DE3018039A1 - METHOD FOR THE PROCESSING OF CONIFIERS, ESPECIALLY LOW-WOOD CONIFERES FOR THE EXTRACTION OF ENERGY CARRIERS AND ROSES - Google Patents

Description

Applicant: Karl 0, P. Fischer, 124 Cook Street, Cilliwack, B.C. Canada

Process for the preparation of conifers, in particular low-wood conifers for extraction of energy sources and raw materials

The invention relates to a method for processing Substance carriers from rhizomes, roots, bark and with Needles or scales and seed pods overgrown branches and twigs of conifers and thereby extraction of energy sources, in particular fuels and raw materials for hydrotherapy.

Energy generation is an extremely important technology from an economic point of view and new ways are constantly being sought to develop energy sources. On the one hand, this is because the sources of energy that have so far been widely used, such as coal, oil, gas and fissile nuclear energy carriers, are not available in unlimited quantities, since the existing stocks on earth can only be removed, but not regenerated. On the other hand, it is known that is the enormous energy consumption in the use of these raw materials results in a threatening pollution, serious in the long impairments, yes damage throughout life on earth have resulted. Nuclear energy occupies a special position here,

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which, despite many advantages, harbors a great danger that cannot be dismissed out of hand, even with the most careful planning and control of the nuclear reactors the risk of a safety disaster cannot be ruled out. In addition, there is the problem of disposing of the resulting waste products, the so-called Nuclear waste.

A new energy source was therefore sought from substance carriers of low-wood conifers, which essentially consist of branches and twigs, needles, scale-like leaves, seed pods, as well as rhizomes and fine roots. These parts of the conifers contain the assimilation products of the well-known photosynthesis, in which by a biochemical process the carbon dioxide absorbed by the leaves of the plants is converted into hydrocarbons through complicated reaction processes will. Photosynthesis is the most important biochemical process and the largest known energy producer Source. Parts that contain practically no wood and whose chemical composition consists of carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, Tannin, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, resin, wax and essential oils are particularly suitable for Extraction of fuel but also of raw materials for hydrotherapy.

The object of the invention was to create a method for processing substance carriers of such low-wood conifers, the economical production of energy sources and of usable raw materials contained in the conifer components allowed.

This object is achieved by a method of the type mentioned at the outset in that the substance carriers are in mills, in particular Pulverizers, by beating and rubbing to a mean grain size of about 10 mm to a coarse-grained mixture all components of the substance carrier are crushed.

Further comminution is expediently carried out in a vibrating or Colloid mill, down to a grain size of im

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Medium 0.5 to 1 mm. The coarse and / or fine-grain grist can be dried while passing through the mills using waste heat and can be used as a powdered fuel will. On the other hand, the millbase can be brought to a moisture content of about 35 # by metered addition of water, processed into a viscous, tough mass and then closed Briquettes are compressed and the moisture content lowered to about $ 30 to $ 25.

The ground material with an average particle size of 0/5 to 1 mm can be sieved and freed from fibrils and brought to a moisture content of about $ 70 by metered addition of water and in this state again up to an average particle size of 0.001 to 0.5 mm be finely ground. The kneadable paste obtained in this way can be shaped and compressed in extrusion presses without significant pressure and dried in a stream of warm air to a moisture content of about 8 to 10 $ and shrunk to hard shapes.

The ground material can also be used to obtain industrial gases using gasification agents at temperatures from 900 ° to 1200 ° C are subjected to a complete gasification.

The finely ground grist with a mean particle size of at most 0.002 mm and 5 # water can also be mixed with heavy oil Pasted and converted into fuels, oils and / or gases by the action of hydrogen in the presence of catalysts will.

Finally, the grist can be added by dosed addition of hot water into bath mud or filtered into an aromatic extract for bathing healing water.

The inventive method is a natural, always Renewable energy source made usable, namely vegetable. Products. The abovementioned substance carriers of young conifers that are poor in wood are particularly suitable for this purpose. It can

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but also waste from the logging of older coniferous trees are treated in exactly the same way as the substance carriers of young conifers that are poor in wood, i.e. their shrubs and bushes.

The preparation of the substance carrier does not require excessive complex machine systems, so that economic extraction is guaranteed, especially because the Basic materials can be renewed again and again in plantations or crops once they have been created and are consequently inexhaustible are. The calorie differences between the according to the invention Process obtained energy carriers on the one hand and the conventional energy carriers, namely oil, coal, gas or even Uranium, on the other hand, are great. But the advantages of a never-ending, essentially economical and environmentally friendly one Energy carrier, which can also be used without any problems, completely lift the disadvantages of the lower heat content on.

