DE202009000259U1 - Arrangement for producing a charging contact of fully or partially electrically operated road vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

Arrangement for producing a charging contact of fully or partially electrically operated road vehicles, comprising
a) an electrical contact operatively connected to a power storage of a road vehicle;
b) an electrical contact operatively connected to an external power source;
c) a leading guide, which is designed such that the two electrical contacts are at least laterally aligned with each other, so that it can come to a directed contact between the two contacts;
d) a positioning aid for the road vehicle, which is designed such that the road vehicle is fixable in a direction of travel, wherein the two electrical contacts are so functionally interconnected by entering the fixed position, that a charging contact is formed and the power storage of the road vehicle on the external power source can be charged.

Description

The The present invention relates to the field of charging arrangements a power storage of electrically powered road vehicles.

Of the Share fully or partially electrically operated Vehicles on the entire vehicle population is steadily increasing. A crucial task is the efficient and convenient battery charging. Usually conditional the battery charging a manual connection of the vehicle to an external power source at certain charging locations. Especially for older and handicapped people are such vehicles of increasing importance.

Currently the charging contact between charging station and vehicle is done manually plugged cable connection made. Own electric vehicles currently usually sockets on the vehicle, usually where they are easily accessible by the driver. The driver connects Manually connect the vehicle sockets with the power sockets using a cable or fixed power supply cables at the charging stations.

For the production of charging contacts in fully automated driverless Transport systems that are autonomous and accurate to the charging station Driving special solutions are known as the option of loading over ground contacts. The vehicles can open Reason for their automated tracking and the permanently mounted Charging contacts on their designated routes the charging stations Automated and precise approach and automated contact produce. The connection of the store is then usually through the control of the system.

For Road traffic vehicles are these solutions so not usable.

Of the Invention has the object underlying one or more disadvantages of the prior art to mitigate or avoid.

• a) einen elektrischen Kontakt, der mit einem Stromspeicher eines Straßenfahrzeugs funktional verbunden ist;
• b) einen elektrischen Kontakt, der mit einer externen Stromquelle funktional verbunden ist;
• c) eine vorlaufende Führung, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass die beiden elektrischen Kontakte mindestens lateral aufeinander ausrichtbar sind, sodass es zu einer gerichteten Berührung zwischen beiden Kontakten kommen kann;
• d) eine Positionierhilfe für das Straßenfahrzeug, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass das Straßenfahrzeug in einer Fahrtrichtung fixierbar ist, wobei durch Einfahrt in die fixierte Position die beiden elektrischen Kontakte derart funktional miteinander verbunden werden, dass ein Ladekontakt entsteht und der Stromspeicher des Straßenfahrzeugs über die externe Stromquelle geladen werden kann.

The object is achieved by providing an arrangement for producing a charging contact of fully or partially electrically operated road vehicles, comprising

• a) an electrical contact operatively connected to a power storage of a road vehicle;
• b) an electrical contact operatively connected to an external power source;
• c) a leading guide, which is designed such that the two electrical contacts are at least laterally aligned with each other, so that it can come to a directed contact between the two contacts;
• d) a positioning aid for the road vehicle, which is designed such that the road vehicle is fixable in a direction of travel, wherein the two electrical contacts are so functionally interconnected by entering the fixed position, that a charging contact is formed and the power storage of the road vehicle on the external power source can be charged.

When fully or partially electrically powered road vehicles All vehicles are eligible for use can be admitted on public roads and having electric vehicle and propulsion technologies, like pure electric vehicles and all hybrid variants. These road vehicles have power storage, so batteries or accumulators corresponding Capacity, up and drive at least temporarily or in parallel electric. In particular, it may be the road vehicles to trade cars, vans, trucks, commercial vehicles and / or buses.

In order to charge the power storage of a road vehicle, a charging contact between an electrical contact, which is operatively connected to a power storage of a road vehicle and an electrical contact, which is operatively connected to an external power source made. The term contact is to be understood as meaning an arrangement of electrically conductive materials which, when two such matched contacts are connected, allow a current flow from one contact to another contact, which is suitable for charging a current memory which is functionally connected to one of the contacts provided by a power source operatively connected to the other of the contacts. A contact according to the invention may comprise a plus pole and a minus pole for direct current or poles for alternating or three-phase current and possibly further conductive connections or also an inductive contact. In this case, the electrical contacts of the road vehicle and the external power source are designed so that when forming a charging contact, an electrically conductive connection is formed between the power storage of the road vehicle and the external power source. These can be galvanic or inductive contacts. The contacts may be designed, for example, as plates, loops, plugs or in any other way that allow the formation of a stable charging contact. Preferably, the two contacts are coordinated so that they are in a kind of key-lock relationship, knife-sheath relationship or male-female relationship. They can also be comb-like and / or knife-shaped coordinated. A charging contact between the two contacts can for example be made by the fact that the contacts retract into each other, each other ascend and / or pressed against each other. The force necessary to form a charging contact can be provided, for example, by the movement of the approach of the road vehicle into the positioning aid or directly or indirectly by the vehicle weight. Preferably, at least one contact is brought into a position only by a triggering event, in which the contact is available for the formation of a charging contact. Such an event may be, for example, the movement of the approach of the road vehicle into the positioning aid or directly or indirectly the vehicle weight. By the movement of the approach and directly or indirectly by the vehicle weight, the contacts can be pressed or extended and pressed or extended for retraction or swung out. In a particular variant, the contacts of the road vehicle can be mounted on the vehicle floor and a charging contact can be formed by driving on ground contacts or by retracting / pressing of resilient contact connections. The contacts of the road vehicle can also be mounted forward / frontward, laterally / laterally or backwards / backward on the vehicle in the direction of travel, and a charging contact can be formed by retracting / pressing on resilient contact connections. In particular, the electrical contacts can be designed such that the contacts retract into one another by the movement of the approach of the road vehicle into the positioning aid and / or ascend one another to establish a charging contact.

Around to prevent that when making the charging contact one of Contacts may be damaged, at least one of the contacts (or both) are resiliently mounted, so that a force that a Force that is necessary to form a charging contact, can be caught and not to damage the inventive arrangement leads. Suitable resilient bearings are known in the art.

