DE29700681U1 - Roof covering and thermal insulation system for sloping roofs - Google Patents

Description

Rolf Sommer mother^tfsd'tei.^tri. 5 ..*6?125 Dannstadt

Description
Roof covering and thermal insulation system for pitched roofs

The well-known roof coverings made of e.g. roof tiles, concrete roof tiles, slate, corrugated sheets made of fiber cement etc. are only sufficiently waterproof against run-off water

due to the overlapping of the individual elements and the installation at a gradient. However, in the area of the overlaps, there are leaky joints, which are associated with disadvantages.

If rainwater runs from bottom to top against the roof slope due to strong wind, water penetrates through the gaps into the roof. In the same way, drifting snow gets under the roof covering through these gaps in winter.

When there is snow on the roof above heated buildings, the condensate partially freezes in the colder roof area above the outer wall or the part that protrudes from it and forms ice barriers that lead to a backflow of the condensate. This also causes water to penetrate the roof through the joints of the roofing elements.

Through these gaps, wind also allows dust to get under the roof covering, consisting largely of organic particles, which over time leads to a thick layer of dust that is easily flammable. Despite the non-flammable roof covering, this can easily lead to a house fire, for example if a lightning strike occurs.

Because of the moisture problems described, so-called underlayment membranes have become common, on which water that has penetrated under the roof is supposed to run off to the outside. However, these underlayment membranes do not prevent dust from penetrating. They even increase the risk of fire because they are made of flammable plastic films. If these films have too high a resistance to water vapor diffusion, condensation can form on their underside and this process can lead to damage caused by moisture.

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Rolf Sommer Mutters'ifadter S*tr*."5 " 67125 Dannstadt

For these reasons, there is interest in a passer and dust-tight roof covering for pitched roofs. For this reason, the initial idea was to transfer designs that are known for flat roofs. For such roofs, even for very slightly pitched roofs, the roofing materials mentioned at the beginning are unsuitable because of their leaks. For this reason, an absolutely waterproof roof covering, e.g. made of bitumen sheets, is laid, mainly on thermal insulation boards.

4§ However, all known materials for producing a flat roof covering have the disadvantage of being flammable. In addition, their resistance to ultraviolet radiation is limited and cracks occur over time as a result of the associated embrittlement.

To protect against flying sparks and the resulting fire, as well as to protect against ultraviolet radiation, it is therefore common practice to cover flat roofs with a top layer of gravel. The gravel is poured loosely and remains in the position it was placed in due to its own weight. On inclined surfaces with a greater incline, the gravel would roll off and therefore this option is not available for sloping roofs, especially so-called pitched roofs.

In addition to secure sealing, one of the aims of the invention was to improve fire protection, which is why the designs known from flat roofs were excluded due to the flammability of the roofing material.

A mineral covering layer with hydraulic binding, similar to plaster-mortar-concrete, was therefore planned as roof waterproofing. In order to avoid joints, this is produced in one piece directly on site by applying it to the roof in a wet state as a pasty mass and only hardening there.

This procedure first requires a suitable substrate for the application of this mass and for this purpose thermal insulation panels were provided, because roofs require thermal insulation anyway. Due to this combination of mineral top layer with hydraulic binding and thermal insulation

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Rolf Sommer Mother Suatltrer Sfr. ··· 67123 Dannstadt

panels, the invention was also given the name, roof covering and thermal insulation system■for pitched roofs.

The main components are already roughly defined with the mineral top layer and the thermal insulation panels. Further details and the advantages are explained using the attached drawing.

This shows a section through a roof section. In this, "1" means wooden rafters on which the wooden formwork "2" is attached. A vapor barrier "3", e.g. made of bitumen sheets, is laid on the wooden formwork "2", which is also a waterproof layer. On the barrier layer "3" are the thermal insulation panels "4", which are mechanically connected to the wooden formwork "2" and/or glued to the barrier layer "3".

The covering layer "5" on the insulation panels "4" was applied to the insulation panels "4" in a wet, pasty state and its connection to the insulation panels "4" takes place when the hydraulic binding agent of the covering layer "5" hardens. After hardening, the covering layer "5" forms a seamless roof covering made from one piece.

The covering layer "5" is reinforced against cracking and the risk of breakage, e.g. by embedded fibers or inserted fabrics. This reinforcement is indicated by the dashed lines "6". This reinforcement "6" is applied over the entire surface from eaves to eaves, i.e. also across the ridge, and due to its high tensile strength it helps to fix the covering layer "5" in its position.

The roof covering formed from the covering layer "5" resembles an umbrella that floats on the insulation panels "4" and hangs over the ridge.

