DE2758843A1 - Heavy duty composite constructional component - is of steel and plastic with screw connections for prestressing reinforcing elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The heavy-duty composite constructional component has pre-stressed reinforcement. It is a combination of steel and plastic, with screw connections for prestressing the reinforcing components. Levers may be provided for prestressing these being a scissors-linkage expander mechanism. The reinforcing components, cast into plates, can be prestressed at right angles to the plate surface and towards the plate edges. A pressure is exerted towards the outside, and one towards the inside near the plate centre. Inside the plate the reinforcing components can be arranged round a hollow chamber, and positively joined to each other.

Description

Heavy-duty composite construction element with prestressed

Reinforcements (addition to P 25 52 586.4) The invention relates to a heavy-duty Composite construction element with prestressed reinforcements.

Such a composite component is the subject of the German patent application P 25 52 586.4. There it is provided that the reinforcements are already tensioned to be poured into concrete slabs or bowls. In addition, there are transverse Anchor bolts are provided to apply lateral pressure to the outer surfaces of the shells and, if necessary, to deform partition walls arranged inside or to make other load-bearing ones To keep sub-elements at a distance.

The invention is based on the task of the resilience of such To increase composite construction elements noticeably and, in particular, to specify measures, in order to be able to safely control the deformations to be expected under load.

According to the invention, this object is achieved in a composite component of mentioned type solved in that it is a steel-plastic composite and screw assemblies for which has reinforcement tension.

Through these measures, due to the elasticity and the tensile strength the plastic components of the composite even after the component has been cast Reinforcement preload states can be set that suit the specific application, are therefore optimally adapted to the specific load case to be expected.

In particular, if the shell is not made of concrete, but of in To a certain extent flexible and tensile material, in particular made of plastic or made of compound plastic, leave the composite components according to the invention extensive changes in shape even after casting; only then will the final Pretension applied to the cast reinforcements, resulting in optimal stability he brings.

The screw arrangements can directly on the cast Reinforcements in the form of metal rods, wire ropes or plastic strands or Acting plates, or via a lever arrangement. The latter training the The solution according to the invention has the particular advantage of having few actuators (Screw arrangements) in the entire component differently distributed but structurally to be able to produce coordinated pre-tensioning states of the reinforcements. In this way it can be taken into account, for example, that in the case of firmly clamped, in bigger Distances between supported girders in the load moment curve normally cracks would occur due to these defined locations Corresponding influence of the cast, pre-tensioned reinforcements compensated can be. In the case of concrete components, this creates impermissible tensile stresses, which could otherwise occur regionally, safely avoided. With composite construction elements with plastic shells there are especially local influences on elasticity possible, i.e. avoidable permanent stress destruction.

As lever arrangements for locally different stresses on the Cast-in reinforcements are particularly suitable for scissor link expansion arrangements, which extend over the dimensions of the composite structural element components. Because this can with a single anchor screw - at least with a few anchor screws - be operated to depending on the lever ratios on the individual scissor spreaders different compressive or stretching loads at their points of application to transfer the reinforcements.

Such composite components according to the invention can, especially if it are hollow-chamber components, expediently with thermal insulation measures be equipped. When it comes to reflector and anti-convection foils in acts the cavities, then these extend expediently in the direction the clamping stresses by simply influencing the vibration behavior these thermal insulation materials in German patent application P 25 52 586.4 Additional sound insulation properties described in detail over the broadest resonance ranges to achieve.

The heavy-duty composite structural elements of the present invention In addition to building construction, they are also particularly advantageous in building bridges and tunnels can be used, but also in vehicle construction.

The latter is especially true when the side walls, so the Shells or plates of the composite component are cast from plastic because This makes it particularly light, but nevertheless highly flexible, structures result, taking into account the possibilities already mentioned, local influences the elastic properties of plastic or compound materials to be able to. The embedding of steel reinforcements in suitable plastics shows here the particular advantage of no additional measures to prevent corrosion to have to meet.

Especially when the composite materials are sandwich plastic constructions it is appropriate the arrangement and bracing of the reinforcements to be chosen in such a way that the shear or peeling stresses in the joining planes are below The load on the composite component is minimal, i.e. this sandwich construction durability beyond the normal mechanical properties having.

Whereas in the case of prestressed concrete reinforcement, only such force introductions come into consideration, which cause a compressive stress on the concrete, arise in the case of steel-plastic composite materials, additional loading options or Opportunities for influencing the fact that plastic, in contrast to concrete, also has a high tensile strength.

For embedding the pre-tensioned and subsequently / additionally tensionable Reinforcements in steel-plastic composite components can basically be the Use techniques and devices that are common in the execution of prestressed concrete structures have already proven themselves.

This includes the optional use of adhesive anchoring or end anchoring for the reinforcement inlays (especially with regard to the possibilities of Bracing during solidification or after solidification of the plastic) or. a clamping combination with subsequent further clamping cast-in reinforcements. The elastic reinforcement tensions act appropriately counteracts the later, locally expected loads.

The use of Clamping spindles are very advantageous because of the dimensioning of the spindle gears the characteristics of the load application of the prestressing can be specified in a defined manner can. In addition, such clamping spindles not only have an additional load-bearing capacity Function, but also for mutual anchoring of individual, interacting composite components can serve.

