DE3001307A1 - Combined heat and power generator - has water in power cylinder evaporated by indirect heat transfer for higher efficiency - Google Patents
Combined heat and power generator - has water in power cylinder evaporated by indirect heat transfer for higher efficiencyInfo
- Publication number
- DE3001307A1 DE3001307A1 DE19803001307 DE3001307A DE3001307A1 DE 3001307 A1 DE3001307 A1 DE 3001307A1 DE 19803001307 DE19803001307 DE 19803001307 DE 3001307 A DE3001307 A DE 3001307A DE 3001307 A1 DE3001307 A1 DE 3001307A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- water
- heat
- steam engine
- cylinder
- drive according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 title abstract description 5
- 239000011232 storage material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010795 Steam Flooding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009189 diving Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004868 gas analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007127 saponification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K21/00—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for
- F01K21/02—Steam engine plants not otherwise provided for with steam-generation in engine-cylinders
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Dampfmotor oder Dampfantrieb,vorzugsweiseSteam engine or steam propulsion, preferably
für Wärme-Kraftkopplung und Wärmepumpen.for thermal power coupling and heat pumps.
Rationelle Energienutzung führt zu dem Prinzip der Wärme-Kraftkopplung.The rational use of energy leads to the principle of heat and power coupling.
Leider ist der Aufbau des klassischen Dampfkraftprozesses,mit Dampfkessel,Turbine oder Motor,sowie der dazu nötigen Kondensatwirtschaft nicht besonders geeignet mit einfachen Mitteln Wärme und Kraft zu erzeugen.Unfortunately, the structure of the classic steam power process, with steam boiler, turbine or motor, as well as the necessary condensate management are not particularly suitable with simple means to generate heat and power.
Als Probleme sind zu nennen: -- Schlechter Wirkungsgrad im Vergleich zu Carnotprozessen auf Grund der physikalischen Eigenschaften des Wassers.The following problems are to be mentioned: - Poor efficiency in comparison to Carnot processes due to the physical properties of water.
-- Sehr hohe Drücke bei hohen Temperaturen.- Very high pressures at high temperatures.
-- Wasserpflege,Entsalzung,Korrosionen.- Water maintenance, desalination, corrosion.
-- Verseifung von Schmieröl.- saponification of lubricating oil.
-- Aufwendige Sicherk. its undprüfmaßnahmen für die Dampfkessel.- Elaborate security. its and test measures for the steam boiler.
-- Vakuumprobleme bei niedriger Kondensation.- Vacuum problems with low condensation.
-- Für sehr kleine Einheiten Drehzahl,Geräusch und Schallprobleme im Turbinenbau,auch zu hohe Anforderungen an die Bautoleranzen von Schaufeln und Gehäuse.- For very small units speed, noise and sound problems in turbine construction, too high demands on the construction tolerances of blades and Casing.
--wür Gesamtsystem Kessel + Maschine erheblicher Platzbedarf.- The entire boiler + machine system takes up considerable space.
Andererseits reizt der einfache Arbeitsstoff"Wasser", sowie die gute Abgasanalyse einer Öl nd Gasfeuerung zum Einsatz bei der Wärme-Kraftkopplung,auch die Laufruhe und die hohe Lebenserwartung der Dampfmotore.On the other hand, the simple working substance "water" is irritating, as is the good one Exhaust gas analysis of an oil and gas furnace for use in thermal power coupling, too the smoothness and the high life expectancy of the steam engines.
Die Erfindung beschreibt einen einfachen,direkt befeuerten Dampfmotor zum Einsatz in der Wärme-Kraftkoplung,oder zum Antrieb von Wärmepumpen. The invention describes a simple, directly fired steam engine for use in thermal power coupling, or for driving heat pumps.
Aufbau und Funktion: Nach Fig.1 ist der Dampfmotor äußerst einfach aufgebaut.Structure and function: According to Fig. 1, the steam engine is extremely simple built up.
Im Zylinder(1) bewegt sich der Kolben(2) über das Triebwerk(3).Über dem Kolben befindet sich eie feste enge Wasser(oder andere geeignete F,lüssigkeit)(4).In the cylinder (1), the piston (2) moves over the drive mechanism (3) the piston has a fixed one narrow water (or other suitable F, liquid) (4).