The inventive arrangement has a leading Leadership, which is designed so that the two electrical contacts at least laterally aligned with each other so that there is a directed contact between both contacts can come. Here is the lead management positioned in the arrangement such that upon entry of the road vehicle in the positioning aid the two contacts automatically, without manual Justification, aligns each other so that a charging contact can be successfully trained. In particular, the leading Guide comprise a protruding mandrel and a funnel, which is configured such that the protruding mandrel in the funnel insertable, with either the funnel or the above Dorn is connected to the road vehicle. A leading one For example, a guide can be funnel-shaped Guide and a protruding insertable therein Spike include. In a particular embodiment, the Alignment (centering) of the two contacts to each other be done that a self-centering guide (eg funnel-shaped Guide, protruding thorn moves in funnel) on the vehicle a spring-mounted contact block of a charging station centered on the solid contact block of a road vehicle and thereby the approach tolerances especially in horizontal, but also in the vertical direction and usually only to a small extent compensated in the remaining degrees of freedom. In another variant of the leading guidance can be the horizontal orientation of the Contacts via a fork-like lateral guide the stationary charging contacts are reached.

Especially The contacts may be in the non-contacted and / or in the contacted Condition protected by cover against contact be. Such a protective cover then only for training removed from the charging contact. In particular, the inventive Arrangement be designed such that the contacts in the current-carrying Condition are covered again. The free sliding / uncovering / unfolding the protective covers of the contacts on the vehicle contacts and at the stationary contacts, for example, from the Movement (approach) can be achieved by force contact.

The inventive arrangement has a positioning aid for the road vehicle thus formed is that the road vehicle can be fixed in one direction of travel is, by entering the fixed position, the two electrical Contacts are so functionally connected to each other that a Charging contact arises and the power storage of the road vehicle over the external power source can be charged. The positioning aid can be formed such that at least one wheel of the road vehicle in a direction forward and possibly backward is fixable, so that the vehicle neither further in the direction of travel, nor can roll back. The positioning aid can at least have a wheel stop, a threshold or a parking barrier. In particular, the positioning aid can easily be crossed over Threshold, which is a wheel stop, another threshold or a parking barrier in a direction of travel of the road vehicle is upstream and is designed such that a wheel of the road vehicle between the easy to cross threshold and the wheel stop, the further threshold or the parking barrier is fixed and thereby rolling back the road vehicle while charging is prevented.

The inventive arrangement may additionally have a device which is designed such that by the approach movement of the road vehicle in the positioning aid one or more of the electrical contacts placed in a position which allows the formation of a charging contact. Especially For example, the device can be configured in such a way that due to the loading pressure a wheel of the road vehicle and / or the vehicle weight at least one electrical contact to form a charging contact is positioned. For example, this device can be a (lever) mechanism that causes by the pressure of a wheel the road vehicle at least one contact extended, swung out, lifted or otherwise in a suitable Position is brought to form a charging contact. This can for example, with a resilient bearing surface mounted on one side be reached before the wheel stop of the positioning aid.

A particular embodiment of the invention Arrangement is characterized by the fact that from the movement of the vehicle made out when starting a charging station of the charging contact is made by approaching by a leading guide the charging contacts at least laterally (horizontally) aligned or centered and the position in the direction of travel by a Wheel stop is fixed.

Especially may be due to the vehicle weight and / or the pressure of a wheel at least one switch is actuated, the release regulates the power supply.

In In another embodiment, the arrangement is designed that only when properly using the positioning aid positioned road vehicle, with correct vehicle contact and with authorized commanding a power on or a Mains contact can be made.

Especially the arrangement according to the invention can be designed in this way be assured that the road vehicle only then can be moved out of the loading position when the power / charging contact previously turned off.

In In another embodiment, the arrangement is designed that an electronic charging interlock ensures that that the vehicle can not start / move, as long as Network contact while still having access to the and unloading the vehicle in the state of charge with the normal vehicle key remains permitted (eg for parallel loading and battery charging until just before the departure!).

The The present invention also encompasses a use of a method according to the invention Arrangement for producing a charging contact of complete or partially electrically powered road vehicles, wherein the road vehicle can be moved autonomously and / or wherein no person is present in the road vehicle for the production of the charging contact is.

The inventive arrangement serves primarily for privately reserved charging stations and for the regular battery charging and the network connection from batteries at the place of residence overnight or during the day at the workplace.

About that In addition, the arrangement for reserved charging stations be used for rental cars or in CarSharing service, but also as a standard solution generally.

The intended compact design of the invention Arrangement offers for charging stations / columns one closed assembly, the electrically by permanently installed cable connected to the wall station. An adjustment of the zero position of the laterally alignable charging contacts allows the adjustment of the geometric Relationships between wheel and arrangement of the charging contacts for the relevant vehicle type.

A Standardization of the dimensions is desirable. A mechanical or electrically controlled adjustment feasible. The wall station manages and controls the power connection, the charging and the power grid connection. So far, the wall stations, the charging cable is removed and with the vehicle socket connected.

The Assembly of the assembly is preferably carried out as Aufbodenmontage, flat on the ground comparable to a bumper in play streets or embedded in the ground or as a pillar in space or with partial wall mounting z. B. at the rear Wall in garage or parking garage.

application indoors: entering the charging station forward or backwards depending on the circumstances at the charging stations in garage, carport, in underground garages, parking garages, etc. In The rule is forward approaching the charging station prefers. In numerous practical cases, however, only Backward starting possible.

application outdoors: driving in charging stations in the public Space in parking lots with principles comparable to the external sockets with covers.

The solution is preferably the quasi-automated charging contact manufacturing ma Approaching by individual drivers, possibly also with the assistance of assistance systems or by automatic starting. By approaching the loading position tolerances are compensated by the device.

The Approach can be general, active driving controlled manually by driver, pushed or pulled by conveyor or over rolling on a sloping plane, at a low speed, similar to rolling into the garage, d. H. the production of the charging contact takes place with the remaining kinetic energy from the movement to a stop, the tolerances of positioning and alignment and the tolerances to different strong starting forces with individual driving style differences be guided by a spring suspension of the contact holder balanced, with a guided suspension and a floating Storage, the lots and the game for centering and the tolerance compensation is achieved and that after loosening the contact the return of the stationary Charging contacts in the middle zero position takes place.

The Protective cover of the contacts on the vehicle and the charging stations are used for protection against splash or rainwater and for the protection of persons, Animals, etc.

The leading centering guide (eg spike tip) can also for pushing away / unfolding protective covers over serves the contacts.

Of the Mains contact is usually during the entire service life persist to efficiently generate low-cost renewable energy Power to load or optional as a mains power storage available to stand.

On the vehicle side is preferably the protected arrangement of the charging contacts suitable for the vehicle floor. The arrangement of integrated sockets frontally or at the rear of the vehicle to the automated described here Ladekontaktherstellung offers low-cost solutions, attacks but strong in vehicle design.