The steel-plastic composite components according to the invention are special expedient for non-level composite components, since, as already mentioned, the subsequent Introduction of the pre-tension on the cast reinforcements in the case of plastic shells their three-dimensional deformation before the final definition of the clamping states permitted.

This applies both to peripheral ring anchors as well as to parallel ones reinforcements extending to surface lines.

; vanddicken gradations are expediently to the inside of the Composite construction elements relocated.

If screw arrangements of small cross-section for subsequent Influence of the pre-tension states of the cast reinforcements provided are, which at the same time a compressive stress when loading the composite component should take up, it is useful in addition to the reinforcements or as parts of the reinforcement support rings to be poured into the composite component shells Prevent buckling of the screw assemblies. A buckling of large areas more even Wall shells can thereby in a manner known per se by a negative pressure inside of the hermetically sealed composite component or across it running anchor bolts be prevented.

Reinforcements subject to tensile stress are particularly suitable also high-tensile compound plastics, such as rope bundles made of glass fiber reinforced Plastics. The same techniques used for embedding die materials in which plastics are known, such reinforcements can be used in the course of embedding find application in the encapsulated shell.

The already mentioned advantageous measures, according to the invention peeling and to influence shear forces on joining surfaces of flat composite structures, can also be used advantageously when such layer structures consist of materials of different strength. Leave that way Composite building elements with outer shells that on the one hand have a certain Have elasticity against local shock loads, but on the other hand behave almost rigidly like an inert mass.

Such composite components have, for example, a bulletproof characteristic without having to have a large mass and thus a large weight.

Further features and advantages emerge from the description below of preferred embodiments shown in the drawing, which are in general are placed on concrete as a cladding material, which has its special advantages but often only come into play with plastic sheathing.

It shows: FIG. 1 a cross section of an upper end of a composite component with a plate-shaped, reinforced, one-piece hollow concrete body for the formation a building wall, Fig. la a variant of the component shown in Fig. 1, 1b shows a variant of the component shown in FIG. 1, FIG. 2 shows a Cross-section through a component with shells, in their corners angled clamping elements are cast, the legs of which are each approximately parallel to a shell section run, Fig. 3 a: Cross-section of a BauelemenKs with two mutually parallel Panels that are connected to one another at their edges by separate webs, Fig. 3a a component with two parallel plates, between which at least one for Clamping threaded spindle is arranged, and FIG. 4 shows a cross section through a component that is used as an inner or outer part of a composite component for the formation of a building wall can serve.

With regard to the structural details shown in FIG are, fully-inhalTich on the description of Fig. 1 in the aforementioned Patent application P 25 52 586.4 is referred to. In addition, it should be noted in particular that that plastic is preferred as the encapsulation material in the context of the present invention is chosen.

The concave curvature of the reinforcements, shown for example in Fig. 1 are shown, can have a preload that already occurs during casting the outer side surfaces and until the goat material solidifies, for example transversely extending threaded rods is secured in a prestressed form. After this When the casting material hardens, this can initially maintain the tension in the reinforcement Means, e.g. B.

Cross bars, are removed so that then the tension on the hardened Casting material of the side surfaces acts and this also in a concave tension offset.

However, it is more expedient to subsequently generate these tools to use changed tension conditions, which is particularly easy is possible, if the reinforcements are not curved Iron, but flexible strands based on plastic or plastic compound. A load that causes the side surfaces to bulge without such reinforcements would become, due to these pretensioning conditions of the reinforcements as a result of the concave opposing training effectively intercepted this undesirable phenomenon to prevent.

The shape of the reinforcements shown is only a preferred one This is an example because, depending on the specific load case to be expected, other shapes are also available can be more appropriate. For example, the use of would be zigzag or wavy reinforcements or of spiral spring-like reinforcements, z. B. of compression springs or the like, possible. Such reinforcements can alone or in addition to the concavely curved reinforcements. the wave-shaped, zigzag-shaped, trapezoidal or similar reinforcements can have a vertically upward voltage before, so that after Hardening of the casting material and, if necessary, after the removal of the prestressing effect Aids these pre-tensioned reinforcements tension the side surfaces upwards, so that this tension tends towards a convex deflection, d. i.e., a bulging of the Side surfaces outward under load in the direction of the plane of such wall surfaces counteracts. In special cases of stress, additional Means are provided that a concave bias of the side surfaces with curvature affect inwardly.

Further reinforcements are useful in transverse parts of the outer wall element, which connect the side surfaces, provided, for. B.

in the ceiling part of a wall element, and there opposite the horizontal biased upwards. These further reinforcements can be used with the vertical and horizontally prestressed reinforcements of the side surfaces in direct or indirect Connected. In this way, there is an all-round reinforcement frame without further ado from such elements which can be influenced subsequently formed as a unit, which is concave on the side surfaces inwards and upwards has directed bias, while the transverse parts connecting the side surfaces a convex tension upwards or a tensile tension inwards or even afterwards have outside.

The respective shape and direction of the pre-tensioning of the reinforcements, as well as other parts, e.g. B. made of concrete or other casting compound, especially plastic, are so with respective adaptation to the expected load conditions to choose that alone or in combination with other reinforcements and wall parts or other support measures, such as resilient clamping screws, the maximum flexibility or load-bearing capacity is achieved while avoiding local load peaks.

