DE2123831A1 - Device for starting internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

Dipl.-Ing. W. PAAP 8 MDNCHEN 22,

Dipl.-Ing. H. MITSCHERLICH Dipl.-Ing. K. GUNSCHMANN

Dr. rer. nat. W. KÖRBER ^R ef. 356/71 PAT _ENT ANW * LT _E ^. BEGIE NATIONAL DES USINES RENAULT

8/10 avenue Emile Zola

Billancourt (Hauts de Seine) France

and

AUTOMOBILE PEUGEOT

75 avenue de la Grande Army

Paris, France

Patent registration

Device for starting internal combustion engines

The invention relates to a starting device for internal combustion engines, especially for motor vehicles.

It is known to use direct current motors to start internal combustion engines. In most cases it is a matter of so-called "series motors", the torque characteristics of which are very well adapted to this intended purpose.

The connection between the electric starter motor and the internal combustion engine to be driven by it takes place via gear gears, chain gears or the like, plus an engagement or coupling device that automatically decouples the two motors as soon as the internal combustion engine has started .

2098U / 0808

In view of the current development of internal combustion engines in the direction of very high speeds which can be sustained for very long periods of time when driving on the motorways, the designs currently used are not very reliable. The strong vibrations emanating from the internal combustion engines have a detrimental effect on the auxiliary units attached to them, in particular on the electric starter motors. The connecting devices known under the designation "starter gear ¹¹ " and the electromagnetic relays are particularly sensitive to such vibrations and no really reliable solution for these difficulties has yet been found.

The subject of the invention is therefore a device for starting of internal combustion engines with an electric motor that does not require any mechanical coupling connection with the internal combustion engine, wherein the organs with low reliability can be omitted.

It is also known, particularly in the field of wheelless drive Land vehicles to use AC motors in the form of so-called "linear" motors. An armature or acts on these motors Secondary part, which consists of a metal plate and can possibly serve as a guide rail, together with a stand that consists of two Pole legs are made of magnetic material that overlap the armature in a bow-shaped manner, with grooves in at least one pole leg Receiving electrical windings are arranged. This stator, "which forms the exciter or primary part of the motor, is the electrical Energy supplied in the form of alternating current.

This electrical energy is converted into mechanical energy by the metal plate of the armature or secondary part arranged in the air gap. With such a motor, the maximum speed or synchronous speed V_ is a function of the mains frequency f and the length of the pole pitch T, so that V _g »ΪΤ.

In operation, the speed V is lower than the synchronous speed V_; the difference between these two speeds is called the slip g_ denotes, so that g «Vg - V ^

20981 A / 0808

The starting device according to the invention is essentially characterized characterized in that the electric starter motor has a windingless armature with a diameter of the flywheel the internal combustion engine comparable diameter and one with electrical current fed stator or primary part, which extends at least over part of the circumference of the armature or secondary part extends, the armature fixed and without the interposition of a mechanical coupling with the rotating part of the internal combustion engine connected is.

According to a further feature of the invention, the starter motor is a '• linear ¹¹ motor with a U-shaped stator or primary part, which is normally fed with alternating current and bow-shaped overlaps an armature or secondary part, which consists of a metal disc or a metal ring, which in relation has a relatively small thickness on its effective diameter, wherein means can be provided which regulate the frequency of the current as a function of the speed of the internal combustion engine.

Further features and advantages of the invention are evident from the following Description of an exemplary embodiment of the starting device according to the invention can be seen in the attached Reference is made to the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the operating characteristics of a conventional direct current series motor; from which the change in torque as a function of the speed can be seen;

2 shows a linear motor in a schematic representation;

Fig. 3 is a graph showing the operational characteristics of the linear motor;

Fig. * L · the arrangement of a linear motor on the output side an internal combustion engine;

5 shows the arrangement of the same motor on the output side opposite side of the internal combustion engine;

2098 U / 0800 ~ ^k ~

6 shows a modified embodiment in which the stator is arranged parallel to the axis of the disk-shaped armature is;

FIG. 7 shows the general arrangement of the starting device according to FIG Invention, in a schematic representation.

In Fig. 1 is the general torque curve of a direct current series motor shown how it is mostly used today as a starter motor. From the curve a ^ it can be seen that the torque C is greatest at the start of starting and decreases as the engine speed N increases.

Acts in a linear motor 1 of the construction shown in FIG an armature or secondary part 2 consisting of a metal plate with a stator or primary part 3, which consists of two stator plates 3a and 3b, which overlap the armature in a bow-shaped manner, with at least one of them has grooves 4 for receiving electrical windings 5. The torque curve b_ of such a motor, which is shown in FIG is shown in dashed lines, shows that the torque of the motor is greatest when the speed has reached the synchronous value V ".

If you take structural measures to the resistance of the armature 2, so changes the characteristic curve torque C - speed N of the motor and a curve c_ is obtained, which is fully drawn in FIG. 3 and which is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown characteristic curve of the series motor fairly approximated is.