Im Wasser schwimmt oder taucht der Kondensationskörper(7), der im oberen Teil aus feinverteiltem Wärmetausch und Speichermaterial,im unteren Teil aus einer zusammendrückbaren Tauchblase(8) besteht.The condensation body (7), which is in the water, swims or dips into the water upper part made of finely distributed heat exchange and storage material, in the lower part consists of a compressible immersion bladder (8).
Im Zylinderkopf ist,thermisch isoliert, der Wärmeleitkörper(6) aus hochzunderfestem Material angeordnet,beheizt durch Brenner (5).In the cylinder head, the heat conducting body (6) is thermally insulated High-scale material arranged, heated by burner (5).
Der Wärmeleitkörper(6) ist geometrisch so gestaltet,daß entsprechend den Wärmeübergangszahlen bei den Feuergasen, sowie dem gewünschten Wärme fluß sich ein zulässiger Gesamttemperaturabstand einstellt.The heat conducting body (6) is geometrically designed so that accordingly the heat transfer coefficients for the fire gases, as well as the desired heat flow sets a permissible overall temperature gap.
Steht der Kolben(2) im oberen Totpunkt,so tauchen die unteren Spitzen oder Flächen des Wärmeleitkörpers(6) ins Wasser, sodaß eine definierte Menge Wasser verdampft,dleser Dampffilm bildet eine Isolierschicht um die e:eizspitzen,der die Verdampfung beendet,außerdem entfernt sich der Wasserspiegel durch die folgende Abwärtsbewegung des Kolbens von den Heizspitzen oder Flächen.Die unteren Heizspitzen sind geometrisch so gestaltet,daß nach einer relativ geringen Verdampfung eine hohe Überhitzung des Dampffilms oder Polsters erreicht wird.If the piston (2) is at the top dead center, the lower tips plunge or surfaces of the heat conducting body (6) into the water, so that a defined amount of water evaporates, the vapor film forms an insulating layer around the heat tips, which the Evaporation ends, moreover, the water level is removed by the following Downward movement of the piston from the heating tips or surfaces. The lower heating tips are geometrically designed so that after a relatively low evaporation a high Overheating of the steam film or pad is achieved.
Entsprechend den gewünschten Grenzwerten von Druck und Temperatur erfolgt beschleunigter Abwärtegang des Kolbens, Expansion des Dampffilms oder Polsters Als Besonderheit dieser Anordnung ergibt sich die Möglichkeit,einstufig nahezu Jedes beliebige Expansionsverhältnis zu bekommen.According to the desired limit values for pressure and temperature Accelerated downward movement of the piston, expansion of the vapor film or cushion takes place A special feature of this arrangement is the possibility of practically every single stage to get any expansion ratio.
Solange der Druck im Zylinder hoch ist bleibt die Tauchblase zusammengedrückt und der Kondensationskörper im Wasser untergetaucht.Sinkt rier Dampfdruck gegen Ende der Expansion im ylinder unter den Innendruck der Tauchblase(8) so wird der Kondensationskörper(7), spezifisch leichter und taucht auf.Das feinverteilte Wärmetauschmaterial von(7) mit der Temperatur des Wassers(4) kondensiert den Dampf im Zylinder, der Kolben bewegt sich aufwärts über 100 Grad mit Gegendruck, unter 100 Grad mit Unterstützung des Luftdrucks.As long as the pressure in the cylinder is high, the diving bladder remains compressed and the condensation body is submerged in water. The vapor pressure decreases towards The end of the expansion in the ylinder under the internal pressure of the immersion bladder (8) becomes the Condensation body (7), specifically lighter and emerges. The finely divided heat exchange material from (7) with the temperature of the water (4) condenses the steam in the cylinder, the Piston moves up over 100 degrees with back pressure, under 100 degrees with assistance the air pressure.
Erreicht der Wasserspiegel wieder die Heizspitzen von (6) beginnt das Spiel von vorne.When the water level reaches the heating peaks of (6) again the game from the beginning.
Die Zylinderwand von (1) ist vom 'Kühlmittel"= Heizwasser durchflossen,Abtransport der Restwärme zum Heizsystem über(9)(10).Z.B. Heizwasser 90/70 oder 70/50 oder für Niedertemperaturheizungen 45/35.The cylinder wall of (1) is flowed through by the 'coolant' = heating water, evacuation the residual heat to the heating system via (9) (10). Heating water 90/70 or 70/50 or for Low temperature heating 45/35.