The inventive arrangement is particularly suitable for use in methods described below and Devices.

The Invention will be hereinafter in an embodiment and with reference to the corresponding drawings explained. Show it:

1 Schematic representation of a method for charging fully or partially electrically powered vehicles.

2 Schematic representation of a loading location in relation to the transfer / takeover area.

3 Schematic representation of selected automated charging contacts

4 Production of the charging contact of electrically operated road vehicles

5 Examples of charging contacts of electrically powered road vehicles

6 Example of a positioning aid with a device for positioning a contact

7 Examples of contacts and leading leadership

In 4 exemplified how a charging contact can be made by means of an inventive arrangement. The road vehicle has a power storage and a contact functionally connected thereto. The vehicle contact is arranged at the bottom of the road vehicle. On the floor there is a positioning aid with an easy to cross threshold and a wheel stop, which are mounted so that the road vehicle can be fixed in a desired position. The contact of the external power source is arranged so that a charging contact can be made between the contact of the road vehicle in the fixed position and the contact of the external power source. The charging process can be initiated, for example, by a command from the driver or automatically by a command of the road vehicle.

In 5 By way of example, various embodiments of suitable contacts of the arrangement according to the invention are shown. The contacts can be designed so that they are brought only when needed in a position that allows the formation of a charging contact. This can be z. B. can be achieved by unfolding and / or unfolding. Preferably, at least one of the contacts is sprung mounted to dampen an impact of the two contacts each other in the formation of the charging contact and thus to avoid damage to the arrangement.

In 6 shows by way of example how a positioning aid can be arranged with a device for triggering the formation of a charging contact. The threshold to be traveled in the direction of travel is connected to a switch, which is triggered when a wheel of the road vehicle has reached the fixed position. Such a switch can be used to control the initiation and interruption of a charging process. Between the too overcrowded renden threshold and the fixing wheel stop is a lever mechanism, which, triggered by the achievement of the fixed position by a wheel of the road vehicle, ensures that a contact is brought into a position that allows the formation of a charging contact.

7 shows by way of example how the contacts can be configured together with a leading guide. In each case, a contact and a part of the guide can be structurally connected to each other in the form of a plug or a matching socket. However, the contacts and the leading-edge guide of the arrangement according to the invention can also be present independently of one another, structurally not arranged directly in one another in a common device.

• a) ein Fahrzeug eingesetzt wird, das ausgestattet ist mit:
• i) Sensoren zur Umgebungserfassung, Navigation und Kollisionsvermeidung;
• ii) einer Fahrzeugsteuerung zum selbstgesteuerten Fahren des Fahrzeugs;
• iii) einem Ladesystem zum elektrischen Laden des Fahrzeugs und
• vi) mindestens einem Ladekontakt, der mit mindestens einem Ladekontakt der Ladestation am Ladeort funktional verbindbar ist;
• b) ein Ladeort verwendet wird, der ausgestattet ist mit mindestens einer Ladestation, die mindestens einen Ladekontakt aufweist, der mit einem Ladekontakt eines zu ladenden Fahrzeugs funktional verbindbar ausgestaltet ist;
• c) das Fahrzeug an einem beliebigen Startpunkt in einem Übergabebereich startet;
• d) das Fahrzeug selbstgesteuert einen ausgewählten Ladeort ansteuert;
• e) am ausgewählten Ladeort zwischen dem Fahrzeug und der Ladestation des Ladeortes ein Ladekontakt besteht;
• f) das Fahrzeug selbstgesteuert den Ladeort verlässt und einen ausgewählten Übernahmebereich anfährt.

The invention also relates to a method for automatically charging fully or partially electrically powered vehicles, characterized in that:

• a) a vehicle is used which is equipped with:
• i) sensors for environmental detection, navigation and collision avoidance;
• ii) a vehicle controller for self-propelled driving of the vehicle;
• iii) a charging system for electrically charging the vehicle and
• vi) at least one charging contact, which is functionally connectable with at least one charging contact of the charging station at the charging location;
• b) a loading location is used, which is equipped with at least one charging station, which has at least one charging contact, which is designed to be functionally connectable to a charging contact of a vehicle to be charged;
• c) the vehicle starts at any starting point in a transfer area;
• d) the vehicle automatically controls a selected loading location;
• e) there is a charging contact at the selected charging location between the vehicle and the charging station of the charging location;
• f) the vehicle leaves the loading location on its own and moves to a selected takeover area.

By the inventive method can significantly longer service lives of complete or partial electrically operated vehicles are used to charge perform. The driver needs to load no longer be involved.

The fully or partially electrically powered vehicles, close to modern vehicle and drive technologies, like pure electric vehicles and all hybrid variants, one that uses power storage, Batteries, accumulators of appropriate capacity work and at least temporarily or in parallel electric drive. there For example, cars, vans, trucks, commercial vehicles and / or buses.

The Vehicles have sensors for environmental detection, in particular to determine your own position. Furthermore, the vehicles own Sensors for autonomous vehicle navigation, which are autonomous allow self-propelled driving of the vehicle, as well as sensors for distance and free space measurement, the collision avoidance serve. In addition to different sensor principles are advantageous Camera- and laser-based measuring principles, supported of in-vehicle odometry procedures in the outdoor and indoor area usable, additionally supported in the outdoor area from satellite-based position determination. Appropriate Technologies are known to the person skilled in the art.

The vehicles have a vehicle control which allows an autonomous, self-controlled movement of the vehicle. Such control systems are already known to the skilled person and exemplified in DE 10 2005 029 336 A1 described.

The Vehicles have a charging system for electrical charging of the respective on-board storage system. This charging system is functional connected to charging contacts, which are arranged on the vehicle, that the charging contacts are accessible. The charging contacts are shaped so that they have at least one charging contact of the Charging station at the charging point are functionally connectable and it to a Charging contact comes, the charging of the on-board storage system allowed.

In the method according to the invention, a charging location is used, which is equipped with at least one charging station, which has at least one charging contact, which is designed to be functionally connectable to a charging contact of a vehicle to be charged. The charging contacts are formed so that it comes to a charging contact, which allows the loading of the on-board storage system. The thereby coming charging contact between charging station and vehicle can be designed galvanic or inductive. The charging contact at the charging location can be formed in a punctiform manner at a location or linearly along a travel path or travel path section. The charging contact between vehicle and charging station can be made automatically or on instruction after reaching the charging station. The charging contact can be released automatically after the charging process or on instructions. In particular, the charging contact between the vehicle and the charging station can be produced thereby that the charging contacts of the vehicle are automatically extended during and / or after reaching the charging station and are functionally connected to the charging contacts of the charging station. The charging contact with the vehicle can also be produced automatically by sensorically controlled robotic contacting on the part of the charging station, wherein the charging contact of the vehicle is detected by sensors and the kinematics for contacting is controlled accordingly.