The two-part cross screw 11, 12 with the flanges 14a, 14b in Connection with the sleeves 14d arranged between the inner wall element 10, that an external pressure is transmitted to a side surface of the outer wall element 15 on the inner surface of the opposite side surface of the outer wall element works. There this pressure is caused by the opposite direction, namely z. B.

concave prestressed, reinforcements added, and there is a counter pressure caused with an increased flexural strength of the entire component. So is the load-bearing capacity against buckling or buckling on both sides the outer wall shells of the composite wall component wiser increased.

If, as shown in Fig. 1, reinforcements 15k are present, these expediently have openings in the screws for subsequent Influencing the preload can intervene.

However, if clamping screws reach through such openings should, then two-part sleeves 14d are preferably provided, the one another facing ends are on the reinforcements 15k, so that a power transmission takes place between the partial sleeves and the reinforcements.

The anchor bolts 11, 12 and the metallic ones connected to them or other parts of the reinforcement are expediently heat and sound insulating included in the wall element.

The reinforcements of the horizontally running cross sections of the outer Building shells are, as FIG. 1 shows, provided curved upwards to hold the loads so that it can be supported and these Lafitdrtcke resp.

To transfer stresses to the vertical construction shell parts.

As FIG. 1 shows, these are reinforcements that are arched outward and upward the cross sections are supported twice on each side, through to the outside a reinforcement 151 ″ running perpendicular thereto and towards the inside through the reinforcement 15 k ". With a pressure on the convex curvature of this transverse reinforcement 15 1 is obtained the reinforcement 15 1 ″ running perpendicular to it, a tension upwards; however there is a pressure on the reinforcement 15 k "downwards. This is also for the load-bearing capacity the concrete bowls considerable.

As Fig. 1 a shows, the upper transverse reinforcement is laterally to the perpendicular concrete shells carried out in the same way as in FIG.

On the other hand, the upper curve is approximately in the middle through a vertical one Reinforcement 15 1 '' 'running towards it, curved in a concave manner and thus tensioned in an increased convex manner. A pressure that is exerted on the horizontal transverse ceiling must therefore be convex Outwardly directed high prestress of the reinforcement 15 1 to overcome first, before it can vault the concrete ceiling downwards.

One can also proceed in such a way that such convex (or also concave) reinforcements with the required pretension (convex or concave) in slabs made of concrete or another material with appropriate prestressing together with the above-described clamping devices that fix their pre-tension in a certain position (e.g. 151 "and 15 1" ') are provided.

Like the older version of FIG. 1, FIG. 1 a only shows an example of many other options. It's for the professional easily possible, depending on the individual requirements, such preloaded, for example vertical and / or approximately horizontal reinforcements together with other additional Reinforcements and prepackaging should be carried out so optimally that due to the increased flexural strength of the component depending on like the one enclosed by the building shells Cavity is designed, or is equipped with inserts, a maximum of load-bearing capacity is achieved.

The above-described convex preload is also used for this purpose. It enables It is necessary to give the building shells such a flexural strength that if the Building shell enclosed cavity is evacuated (vacuum), nevertheless the atmospheric one A pressure of 10 t / sqm does not bend the building shell concave inwards into the cavity able. This although there are no means of cross-support in it. The whole atmospheric pressure is shed from these without deformation of the outer construction corresponding internal counter-stresses due to the in these plates or in the overall cast shell included convex outwardly prestressed reinforcements added.

This can also be done by combining individual, appropriately reinforced Panels, e.g. B. made of concrete or other building materials.

Fig. 1 b shows an encapsulated outer component with a cavity, which is wholly or partially evacuated. The outer component shows a closed circumferential reinforcement 15 with concave bends that are convex on all sides is biased. 15 k '' 'is due to counter reinforcements running perpendicular to it it was held in this prestressed position and cast around it.

This version is also an example of the atmospheric Pressure such a high opposite convex preload (increased by the concave Inflections that exist with initially convex, outwardly shaped reinforcement pre-tensioning can also be effected) can be the opposite of that without transverse support Do not buckle the shells in the cavity.

If the outer element is to be made from plates, then you can the reinforcements should be provided in such a way that they are in the places where they are at a unitary cast are continuously located, are interrupted and a plate part is provided with receiving tubes, in the corresponding protruding reinforcement parts insert the other plate, e.g. the horizontal transverse plate, and over this Connect the intermediate pipe to the vertical, convexly tensioned reinforcement part.

This in such a way that the reinforcements through the intermediate pipe are connected to each other as if they were a unified, continuous reinforcement. As mentioned earlier, unequal shapes can, with appropriate resources, too horizontal reinforcements are provided, which are also provided with such intermediate pipes, z, B, with side plates from which the reinforcements emerge accordingly can be connected by plugging into each other.

Of course, such panels can be made by appropriate edge deformations, z. B. U-shaped, mutually, e.g. B. overlap inwards and outwards (clasp) and thereby secure their position. Also other means by which mechanical connections the abutting edge parts can be provided according to the purpose be. Chemical binders or the like can also be used to direct the plates be streaked from their assembly and then by pressing together a uniform, Create a flat connection.

The above statements apply mutatis mutandis to concave prestressing.

