DE20207855U1 - Holding and adjusting device for solar modules - Google Patents

Description

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Holding and adjusting device for solar modules

The invention relates to a holding and adjustment device for solar modules, collectors, absorbers, reflectors, etc. that can be set up on different surfaces with an adjustable angle of inclination, on roofs of various designs and inclinations of buildings, but also on ground level.

There are many well-known brackets, fastening and tracking devices for collectors, absorbers, reflectors, photovoltaic modules, etc.

The simplest systems are designed so that they are aligned at the optimal angle of inclination and are firmly mounted on a frame in order to capture the maximum amount of solar radiation and thus achieve a favorable level of efficiency of the system over a longer period of time. In our latitudes, these systems are aligned southwards at an angle of inclination of around 45 degrees and are located on house roofs, on specially constructed frames or on the ground.

These devices only allow optimal sunlight to reach the roof at midday, i.e. for about 2 hours. The 45 degree inclination is also only an average value, as in Europe the sun's highest point varies between 18 and 65 degrees above the horizon over the course of the year. Due to the deviation in the angle of incidence of the solar radiation, the efficiency varies considerably over the course of the day and year.

Furthermore, systems of the type mentioned with adjustment devices for adjusting the angle of inclination of solar modules are known, for example, from the utility model DE 89 00

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Ul. Here, a horizontal pipe is attached to the upper end of a vertical column, to which a support frame is attached using pipe clamps, which form the bearing shells. By loosening the clamp screws, the support frame can be rotated on the pipe and thus the inclination of the solar modules can be changed. These are attached to the module carrier using removable clamping devices such as plastic jaws and knurled screws. These devices are very material-intensive and cost-intensive. Permanent tracking according to the current position of the sun is not possible.

An improved electrically operated tracking device for solar modules is disclosed in the utility model DE 88 11 780 Ul. In a compact metal frame made of profile struts, a rotor axis inclined parallel to the earth's axis is mounted twice, to which support profiles for solar elements clamped to it are attached. The rotary movement is controlled by limit switches which switch a servo motor switched on and off by a timer. This device is mounted on roof surfaces facing south using supports, for example. It is structurally and technologically very complex and allows tracking in only one direction. Another tracking device for tracking a collector, absorber, etc. according to the position of the sun with a flat support that can be rotated about a first axis of rotation and a second axis of rotation is known from the utility model DE 200 21 890 Ul. The rotary movement of the support about the first axis of rotation is mechanically coupled to the rotary movement about the second axis of rotation. Tracking in both planes according to the position of the sun is automatic.
This device is also constructive and technologically

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complex and therefore costly. The use for large-scale collector, absorber or photovoltaic systems on the roofs of buildings is also not conceivable for stability reasons.
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The object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and to create a further holding and adjustment device for such systems, which is structurally and technologically stable and can be manufactured and assembled cost-effectively with a greatly simplified design.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the characterizing features of claims 1 to 9.

In the solution according to the invention, the module is integrated into the overall device as a load-bearing element, so that a structural combination is created which is statically equivalent to the previous combinations of substructure and attached module. A support frame for modules is therefore not required, which makes the device structurally and technologically considerably simpler and therefore more cost-effective.

The invention will be explained in more detail below using an embodiment.

In the accompanying drawing, Fig. 1 shows the side view

Fig. 2: the detail "Z"
Fig. 3: another embodiment of the invention

The invention essentially consists of a framed module 2, a bearing block 4, a lower part 3 and a

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Support 7.

On a lower part 3, which can be made of corrosion-resistant material as a plate or in a skeleton construction made of profile material, bearing blocks 4 are detachably attached in a known manner, e.g. by means of a screw connection, preferably in the Halfen profile 3a. In the case of solar systems for roofs, the Halfen profiles 3a can be attached directly to a support device on the roof, whereby no lower part 3 is required. The bearing blocks 4 can be angled or inverted T-shaped. In the vertically upward part, they accommodate an advantageously pressed-in hard metal bolt 5 with bearing pin 5a, which is dimensioned differently depending on the load occurring, e.g. with a reinforced pin.

