DE3013877A1 - Large vertical hot water storage tank - is pressurised to enable water to be stored at temp. above 100 centigrade - Google Patents

Abstract

The tank storing large quantities of hot water is in the form of an upright cylinder with a domed roof. The cylinder is divided into several compartments (1,2) by several partitions(3). The uppermost compartment is pressurised by an inert gas, such as nitrogen supplied through a pipe (14). With several compartments there is a connection between the space near the floor of each compartment, using a pipe (14). This arrangement ensures that there is no pressure difference across any of the partitions. The upper compartment is then pressurised so that the boiling point of the water is raised, thus enabling heat to be stored at higher temperatures than is usual with hot water storage. The tank is preferably made of concrete with a sheet metal liner.

Description

description

The invention relates to an upright, cylindrical liquid heat accumulator for open heating circuit with attached, open expansion vessel for temperatures also above the boiling point.

Since the generation of heat for larger supply areas is primarily in Form of district heating only using the condensation waste heat or waste gas waste heat of steam power plants or gas turbine systems makes sense, in which, however generally the generation of electrical energy and the associated energy Heat delivery with; does not completely match the heat demand of the supply area in terms of time, Appropriate heat accumulators are required in which the heat is heated in the form of a Liquid, normally water, accumulated during the time of electricity generation is then to be delivered to the supply area as required can.

Originally, the storage in pressure vessels was with relative high pressures and corresponding temperatures. Has been for quite some time It is well known that storage in non-pressurized, standing, cylindrical vessels, corresponding to the tank containers for mineral oils, is cheaper.

The heat storage capacity of such a container is, however by the liquid content, the boiling point of the liquid (in the case of water in general approx. 90 ° C) and the return temperature of the water flowing back from the heaters, which can also not be lowered at will.

For the thermal expansion of the liquid as a heat transfer medium, additional Space required.

At the moment this space is generally used by dictation equipment created, which consist essentially of a pressure vessel capable of is the excess fluid during expansion in the pipeline network, in the heat storage tank etc. to record. The 'free space of the pressure vessel is folded with nitrogen gas, to prevent oxygen from entering the heating water. Cools the Dictation pumps, which are switched depending on the network pressure, pump liquid in the network evaluate, water from the pressure tank back into the network.

The nitrogen filling goes with every filling process of the pressure vessel lost with fluid and must be replaced when emptied.

These disadvantages, limiting the temperature upwards, cumbersome Water level maintenance in the storage tank and cumbersome and also uneconomical pressure maintenance should through the invention of the vertical, cylindrical liquid heat storage for open heating circuit with attached, open expansion vessel for temperatures can also be eliminated or made much more economical above the boiling point.

The basis for the invention is the highest possible, standing, cylindrical Tank container with or without a roof, the lower space of which is the liquid heat storage (1) from the attached, upper space of the expansion vessel (2) by an insulated one Intermediate floor (3) is separated.

The storage tank (1) is close to the floor with the expansion tank close to the insulated intermediate floor by means of a pressure equalization line (4) tied together.

The water pressure in the liquid heat accumulator (1) and expansion vessel! 5 With this line (2) corresponds to that of a common vessel without an intermediate floor.

To prevent oxygen from entering the expansion vessel (2), expediently floats on the liquid level in the expansion tank circular floating plate (5) as it is known in gasoline tanks, the outer rana of which with the upper edge of the expansion vessel (2) or with the roof, if one is available via a bellows (6) or an equivalent construction, which is in the lance, extends from the upper edge of the container to the insulated intermediate floor (5) to lengthen, or to shorten, is connected.

The space between the bellows (6) and the outer wall of the expansion vessel (2) is via the overflow line (7) by means of an inert gas. mainly nitrogen, filled. So that the nitrogen gas, from gas bottles (9) via the overflow line (7) filled in, not escaping, the overflow line (7) ends in a siphon-like manner Liquid cup (8). When the liquid level in the expansion vessel (2) rises the displaced nitrogen emerges from the space between the bellows (6) and the outer wall of the vessel into a space between the floating plate (5) and one above it Membrane (17) is formed. This additional space can also be replaced by another Construction, elastic bladder, air bag or the like can be formed. That way you can the current demand for inert gas can be kept within low limits. Since there is hardly any There is insulation that can withstand high pressures as opposed to floor insulation (4) the floor a cushion of liquid through the higher position 7es Kaltfl: lssirrkeitsve divider provided. The cold liquid is fed in during unloading via the storage tank loading pump (10), when loading with the loading pump (11), via the common Cold liquid distributor line (18) when the storage tank is shunted to the network is included.