Of the Loading location can be designed to have one or more loading points. or waiting lines. On a loading or waiting line can find several vehicles. The loading line or waiting line is designed so that they have a starting position and an end position has, with the self-controlled vehicle anfährt the approach position, then autonomously self-controlled to the fore vehicle on a first Minimum distance increases and then each so long on sensory Minimum distance to the fore vehicle advances until the end position the line is reached.

in the The method according to the invention can be the vehicle at any starting point in a transfer area start. A transfer area can be any area, located in such a way to the loading location used that the to be loaded Vehicle with autonomous self-controlled drive from the transfer area can reach the selected loading location. The transfer area is a virtually defined area that can vary and may for example depend on the vehicle type and / or state of charge. As a rule, the transfer area is the area in which the driver turns off the vehicle before initiating a charge becomes. In the transfer area, the driver can leave the vehicle. There gives the driver direct control over the vehicle from. Preferably, the transfer area is not simultaneous Loading place.

The The vehicle now autonomously and autonomously controls a selected one Loading location. Systems that perform such a self-propelled drive of a vehicle from a standpoint to a particular destination under use the given road and road conditions and under Avoid collisions and safety hazards allowed, are known in the art. There are sensors of the vehicle for use. In particular, the selection of a loading location, which by the Vehicle is approached self-controlled according to definable criteria respectively. The loading location is preferred according to the loading requirement, determined residence time and / or vehicle parameters.

At the Arrived loading location, the vehicle moves self-controlled in one Charging position relative to the charging station of the charging location, so a charging contact is trained. At the selected loading place exists between the vehicle and the charging station of the charging location a charging contact. It will allow a charge. A charging contact can for example, by driving or starting from the automatic Movement out to be trained. Preferably, the preparation contact for automated conductive or inductive charging of the vehicle by the vehicle, z. B. by the startup on contacts or by extending contacts at the bottom of the Vehicle in the direction of floor area to corresponding punctiform or line-shaped safe conductive or inductive power supply facilities of the charging stations and their Connection to the store. Alternatively, the contact is made for automated conductive or inductive charging of the vehicle by control commands of the charging station at the robotic device at the charging station, the connector or the contact location sensory determined and contact by mechanical motion conductive or inductively manufactured and according to instruction of the control accordingly releases again. With this solution are constructive different charging contacts and different contact locations treatable. On instruction of the vehicle control takes place after the loading process the disconnection and the release of the conductive or inductive Contacts from the charging station.

Of the Charging contact, for example, via a predetermined or an indefinite period of time or on call.

To Solution of the charging contact leaves the vehicle self-controlled loading location and drives autonomously self-controlled a selected transfer area. A takeover area can be any area that is so to the loading location used is located that the loaded vehicle at autonomous self-controlled Drive to reach the selected takeover area can. The basically selectable takeover area is a virtually defined area that can and can vary For example, depending on the vehicle type and / or state of charge. As a rule, the takeover area is the area that the driver sets to receive the vehicle again. The transfer area is preferably not the same loading location.

In the takeover area, the driver can board the vehicle again. There, the driver regains direct control over the vehicle. In particular, after completion of the charging process, after expiry of a predetermined dwell time and / or on the instruction of the driver or a loading system, the vehicle can autonomously leave the loading location and select a selected transfer period drive rich.

The inventive method can be configured be that either the handover area or the takeover area or both the transfer and the transfer area not simultaneous loading site is / are.

Of the Loading location and the used vehicle can each one Communication interface, which is a direct communication and a direct data exchange between vehicle and loading location allowing communication via radio, optical, RFID or the like can be designed. Especially can be the communication interface of the vehicle and the place of loading be configured such that a communication with various Loading locations and / or with different vehicles possible is. In particular, the loading location can have a loading location system and / or the vehicle used comprises a charging assistance system.

In a preferred form of the method according to the invention can the vehicle's electricity storage with consent and in the frame the requirements of the current order also as current buffer be used by network energy by existing charging or existing Power contact a charging location system according to the power availability decides when and how long for each vehicle or uploaded, d. H. whether electricity is taken from the grid or into the grid is fed. The execution takes place over the Vehicle charging control.

• a) eine Sende- und eine Empfangseinheit, die eine Kommunikation mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Ladeassistenzsystem erlaubt;
• b) eine Speichereinheit; und
• c) eine Recheneinheit, die eingehende Daten eines Ladeassistenzsystems erkennt, verrechnet und ein Ergebnis ausgibt, dass in Daten bestehen kann, die an das Ladeassistenzsystem zurückgesendet werden oder an eine Ladestation übermittelt werden.

The present invention also relates to a port system, comprising:

• a) a transmitting and a receiving unit, which allows communication with a charging assistance system according to the invention;
• b) a storage unit; and
• c) a computing unit that recognizes incoming data of a charging assistance system, charges and outputs a result that may consist in data that is returned to the charging assistance system or transmitted to a charging station.

Especially can the charging system according to the invention additionally have a guidance control, which with a vehicle control for self-controlled driving a vehicle to be loaded so functional that can communicate the vehicle to a selected one Loading location is passed.

• a) eine Sende- und eine Empfangseinheit, die eine Kommunikation mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Ladeortsystem erlaubt;
• b) eine Anzeigeeinheit, auf der dem Benutzer Daten optisch und/oder akustisch angezeigt werden;
• c) eine Eingabeeinheit, mit der der Benutzer Daten in das Ladeassistenzsystem eingeben kann;
• d) eine Recheneinheit, die unter Berücksichtigung vorgebbarer Parameter Ladeorte auswählt.

In addition, the invention also relates to a charging assistance system, comprising:

• a) a transmitting and a receiving unit, which allows communication with a Ladeortsystem invention;
• b) a display unit on which the user data is visually and / or acoustically displayed;
• c) an input unit with which the user can enter data into the charging assistance system;
• d) an arithmetic unit which selects loading locations taking into account predefinable parameters.

Especially can the charging assistance system according to the invention, be characterized in that via the input unit a default is adjustable, in particular a time specification to the the vehicle should be at a specified place of takeover and / or a range indication, which after the loading process at least is reachable.

