowshed in which the cows are usually tied up at the head of each box or a fresh air and an exhaust air pipe (nozzle) must be provided for each space, while warm air nozzles can be arranged essentially at body height.

Entire pipe systems for inhaling and exhaling air in poultry and rabbit pens are laid.

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Claims (46)

Arrangement for keeping livestock such as pigs, cattle, poultry, rabbits, and livestock receptacles for use in this arrangement. Patent claims 1. Arrangement for keeping livestock, such as pigs, cattle, poultry, rabbits, in which the animals individually or several together in rectangular, stackable livestock containers (Bays), the floors of which are partially slatted floors and which have a supply air and an exhaust air device have, preferably held in one direction, with the bays next to and are arranged one above the other in such a way that each two bays with the Opposite front and rear walls, so that at least one supply air and one Exhaust air side is formed in the stable, thereby g e -k e n n n z e i c h n e t that the The animals should preferably not leave pens (2) during rearing and transport that the bays (2) for rearing staggered are stacked, while the bays can be stacked vertically on top of each other for transport are, and that in the pens the inhaled air is thereby separated from the rest of the stable air is that an inlet connection for the inhaled air is provided at least in the head area is. 2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t That the bays were stacked on top of each other in a laterally offset manner for transport are. 3. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the bays for the transport are arranged in the same direction directly one above the other are. 4. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that the bays (2) are stacked in such a step-like manner in the stable that each of the part of the bays (2) having the slatted floor freely above a manure pit (4) is arranged. 5. Arrangement according to claim 4, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h -n e t that two rows of bays are axially symmetrical to each other and to the manure pit (4) are arranged. 6. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the bays (2) are stacked facing each other. 1. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the bays (2) are stacked facing apart. 8. Arrangement according to at least one of the preceding claims, as a result, that for the stepped stacking of more a step substructure (18) is provided as two bays in the stable (1). 9. Arrangement according to claims 1 and 8, characterized g e -k e n n z e i c h n e t that in the stable (1) essentially above the feed alley (6) of the step substructure (18) at least one fresh air supply line (38) for introducing fresh air for the people who look after the cattle. 1 0. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that for the introduction of the inhaled air on the front wall of the bay (2) inhalation nozzles (8), which make up approx. 10-20% of the total stable air via a pipe (7) Inlet air is provided, are arranged. 11. The arrangement according to claim 10, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that at least two inhalation nozzles (8) arranged vertically one above the other, respectively are intended for standing or lying animals. 12. Arrangement according to claims 1, 9 and 10, thereby g e k e n n shows that the inhaled air introduced through the inhalation nozzles (8) is essentially continuous flow of air. 13. Arrangement according to claims 1, 9 and 10, characterized g e k e n n shows that the inhaled air introduced through the inhalation nozzles (8) is inhaled pulsating airflow. 14. The arrangement according to claim 13, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that to achieve the pulsating air flow in the inhalation air supply a device known per se for chopping the air stream is provided. 15. The arrangement as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that it is e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that a well-known, vacuum-working one is used to discharge the stale air Suction system is provided. 16. The arrangement as claimed in claim 15, characterized in that it is e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the exhaust system in the area of the Slurry pit (4) is arranged. 17. The arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the suction system is arranged in the stink area of the pens (2). 18. The arrangement according to claim 17, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t, the suction system arranged in the stink area essentially consists of a suction pipe (34), which is integrated in the stepped substructure (18). 19. The arrangement according to claim 15, characterized in that there are g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the suction system consists essentially of one between the inhalation nozzle and the front wall the suction tube (31) arranged in the bay (2). 20. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the suction tube (31) has at least one suction nozzle, which in the ratio to the at least one inhalation nozzle (8) is arranged such that the through the Nozzles exiting or entering air form an air cylinder. 21. Arrangement according to claims 15 to 19, characterized g e k e n n z E i c h n e t that the suction system, in particular the suction tube (31; 34) for suction of the used air at an essentially equal flow rate works like the fresh air system, in particular like the respective inhaled air in the bays (2). 