DE2037176A1 - Line system of a picture tube triggered by touch - Google Patents

Description

DIPL-INa. KLAUS BEHN λ λ Λ η Λ η Q DIPL.-PHYS. ROBERT MÜNZHUBER

PATENT LAWYERS β MUNICH S3 WIOBNMAYERSTRASSEB

TEL. (0811) aaasso-aeoiea

Our reference number: A 20370 / Thu 27 July 1970

SANDERS ASSOCIATES, INO., Daniel Webster Highway

South, Nashua, New Hampshire, TJ ₀ SA

Line system of a picture tube triggered by contact

The invention relates to a playback system with many choices and, in particular, a response detector therefor.

In devices of this type, stored data is displayed on a screen. The user selects certain information aua the reproduced data aua in order to receive a certain answer from the system. Generally chooses the user displays certain data on the screen by pointing to the data and pointing one over the selected data touched the stored sensor. The sensor output then activates a detector, whereupon the system switches to any

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Way.

For example, in a device suitable for teaching purposes, the system could reproduce a question on the screen with a series of possible answers. When seeing the question, the learner points to what is, in his opinion, the correct answer and touches the sensor coupled with this answer. If the answer is correct, the system indicates that the correct answer has been given and then asks the next question with the corresponding answer sentence. However, if the learner has answered the question incorrectly, then the detector output associated with the incorrect answer reports a false indication. This forces the learner to answer correctly before presenting the next question and answer set. In a further application, a question with a number of possible answers is again displayed on the screen. The user selects one of the answers by pointing to it and activates the detector connected to it. The detector output then causes ₃ that the plant is another question and answer set on the screen, ■ however, depends on the answer to the previous question. In this way, a sequence of responses can be created for a

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develop specific user.

In fact, these systems can be used at any time to collect certain data from a larger one Select the data record. This data displayed on the screen can be a selection of headings a table of contents or a selection of graphs representing one of several company departments concerns, included.

In many known systems of this type, each sensor forms part of a capacitor in a detector oscillator, which normally vibrates at a selected frequency. If the user puts his finger in the proximity or on the sensor, then the capacitance in the oscillator is changed, which then the frequency changes. An associated filter network determines whether this new frequency is allowed to pass or not, depending on whether or not the system responds to the presence or absence of a signal. The output of the filter network regulates the further operation of the system. These well-known plants raise the disadvantage that the selection is made by shifting the frequency of one of the many that are always switched on

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Oscillators is determined. Preventing the coupling between the oscillators is very difficult, especially when the system, e.g. B. with many oscillators, a large number of possible answers having. This coupling results in a "pulling along" of oscillators by others, whereby the Identifying a selected oscillator becomes a real problem. By using oscillators with a high quality factor, which cannot be "dragged along" so easily, the problem could possibly be solved will. The frequency shift of the oscillator in question is then lower and the determination the frequency shift then turns out to be more difficult and expensive than desired.

Another known system of this type is contained in U.S. Patent 3,382,588. In this Each sensor forms a capacitor in a section of the capacitance bridge. If the If the user puts his finger near one of the capacitors, the acting one changes The electricity effective of the material in the range of

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Derivation. This changes the capacitance of the sensor and the bridge becomes unbalanced brought. The output of the bridge circuit then operates a related Shyratron, which does the regulates further behavior of the system.

However, this device is not entirely satisfactory because many special, transparent capacitors, are needed on the display screen, which are relatively difficult and expensive to manufacture. In addition, this system requires a considerable number of switching arrangements and special tap changers to do their job.

There are other known systems of this type, but all include one or more of the above described disadvantages.

It is the aim of the invention to provide such to create improved corsetry with a wide range of options.

In addition, a response detector with many options for a playback system should be

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will create which relatively easily and inexpensively from known electrical switching elements is to be established.

It is a further object of the invention _/ a response detector with many choices for a rendering system to create, which operates at a relatively low voltage.

A response detector is also to be created for a playback system that can respond quickly and precisely to the user's answer choice is responsive.

It is another object of the present invention to provide a multi-channel response detector, to avoid interference between the response channels.

Briefly summarized, the system comprises a data processing system, which the to be displayed Saves data. This system controls a playback device, which is a cathode ray tube drives.

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A number of spaced, parallel sensor wires are across part of the tube screen distributed. Each of these wires forms part of an independent detector, the output of which is the other, output display data of the data processing system regulates. Depending on the application, the sensor wires could accommodate a variety of configurations.