The warm liquid passes through the loading or unloading line or the discharge and discharge distribution line (17) in or out of the storage tank. When the memory In the main, the pumps can be dispensed with.

To in the general supply network of the heating system at the flow (15) to be able to provide for even higher temperatures, as in winter by means of a peak boiler will be the case, there is a safety loop in the loading and unloading line (17) (13) provided.

The pressure equalization line (14) causes that in the expansion tank (2) and about the same temperature above the bottom in the liquid heat accumulator (1) prevails, the anen.Shert the return temperature of the heating system in the heating return (16) and is well below the boiling point.

In, vreladenen or in the upper area of the liquid heat accumulator (1) Maximum temperatures with corresponding pressures may therefore occur below the water level are in the expansion vessel.

Since the maximum temperatures in the expansion vessel (2) correspond to the maximum temperatures coincide in the heating network and liquid heat storage (1) is sufficient under certain conditions The water level set in the expansion vessel for the required back pressure without evaporation can take place. The intended Arrangement also has the advantage that the removal and introduction of the warm Fluid in the memory is always the same without complicated circuits Place takes place.

The insulated intermediate floor (3) is made for structural reasons because of the different thermal expansions than the cover of the liquid heat accumulator (1) with the associated enclosure, which is conveniently arranged above, berachnet for its own weight with a certain montage load during assembly and proportionately low fluid pressure as it occurs during the and unloading of the storage tank Inertia of the liquid can occur, the insulation above it (thermal insulation) and the bottom of the expansion tank, which is also provided with a rafter is. The base and lid are centered in the middle and can slide outwards or or roles between the two racks follow different thermal expansions There the water level above the insulated intermediate floor (3) in the expansion vessel (2) is relatively low, it may be possible

This complicated construction can also be dispensed with and instead a type of heat insulating stone can be selected for the thermal insulation made of soft insulation materials, which can absorb the occurring water pressure.

Due to a relatively thin base without frames, the liquid space of the expansion vessel must be sealed against the insulation. In this case there is a direct transfer of the water pressure in the cover (3) from the expansion vessel (2) to the liquid heat accumulator (1) via the bottom plate of the liquid heat accumulator and the hard insulating layer for the cover of the liquid heat storage (1).

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Claims (6)

Claim 4 Standing, cylindrical liquid heat accumulator (1) with attached, open expansion vessel (2) for open heating circuit for Temperatures also above the boiling point. 2. Vertical cylindrical liquid heat accumulator (1) with cylindrical Expansion vessel (2), which is placed on the W thermal storage tank via an insulated intermediate floor (3) is in place. 3. Vertical, cylindrical liquid heat accumulator (1) with attached Expansion vessel (2) in which the water level in the expansion vessel is controlled by a floating plate (5) is closed at the top and the upper edge of the expansion vessel (2) or the roof via a bellows (6) or an equivalent construction with the Schwimtnplatte (5) is connected so that between the bellows (6) and the cylinder wall of the expansion tank (2) creates a space around the oxygen inlet in the liquid to prevent it from being filled with nitrogen gas or equivalent is. 4. Vertical, cylindrical liquid heat accumulator (1) with attached Expansion vessel (2), in which the space under claim 5 via the overflow line (7), which ends in a water cup (8), or is filled directly with nitrogen and the gas produced when the floating plate (5) is raised and lowered, all in one elastic expandable space formed, taken up by a membrane (17) and the floating plate (5) or is returned, so that the consumption of nitrogen gas in operation only the Corresponds to leakage losses. 5. Vertical, cylindrical liquid heat accumulator (1) with attached Expansion vessel (2), provided with a pressure equalization line (14), which the liquid heat storage (1) directly in the area of the sole with the expansion tank (2) directly above the area the insulated false ceiling (3) connects. 6. Vertical, cylindrical liquid heat accumulator (1) with attached Expansion vessel (2) in which the hot liquid passes through a safety loop (13) can be supplied or derived, thereby ensuring that in the Fernwtrme pipeline network (X and 16) even higher temperatures than can be carried via the storage tank (1), may occur.