Any comparison with conventional coal-fired power plants is also favorable for the power plants to be operated with coniferous dust the end. The use of conifer dust in the operation of turbo engines, e.g. B. gas turbines with closed circuit. Together with an air heater and a heat exchanger, they form a very economical power plant. The working medium is air, which is heated up from the outside and in a closed circuit through all machines and devices flows. The adaptation of the output of these gas turbines to changes in load is carried out in a simple manner by regulating the circuit pressure. Without affecting the efficiency of the electrical power generation is impaired, the waste heat generated in the system's dry cooler is released directly to the relevant distribution network. In this way, the overall efficiency is increased significantly. In the case of district heating plants, the radius of the catchment area can be up to can be extended to about 2 to 3 km. The waste heat or waste heat can also be used by downstream devices, e.g. waste heat boilers for can be used for a wide variety of purposes.

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Regardless of the moisture content of the coniferous dust in gas turbines or conventional thermal power plants for combustion got. In any case, this is subject to the energy industry Scoring on a calorimetric basis in accordance with the internationally valid rules and formulas of Thermal engineering. Then it turns out that the coniferous dust as Energy source is of worldwide importance due to its caloric value. Another important factor is that burning coniferous dust is absolutely environmentally friendly because it releases sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere is extremely low or nonexistent.

The processing plant for the conifers and the power plants, which are to be operated with the energy sources obtained can either be in the middle of or at the limits of the applied Conifer plantations or crops are established. The electricity generated, due to the low price of the energy sources, is cheap.

Gas turbine systems can with outputs from 2 to 150 MW electrical Energy can be built and put into operation. By this design advantage over conventional coal-fired power plants with higher performance in central locations There are advantages in use because they are already used in the smallest of plantations and away from overhead lines and centralized power supply systems, the smallest energy generation systems are possible for residential and industrial settlements in the making. The same applies to stations of all kinds, the protection, security and care needs of people, Can serve animals and plants.

The preparation of the substance carriers to a fine-grained to powdery fuel takes place in mills, especially the so-called pulverizers. They are the foundation of what is to be processed Guts adjusted. The following processes are used:

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1. The comminution as a result of blows and friction of the good grains with the aim of using the debris in dust firing systems to increase the rate of combustion to prepare.

2. The simultaneous drying of the ground material while it is being passed through the mill when using waste heat or waste heat.

In the inventive comminution or fine grinding of the substance carriers with moisture contents between 20 to $ 25, the kinetic energy expended will be by far Most of it is converted into heat, which means that the processed grist is strongly heated. In doing so, the product loses $ 10 and more of its moisture content. This means that the fuel enters the combustion process with about $ 10 to $ 15 moisture.

The warming during dry processing is advantageous if the fuel is immediately after the Grinding is used. However, if the fuel is to be stored, cooling is absolutely necessary to keep the otherwise switch off possible self-ignition.

The grist does not have to be used as granular or dusty fuel, but they can also be used as Raw materials are used for gasification, hydrogenation or briquetting.

In the case of wet processing of the substance carriers for the production of pastes, the heating during grinding affects the subsequent ones the following thermal drying is beneficial. Such pastes are used to make coke.

The process according to the invention is divided into the following stages: grinding, sieving, shaping, drying and filtering the substance carrier.

All devices and facilities, apparatus and machines used are known and therefore none are required complex and expensive new developments.

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The method according to the invention runs essentially as follows:

1) The substance carriers are pre-comminuted in mills to an average particle size of 2 to 1 mm and then brought to a moisture content of about 10% by metered addition of water. In this state, the ground material is fed into vibratory or colloid mills or other corresponding devices which finely grind the mass and grind it into pastes with particle sizes of around 1 / rev.

After the fine comminution, the surface enlargement As a result, the paste is formed into pieces, the surface area being reduced again. The one in the fine comminution strongly warmed paste, which is mainly kneadable due to the resin content of the conifers, is different in Large and contour, without significant pressure, deformed in extrusion and drying in a hot air stream subjected to a water content of about $ 8 to $ 10. Subject to the briquettes a natural shrinkage in the ratio 3: 1. They behave like when they dry and shrink true colloids, d. H. their edges remain essentially stationary, while their surfaces are concave. The dry moldings are hard, crack-free and abrasion-resistant and are now Subjected to the coking process at temperatures from 725 to 1200 °. The degassing processes result in solid residues of high-quality molded coke, which in terms of their purity the content of sulfur, phosphorus and ash are far superior to other types of coke. The calorific values of the coke produced in this way are about 30,000 BTü / kg, the discharge is 30 #. The ones from the The raw gases resulting from degassing processes are logically also pure with regard to their sulfur, phosphorus and ash content. You can use both direct and fractional energy, metallurgy and chemistry as valuable raw materials · That means that the raw gas as an energy carrier burned in power plants connected in parallel to the Kokerelen or by fractionation to oil and gasoline to be processed can.