On command, the first information group of the data processing system is displayed on a screen. In the system described here, this information group consists of one with possible answers related question. Each answer is spatially attached to the picture tube in such a way that it communicates with someone who is responding to it attached wires meet. By interpreting Dajjuf one of the proverbs is selected and that of the

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Answer associated wire touches. If this occurs, then the detector connected to the wire sends a control signal to the data processing system, whereby a new question and answer set is displayed, which depends on the answer to the previous question. So z. B. the first question is: "Do you smoke?" and has the following possible answers: 1. "No", 2. "Rarely", Y>. "Moderate", and 4. "Strong". If the user touches the wire connected to answer 1, then the output value of the corresponding detector of the data processing system represents a second question with the associated answer set, which relates to the negative answer to the first question. On the other hand, if the user gives the answer four and touches the wire connected to it, the detector of the wire in question sends a control signal to the data processing system, whereupon another question with answer sentence is displayed on the screen, which is from the affirmative answer of the user to the original one Question depends.

Each detector contains a programmable one

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Unijunction transistor oscillator, which will be detailed later is described, whose time-controlled capacitor the body capacitance of the user with includes those between, with the display screen connected wire and the earth is developed.

Usually the transistor is turned off so that it does not oscillate and has no output signal sends from the detector to the data processing system. If the user touches the associated wire, then the resulting capacitance between wire and earth causes the transistor to oscillate, its output being fed to the data processing system as a control signal. Once the user has his finger pulls away from the tube screen, the capacitance is removed from the oscillator circuit and this switches turn off again, so that no more control signal is transmitted to the data processing system.

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Thus, all detectors are normally switched off, so that there is no interference between the various detector outputs. Because the plant is based on an existence or absence of an oscillator signal, and not responds to a frequency shift, it is quite sensitive to the selection made with the pinger. For the same reason, it is not absolutely necessary to share oscillators with a high Q factor and made of high quality components to be used, as was previously the case in these systems. The total cost of the system can therefore be kept low will. Also, each oscillator can operate at very low voltage so that the user is touching it the sensor wires do not get a voltage surge.

An embodiment of the device according to the invention is shown in the drawings, for example, namely show:

Fig. 1, partly in block diagram and partly in normal circuit, a device according to the invention with many selection possibilities, and

2 shows an anode voltage curve of a Unijunfcion transistor,

Fig. 1 shows a data processing device 10, which controls a playback device 12. It contains the well-known digital-to-analog converter and deflection yoke for operating the Cathode ray tube 14.

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A number of spaced, horizontally spaced wires 1 to 4 are across the lower half of the tubular screen 14a attached. Each wire is attached to the outside of the tube whereby it touches a user's finger 16 can be. These wires lead to independent, similar detectors 20a to 20d, of which only the last one in detail is shown. The outputs of the detectors 20a to 20d become the data processing device 10 as independent Control signals used.

The data processing device 10 stores the information to be displayed by the tube 14. In the shown Attachment will this information to data groups, with all data from a question with a number of possible Answers exist. If the device 10 receives the command "start", then the first information group is displayed on the tube screen 14a shown. Like in Big. 1, these indications appear in such a way that the question is on the upper part and the answers can be seen on the lower part of the tube screen. Each answer is also spatially appropriate that one of the wires 1 to 4 is below it. It follows from the example shown that four responses of the question are possible, corresponding to wires 1 to 4.

When reading the question, the user selects one of the possible answers by simply clicking on the answer indicates and _ IP

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touches the corresponding wire. Thus, as shown in FIG. 1, the user points to the bottom answer and touches the wire 4. As a result, the associated detector 20d sends an output signal to the data processing device 10, which causes another question with an answer sentence to appear on the screen Ha from answering the previous question, d _e h "reply Fri 4" results.

However, if the user had pointed to the answer at the top and touched wire 1, then the corresponding one would Detector 20a an output signal to the data processing system 10, which would have displayed a different question with answer set, which related to the selected Answer 1 would refer to. This makes it clear that this appendix supports each of the four question: and answer sentences can represent, depending on the answer to the user's original question.

The same process is followed by a question with answer set repeated so that each new question displayed on the screen 14a depends on the user's answer depends on the previous question, whereby a response sequence is developed for this user

Each detector has an oscillator with a three-terminal, programmable unijunction

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Tranaistor 24. This is a four-layer, planar passivated Component, which was described in detail in a publication of General Electric from November 1967, with the following! Eitel: "Programmable Unijunction Transistor, (PUT)".