The bending forms of the highly elastic and tensionable reinforcements can Regardless of their direction of tension, depending on their expediency, e.g. in the panels and shells in a straight line by arranging the clamping devices accordingly (e.g. B. counter armoring). The ends of the reinforcements can be made by suitable Loop formation in the most appropriate direction in each case has optimal effects to stretch or tension the panels and on adjacent reinforcements.

Horizontal ones are also particularly suitable for spamming the reinforcements and / or vertical strips and the like. Connecting means, for example between two Screws 11, 12 (attached to these) are arranged for this purpose.

The line not mentioned above in FIGS. 1 a and 1 b shown Components can be embodied in the same way as in the case of the one shown in FIG. 1 th embodiments and accordingly have the same reference characters.

2 shows a special embodiment of corner reinforcements 101.

How the support or tensioning elements 102 (pretensioning means) recognize let, the bias of the vertically extending corner parts 101 a is concave directed inwards, however, the prestressing of the horizontal corner parts 101 b, although a bend of the same reinforcement 101, convex outwards be. The vertical corner parts lol a, which are to be concave inwards, are through the pretensioning elements 102 and 103 are held in the pretensioned state. These biasing elements can move towards the inside against pressure plates 102 a or the arranged towards them support the inner shells of the component.

The convex outwardly biased horizontal legs 101 b are held in the tensioned position by the tensioning elements 104, 105 and 106. Other reinforcements can, such as B. previously described in Figs. 1 a and 1 b, provided according to expediency be. For safety reasons, for example in the case of convex outward ge Tension of the building shell screws 120 may be provided.

The space enclosed by the outer shells 100 can be divided into several cavities, z, B, as shown, be subdivided into 3 cavities H1, H2, H3, where in the example the middle cavity with intersecting, reflective corrugated sheets 107, 108 and with intermediate reflective sheets 109 and the two associated Hollow spaces H1 and H2 with shelves 110, which are arranged at certain distances from one another are to be supported, These shelves have around their Edge parts circumferentially highly elastic rubber seals 110 a and are on the wall parts 111, 112 insertable or insertable in rails or the like.

attached (not shown). The middle cavity H2 can how to FIGS. 1 a and 1 b described, be without cross support means, even if a There is negative pressure or vacuum. For this purpose, the cavities H1 and H3 can be air- and vapor-tight, e.g. B. by plastic or metal foils, fully lined be. The middle inner shells 112a, 112b are formed by right-angled flanges mutually displaceable, for which purpose corresponding elastic seals 112 c are provided are. For additional securing of the airtight and vapor-tight closure and for Reinforcement of the horizontal flanges can angles 113 a, 113 b with corresponding Seals 113c be assigned. The angles 113 a, 113 b can be perpendicular to the lower Edge parts of the inner building shells 112 a, 112 b are fixed, e.g. by welding be.

The one enclosed loo airtight and vapor-tight by the outer shell The entire cavity carries on its inner surface z. B. plastic or metal foils 100 a and an elastic insulating layer 100 b, e.g. made of plastic foam, and then another vapor-tight film, e.g. B. made of plastic or metal, 100 c. Then follows the arrangement of the two building shells 111a, 111 towards the interior b, whose inner and outer surfaces are preferably covered with vapor-proof foils, which at the same time can be reflective, e.g. B. metal foils are coated. To the above Building shells 112 a, 112 b are arranged in the lower part of seals 111 c.

There are also seals between the flanges of the aforementioned building shells intended. The horizontal corrugated sheets 107 are in the event of compression the inner building shells 112 a, 112 b stretched vertically and thus practice a supportive Tension on the horizontal flange parts or ceilings and floor parts of the building shells the end.

Instead of such corrugated sheets, z. B. also a scissor spreader (not drawn), which also have a corresponding high support of the horizontally running cross sections or

Flanges, ceilings and floor parts causes. Just like the inner construction shells 111, 112 are formed with right-angled flanges that overlap the outer shells 100, 100 can also be designed accordingly. Instead, you can z. B. in the middle of the horizontal flange a correspondingly dimensioned Highly elastic rubber seal 11 5 or the like. Be provided through which the parallel It is possible to shift the vertical outer shells loo, 100 in the opposite direction is. By reducing the inner distance between the shells, as mentioned, the horizontal corrugated sheets 107 or scissors spreaders or trapezoidal sheets stretched and the tension thus caused also elongates the shells 100, 111, 112 causes. This increases their flexural strength and load-bearing capacity. in the In the event of a negative pressure in the cavities, the atmospheric pressure presses the outer ones Building trays loo and 100 against the inner building trays Alle, 111b and press them again via the shelves 110 against the smaller inner element with its construction shells 112a, 112b, whereby said stretching of the stretchable elements located therein he follows. The individual cavities located between the compartment bottoms 110 are in particular sealed airtight on all sides by the rubber seals 110 a. So are they Gaps in the smaller inner component through the corrugated sheets and through the flat intermediate plates 109, which are provided in highly elastic seals all around 112 e, e.g. made of rubber, press in, also individually sealed airtight and vapor-tight. These sealants have highly reflective surfaces on their surfaces towards the free cavity Foils.

In particular, tough-elastic, on the flange parts of the building shells 112 a, circumferential further seals 112 d be arranged.