22. The arrangement according to claim 21, characterized in that it is e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the flow velocity in the animal body area is below 0.1-0.2 m / s. 23. The arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that it is e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that in the body area (14) of the bays (2) with hot air supply lines (33) connectable and hot air nozzles provided with openings (21) directed towards the carcass (32) are arranged. 24. The arrangement according to claim 19, characterized in that it is e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the nozzles (32) are provided on the ceiling of the bays (2). 25. The arrangement as claimed in claim 19, characterized in that there are g e k e n n -z e i c h ne t that the nozzles (32) in or on the wall of the entire body area (14) of the bays (2) are arranged. 26. Arrangement according to claims 23 to 25, characterized in that g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that at least one at the front end region of the warm air nozzles (32) flexible, usually hanging down to the neck of the animal, at least from above adjacent tab (40) is arranged to delimit the hot air zone. 27. Cattle receiving containers (bays) for keeping and transporting Livestock, such as pigs, cattle, poultry, rabbits, in which the animals are singly or to be held in several, preferably in one direction, for use in one The assembly of claim 1, wherein the container is rectangular and stackable, one Has partial slatted floor and a supply air and exhaust air device, thereby g e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that the supply air device consists of inhalation nozzles (8), which are connected to pipes (7), and that at least the manure area (5) of the partially slatted floor serves as an exhaust air device. 28. A container according to claim 27, characterized in that it does not exist t that at least two superimposed inhalation nozzles (8) for lying and Standing position of the animal are provided. 29. A container according to claim 27, characterized in that there are no t that the inhalation nozzles (8) as one or more nozzle openings (21) of an im essentially vertical or horizontal air supply pipe (7) is formed. 30. A container according to claim 27, characterized in that it is e k e n n -z e i c h n e t that to close the manure surface (3) on the container bottom one in the longitudinal direction sliding cover (30) is removably arranged. 31. Container according to at least one of claims 27 to 30, characterized it is not indicated that at the front and / or at the rear end of the ceiling wall the bay (2) has a tub (17) for receiving the excrement produced during transport is provided. 32. Container according to at least one of claims 27 to 31, characterized It is not noted that for easier movement on a surface or another container on the underside of the container known bearings are provided. 33. Container according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized It is not noted that at the top of the container is known per se Means for locking the bearings are arranged. 34. Container according to at least one of claims 27 to 33, characterized it is noted that the container (2) is designed as a single container is. 35. Container according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized it is noted that the container (2) is designed as a multiple container is. 36. A container according to claim 35, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that for the separation of the animals in the multiple pens there is only a part of the Length extending partition walls (15) are drawn in, in the so formed part boxes a feeding device (11) and a supply air device (7, 8) are provided in each case is. 37. Container according to claims 35 and 36, characterized g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that for the temporary complete separation of the animals in each case at least a retractable or extendable wall (39) is provided. 38. Container according to at least one of claims 27 to 37, characterized it is not noted that, preferably for experimental purposes, an elastic, Cuff (29) which is not or only little air-permeable cuff (29) is provided in the transverse direction is that the inner space of the container (2) in a front inhalation air part (13) and a rear body air part (14) separates that the cuff (29) one has a substantially central opening through which the head of the animal can be passed is so that the neck of the animal is fully enclosed by the cuff (29). 39. A container according to claim 38, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that the front wall (12) designed as a door is divided in two by the cuff (29) Container (2) in their air passage cross-section variable ventilation openings having. 40. Container according to at least one of claims 27 to 39, characterized it is noted that at least one actuating device inside the container for a fresh air shower (16) is provided. 41. A container according to claim 40, characterized in that it is n -z e i c h n e t that the fresh air shower (16) for cooling the animal and / or for cooling the Feed is provided. 42. Container according to at least one of claims 27 to 41, characterized it is not noted that this is made of plastic. 43. Container according to at least one of claims 27 to 41, characterized it is not noted that this is made of aluminum. 44. Container according to claims 30 or 31, characterized g e k e n n z it is true that it is essentially cast in one piece. 45. Container according to claims 30 or 31, characterized in that there are g e k e n n z e i c h n e t that this is welded together from individual parts. 46. Container according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized it is not indicated that the trucks (36) for transporting the pens (2) are equipped with supply and exhaust air systems that can be connected to the nozzles in the pens.