The Loading assistance system according to the invention can be such be configured that a Ladeortsystem vehicle parameters, in particular Vehicle dimensions, type, charging contact type, state of charge and / or desired residence time are communicated.

The The invention also relates to a charging system comprising an inventive Ladeortsystem and an inventive vehicle side Ladeassistenzsystem, the so functionally coordinated are that a direct communication between a site system and a charging assistance system is possible.

The The invention also relates to a vehicle with complete or partial electric drive, comprising an inventive Loading assistance system.

The Finally, the invention also relates to a loading location of the equipped is with at least one charging station that has at least one charging contact having, with a charging contact of a vehicle to be charged is configured functionally connectable and of an inventive Loading system has.

At the request of the driver, the vehicle in the transfer area of a loading location can communicate the charging requirement, the state of charge and the vehicle / charging parameters to the charging point system via the charging assistance system. The loading location system or the charging assistance system can accordingly determine a suitable charging station. The loading location system can then, according to the selection of the loading location, communicate the navigation data to the vehicle, as a prerequisite for the autonomous start of the charging station. In a particular embodiment, by locking the vehicle, the driver can agree to transfer the vehicle control to the control center of the location system. The loading location system then takes over the control of the vehicle and the vehicle is thereby in the autonomous mode. The vehicle can then travel autonomously from the vehicle controller to the charging station determined by the charging system for the vehicle, taking into account the specifications of the pilot control. After loading or after expiry of the residence time or after a call or on the instructions of the control system, the vehicle autonomously leaves the charging station and drives independently to the desired transfer area of the loading location. With takeover by the driver in the transfer area, the loading location system via the main control system exits control of the vehicle control and the vehicle leaves the autonomous mode.

Especially the driver can go to the loading system before or during the transfer a planned, estimated, and / or desired Dwell time and / or a planned takeover date report. By means of this data, the loading location system can start the loading process cost-effective optimization.

The Loading system can be controlled by the control based on the Loading requirements, the requirements, the timing and / or the vehicle parameters and load parameters transmitted by the vehicle a suitable charging station or a waiting station or a Maneuvering or repositioning the vehicle and select optimize the loading process according to the task.

Of the Driver can always have a dialogue with the loading system, preferably via a charging assistance system of the vehicle charging system and / or directly or indirectly, for example via a terminal or a dialog interface in the vicinity of the loading location or via Mobile terminals from any distance to the place of loading.

Of the Driver can use the loading system or directly from the loading assistance system at least the current state of charge or the available Request range.

Of the Driver can change the residence time or takeover time at any time communication with the loading site system and indirectly with the loading assistance system influence and / or change. The loading location system can Set the charging process to it and, especially if it is immediate early recall of the vehicle, the driver over the consequences, for example, about the current state of charge and the available current range, inform.

The Communication interface and the communication protocol of the Charging system between the Ladeortsystem and the charging system of the vehicle They can be designed to be load-independent is, d. h. that the instructions, the data exchange and / or the Commands of the LOC system for each vehicle unique are understandable.

For example is the place of delivery conveyed map information for Every vehicle understands that with it always be able to clearly determine his own vehicle position can communicate with the loading point system and automatically Navigation can use.

Of the Driver can authorize the vehicle control on delivery passed to the loading point system and its leading control, so then the communication and / or any data exchange between the Vehicle control and the loading point system authorized.

To Reaching the charging station, the charging contact can charge the battery the vehicle automatically, by the vehicle charging system and / or by the loading system or at their direction automatically getting produced. The charging contact can automatically after charging be solved again. The charging contact can be galvanic or be designed inductively.

The Vehicle can be taken over by the loading system Safety can be measured, if necessary, differences of the current dimensions to determine the communicated vehicle parameters. It can Sensory be determined, whether persons, living beings or dangerous Goods, insofar as they can be detected by sensory means, in or on the vehicle are located.

The Vehicle control has access to the actuators for steering, Braking, and accelerating, the so-called drive-by-wire technology, which is required for autonomy and assistance functions is. The vehicle control is u. a. for infrastructure planning, control the driving behavior. The vehicle charging system is u. a. for controlling of the store, as well as to control the charging contacts.

The Vehicles are also equipped with a communication system, with transmitting and receiving unit for direct communication with the Loading system equipped.

One Ladeassistenzsystem serves as a human-machine interface in the vehicle the dialogue with the driver, in particular the interactive presentation the vehicle and state of charge, the respective range and the Navigation information and the dialog with the loading site system.

The charging points with charging system include at least one charging station and can loading areas with the adapted to the local conditions arrangements of charging stations and / or loading lines.

The Charging assistance system informs the driver in the vehicle the state of charge and the remaining range of the vehicle. at a long-distance journey, the loading locations are available to the driver with available offered free charging stations along the route. The driver decides based on the information and its needs which charging location to charge the power storage he select wants and receives the navigation information with which he is to a transfer area of the chosen Loading location is performed. Facilities with loading locations, such as Rest areas, shopping centers, etc. can their Position data and loading location data, the map data of the navigation systems provide.

Of the Driver can interact with the vehicle's charging assistance system for optimized loading the estimated length of stay or the desired takeover time, the minimum reach to be loaded and / or determine the desired charging mode. The requirements are activated by the charging assistance system of the vehicle charging system the loading location system communicates.

The Loading system sends a confirmation / offer as feedback. In advance of the place of loading, the offer can be made as a reservation of the charging station be used at the place of loading.

In the transfer area the driver confirms the offer and chooses it the autonomy mode. The autonomy mode starts after exiting in the transfer area with the locking of the vehicle.

The Autonomy starts in the transfer area (entrance with driver - approach the loading location driverless, autonomous) and ends in the transfer area (Driving from the loading point without driver autonomous - exit with driver).

The Loading system sends directional control instructions for autonomous driving to the assigned charging station and the required Navigation data to the vehicle. The main control is the High-level control, the mission control.

The Vehicle starts autonomously along a planned route / trajectory with independent control and autonomous collision avoidance in the direction of the charging station, either directly to the specified charging station or via predetermined intermediate stations, if necessary with conversion and after loading, if necessary via waiting position or waiting loop.

To the desired or updated time hits the vehicle autonomously on the desired transfer area. By opening the vehicle with the key / key / driverident becomes the autonomous Mode ended. The driver takes over the loaded vehicle.