All cavities or the inner surfaces of components that surround them are coated with a highly reflective coating, as are the shelf-like cross supports 110 as well as the exposed surfaces of the seal 111c.

As a result of a negative pressure in the cavities H1, H2 and H3 is a Bulging the building shells through the counteraction that is created by Increase in the pressure difference with an increase in volume of the cavities and thus internal gas pressure reduction results, additionally made more difficult. There is also the one described above Counteraction through concave pre-tensioned reinforcements. Also the securing screws 150 prevent such bulges. Furthermore, the inner building shells 111, 112 hindered on all sides by the shelves 110 firmly connected to them, their distances To do this, the building shells 111, 112 continue to run around the flange parts at optimal intervals screws 116, which through corresponding holes in the flange parts and sealing parts in the end position, which the finished component or its outer shells Take 100, 100 ', connect firmly to each other, provided. This is an afterthought Changes in the distances between the building shells are prevented to an extreme extent and the flanges can no longer change their perpendicular position to the building shells.

The end position of the building shells to each other can be determined by pressure on the outer Construction shells are brought about and thereby the holes provided, for example, the Then allow the screws to be inserted. Of course, di4.e screws 116 also include the flanges of the outer shells 100, 100 ', all seals and other parts adjacent to the shells are z. B.

connected to them in a high-strength and airtight manner by glue or the like (5 c strength) The totality of the means described results in a component which has an extremely high load capacity with a low total weight and a almost absolute sound and heat insulation.

As already described for FIGS. 1 a, 1 b, the outer Construction shells should be reinforced in such a way that, in the event of a vacuum in the cavity, they do not have any transverse support Means generate a counterpressure against buckling achieved by prestressing. Due to the vacuum inside and a vapor-tight, highly reflective lining the cavity can have a high quality sound and Thermal insulation be achieved. A convex bias also allows for a reduction Transverse support means in the interior manage with a corresponding balance of forces. That is economically important.

Instead of reinforced concrete outer shells, shells made of double sheets can also be used be made, in which clamping devices are introduced, in particular the Pressure distributing agents. For this purpose, the pressure distribution means can be connected to one another in a grid-like manner be connected and the means to be clamped and the clamping devices provided for this purpose on this inner grid, similar to the concrete reinforcements described above, be attached.

Plastic plates can also be used as outer plates for the intermediate ones stretched grids can be used as cladding. Between the flanges of the building shells and sliding layers can be provided for the seals, which slide smoothly against one another secure the building shells. (box-like design of the building shell, with the smaller one Box is pushed into the larger box with its opening.) Supplementary notes that the shelves 110 are also provided with vertical leg-like parts can be so that it is inclined to put them on top of each other.

Fig. 3 shows a component with outer plates 244, 245 as shells, whereby the vertical plates can be prestressed concavely inwards and the horizontal ones Transverse plates convex outwards. The cavity enclosed on all sides by these plates is subdivided by an inner component with the building shells 201, which in turn another inner component with the building shells 208, 209 at a distance of the perpendicular shells 208 to the shells 201 carries. This distance can be, for. B. by Honeycomb panels 206, 206 a be filled. The inner component 201 is through between the shells 201 set circumferential frames, consisting at least of tubes 204, which are arranged in a rectangle and preferably at least perpendicular Direction of two or more parts are designed so that they can be tensioned, laterally closed. The edge parts of the shells 201 are airtight and vapor-tight and rigid with the frame-shaped Pipes 204 connected. For this purpose, the shells 201 on the edge parts with flanges, which encompass the frame-shaped tubes 204, be provided (not shown).

Around the inner small component 201 and its tubular frame 204 are further shells 201 a with L-shaped flanges 201 r airtight and vapor-tight and arranged rigidly connected to the shells 201 at the edge parts.

Between the shells 201 and 201 a, distancing means 201 c are arranged so that that at least the shell 201 a experiences a convex curvature, but preferably the shell 201 is also given a concave inwardly directed curvature.

Between the outer construction shells 244 and the convex construction shells 201 a there is a cavity 244 a, in which spacer means 244 b are also arranged can. An overpressure of a gas can exist in this cavity.

The concave bias of the outer shells 244 provides the counterforce of the overpressure is at least compensated, but a larger concave one is preferred Voltage provided than corresponds to the overpressure, so that a corresponding concave There is a bulge or at least tension of the outer shells against one another. Preferably the cavities in which the honeycomb panels 206, 206 a are arranged, are also evacuated.

As a result of it, the shell 201 a has the spacing means 201 c forced convex bulge a concave, inward tension.

This can be further intensified by a vacuum in space 201b and thus at the same time a corresponding pressure on the inner components 201 and 208 (209), the inner component 208 has a on its side surfaces 209 circumferential clamping frame made of tubes 241 a, 241 b. This tubular frame can, for example consist of four main parts, which are at right angles with one perpendicular and one horizontal legs are formed. Between these Pipe parts are screw spindles with counter-rotating threads inserted into inner threads the pipe parts engage. These spindles can be operated from the outside, whereby the opposing threads allow the pipe parts to be screwed into one another they then, according to the arrangement of the shells 208 and 209, in the opposite sense actuate, and thus the distance between the horizontal parts under tension enlarge the outer shells. The same can also be done in the horizontal direction through the horizontally arranged threaded spindles with counter-rotating threads happen.