Ersatzweise kann das zeitgerechte Auf und Untertauchen des Kondensationskörpers(7) auch mechanisch vorgenommen werden (11)Ist eventuell Anschlag für(7),(12) ist Strahlenschutzschirm, damit der Kondensationskörper nicht unerwünscht direkt aufgeheizt wird.Alternatively, the timely rising and submerging of the condensation body (7) can also be carried out mechanically (11) Is there a stop for (7), (12) is a radiation protection screen, so that the condensation body is not directly heated up undesirably.
Fig.2 zeigt beispielhaft ein mögliches Arbeitsfeld im T,s- Diagramm.: Bei Eintauchen der Heizspitzen hat das Wasser den Zustand 1(z.3. 70 GradC,0,3 bar,h=290K/kg) Das Wasser wird bis zum Siedepunkt erhitzt(Zustand 2.) ns verdampft bei konstantem Druck und Temperatur(Zustand3) Dann wird der Dampffilm bis zum Zustand 4 überhitzt(z.B.: 600 Grad C ,20 bar,h= 3680 KJ/kg),danach adiabatische Expansion und Arbeitsleistung bis Zustand 5 (z.B.: 70 Grad 0 0,3 bar,h= 2630 KJ/kg),danach Kondensation bei 70 Grad C und 0,3 bar bis zum Ausgangspunkt 1.Fig. 2 shows an example of a possible field of work in the T, s diagram: When the heating tips are immersed, the water has state 1 (e.g. 3. 70 degrees C, 0.3 bar, h = 290K / kg) The water is heated up to the boiling point (state 2.) ns evaporates at constant Pressure and temperature (state 3) Then the steam film is overheated up to state 4 (e.g .: 600 degrees C, 20 bar, h = 3680 KJ / kg), then adiabatic expansion and work performance up to state 5 (e.g .: 70 degrees 0 0.3 bar, h = 2630 KJ / kg), then condensation at 70 Degree C and 0.3 bar up to starting point 1.
Ohne Verluste stünde ein theoretischer Wirkungsgrad für diesen Prozess zur Verfügung: Delta h 4-5 1250 KJ/kg @u= = = 0,37 Delta h 4-1 3390 KJ/kg Je nach gewünschtem Zweck läßt sich dieser einfache Dampfmotor daher mit einem Wirkungsgrad von ca, 10-20 % betreiben,für die Wärme-Kraftkopplung und spezielle Wärmepunpensysteme durchaus ein ausreichender Wert.Without losses, there would be a theoretical efficiency for this process available: Delta h 4-5 1250 KJ / kg @ u = = = 0.37 Delta h 4-1 3390 KJ / kg depending on This simple steam engine can therefore be used for the desired purpose with an efficiency of approx. 10-20%, for the thermal power coupling and special heat pump systems quite a sufficient value.
Eine weitere Ausführung in Erweiterung des Grund prinzips zeigt Pig.3: In einem U-förmigen Rohrapparat(1) befindet sich Wasser oder eine andere geignete Flüssigkeit.Pig. 3 shows another version of the basic principle: In a U-shaped pipe apparatus (1) there is water or some other suitable device Liquid.
Der linke Schenkel ist genau so aufgebaut wie der Dampfmotor nach Fig.1.,Jedoeh ohne mechanisches Triebwerk.Oberhalb des Flüssigkeitsspiegels im Raum(13) ist Luft(bzw. Gas.Der Dampfantrieb arbeitet in dieser Ausführung als hydraulischer Luft(Gas)kompressor z.B.The left leg is constructed exactly like the steam engine according to Fig. 1., Anyway without mechanical drive, above the liquid level in space (13) is air (or gas. The steam drive works in this version as a hydraulic one Air (gas) compressor e.g.
in einem Wärmepumpenprozess.in a heat pump process.
Das Wärmetausch und-speichermaterial(16) bringt die Kompressionswärme nahezu isotherm an die Flüssigkeit.The heat exchange and storage material (16) brings the compression heat almost isothermal to the liquid.