The Optimization of the charging process depends on the degree of expansion the infrastructure of the place of loading, the functionality and Number of available charging stations and demand, d. H. the associated best possible coordination the demand of all vehicles at the place of loading. The optimization in the interest of the customer then represents a quality feature and a marketing argument of the respective loading location.

requirement changes the desired takeover time are over at any time Remote call or on-site via mobile, and / or over the internet or via service terminals etc. possible. These changes may lead to changes the charging process, according to the remaining residence time or the remaining available charging time and lead to calculate the consequences of the changes concerning the expected state of charge and the expected range with appropriate message to the driver in dialogue with request for confirmation. In general, the goal remains that at the time of takeover a full load and thus maximum Range is available.

Of the Driver receives the authorized communication access at handover to the loading point system to query the state of charge and range and if desired, further operating and loading data of your own Vehicle, for changes or reputation of the vehicle. Conversely, the loading site system receives, if desired, the communication access to the mobile terminal of the user for optional completion message of the charging process.

at Premature call, the driver a desired new takeover time pretend that this is feasible. With immediate vehicle call becomes the driver the earliest possible takeover time communicated, d. H. it calculates the time the vehicle is possibly for switching off, undocking and returning to the takeover area This will give the driver the time of arrival in the takeover area calculated. The driver can also change that He at the earliest possible date a desired Range (possibly with appropriate reserve), for example 100 km plus 10%, would like to load, whereupon the loading system if necessary, a fast charge for the differential charge plans and the driver the earliest possible takeover time calculated. If the driver accepts the site system changes the procedure accordingly.

The Design of the charging contacts may differ structurally. A standard for charging systems is desirable but not yet given. Differences result from different ones Functionalities such as fast charging with heavy current, normal shop with household electricity, from different standards, manufacturer standard, constructive arrangements / designs on the vehicle. different Charging contacts on vehicles are treatable on the one hand by universal Charging stations or by assigning specialized charging stations through the loading site system. With the invention automated Solution remains this problem for the driver invisible. Heterogeneous charging systems can be integrated by the charging system. in the Exceptional cases may include special stations with service personnel be useful to treat special cases and incidents.

Of the Power storage of the vehicle can with consent and in the context of Requirements of the current current order also as a cache be used by network energy by existing charging or existing Mains contact the master control of the charging point system according to current availability decides when and how long for each vehicle or uploaded, d. H. whether electricity is taken from the grid or ins Network is fed. The execution takes place over the vehicle charge control.

A Waiting line in the takeover area preferably has a larger one automates organized vehicle clearance to the manual Disengagement of the vehicle after being taken over by the driver facilitate.

The automated provision of the vehicle for takeover by the driver, the pick-up in the desired time window, takes place, for example, by autonomously moving up the vehicles in a transfer line or loop in the takeover area with a distance of the vehicles the comfortable bypassing, getting in, Loading and ultimately manual skipping of the vehicle for relieved the driver. The released gap is from the still waiting vehicles by autonomous movement with this distance, closed again. For long waiting If necessary, vehicles can be contacted by the user and if necessary, a retraction of the vehicle in the waiting loop respectively. It can reset or implement, for example take place in a circular loop of the vehicle.

through The sensor technology is used when approaching and accessing a vehicle its stoppage or its arrest and, consequently, that of the advancing autonomist Vehicles ensured.

Prefers can take over the opening of the vehicle by the driver for takeover from the autonomous mode only in the designated takeover area and in the presence of the authorized driver without third party access usually done only with opening the vehicle Leave the autonomous mode by the driver and switch to manual mode becomes. The driver gets in, loads the vehicle if necessary and driver-controlled leaves the transfer loop, the vehicles provided move up automatically.

By the autonomy of the vehicles and the uniform interface of the Communication between charging and vehicle control and the loading point system with uniform definition of instructions and uniform definition The navigation data are any organizational forms of the loading locations with different handover / takeover and Loading areas and variable arrangement of the charging stations possible. Thus, efficient, optimal conditions are given customizable forms of organization of the shop possible.

The uniform communication interface is independent of charging point, Extendable in your command language with basic commands and understandable for every vehicle, for example Drive to place A; Drive to line B; Make / release charging contact, Etc.

By the automated solution according to the invention is achieved that vehicles themselves dense and space-saving, according to the arrangements of the charging stations with the respectively required minimum safety distance automatically turn off, z. B. in dense lanes with vehicles tight in a row as a block, z. B. 10 lanes a 10 vehicles in a row with linear charging contacts.

Prefers the entire loading logistics can remain hidden from the driver. The Driver-side interfaces and behavioral routines remain the same.

Premature picking up blockwise dense arrangement is carried out automatically by autonomous implementation of the vehicles z. B. over Rangierschleife, comparable to a ring buffer. The vehicle in the first position of the line in question drives the loop and drives close to the last vehicle, the other vehicles follow until the desired vehicle has arrived in the first position of the loading line and can leave them. The following vehicles move up and continue charging. An example arrangement is as a block with Rangierschleife (s) for the autonomous resorting of vehicles in 2 shown. This solution offers high flexibility and efficiency and can be expanded as required.

The vehicles will be based on the loading system according to the loading order and the planned Takeover time logistically pre-sorted. The functional and constructive design of the charging contacts of the respective vehicle requires the choice of the right charging station through the charging point system.

The Invention also allows variable organization by the loading location system to the effect that a fully loaded vehicle if necessary also to a Place without charging station can be implemented, d. H. to have to not necessarily overcapacity at charging stations to be available.

One Vehicle for an urgent fast charge is prioritized charged to the corresponding higher normal rate. A scheduled longer stationary vehicle can save at a lower cost be charged, if necessary, at more remote charging stations or at other loading locations.

Prefers If required, decentralized transfer / transfer locations be arranged distributed near loading locations, z. B. distributed access to shopping centers, d. H. the place of delivery may be different from the takeover location, or he may be from Users can be changed later when the service offered by the loading system and then via the loading system and the lead control is organized.

at Long-distance trips are usually fast full loads of electricity storage on the way, often in places that the Drivers are unfamiliar or unknown, e.g. B. at service areas, Car stations on highways or highways, too Parking garages in cities. The quick charges are required for long-distance travel of pure electric vehicles or desirable and ecologically sensible in hybrid vehicles. The fast loading At a rest stop then takes place for example during a driving break of the driver.

Of the driverless autonomous operation of the vehicle does not count then as driving time but as rest period of the driver.

at Local trips that do not require fast cargoes will be optimized Full loads organized with regard to anticipated planned stay times.

preferred Loading locations are at or near car parks and / or places, at places of residence, at places of work, in inner cities, at shopping centers, restaurants, Sports facilities, recreational facilities, tourist or cultural facilities, park & ride facilities, on public transport of the public Local transport etc.