Both the building shells and the right-angled ones can be operated from the outside associated pipe section openings with which an access to the screw spindles is made possible. These can be designed with their heads so that a corresponding The tools to be applied from the outside can intervene. Then such Openings z. B. be closed by pouring or otherwise and the inside of the component remaining cavity z. B. evacuated. These are known in Way evacuation pipes provided with valves for connection to suction pumps.

Should further support means, z. B. in the transverse direction, provided which enclose airtight individual cavities with each other, so the evacuation take place in such a way that a common pipe is passed through all individual rooms with valve openings in the individually airtight sub-spaces joins by branches. If for any reason a part of the room is leaking, so, considering the individual valves for each individual room, the others remain airtight rooms unchanged. Basically all cavities, as far as they are with a pressure other than atmospheric pressure, e.g. B. with a Vacuum or an overpressure, to be subdivided into sub-spaces airtight.

3 shows round tubes used in horizontal square tubes 241 a 241 r with thread-bearing screw spindles 241 p.

Spacer rings (not shown) can preferably be used around the tubes 241 r. be laid.

The tubes 241 r can serve to pretension through the thread spindles 241 e using screws assigned on one or both sides (not shown) By this prestressing, the tubes 241 r are stretched and have so that a tension that counteracts a buckling or buckling, Such tubes can - as shown - in square tubes 241 a and 242 b on a predetermined Part of the pipe lengths 241 a, 241 b be introduced with voltage before, however the pipe ends 241 r remain free to accommodate connecting elements, in particular screws that are cut into internal threads cut on the pipe ends 241r intervention.

However, external threads can also be provided through which a connection by means of other pipe parts, which with their internal threads this outside ren thread of the tubes 241 r then include. With threads provided on the inside of the tubes 241 r can through tubes of the Screws inserted into the pipe frame through recesses to establish the connection of the tubular frame. The individual tubular frame parts are preferably in this Trap designed as straight pipe pieces (not as corner pieces, as in the first Example described), the horizontal in, rectilinear, preferably rectangular Square tubes come to rest on the vertical tubes 241 b and the corner connecting screws vertically through the horizontal pipes into the threaded ones underneath provided end parts of the vertical pipes can be screwed, in particular the vertical supporting pipe parts of the frame can be round pipes (without a Casing of the square tubes).

Also in this second embodiment of the manufacture of the tubular frame by corner connections, the straight frame parts for the arrangement of z. B. be designed in several parts with spindles provided in opposite directions, Fig. 3 a shows a further exemplary embodiment, for perpendicular tensioning of components, A screw spindle 211, the foot 211 a of which is secured by a locking ring 212 is widened, and is stored in a housing 213 with cover plate 214, can only rotate around its longitudinal axis without changing its longitudinal position (screw without end).

The housing 213 can be a piece of pipe that is up through a Fixed washer 215 provided with a corresponding opening for receiving the screw A disk 216 is rotatable with a screw 216 on this pipe section 213 a, which is milled into the screw in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the screw Ring groove, without disturbing the rotation, engages and thus determines the position of the screw. A tube 217 with an internal thread is screwed onto the screw spindle 211. By rotating the screw spindle 211, this tube 217 moves, depending on the Direction of rotation, upwards or downwards, depending on requirements, the upper end of the tube 217 to exert a tension against the ceiling of a component or to this arranged, e.g. B. horizontal support elements are screwed against, or else A pressure plate 218 of appropriate shape and size is placed on the upper end of the pipe attached, e.g. welded to the pipe end. Likewise, the lower tube 213 can with a plate 219 which distributes the pressure, for example welded thereto.

Inside the housing 213 you can follow the locking ring 212 (214) at the bottom, plates that absorb strong pressure or simply elements that also come with the pressure distributing plate 219 can form a unit for accommodating high Pressures that the spindle 211 may have to absorb, relieving the lead screw 216 a to enable.

A detachable head nut 220 can be used to actuate the spindle 211 be provided with fastening screw 221. After the tension is complete, the Screw 221 can be loosened and the head nut 220 to lock the screw spindle down against intermediate elements through which the upper end of the screw spindle 211 protruding through openings, screwed against it. As for the tension of the ceiling parts of a component only very small distance changes are required, is sufficient also between the lower and upper tube part 213, 217 a very small distance, which excludes an extension of this exposed spindle part. The top of the Spindle 211 can e.g. B. be guided through horizontally arranged tubes and with these connected at right angles by the screw or head nut 220, producing a frame be.

The screw spindle shown in Fig. 3a can also be horizontal Frame parts or the like to create horizontal tensions (e.g. in the case of ceiling elements, Bridges o. The like.) Be arranged. It is not necessary that the screw spindle continuously over the entire height of the component or horizontally continuously the entire width is arranged. Rather, it is sufficient if these serve tension Spindle in the end parts of a traversing the total length (height or width) Pipe are arranged pressure-tight. That between these anode ends of such pipes remaining rectilinear part can - as described above - pre-stressed for itself The almost continuous tube part is used at the ends to accommodate the screw feet 211 a with locking ring 212 or locking plate 214, which can be rotated against a corresponding Location to them z. B. welded cylinders are arranged. It is enough if the Spindle for exercising the tension is a very short piece of pipe 217 or a corresponding one strong disc, which is moved in the direction of the spindle movement. Other variants are also possible, which can easily be found in the above example »according to the application requirements.