Modules 2 are pivotably mounted on bearing pins 5a between the bearing blocks 4, creating rows of modules. For this purpose, bearing bushes 6a are advantageously interchangeably fastened in bearing bores 6 in the lower part 3 of the module 2, which is enclosed by a frame. The bearing bushes 6a can be made continuous or with a collar. In another design, the bearing pins 5a are mounted directly in the bearing bores 6. The frame 1 is advantageously a profile frame made of aluminum, stainless steel or galvanized sheet iron and, together with the solar cell carriers connected in cells to form a solar cell surface, forms a stable, torsion-resistant supporting unit, as can be seen in Figure 1 and Figure 3.

Another embodiment of the invention provides for the bearing bushes 6a to be accommodated in mounting brackets 9 or other mountings not shown, which are attached as individual parts to the frame 1, for example by clamping, screwing

connections etc. or are part of an auxiliary support, which are also pivotally mounted on both sides on bearing pins 5a of the bearing blocks 4. At an appropriate distance from the bearing points of the modules, a support is advantageously movably mounted in the middle of their rear sides, which has a beam 8 on its upper part that extends over all modules 2 and on which the modules 2 rest stably. In the case of a one-piece strut, its length is dimensioned such that the modules 2 capture the optimal angle of incidence of the sun. The strut 7 is pivoted by hand accordingly to follow the position of the sun, so that the angle of inclination of the modules 2 is changed.
Complicated versions of the invention use height-adjustable support devices instead of a strut 7 with a fixed length. These can be telescopically extendable, e.g. in conjunction with hydraulic or pneumatic adjustment motors. Mechanically adjustable gears such as two-stroke or scissor gears in conjunction with an actuator with spindle drive also enable the inclination of the modules 2 to be effectively adjusted to the position of the sun. The actuators can be connected to electronic tracking devices.
In the device according to the invention, the module 2 enclosed in the frame 1 is integrated as a load-bearing part into the overall device in such a way that a structural composite is created which is equivalent to known combinations of substructure and fixed module, in which horizontal forces in the direction of the module surfaces are absorbed by the framed modules 2 themselves and vertical forces in the direction of the surface normal are applied by a continuous beam 8 and a support 7 whose effective length is adjustable.

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A part of the movable bearing at the base of the frame 1, namely the bearing bore 6 and the long-term, self-lubricating bearing bush 6a are part of the module 2. Framed modules 2 of different widths and thus different types can be accommodated between the bearing blocks 4 that can be moved longitudinally in the Halfen profiles 3a. This makes the device according to the invention universally applicable.

Claims (9)

1. Holding and adjusting device for solar modules, consisting of a support frame in lightweight construction that can be set up on any surface and an inclinable support frame for collectors, absorbers, reflectors and photovoltaic systems that can track the position of the sun, characterized in that a frame ( 1 ) for solar elements combined to form a module ( 2 ) is combined at its base on both sides with bearing holes ( 6 ) for bearing pins ( 5 a) in their holders of a lower part ( 3 ) displaceable bearing blocks ( 4 ) and a pivot point for a support ( 7 ) located in the upper third to form a statically stable assembly. 2. Holding and adjusting device according to claim 1, characterized in that receiving angles ( 9 ) with bearing bores ( 6 ) or bearing bushes ( 6a ) are fastened to the base of the frame ( 1 ) on both sides. 3. Holding and adjusting device according to claim 1 to 2, characterized in that bearing bushes ( 6a ) are fastened in the bearing bores ( 6 ). 4. Holding and adjusting device according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the bearing blocks ( 4 ) are provided with laterally projecting bearing pins ( 5a ) of pressed-in hard metal bolts ( 5 ). 5. Holding and adjusting device according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the support ( 7 ) is provided with a beam ( 8 ) leading behind all solar modules ( 2 ). 6. Holding and adjusting device according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the support ( 7 ) is adjustable in length. 7. Holding and adjusting device according to claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the support ( 7 ) is extendable pneumohydraulically. 8. Holding and adjusting device according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the support ( 7 ) is a scissor gear provided with an external drive. 9. Holding and adjusting device according to claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the external drive is a servomotor with spindle drive.