The associated sensor wire, e.g. 4, is connected by means of a

Capacitor 35 with an anode 24a of transistor 24, thus

like a bias resistor 26 with a power source) more positive Voltage, such as a battery 28, connected. The transistor cathode 24c is across a load resistor 32 connected to earth. The transistor 24 has a base terminal 24g which is connected to the tap of a voltage divider and which has resistors 34, 36 between battery 28 and earth. The voltage divider network regulates the threshold voltage, in which the diode (anode to base) is forward biased to turn transistor 24 on To switch passage

The output of the oscillator is via the load resistor 32 routed · In the system shown, the output to the data processing device 10 is routed by means of a single-stage transistor amplifier 42, which consists of impedance matching ^ round -Isolation reasons exist «

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Fig. 2 shows the transfer of an anode voltage curve of a unijunction transistor. If there is no time-controlling capacitor in the system according to FIG that is, if the user did not use the sensor wire then the transistor could connect to any of the dotted lines Areas A, B and C are biased. The range depends on that supplied by resistor 26 Bias current from.

It is now assumed that the resistor 26 supplied DC is such that transistor 24 is biased to the range shown by point B. If the time-controlling capacitor is now added, it begins to charge. The one flowing into the capacitor Current leads to a reduction in the flow through the transistor flowing stream. As the timing capacitor charges, the voltage across it increases. This increases the anode voltage increases and the anode current decreases. This state persists within the range with the negative characteristic of transistor 24, and the working point shifts from point B to area A.

If the tent-controlling capacitor is slightly above a minimum value, then it will decrease

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Current through transistor 24 until it turns off. A detailed explanation of the overall operational sequence, and why a minimum capacitance value is needed, is contained in an electrical engineering article of Feb. 1964 entitled: ^M The Unijunction Transistor in Relaxation Circuits' ^1. When the timing capacitor is fully charged, then no more current flows into the capacitor. Instead, the current flows into the transistor 24 and brings it back into the region represented by point B with a negative characteristic, whereby the voltage decreases and the time-controlling capacitor discharges. This process repeats itself so that the transistor operates as a relaxation oscillator until the user pulls his finger away from the selected wire.

When the transistor is biased in area JV or C, then this area is stable, and by adding a capacitor from the anode to earth this stability can be achieved cannot be changed. It should be noted that area B also becomes stable by prestressing, but we are unstable due to an added, time-controlling capacitor.

Also, instead of the known, programmable, necessarily biased unijunction transistor

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also an ordinary tansistor with the required Bias, or virtually any other device, is used within a negative characteristic range will.

To ensure reliable operation, the capacitor 35 should be in series with the sensor wire and the anode 24a be switched. If the capacitor 35 is not used, then the transistor 24 does not oscillate when the user connected to earth and touched the wire. The reason for this lies in a, to the time-controlling capacitor established direct current shunt path so that the charging current of the timing capacitor is routed directly to earth will. For this reason, a capacitor is used in addition and with the sensor wires for reliable operation connected in series to preclude a possible DC shunt path. The capacitor should be big enough so that its influence on the timing capacity is insignificant, i.e. the time-controlling capacitor is now the one connected in series with the body capacitance Capacitor 35 · If the capacitor 35 is too small, then the sensitivity of the detector would decrease.

In various applications, a base capacitor 44, shown by the dashed line, is shunted used with the resistor 36 in addition. Increased

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the amplitude of the original inrush of the

Output signal] / from the detector, indicating the discharge of the capacitance between line 4 and earth,

It can thus be seen that the detectors 20a to 20d are all switched off and do not oscillate until one of the wires 1 to 4 is touched. Therefore, no influences can occur between the outputs of the various detectors, as they occur in the previously known, comparable systems. Also, the fact that the system rather responds to the presence (or absence) of control inputs from the detector 20a to 2oD to the device 1O ₇ than on smaller frequency shifts resulting in a · exact response of the system, which is triggered by the user's touch ·.

Because each detector is a simple "on ** or" off "device has, it can be made from relatively inexpensive parts of medium quality, in comparison to the components high quality with some known detectors. Finally, the detectors 20a to 20d operate at very low levels Voltage, ao that the user touches the sensor wires is not exposed to a blow.