3 shows the flanges which are bent inwards at right angles 201 r of the convex building shells 210 a vertically circumferential tube frame 2O4a, 204 b with tubes 204 c or 204 d andZ8eren inserted therein Threaded spindles 204 5. These pipe frames can also be used, as with the pipe frames 241 a, 241 b described in detail, designed, and voltages - be it after outside, be it inside - to exercise.

Seals 205 a are provided between the L-shaped flanges 201 r.

These seals allow clamping devices such. B. according to Fig. 3 a with outwardly protruding spindle parts 211 protrude from the inside to the outside, these Clamping means - be it in a corresponding position in or to the tubular frame 241 a or in or to the tubular frame 204 - are arranged accordingly.

There are the most varied combinations of the interaction of the Pipe frame 241 a, 241 b with the pipe frame 204 and 204 a, 204 b, as well as with their additionally introduced pipes possible.

The outwardly located tube frame can also be tensioned the inwardly upstream tube frame is successful. For example, the Tube frame 204 a, 204 b through the tube frame 204 and this in turn by the Tube frame 241 a, 241 b be stretched outwards. Accordingly can also the construction trays 244, 245, 201 a, 201 and 208 z. B, perpendicular to the above Tension of the tube frame in one of their flexural strength and thus increased load-bearing capacity Be offset in the yield stress state. For this purpose, the building shells z. B. the building shells 244 with the tube frame 204 a, 204 b by means of elbows or similar connecting elements be connected before the tension, so that by the tension of the tube frame the them attached building shells or plates are also tensioned. Also the intermediate plates 245 can by means of appropriate, previously completed fastenings to which it is attached to the side surrounding building shells 244 be stretched with these through the pipe frame. the Flexural strength of the component can continue to be achieved by the arrangement of different Air or gas pressures in the previously described cavities increase Experienced. For this purpose, the cavities in the inner component 208, 209 and the cavities at least partially occupied by the honeycomb panels 206 be provided with a negative pressure or vacuum.

In the cavity of the inner component 208, 209 between the or the circumferential tube frame more vertical and / or horizontal support Means can be provided for vertical support can also be specially trained Clamping supports, e.g. B. be arranged to the tube frame 241, for transverse support can also be used for tensionable pipe elements or the like. It could also - as shown in Fig. 2 described -shelf-like, correspondingly stiffened sheet metal elements with all sides Rubber edge parts are inserted. The cavity can also - as already to described in the preceding figures - entirely as a free cavity with a vacuum remain provided if - as described above - the construction shells and the gas pressures one in the various, outwardly upstream cavities appropriate Apply back pressure to the atmospheric pressure differential.

This embodiment according to FIG. 3 also shows the diversity the applicable elements and their varied combination options to achieve very high flexural strengths of the building shells or panels, the overall with all associated elements have a uniform high load-bearing capacity and a high level of sound and heat result in insulating component.

4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a component. This can be designed as an inner or an outer component.

4 shows outer shells 321 with an outer protective coating 322 and inside with a reflective film 323. The shells are at least at the top angled as L-shaped flanges 321 a and at least at the lower edge with U-shaped Flanges 321b shaped. Accordingly, at least one vertical side edge is in shaped one way or the other. The neighboring differently shaped Edge parts can be removed by welding and, if necessary,

connected to each other airtight and vapor-tight by additional profile parts The edge parts 321 a and 321 b of adjacent components interlock Groove connections, the components can be tekct continuously into one another. In order to give the components increased strength, it is provided that solid Profile body 341 of approximately U-shaped shape with legs 341 a in the U-shaped Edge bends 321 b are inserted. On the one hand, this becomes the transverse distance of the shells 321 fixed from one another and at least one airtight and vapor-tight closure this edge part by associating sealing means to be provided for the bowls 321 d allows this, preferably in the middle. Profile body (seen in cross section) there is a cylindrical opening 341 o through which the end of a screw spindle 211 according to Figure 3 a protrudes.

This screw spindle 211 can go through to the opposite Be provided at the end or at the end of a two-part tube 345 a, 345 b as an endless, be arranged rotatable clamping screw (see Fig. 3 a). The screw 211 engages through the cylindrical bore 341 o in the profile body 341.

If the screw spindle 211 is rotated, the distance between the pipe parts 345 a, 345 b enlarged to each other and those at the upper end of the tube part 345 b with this connected pressure strip 345 d against the profile body 341, this with his Legs 341 a from the inside into the U-profiles 321 b of the shell 321 moving, pressed. At the lower end of the pipe part 345 a, a pressure strip 345 d is also attached, against the lower profile body 341 'by the tensioning movement of the screw 211 is pressed.

Preferably 321 a are to the L-shaped flanges lower end of the shells inside identical U-profiles 321 b 'arranged so that the profile body 341 'corresponds to the profile body 341 described. Due to the tension created as a result of the increase in the distance between the pipe parts 345 a, 345 b is effected by turning the endless screw 211, the will opposite shells 321 united with one another by engaging in the U-profiles and sealed off from the outside in airtight and vapor-tight manner. There are also special sealants 321 d, 321 d ', 321 d arranged, The for actuating the pressure plates 345 d and 345 d 'serving clamping spindle 211 can be in several parts. So, for example, the outside part protruding from the tofile body in the opposite direction to the clamping rotation be unscrewable with the removable head nut 220, 221, so after completion of the tensioning process of the remaining screw part 211 approximately with the upper edge of the Profile body 341 e completes.