FIG. K shows a first form of the arrangement of a linear motor on the output side of an internal combustion engine 6. The armature 2 in the form of a disk or a ring is firmly connected to the flywheel 7 of the internal combustion engine. The stator attached to the engine 6 engages with its "two stator plates 3a and 3b in a bow-shaped manner over the disk armature 2. According to another embodiment shown in FIG.

209 8U / 0808

In the modified embodiment according to FIG. 6, the stand 3 is arranged with its two stand plates 3a and 3b parallel to the axis of the cylindrical armature 2 ¹ ; it can be located on one side or the other of the internal combustion engine 6.

In Fig. 7, which shows the general arrangement of the device according to the invention, the linear motor 1 is arranged to be disc-shaped anchor or secondary part 2 fixed to the circumferential Part of an internal combustion engine 6 is connected. One or more stands or exciter parts 3 are arranged on the circumference of the disk, with the number of these stands by the power required to drive the internal combustion engine 6 and by the power of each individual stand element is determined. With such an arrangement, each stand element can be arranged in the most favorable position, This does not result in a spatial confinement that is incompatible with the intended purpose, e.g. adversely affecting the ground clearance. Each stand element has the shape of a sector of a circle and extends only over part of the circumference of the armature 2.

The stand or stands 3 are of a, in a motor vehicle in general existing, battery 9 powered. A current transformer 10, preferably an inverter, converts the direct current CC. the AC battery O.A. for feeding the linear motor 1 um.

If necessary, sensors 11 can be used for the speed of the internal combustion engine and / or be arranged for the phase near the armature 2 and connected to the current transformer 10, so that the frequency of the current transformer as a function is related to the speed of the internal combustion engine 6.

With such an arrangement , it is easier, inter alia, to support the internal combustion engine during the starting process by the starter motor until it has started properly. The electric starter motor 1 can then be switched off automatically.

An additional advantage of the starting device according to the invention is that it is "reversible". If one spits the linear motor 1 with direct current, it acts as a retarder. If it is fed with alternating current in phase opposition to the starting current, it acts as a powerful brake. Man In this way, he has a not inconsiderable emergency brake.

2098U / 0808

After operating as a "starter or brake" it may prove to be necessary prove to demagnetize the magnetic circuit in order to avoid the formation of Foucault currents in the disc armature. These induced This is because currents would generate a braking torque that would be harmful in normal operation. The demagnetization of the magnetic circuit can be done in any known manner, e.g. by means of alternating current of decreasing amplitude, by means of oscillating Discharge, or by means of discharging with direct current with the generation of counter-amp windings, or in some other suitable manner.

2 0 9 8 U / 0 8 0 8 claims

Claims (1)

~ 7 - Claims Starter device for internal combustion engine with a flywheel, in particular for motor vehicles with an electric starter motor, characterized in that the electric starter motor (1) has a winding-free armature (2) with a diameter comparable to the diameter of the flywheel (7) and one with an electric one Has current-fed stator or primary part (3), which extends at least over part of the circumference of the armature or Secondary part (2) extends, the armature (2) fixed and without the interposition of a mechanical coupling device with the rotating part of the internal combustion engine (6) is connected. 2. Starting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric starter motor (l) a linear motor with a U-shaped stator, normally fed with alternating current, or The primary part (3) is, the latter being bow-shaped over an armature or secondary part (2), which consists of a metal disc or consists of a metal ring which has a relatively small thickness in relation to its effective diameter, wherein Means can be provided which adjust the frequency of the current feeding the stator (3) as a function of the speed of the internal combustion engine (6) regulate. 3. Starting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the Armature (2) a fixed to the flywheel (7) of the internal combustion engine (6) connected wreath is. ⁴ K starter device according to claim 2, characterized in that the Anchor (2) is a wreath that is firmly attached to the circumferential part (8) of the Internal combustion engine (6), e.g. connected to its crankshaft or rotor is. 5. Starting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the Armature (2) is cylindrical. 2 0 9 8 U / 0 8 0 8 6. Starting device according to claim 2, characterized in that each stand or primary part (3) has the shape of a sector of a circle
has, which extends only over part of the circumference of the armature or secondary part (2). 7. starter device according to claim 2, characterized in that the electric starter motor (l) with organs for feeding with Fixed frequency alternating current is combined. 3. Starting device according to claim 7 ₍ characterized in that the organ for supply with change egg rom fixed frequency organs (ll) are assigned which allow a change in the ßtromfrequenz. 9. starter device according to claim 7, characterized in that it has organs for decreasing the speed or the phase of the armature. 10. Starting device according to claim 2, characterized in that it is used as a retarder by the electric starter motor is fed with direct current. 11. Starting device according to claim 10, characterized in that it is used as an emergency brake by the electric starter motor is fed with alternating current in phase opposition. 12. Starting device according to claim 2, characterized in that the motor has a degaussing device of any type
is assigned, which serves to demagnetize its magnetic circuit and the formation of Foucault currents in the armature
(2) prevent. The patent attorney 20981 4/0808