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2) The substance carriers are finely comminuted on their own. In order to obtain specifically different dusts, according to an embodiment according to the invention, the first grinding process a second and, if necessary, a third grinding process is switched on, however, the dusts are previously freed from the fibrils contained therein by sieving. In this way it is ensured that the dusts with the subsequent metered addition of water to about $ 70 moisture content be rubbed into absolutely homogeneous pastes, This runs the subsequent thermal drying uniformly. In the presence of fibrils, the smallest cavities would arise that would negatively affect the density and hardness of the briquettes «- The briquettes are then treated as under 1)

3) The dusts produced in process steps 1) and 2) are brought to a moisture content of about 55% by adding dosed amounts of water brought and brought to a viscous, d. H. tough paste processed. This paste is made in a manner known per se compressed into briquettes in presses. The moisture content is lowered to about $ 20-25. In this state the briquettes are treated as in step 1).

4) The dusts produced in process steps 1 and 2) with a moisture content of about 10 to 15% are produced without the addition of Water is compressed into briquettes of adjustable size and shape and then treated as in step 1).

5) The dusts produced in process steps 1) and 2) are considered pure dust energy carriers of direct combustion fed in thermal power plants.

6) The dusts produced in process steps 1) and 2) are using gasification agents, for example air, water vapor, carbonic acid, technical oxygen, hydrogen, at 900 to 1200 ° C Hoehofentemperatw fed to a complete gasification and industrial gas obtained

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7) The dusts produced in process steps 1) and 2) can according to the invention in the known processes of carbohydrate hydrogenation get used. You can replace brown and / or hard coal here.

In the case of the Bergius / Pier carbohydrate hydrogenation, z. B. lignite made into a paste with heavy oil and converted into fuels, oils and gases by the action of hydrogen via catalysts. This coal liquefaction is divided into two stages:

1. the sump phase or liquid phase and

2. the gas phase.

According to the invention, a conifer oil pulp was prepared by adding conifer dust with a particle size of 2 αχ _νβΓΙΠ < _5οη £ with 5% water and a weight of 440 g / l, and with motor oil with a weight of 8θΟ g / l.

5 1 dust = 2,200g. 5 Kcal = 11000kcal (4400OBTU) I9000kcal. 4BTU 1 1 oil = 800g. 10 kcal = 8000kcal (32000 ") 76000 BTU

6 l mass = 3,000 g were fed into a centrifugal mill in order to produce a homogeneous mixture. The mass warmed up Remarkable within 5 minutes with more visible shrinkage at the same time. After being removed from the mill, the mixture cooled. The fine particles of the dust were completely oily, so that a uniform mixture was created, the components of which were not separated by visible interfaces. The consistency of the pulp was sticky and tough, i.e. viscous.

The measurements gave the following values:

6 1 mass = 3kg = 19000 kcal shrunk to just 2.660 l, i.e. 0.887 = lkg = 6333 kcal.

These values of the state and substance of the slurry produced according to the invention show that it can be used in the process the high pressure gasoline production.

The dusts produced in process steps 1) and 2) can be used in the hydrotherapy area. The preparation

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the dusts for bathing purposes are different and they can

a) prepared by adding dosed hot water to make bathing slips be, or

b) they can be filtered and an aromatic, brownish colored, suspended matter-free bathing water can be obtained from the extract will.

The method according to the invention can produce low-wood conifers but also other older conifer species, especially those that arise from the current use of the conifer stands considerable waste, practically 100% made usable and can be made accessible to the energy industry and / or hydrotherapy through appropriate preparation. The waste of the Logging can be treated and assessed in exactly the same way as the substance carriers of coniferous shrubs and bushes.

The costs for carrying out the method according to the invention are minimal compared to conventional practices and systems, the machines and systems required are easy to operate and there is no environmental pollution. The currently operated centralized electricity generation, which is based in local storage facilities for energy sources or is only made possible by long, costly transports of energy sources to central points, can be noticeably relieved through the targeted installation of coniferous crops or plantations. Due to the energy carriers processed according to the invention, the power supply via the public networks can be ensured much better in terms of quantity than before in the metropolitan areas for industries and households. The construction and operation of thermal power stations based on coniferous substances can be controlled in a decentralized system in both regional and in local areas. The centers, which are exclusively dedicated to the generation and supply of public electricity, as huge organizational structures, can be separated into subordinate small and very small structures. However, this means that the regional and local needs of people and industries can be satisfied better and more safely than before.