Above the profile body 341, a seal 341 d, preferably be glued in with a metal foil that closes at least at the top.

After removing the protruding spindle part 211, the adjacent Component with the L-shaped flanges 321 a between the U-shaped flanges 321 b. The L-shaped Flange parts seals 321 d, e.g. B. made of rubber, around the flange ends on both sides are glued.

A sealant can be placed between the end flange portions of the L-shaped flanges 321 d ", which is preferably covered with a vapor-tight metal foil, is used In the tube 345 a, an inner tube 346 can be placed in front of this tube for tension be, which carries rings 347 at statically optimal intervals, which are attached to the inner walls of the pipe 345 a rest against the tube 346 are cylindrical at least from one end Screws 348 with threads that are threaded on the insides of the tube 345 a engaged, screwed against tube 346 with tension. It will outer tube 345 a stretched in its longitudinal direction. The clamping screw 348 is in their location is preferably determined so that the lower end 211 of the screw spindle 211 sits on this cylindrical screw 348 without being hindered in rotation to be, Hereby a partial relief of the thread can be obtained, The component formed in this way with tensioned building shells and pre-tensioned inner tubes 345 a has an extraordinary flexural strength and load-bearing capacity. The cavity in the The interior can be highly reflective on all sides including the inserted parts, z. B. with aluminum foil, coated a, and also sound insulating means, e.g. B. on springs tensioned membranes of different natural frequencies, be provided, To further secure the airtight and vapor-tight closures, between the Pressure plates 345 d or 345 d 'and the u-shaped profile bodies 341 or 341' Insulating layers 335 preferably covered with aluminum foil on all sides in a vapor-tight manner be arranged A simplification of the clamping device can be found in be achieved in such a way that the internally threaded tubular member 345 b omitted and in its place the openings 341 o (cylindrical bores) with internal threads are provided, in which the clamping screw thread for moving the profile body intervene, so that the profile bodies can be operated directly.

The clamping tube 345 a can then protrude almost under the profile body, As in the case of the two-part pipes, it can also be used for sealing in this case a highly elastic sealing layer 345 c around the free spindle part between the moving pipe part or profile body and the pipe 345 a be provided, according to Fig. 4, the opposite edge parts have different flange designs. A simplification can be achieved by the component always only one or the other flange formation, and accordingly the adjacent associated Components the counter-training to effect a tongue and groove connection of the edge parts If the distance between the L-shaped flanges 321 a is sufficiently large, a circumferential tubular frame can be inserted between these flange parts 321 a which gives the component additional load-bearing capacity and flexural strength. This tubular frame can be rigidly connected to the L-shaped flanges and tensioned - as prescribed for Fig. 3 -be, in the cavity between the building shells Depending on the expediency, different air or gas pressures, z. B. a negative pressure relative to atmospheric pressure. The clamping tube 345 a has also has a cavity that is hermetically sealed on all sides. In these An overpressure can be introduced into the cavity, through which the tension of the pipe 345 a and its buckling strength or load-bearing capacity can be further increased to the To provide overpressure, a pipe with vert il on pipe 345 can be used at a suitable point a, and the rings 347 can carry incisions through which the overpressure is applied evenly to the entire pipe, It also still exists the following possibility: The construction shells can consist of double shells or panels, the frame in the air and vapor-tight enclosed cavity pipe, in particular made of tensionable square tubes, as described for FIG. 3.

These stenter frames make it possible to produce double-walled trays such as To clamp and equip components, you can use assigned perpendiculars and / or horizontal multi-part, tensionable pipes be reinforced, the inner second wall can be connected to the outer shell wall at the edge parts in such a way that a U-shaped Engagement by the profile body of the component evenly tension the double wall.

Such double-walled shells can in particular be made accordingly Deformed metal sheets and plastic sheets can be made inside with Isolating agents, e.g. B. coated on all sides with highly reflective aluminum foils and also contain soundproofing agents, the shell cavity be provided with a negative pressure, through such double-walled shells the Properties of the component continue to be improved.

Claims (6)

A n p r ü c h e 1. Heavy-duty composite construction element with pre-tensioned Reinforcements, characterized in that it is a steel-plastic composite and screw arrangements for the reinforcement tension. 2. Composite element according to claim 1, characterized in that it has lever arrangements for the reinforcement braces. 3. Composite component according to claim 2, characterized in that there is at least one scissor link spreading arrangement for the reinforcement bracing having. 4. Composite component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that reinforcements cast in plates are subjected to a bias are oriented perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the plate surface and is oriented at the plate edges in such a way that the reinforcements exert a pressure exert outward pressure, on the other hand, in the area of the middle of the plate, inward pressure. 5. Composite component according to claim 4, characterized in that the reinforcements are arranged around a cavity within the plate and are positively connected to one another. 6. Composite component according to claim 5, characterized in that reinforcements (15b) are provided as a connecting part between several plates, which in the middle part is curved concavely against a cavity in the respective plate and on which clamping means (15b '' ') that run perpendicular to them act.