There the inventive solution is a uniform, variable and Scalable usage allows, advantageously, in the individual private area to be installed a minimal loading system if necessary, several private charging stations managed. In extreme cases the private loading system can also be taken over by the vehicle loading system, if it is, for example, the "home" loading place and store the map information of the loading location in the vehicle loading system becomes. By means of the position data obtained (eg GPS) the map information activated. Using current data from vehicle sensors and their Comparison with the map information, for example, from the transfer area on the doorstep the trajectory to the charging station is calculated and approached autonomously. The card information can be private even with the vehicle sensor system once in the initial manual operation Departure of the route from the usual place of delivery to the selected loading location (transfer transfer area to loading location and charging stations) are stored (taught).

The also includes loading sites with multiple heterogeneous "dense densely arranged charging stations, wherein the spatially separate transfer / takeover areas before the Front door, the lift, in multi-level garages, underground garages, etc. can lie.

For example the driver drives to his front door, gets out, closes the vehicle door driving the vehicle autonomous to the loading site (garage, carport, underground parking, etc.) and loads the vehicle battery overnight. The driver calls or orders the vehicle at the desired time on your doorstep, The vehicle docks in time at the charging station, drives autonomously to the front door, the driver opens the vehicle door and takes over the vehicle.

at other regularly used loading locations must have the Map information is also not necessarily completely transmitted every time become. Changes can then be communicated as an update.

The invention is also suitable for an automated car rental or car sharing service of fully or partially electrically operated vehicles as a simplified and convenient interface between public and private transport, including vehicle ordering (location, transfer area and time) via mobile terminals, providing fully charged electric vehicles in the desired takeover area at exits directly in front of hotels, train stations, airports etc. and finally after individual use return in a transfer area also directly in front of the entrances of the desired destinations without additional shuttle service. Then automated startup of a loading location and preparation for the next user. Waiting at charging station possibly also as a current buffer. In addition, the loading site system can integrate the preparation of the vehicle into the automated process, in particular the regular or sensory-induced washing processes, a robotic cleaning, the automated optical and vehicle inspection.

About that In addition, even with private use at certain loading places through the loading point system beyond the loading process further Service processes in the automated process flow on Load location, such as automated washes, Refueling (eg in hybrid vehicles), goods and unloading in shopping centers, also controlled by the control system, if the site system offers it and if desired by the user becomes.

The inventive method can be used in inner-city freight traffic with complete or partially electrically powered vehicles come. In distribution centers logistics centers or customers with multiple loading ramps The combination of loading and unloading stations, ramps with charging stations in which then the approach of these stations in the same way with is automated.

The inventive method also offers the flexibility for the incorporation of conveyorized automated systems or semi-automated parking facilities / car parks as loading areas of a loading location, especially in inner city Area, with this involvement hidden to the user remains and thus just the previous shortcomings of this automated parking garage technology can be eliminated, especially the rigid "manual" handover, acquisition principles, where congestion and waiting for the driver and others Road users arise. With the inclusion in the invention Automated solution on the one hand, the aforementioned shortcomings eliminates such systems, on the other hand, an appreciation as loading locations in the sense of the invention. The temporal Throughput for the user is improved and waiting times are avoided.

The Integration takes place through the control system, preferably when planned longer shutdown time. In this case are then at the parking spaces Charging contacts for automated contact with the power supply intended. The relevant process sequence (eg: control the conveyor technology) is by the Leitsteuerung in the Integrated whole process.

For the driver is the entire Ladeortorganisation invisible.

In First, it is assumed that the areas in which move the vehicles autonomously, especially the loading areas, for a mixed operation are not provided, since space saving without Driver and without boarding at the charging stations "tight on tight "is automatically docked no reason for mixed operation or autonomous operation in public excluded. In these special areas will be then with this technical solution in addition to the Requirements for compliance with collision avoidance and speed limit during autonomous driving automatically correspondingly larger Safety distances at adequate driving speed guaranteed.

These Variant is particularly advantageous when handover takeover areas the loading locations directly in front of the inputs and outputs of the respective Destinations are placed, for. B. in front of home, hotel, company entrance etc. and thereby at least a short-term autonomous drive in public back to the entrance to the loading areas and after loading he follows. In this case, the transfer takes place in the transfer area a larger clearance around the vehicle secured than in the space-saving organized loading areas. This will be also facilitates getting in and out as well as loading and unloading.

Application example "Autonomous Approaching with driver ":

The driver drives in public transport to his entrance (underground car park, parking garage, vehicle lift, etc.), at his place of residence, place of work, hotel / motel, CarSharing place, car rental service, etc. These are in particular places where personal, private or vehicle assigned charging stations exist and where entry and exit, loading and unloading can be done easily and safely. The entrance is here also the transfer area. The driver starts, for example by driver ID, the autonomous mode. In this case, not by closing the empty vehicle from the outside, but by a command from the driver from the inside. The driver and possibly other passengers remain in the vehicle. The autonomous mode takes control of the vehicle and integrates further automated processes in the autonomous approach, for example opening the gates, barriers, the barrier, call lift, select destination floor, etc. The vehicle navigates autonomously to the charging station, docks , the contacts are closed and the loading is released on the contact side. The driver starts the charging process from his charging assistance system in the vehicle if necessary with desired specifications or with his remote control from the inside or outside. Then the network connection is made for charging and charged according to specification or program the battery or vice versa current from the battery fed into the grid. An immobilizer may be activated while charging. One or more doors can be opened and closed during the charging process, for example for independent loading and unloading, as well as for getting in and out. This allows the vehicle z. B. be loaded in peace before the departure time and parallel the battery charge to take place immediately before the start.

If from the transfer area to the charging station no turning possibility for the vehicle (eg only accessible on one side) Vehicle lift) and / or if a rearward Docking at the charging station is desired, it may be beneficial from the transfer area with an initial one autonomous shunter and then autonomous Reverse drive (eg backward directional retraction into the lift) to drive to the charging station and then after loading and after autonomous drive to takeover area from there with a forward drive in the public To start traffic.

The Solution is beneficial to all users whose Charging stations also exit / entry and / or loading and unloading are in sheltered, secure, covered areas, but which are difficult and uncomfortable to approach manually. It is particularly advantageous for older and / or disabled people and if z. B. the parking space for loading (the Charging station) on the same level with the apartment or right next to it or in the apartment.