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It should also be mentioned that instead of a pure grist, aμs Coniferous substance with the method described Mixture of coniferous material and peat can be processed. The grist with a water content of about $ 25 can contain up to on 7O # to 7556 partially drained peat as well as about 90 $ more water-containing Raw peat is added in such an amount that the total mass has a moisture content of about $ 50. The mixing of peat and coniferous substance allows, among other things, a large-scale use of the peat as an energy source, which was previously due to the high water content of the peat or Raw peat failed. The connection of peat storage sites and Coniferous cultivation is interesting in several ways. Dismantled parts of the peat storage area can usefully be used Conifers are re-cultivated and those resulting from the defibering of the peat are inferior as fuel, but as humus-forming peat waste high-quality peat fibers can be used for fertilization serve the coniferous crops.

The inventive method enables a technological Combination of the uses of coniferous crops and peat bogs, both of which are to be regarded as energy sources. The coniferous crops are cultural landscapes, d. ti. Man-made landscapes, the peat bogs are so-called natural landscapes, d. H. landscapes untouched by man.

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Claims (1)

3018033 Claims Process for the preparation of substance carriers from root stocks, Roots, barks and with needles or scales and Seed pods overgrown fists and branches of conifers and thereby extraction of energy sources, especially fuels, as well as raw materials for hydrotherapy, characterized in that the substance carriers in mills, especially powder isat or s, by beating and rubbing to a mean grain size of about 10 mm coarse-grained mixture of all components of the substance carrier are crushed. 2ο Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the Coarse-grained grist is subjected to one or more further grinding steps, in particular in a vibratory or colloid mill and down to medium grain sizes of 0.5 to 1 mm will. 3. The method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the coarse and / or fine-grain grist as it passes through the mill or mills using waste heat dried and the resulting coarse and / or fine-grained mixture of ground substance carriers immediately after grinding is used as a fuel in powder form » ^ o Method according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that the coarse and / or fine-grained ground material from substance carriers is brought to a moisture content of about $ 35 by metered addition of water, processed into a viscous, tough mass and compressed into briquettes in briquetting presses the moisture content is reduced to about 20 to 2% , and the briquettes are subjected to thermal drying and coked in a manner known per se. 130048/0040 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the comminuted to an average particle size of 0.5 to 1 mm Grist-sifted from substance carriers and from according to existing ones Pibril is freed, the moisture content of the so treated Kaiilgutes by metered addition of water to about 70 $ and in this state again subjected to one or more grinding cycles in a vibrating or colloid mill and is finely ground to a mean grain size of 0.001 to 0.5 mm. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the at The highly heated paste formed during the fine comminution and, in particular, kneadable due to the resin content, without significant pressure deformed and compressed in extrusion presses or the like and in a stream of warm air to a moisture content of about $ 8 to $ 10 dried and too tough, 1 eat-free and abrasion-resistant Formations is shrunk. 7. The method according to claims 1, 2 and 5, characterized in that the coarse and / or fine-grained grist for the recovery of industrial gases using gasifying agents such as air, hydrogen, carbonic acid, technical oxygen, at temperatures of 900 ⁰ to 1200 ° C is subjected to complete gasification. 8. The method according to claim 2 and 5 *, characterized in that the finely ground grist with an average grain size of at most 0.002 mm and 5% water in a dosed ratio of weight and volume with heavy oil and made into fuels by the action of hydrogen in the presence of catalysts , oils and / or gases is converted. 9. The method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the grist consists of substance carriers both up to $ 70 to $ 75 partially drained peat as well as about water-containing raw peat is added. 1300A8 / 0040 10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the partially dehydrated peat is mixed with a grist made of substance carriers with about 20 to 2. ^T j% water content in a ratio that gives the total mass a moisture content of about 50 ^ and this mass like that Regrind alone is treated further. 11. The method according to claim 9 »characterized in that the Raw peat is a grist made from substance carriers with around $ 20 to $ 25 Water content is added in such proportions that the total masses moisture contents between 50 to 75 $ received and these masses are treated like the regrind alone. 12. The method according to claims 1, 2 and 5 »characterized in that that the grist is made by adding dosed hot water to bath mud or filtered to an aromatic, brownish color colored and suspended matter-free extract prepared for therapeutic bath water will. 130048/0040