DE2164C - - Google Patents

Description

1877.

Class 42.

ADOLF SAMMEREYER in MUNICH. Proportional distance meter

Patented in the German Empire on December 28, 1877.

The main components of this range finder are:

1. A measuring table according to any system whose measuring table top PP (Fig. 1) can be brought into a horizontal position and · is rotatable in the horizontal plane.

2. A ruler // worked as precisely as possible around a point α in the. Level of the measuring table top can be rotated by any (certain) angle.

3. A second shorter ruler / ¹ Z ¹ . There are two telescopes F and P ₁ on this. The axis of the auxiliary telescope F ₁ is parallel to the edge of the ruler / ¹ Z ^1; the axis of the telescope F is normal to the axis of the auxiliary tube. The telescope F can be rotated horizontally and vertically, telescope F ₁ only vertical.

Telescope F is used for sighting the point whose distance is to be determined; Telescope F ₁ is used to sight for an auxiliary point and has the purpose of eliminating or removing errors caused by irregularities in the edges of the rulers // and / ¹ Z ¹ . to make it vanishingly small. Both tubes are provided with cross threads.

Let it be B. in Fig. 1 PP the measuring table plate brought into a horizontal position and // rotatable about point a , namely, let the ruler // be 1 m long from point a to point a _x. If one now places the ruler / '/' with the two telescopes on the ruler // so that the optical axis of the telescope F goes through the pivot point α of the ruler / / and one rotates the measuring table plate to the point /, the distance of which is to be determined Cross threads of the telescope F falls, then rotates / / by α by an angle of 3 minutes, so the original optical axis of the telescope F, namely ate with the edge of the ruler // or. with the optical axis of the auxiliary telescope F ₁ an angle (Ji 3 ') = 89 ° 57'. If one now displaces ruler / ^1/1, along the edge of the ruler // until the optical axis of the telescope F α passes through point, and would then point / fall back into the cross thread of the tube F, one would when both Rulers would ideally be worked exactly from the / \ α p U ₁ , if we

«« I = e = im (Fig. 3)

α p = c

α, fi— b

and denote the angles opposite the sides with α β γ (γ = Ji):

α
coso = -; C =

in the

cos 89 ° 57 '

= C = II45.9:

that is, α p (that is, the distance p from point d) is 1145.9 m. If one now divides the ruler // from point α to Ci ₁ into 1146 equal parts, then each division on α a would correspond. ₂ each one meter on ap. Would z. If, for example, point p had come into the cross thread of telescope F on part line 500, point p would be only 500 m away from α. This distance meter is based on:

1. The mathematical forecast.

2. The geometrical theorem; “If you draw parallel lines to the side of a triangle, so the sections behave like the whole pages. "

In order to use the proportional meter in practice, you have the following procedure:

Put the 1. measuring table top PP in a horizontal position; 2. Bring the axis of the telescope F as perpendicular as possible to the axis of the auxiliary telescope F ₁ ; 3. Place the ^{ruler Z '/ 1} with both tubes on the ruler / / in such a way that the optical axis of F passes through the point of rotation α of the ruler //; 4. Sight with telescope i ^ to the point /, the distance of which is to be determined by turning the measuring table top PP : 5. Turn ruler // around point α by an angle of 3 minutes, should there be no suitable auxiliary point / ₀ for the auxiliary tube find, so choose by turning the table top (to the right or left), a suitable one; This can also be done by turning the telescope F ₁ vertically; however, the above turning of the measuring table plate should not exceed a certain limit (deviations to the right or left at most 5 °); 6. turn Linial / / back into the first position by an angle of 3 minutes; 7. Sight point / again exactly by turning telescope F horizontally (also vertically); 8. turn ruler // 3 minutes; 9. Move the ruler / ¹ Z ¹ along the edge of the ruler // until the point / falls into the optical axis of F again. If the auxiliary point / _{0 were} to fall into the optical axis of the auxiliary tube F ₁ , the distance could be read off immediately. But point / ₀ deviates from the optical axis

Claims (1)

of the auxiliary tube, which is due to the inaccuracies of the rulers / / and / '/', then turn the ruler // to the right or left by a until p ₀ comes back to lie in the optical axis of F _1. Shift / ¹ Z ¹ along edge // (right or left) until p comes back into the optical axis of F , etc. If the moment occurs that p and p _{0 are} in the optical axes of both telescopes, then one can use the Read off distance immediately, di ap. What the angular rotation of the measuring table plate around a point / ₀ as a suitable reference point for telescope F ₁ to choose resp. which this rotation correspondirende horizontal rotation of the telescope F is concerned, one has according to FIG. 3, if ap = c the Visirlinie the telescope F by p, a (Z ₁ = a = ι m and α _t p the Visirlinie from point " after p of the telescope F and one denotes the angles opposite these sides with α, β, γ , from / \ (a Ci ₁ p) abc: a \ c = sin a : sm γ ; c = im-sm /
sin 3 ' If one sets angle y = 90 °, one has, as above, c = 1145.9 m, that is, the two optical axes of the two telescopes can make an angle which is 5 ° larger or smaller than 90 ° without any the measurement of interfering errors occurs (if y = 90 + 5 ° is set, in both cases the value for c is 1141.3 m). This error is very small and can be significantly reduced by a favorable choice of the point p ₀ serving as a reference point for the auxiliary pipe. Of course, the rotations of the ruler II are effected by means of micrometer screws, as are the finer rotations of the measuring table plate and the telescopes. Corresponding long distances can also be calculated by lengthening the ruler // on the one hand and by reducing the angular rotation of the ruler / 1 by α. Would z. If, for example, the rotation by α is _{reduced to 1/2} minute, then distances of up to 2290 m could be taken into account. (As you can see, in this case a division =: 2 m would correspond to α ρ .) If ruler 1I = UtZ ₁ 2m were at the same time, such a distance meter would be useful for measurements up to 4580 m, etc. It is therefore possible with the proportional distance meter, provided that the telescopes are suitable be used, a sharply marked auxiliary point is chosen and the distant Point sharply aimed, very large distances with very great accuracy by direct reading (without boards of any kind) to be determined. The patent claim is based on the peculiar attachment of a telescopic sight, which regardless of small inaccuracies in the baseline, which otherwise make the measurement unusable would make usable measurements possible. For this purpose I sheet drawings.