DE3001392A1 - Hydropneumatic heat pump unit - uses fluid to transfer expansion energy to expansion side from gas circuit - Google Patents

Abstract

The pump uses a fluid, preferably water, in a system of pipes or vessels. This transfers expansion energy in a gas, preferably air, circuit to the expansion side. Heat-exchange and storage material can be so arranged in the expansion and compression chambers as to allow virtually isothermal expansion and compression, or so that temperature alteration after compression and expansion does not exceed the small value necessary for heat exchange. The hot and cold sides can be insulated from each other by an easily movable piston or diaphragm, or a cushion of insulating gas.

Description

Hydro-pneumatic heat pump.

With the beginning of the wave of energy savings, it became more or less uncritical classic refrigeration technology is used to build heat pump systems and devices, If all the necessary technical rules are observed in individual cases positive results possible.

However, refrigeration is also a burden on the new heat pump technology a number of unpleasant problems.

This applies to both electrical and heat pumps with oil or Gas drive.

The following are particularly difficult to name: - Absolute cleanliness in the Refrigeration circuit required.

- slow decomposition of the lubricating oil and refrigerant at high condensation temperatures and press.

- Incalculable risk to the world ozone layer through inevitable Frigen losses.

- Phosgene formation when Friganen penetrates into nearby thermal ones Furnaces.

- Elaborate safety chains such as: oil pressure, negative pressure, overpressure, Uhermotectors, hot gas monitoring, return temperatures.

- Usually in the case of corrosion damage to water coolers or condensers Total damage to the overall heat pump, - The life expectancy is usually too short for heating systems of the main mechanical components.

The invention overcomes these deficiencies by using air as a Work equipment and hydraulic energy transfer instead of mechanical, Fig. 1 schematically shows a section from the 9?, S diagram for air.

A possible heat pump process for a lower one is an example temperature of 0 degrees G and an upper temperature of 60 degrees C.

The theoretical ideal process runs from: 1-2: Isothermal expansion at 0 degrees, heat input from environmental heat, e.g., groundwater, outside air, exhaust air, mechanical Energy release, 2-3: Isovolume heat supply through heat exchange with 5-1.

3,4,5: Isothermal compression = heat dissipation to the heating system, more mechanical Power consumption.

The ideal process can only be approximated.

But the usual cold steam processes also bring less than 50% of Carnot in the heater.

The cold air process described here is known from the beginning refrigeration technology, but it was abandoned because of the properties of the refrigerant "Air" that requires large, lossy machines.

A sensible heat pump (or cooling system) with air as the working medium must therefore go new ways of implementation.

Structure of the hydro-pneumatic heat pumps: Fig. 2: A U-shaped Pipe apparatus system (1) is in the lower part with water or another suitable Liquid filled. An insulating piston (2) or insulating gas cushion separates the expansion chamber (3) thermally from the compression chamber (4). At (5) the environmental heat is fed in or the cold is removed, at (6) the useful heat (heating) is removed.

There is finely distributed heat exchange in both (3) and (4) and storage material (7) in the upper part, above the communicating pipe system, the working medium "air" is in a high pressure and in a low pressure part. (9) and (io) are control valves, (11) is heat exchanger, (12) and (14) are non-return devices.

(13) is the drive unit: electrical, mechanical or thermal.

Function: A full cycle according to Fig. I looks like this: The Column of liquid fills the expansion chamber on the left (3) all off, upper one Dead center for (3). Right in the compression chamber (4) lower dead center, the chamber (4) filled with repressurized air. The heat exchange and storage material (7) takes from the Lüssiciceit heat up, the insulating flask is on the left.

Condition of the air in (4) e.g. 2.5 bar, 60 degrees.

The high pressure control valve (10) opens briefly, the high pressure air, e.g. 10bart, 0 degrees0, accelerates the liquid mass in the pipe apparatus including Isolation piston, it takes over the entire expansion energy and compresses the air in (4), it pushes into the drive unit via (12).

Due to the well-known laws of nature in the cycle process, the isothermal Compression work equal to isothermal expansion work plus heat pump work plus other losses, so the process air arrives at the end of compression in (4) at most up to point 4 of Fig. 1. The drive (13) must therefore up to point 5, Fig. 1 raise.

If the liquid column in the expansion chamber (3) reaches the deepest Point and thus state 2, Fig. 1, opens control valve (9) and via heat exchanger (11), as well The flap (14) is in its original starting position. In the T-s diagram: point 5-1.

Advantages of the hydro-pneumatic heat pump: - Working equipment only Air and water, possibly Antifrogen for negative areas.

- By choosing the right materials, geometry and cycle times Approach to the ideal cycle process is possible.

- Few moving parts, therefore almost no wear.

- Low noise level. Can also be built noiselessly.

- No external lubrication, insulating piston is water-lubricated.

- Constructively variable through free choice of the end pressures.

- Simple output regulation via internal pressure or cycle times possible.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (6)

Claims: 1. Hydro-pneumatic heat pump, characterized in that a liquid, preferably water, in a pipe or container system, the expansion energy a cycle of gas, preferably air, transfers to the expansion side. 2. Heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that in the expansion or compression chamber heat exchange, and storage material is arranged so that almost isothermal compression, or. Expansion is possible, or the temperature change after compression and expansion, a small one necessary for the heat exchange process Amount not overridden. 3. Heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that a slightly movable insulating piston, respectively. an insulating membrane, or an insulating gas cushion the Thermally separates the warm side from the cold side. 4. Heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that between the almost isothermal compression and expansion of the cycle through isovolumen or isobaric heat exchange is closed. 5. Heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive mechanically, electrically, directly with hydropower or thermally. 6. Heat pump according to claim 1, characterized in that the line regulation via variable cycle times of the control valves or via changing the gas filling he follows.