The insulation boards "4" preferably consist of non-combustible mineral fiber insulation boards, the fibers of which are bound using synthetic resin and which are water-repellent due to the addition of a hydrophobic agent.

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Rolf Sommer Mutterstadter Str. 5 67125 Dannstadt

Mineral fibre insulation boards are also known to be dimensionally stable when exposed to temperature changes because the change in length of the fibres caused by thermal expansion is compensated for by the elasticity of the fibres within the structure of the boards.

The change in length of the cover layer "5" due to thermal expansion does not lead to its tearing off from the insulation panels

&Idigr;i,'&idiagr; "4" if they consist of mineral fibres.

Another advantage is that mineral fibre insulation boards have low flow resistance and therefore simultaneously form a vapour pressure equalisation layer.
Water also drains well from fully hydrophobic mineral fiber insulation boards, similar to drainage boards, in the event of a leak in the cover layer "5" above the barrier layer "3".

This structure also ensures that if the covering layer "5" is damaged, no water can penetrate through the roof into the building.

The hardened, waterproof top layer "5" is seamless, meaning that no dust can penetrate. For this reason, and because it is non-flammable, this top layer "5" together with the non-flammable insulation panels "4" provides more effective fire protection than the well-known roofing materials mentioned at the beginning.

The fire protection of this roof can be further improved if, instead of the wooden formwork "2", non-combustible and sufficiently load-bearing panels, e.g. made of lightweight concrete, are used, which rest on and are supported by masonry and/or steel or concrete beams. The seamless and floating position of the roof covering made of top layer "5" on the mineral fiber insulation panels "4" also results in very good sound insulation, and for this reason roofs with this structure are particularly suitable for noisy areas, e.g. for buildings near airports. The reinforced top layer "5" consists mainly of mineral materials which are hydraulically bonded, e.g. using cement or

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Rolf Sommer Mutterstadter Str. 5 67125 Dannstadt

Lime is bound. It is possible to add colorants, which allows optical requirements to be met. However, water-repellent properties can also be created and/or the setting time can be shortened by using appropriate additives. Suitable recipes are known, for example, from plasters for building facades and will therefore not be discussed in more detail.

The application of the top layer "5" as a paste-like mass enables good adaptation to required penetrations, e.g. chimneys, but also structural surface design, which represents a further adaptation option to optical requirements.

Spraying techniques are also known for producing, for example, glass-fiber-reinforced concrete layers from cement or for plastering walls. Using these spraying techniques therefore also provides a rational way of producing the covering layer "5". Another advantage is that the full-surface application of the covering layer "5" to the insulation panels "4" results in an even transfer of the roof load to the wooden formwork "2".

As is well known, conventional roofing materials require roof battens to secure their position, which is why only a dimpled load transfer and fastening takes place at the intersection points of roof battens and rafters.

With conventional thermal insulation on the top of the rafters with the roof battens above the insulation layer, the fastening elements made of nails or screws form fairly long cantilevers from which the roof load must be transferred.

This unfavorable situation is avoided with the roof covering with thermal insulation system according to the invention, because no roof battens are required.

No joints in the roof also means less damage in stormy winds, because the dangerous covering of individual roof elements and their collapse cannot occur.

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Claims (6)

Rolf Sommer Muttersl'Idt'er S*t'r/*5 '671*25 Dannstadt Protection claims 1.) Roof covering and thermal insulation system for pitched roofs, characterized in that it consists from top to bottom of following layers:
a.) waterproof, non-flammable and seamless top layer from mineral substances,
b.) Thermal insulation panels c.) Vapor barrier which is also a waterproof layer. d.) Wooden formwork on slabs or another load-bearing base, e.g. made of lightweight concrete. ty 2.) Roof covering and thermal insulation system according to claim 1, characterized by an upper seal against water, snow and dust made of a non-combustible reinforced covering layer without joints, which consists of mineral materials with hydraulic binding. 3.) Roof covering and thermal insulation system according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the mineral solid covering layer is connected to the insulation panels arranged underneath and the bond is created by hardening the hydraulic binding agent of the covering layer applied in a wet, pasty state. 4.) Roof covering and thermal insulation system according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the covering layer forming a roof covering has a tensile reinforcement running from eaves to eaves, i.e. over the ridge, by which this covering layer is additionally secured against sliding off the sloping roof surface. 5.) Roof covering and thermal insulation system according to claims 1-4. characterized in that the thermal insulation panels preferably consist of mineral fiber insulation panels, which are -1- Rolf Sommer Mutterstadter Str. 5 67125 Dannstadt They are bonded with synthetic resin and have water-repellent properties due to the addition of hydrophobic agents. 6.) Roof covering and thermal insulation system according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the covering layer forming a roof covering consists of one piece after it has hardened. -2-