If it is even more advantageous to the user in this sense before autonomous docking at the charging station, at one position z. B. with greater freedom or shorter Way to the destination z. B. immediately in front of the apartment door Incoming, alighting, loading or unloading, then can the automated process should be designed such that it serves a purpose Stopover takes place, d. H. autonomous drive with driver from the transfer area (entrance) to the exit and unloading point, autonomous onward journey without driver to the charging station and docking with automated loading, after the Call the shop and drive autonomously without a driver to the entry and loading point, autonomous onward journey with driver to the takeover area (Exit) and assumption of responsibility by the driver.

Particular advantages of the invention

The Advantages of the described arrangement are in the increase the comfort of use and thus in the increase of the acceptance of use of at least partially electrically operated vehicles simplified and quasi-automatic production of the charging contact.

The In particular, the use of electric vehicles is facilitated by Avoiding the difficulty of being regular necessary manual, uncomfortable, annoying and partly "dirty" Connecting and disconnecting the vehicle to charging stations, in principle between every ride reached, both in the passenger car and in the commercial vehicle sector.

The Quasi-automatic production of the charging contact for charging e-vehicles, takes place in particular without additional auxiliary energy, d. H. quasi-automatic docking at charging stations.

One Another advantage is the low-wear guided Centering and suspension of the contacts.

After all the arrangement according to the invention comprises a contact set for e-vehicles, in particular a convenient, inexpensive, retrofittable solution especially for the private area, a lightweight vehicle-side contact set for mounting on the vehicle, and a compact contact sets at the charging station for mounting, for example, in the garage.

The advantages of the solution described lie in the increase in the comfort of use and thus in the increase in the acceptance of use of fully or partially electrically powered vehicles by automated charging processes of electricity storage. This will indirectly accelerate the increase in the share of vehicles based on renewable energies and ultimately achieve a reduction in fossil energy and a reduction in CO ₂ emissions.

The In particular, the use of electric vehicles is facilitated by Avoiding the difficulty of being regular necessary to locate charging stations and the manual uncomfortable, annoying and sometimes "dirty" on and Abkabelns of the vehicle, in principle, between each ride, reaches both in passenger cars as well as commercial vehicles.

By the autonomous function according to the invention is omitted for the driver the regularly time-consuming Looking for a free and matching charging station with appropriate Driving and walking paths and the risky and stressful Docking at charging stations especially in space-saving densities Arrangements of charging stations. Advantage for the driver / user is the achieved stress-free and time-saving.

An important advantage in this context is the avoidance of damage by the automated solution according to the invention. In contrast, when constantly "manually" starting from Charging stations (parking) in tight parking garages either with self-caused damage or with damage in conflict with other road users on vehicles, people or infrastructure expected. This will especially benefit older road users, who are particularly dependent on mobility and who are virtually predestined as users of electrically powered vehicles.

By the invention automatically organized permanent Charging the vehicle batteries at the charging stations on any storage location and therefore the high availability The storage capacity on the network firstly results in a considerable Cost savings for the user due to the usability of surplus Renewable energies (Spartarife, at night especially wind or stored energy during the day solar energy). Second, optional, if allowed by the user, results for him another Benefit and ultimately an economic benefit through the potential of efficient intermediate current storage of energy peaks regenerative Energies and later re-feeding into the network with appropriate remuneration of the feed-in power to the battery / vehicle owner.

Space-saving Use of areas for dormant traffic: Because the vehicle automatically drives to the loading location without a driver Consequently, the vehicle can save space in a narrower space for loading be turned off. The advantage is the saving of traffic areas for the dormant traffic.

Standardized Universal solution with high flexibility Adaptation to any loading locations with variable arrangements of charging stations and the inclusion of variable / heterogeneous charging interfaces.

The The system according to the invention also offers the advantage to include automated or semi-automated parking garage conveyor technology into an automated total solution, thereby achieving their shortcomings of rigid "manual" handover, takeover principles, where traffic jams and waiting times for the driver arise can, eliminate and provide a flexible universal solution to reach.

For Car sharing, and rental car concepts can be combined with the According to the invention automated solution a cost reduction (personnel costs, damage avoidance) and Quality improvement as well as a future- and customer-oriented Reward reaching up to the higher acceptance of public Means of transport by improving the interface between public and individual transport.

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list The documents listed by the applicant have been automated generated and is solely for better information recorded by the reader. The list is not part of the German Patent or utility model application. The DPMA takes over no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102005029336 A1 [0051]

Claims (14)

Arrangement for producing a charging contact fully or partially electrically powered road vehicles, full a) an electrical contact connected to a power storage a road vehicle is functionally connected; b) an electrical contact that is functional with an external power source connected is; c) a leading leadership, such is formed, that the two electrical contacts at least are laterally aligned to each other, so that it is directed to a Contact between both contacts can come; d) a positioning aid for the road vehicle, which is designed such that the road vehicle in a Direction of travel is fixable, being by entering the fixed Position the two electrical contacts so functionally with each other be connected, that a charging contact arises and the power storage of the road vehicle via the external power source can be loaded. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized that the positioning aid is designed such that at least a wheel of the road vehicle in a direction forward and optionally backwards fixable. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning aid at least one Wheel stop, a threshold or a parking barrier has. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the positioning aid is easy to drive over Threshold, which is a wheel stop, another threshold or a parking barrier in a direction of travel of the road vehicle is upstream and is designed such that a wheel of the road vehicle between the easy to cross threshold and the wheel stop, the further threshold or the parking barrier is fixed and a Rolling back the road vehicle while charging is prevented. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the arrangement additionally a Device which is designed such that by the Approach movement of the road vehicle in the positioning aid one or more of the electrical contacts placed in a position which allows the formation of a charging contact. Arrangement according to claim 5, characterized in that in that the device is designed in such a way that due to the loading pressure a wheel of the road vehicle and / or the vehicle weight at least one electrical contact is positioned. Arrangement according to one of claims 5 to 6, characterized in that the device mounted on one side has resilient ride surface, the front of a wheel stop the positioning aid is arranged. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the leading guide a protruding mandrel and a funnel configured in such a way is that the protruding mandrel insertable into the funnel with either the funnel or the protruding mandrel with the Road vehicle is connected. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical contacts designed in such a way are that contacts through the movement of approach of the road vehicle in the positioning help retract one another and / or ascend each other to make a charging contact. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the electrical contacts is stored sprung. Arrangement according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical contacts in the non-contacted and / or in the contacted state protected against contact are. Use of an arrangement according to one of the claims 1 to 11 for making a charging contact of complete or partially electrically powered road vehicles. Use according to claim 12, wherein the road vehicle is moved autonomously. Use according to one of claims 12 or 13, wherein for the production of the charging contact no person in the road vehicle is present.