Wärmeabfuhr wie in Fig.1 bei (9) und (10).Heat dissipation as in Fig. 1 at (9) and (10).
Eine weitere Version verwendet die Expansionsenergie in Form von Druckwasser(flüssigkeit) bei (15),dann entfällt (16) und(14) und das Luftpolster(13) kann eine eventuell nötige Energiezwischenspeicherung adiabatisch vornehmen.Another version uses the expansion energy in the form of pressurized water (liquid) at (15), then (16) and (14) are omitted and the air cushion (13) can possibly undertake the necessary intermediate energy storage adiabatically.
Vorteile des neuen Dampfmotors oder Antriebs: --Äußerst einfacher Aufbau.Advantages of the new steam engine or drive: - Extremely easier Construction.
--Geringer Platzbedarf.--Little need for space.
--Kein Dampfkessel mit seiner aufwendigen Sichcrheitstechnik.--No steam boiler with its complex safety technology.
--Keine Kondensatwirtschaft.- No condensate management.
--Keine Speisewasserpumpen.- No feed water pumps.
--Keine Schieber oder Steuerventile.- No gate valves or control valves.
--urch geeignete Geometrie freie Wahl des Arbeitsfeldes im T,s-Diagramm.- Free choice of the working field in the T, s diagram through suitable geometry.
--Die Druckspitze nur kurzfristig im Inneren eines Zylinders,oder in einfachen Rohren.- The pressure peak only briefly inside a cylinder, or in simple tubes.
--Als Motor niedrige Drehzahl,geräuscharm,als Dampfantrieb geräuschlos zu ballen.- As a motor, low speed, low-noise, as a steam drive, noiseless to clench.
--Mehrzylinderanordnungen möglich.- Multiple cylinder arrangements possible.
--Bei Kondensation unter 100 Grad stets positive Arbeitsabgabe,Schwundrad nur für Gleichförmigkeit der is" flr'>t 1 n;;t- With condensation below 100 degrees, always positive work output, flywheel only for uniformity of the is "flr '> t 1 n ;; t
Claims (8)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803001307 DE3001307A1 (en) | 1980-01-16 | 1980-01-16 | Combined heat and power generator - has water in power cylinder evaporated by indirect heat transfer for higher efficiency |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803001307 DE3001307A1 (en) | 1980-01-16 | 1980-01-16 | Combined heat and power generator - has water in power cylinder evaporated by indirect heat transfer for higher efficiency |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE3001307A1 true DE3001307A1 (en) | 1981-09-10 |
Family
ID=6092115
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19803001307 Ceased DE3001307A1 (en) | 1980-01-16 | 1980-01-16 | Combined heat and power generator - has water in power cylinder evaporated by indirect heat transfer for higher efficiency |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE3001307A1 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4543788A (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1985-10-01 | Dario Monreal Urzay | Process for converting the internal energy of liquid CO2 into mechanical energy capable of producing work as it changes from liquid to gas over its critical temperature |
| EP1942255A1 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2008-07-09 | Huseyin Bayir | Recycling energy engine |
| JP2011190745A (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-29 | Denso Corp | Heat engine |
| DE102010006960A1 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2012-01-26 | Reinhard Wollherr | Steam engine, particularly reciprocating piston engine, has cylinder, piston movably guided in cylinder and working medium enclosed in cylinder, where cylinder has cold zone and heat zone |
-
1980
- 1980-01-16 DE DE19803001307 patent/DE3001307A1/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4543788A (en) * | 1981-03-27 | 1985-10-01 | Dario Monreal Urzay | Process for converting the internal energy of liquid CO2 into mechanical energy capable of producing work as it changes from liquid to gas over its critical temperature |
| EP1942255A1 (en) * | 2007-01-08 | 2008-07-09 | Huseyin Bayir | Recycling energy engine |
| DE102010006960A1 (en) | 2010-02-05 | 2012-01-26 | Reinhard Wollherr | Steam engine, particularly reciprocating piston engine, has cylinder, piston movably guided in cylinder and working medium enclosed in cylinder, where cylinder has cold zone and heat zone |
| JP2011190745A (en) * | 2010-03-15 | 2011-09-29 | Denso Corp | Heat engine |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| OP8 | Request for examination as to paragraph 44 patent law | ||
| 8131 | Rejection |