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Claims (1)

FATHER Playback system with many options characterized by a display screen (14a) for displaying data available to a user A number of selection detectors (20a-20d) and a number of are available for selection Sensor wires, which are attached to the screen, connected to various detectors (20a-20d) and are to be touched by the user, further a device (10,12). to a record on the screen so that different data of a data set are recorded by different sensor wires let, and detectors placed so that when the user points to the data selected by him and touches the corresponding wire, its body capacitance causes the associated detector to turn on Sends out a signal that indicates its data selection, while the remaining detectors are in rest position stay. 2. playback system with many choices according to claim 1, characterized in that -19- 009887/1867 the data set has a question and a selection of answers, and a playback device a new question with an answer phrase on the screen (14a) represents that of answering the ucOriginally depends on the question presented. 5 «device according to claim, characterized in that that each detector (20a-20d) has a normally switched-off oscillator, and each wire is connected to the oscillator so that when the user touches the wire, his Body capacity switches on the oscillator, which then sends the output signal, while the remaining oscillators in the system remain switched off. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3 »characterized in that that the oscillator has a unijunction transistor (24). 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that each wire is connected to the anode of the associated Transistor (24) is coupled, and each oscillator ^ output from the cathode (24c) of the Transistor is coming. - 20 009887/186 7 6. Apparatus according to claim 5 # characterized in that that each detector has an amplifier to match the impedance of the associated oscillator to that of the playback device (12) adapt. 7. Device according to Claim 5, characterized in that that each line is coupled to the anode (24A) of the associated transistor (24) by means of a capacitor (35) to ensure a reliable Operation of the oscillator to ensure whether the user's body is electrically: grounded or not. 8. Detector with many answer options, thereby characterized in that it has a display screen (14A), a series of normally idle Oscillator circuitry, as well as a number of sensor wires attached to the screen, which connected to various oscillator circuits so that when a user touches one of the sensor wires, its body capacitance is introduced into the oscillator circuit, which is associated with this sensor, whereby the oscillator circuit sends out an output signal indicating the touched sensor while the remaining oscillators remain in the rest position. - 21 009887/186 7 9. Detector according to claim 8, characterized in that that the display screen (14A) has a face surface a cathode ray tube (14), and the sensors consist of a set of wires that are spatially and at a distance from one another on the tube surface are appropriate. 10. Detector according to claim 8, characterized in that each oscillator circuit has one has four-layer, programmable unijunction transistor (24) with three connections. 11. Detector according to claim 10, characterized in that each sensor in the associated Oscillator circuit is coupled to the anode (24 A) of the transistor (24), and the output of the oscillator circuit comes from the transistor cathode £: 24 c). 12. Detector according to claim 11, characterized in that it also has one in the base circle each transistor (24) has a capacitor (44) inserted there to prevent transients from the transistor increase which by touching the sensor - 22 - 009887/186 7 - 22 ordered transistor (24) arise. 13. Detector according to Claim 11, characterized in that aids (42) for amplifying each Oscillator output are provided. 14. Detector according to claim 11, characterized in that between the sensor and transistor (24) a capacitor (35) is attached. 15 playback device with many options, characterized in that the device comprises a cathode ray tube (14), as well as a series of wires which are spatially attached to the tube surface in such a way that they are from can be touched by a user, further a data processing system (10) for storing data sets, also a playback device (12), which reacts to the output of the data processing system to create a data record on the tube surface so that the selected data corresponds to the. wires located on the tube surface and a number of selected detectors (20 a - 20 d) associated with the various wires - 23 009887/1867 are connected, each detector sending an output signal only when a capacitance is inserted into the detector circuit . When a user points to the data and touches the wire associated with this detector, whereupon the output of the detector goes to the data processing system (10), so that each data record output of the system depends on the data selection of the user of the previous data record. 16. The device according to claim 15 *, characterized in that that each detector (20 a - 20d) has a programmable, four-layer unijunction transistor (24) with 5 terminals inserted in an oscillator circuit, and which only vibrates when a user touches the wire associated with the transistor. 17. Detector circuit, which by touch of a tactile wire reacts to the body capacity of a user, indicated by a so attached wire that is touched by the user - 24 - 009887/1867 will and an oscillator connected to this wire and vibrates only when the user touches this wire. 18. Detector circuit according to claim 17, characterized characterized in that this oscillator comprises a unijunction transistor (24), while the wire is coupled to the anode (24 A) of the transistor, and from the cathode (24 ö) of this transistor Oscillator output is derived. Detector circuit according to Claim 18, characterized in that this wire is coupled to this anode (24 A) by means of a capacitor in order to prevent this detector from failing if the user is earthed. 009887/1867