DE202005019071U1 - Ship constructions - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to ship superstructure (1) comprising several modules, in particular, in the form of crew module (2), bridge module (3) and/or funnel module. Said modules have a compatible modular dimension and are designed to be self-supporting. Furthermore, in the vicinity of the main deck (10) of the ship at least one level (12) is provided with crew modules (2), wherein on this at least one leve (12), the starboard(21) and/or port-side (22) modules are stacked with a free space between the starboard- and port-side modules and the free space is laid out to accommodate load. The invention further relates to a methods for construction of such a ship superstructure (1).

Description

The The invention relates to ship superstructures composed of several modules are. These modules can For example, crew modules, bridge modules or chimney modules be.

constructions On ships are built in a classic way, that first the outer walls of the superstructures be created with retracted decks, comparable to the shell of a house. Subsequently, the interior of the Tween decks performed by drawing in additional walls. in the Following this, the resulting rooms are set up. A connection of the rooms the ship's supply systems are mostly after the intermediate decks in individual rooms were divided. This work can only be done one after the other be, whereby a long total construction time is conditional.

Out DE 196 37 549 is known to build deckhouses from individual modules. Here, the hull, for example, the outer shell of the deckhouse, first manufactured and provided with a support structure of blankets and columns. Subsequently, individual modules are inserted into the hull of the deckhouse. These are then welded to the ceiling and the columns.

Another module-like structure of a deckhouse is in DE 195 17 235 shown. There, an outer housing is first constructed, in which then individual modules are used. Subsequently, the modules are connected to the outer housing. In order to arrange several basic elements one above the other, a stiffening of the individual layers of the basic elements is necessary in this construction. In addition, stiffening carriers are arranged within the housing.

A similar construction will be in DE 197 07 217 described. In this case, prefabricated chamber modules are inserted into a shell, wherein the individual chamber modules are differently dimensioned individual modules.

Another construction of a modular deckhouse, which can be made without shingles, is out DE 299 07 386 U1 known.

These Cabins or ship superstructures extend as conventionally manufactured Ship superstructures over the entire width of a ship. This is with passenger ships mostly desired, as possible to be able to accommodate many cabins. This is different for ships intended for transport, for example Container ships. There it is desirable preferably to be able to accommodate a lot of cargo on the ship.

Of the Invention has for its object to provide ship structures, which are flexibly adaptable to different types of ships and the the potential loading area effektivieren.

The Task is inventively by ship superstructures solved with the features of claim 1.

Therefore it is envisaged that the modules have a compatible modular dimension and are designed self-supporting. Next is in the area of the main deck of the ship depending on demand at least one, in particular continuous level, with crew modules intended. Here are on starboard and / or port side on the at least one, in particular continuous level, Besat tion modules with free space between starboard and port modules stacked, with the free distance for receiving charge, in particular of containers or general cargo, is designed.

Further advantageous embodiments are in the dependent claims specified.

One The basic idea of the invention is, through the use of modules, which have a mutually compatible modular dimension, ship superstructures extremely flexible to be able to build from standardized components. This results, for example the advantage that the modules already during the manufacture of the hull separately can be produced. Subsequently can the modules then, as soon as the main deck fitted on the hull is to be put on this deck. This allows the construction time of a ship can be significantly reduced, since the superstructures at the same time with the hull can be produced. Likewise, the for the final Assembly of the superstructures needed Time reduced.

By the use of standardized modules in the same way can be used on other ships and ship types the production of the modules take place in a larger series, whereby Production costs can be reduced.

One Another basic idea of the invention is that the abutments are not Continuous from starboard to port on all decks or levels but rather on the starboard side on the port side or on both sides, to provide tower-like structures. These tower or columnar For example, superstructures can be used out of each other consist of stacked modules. For this purpose, crew modules are preferred used, since this is the largest part make up the modules used.

Between The tower-like structures thus results in a space that used can be to cargo, especially containers or general cargo, too place. This creates, among other things, the advantage that more additional loading capacity is created on a container ship, often not necessary is to build the deckhouse continuously from port to starboard. However, additional charging capacities increase the economy of such a ship.

By This construction of the superstructures can save a lot of weight about 34% to 58% compared Conventional design can be achieved. There is also a cost savings of about 42% compared to conventional superstructures.

The Crew modules are preferred as living modules, community, Economic or supply modules trained. By the standardized Use of crew modules for different applications For example, the outer shell of the Module manufactured as standard and only in interior design then becomes, depending on the respective end position in the ship superstructures and the use, the appropriate interior work performed. For interior fitting, it is possible to use those used in the module Supply lines for Electricity, water, air conditioning or the like installed ready to connect, so that when assembling the individual modules only with the next Line must be coupled.

Around the possible load area of the ship is to enlarge it is beneficial if stackable cargo on the crew modules is. This also allows the space above the crew modules for the transport of goods be used. in principle the charge can be in any form. It is advantageous if it is available in the form of standardized transport containers. But it is also possible General cargo, for example in for that provided hollow modules, which have a compatible modular dimension, to transport. For The transport of liquids can be special Tank modules be provided.

In a preferred embodiment the individual modules are detachably connected to each other. This is for example, it is possible while the maintenance of the ship specifically to exchange individual modules. This may become necessary if the facilities in a module are defective or new regulations require additional equipment. To the One can, by the targeted replacement of the modules maintenance time can be reduced, since a module replacement are carried out much faster can be considered the expansion, respectively the repair of individual in the modules of installed equipment. On the other hand, this makes it possible the ship to new uses or routes easy vote.

Especially It is advantageous if in the at least one, in particular continuous Level, community and / or supply rooms. These Rooms can also be provided as special modules. The continuous level connects the two tower-like structures starboard and port side. Due to the advantageous arrangement of common areas and / or supply rooms in the continuous level is a supply, for example, with Electricity or fresh water of the two tower-like constructions especially easy and effective to reach. Also, the arrangement of common areas, such as for example, the galley, in the continuous level has the advantage of being this community used rooms Both tower-like structures are easy to reach. Besides that is through the common areas the possibility given, between the tower-like constructions simply too switch.

At the Structure of the structures are preferably provided special support modules. These support modules can a skeletal Have construction that is particularly weight-saving. Prefers The support modules are used to carry the bridge, the chimney or provided by parts of these structures. Likewise, it is possible within of the support modules Supply stairs for the vertical connection of Provide decks.

By the extra Use of support modules will provide increased flexibility in construction, for example the bridge or the chimney. Due to the scaffold-like construction can be clear Weight, as opposed to a full module design, can be saved what positively on the total weight and thus on the fuel consumption of the ship or the maximum possible payload elevated.

Basically, the Chimneys in conventional Way with the superstructures. Is particularly advantageous but it, if special chimney modules are provided. In which these chimney modules may consist of supporting modules, in the hollow tubes are embedded or clamped. These hollow pipes then serve for the discharge of exhaust gases or exhaust air. Likewise, other tubes for the supply of fresh air for the machines or the air conditioning system can be provided. The in the support modules used pipes can also for additional Stiffening of the modules are used. By such a construction In turn, the weight of the ship can be reduced.

It is also possible in the support modules too addition to the chimney assemblies, for example, provide supply lines or stairs.

at usual deckhouses forms the bridge the upper end and sits directly on the corpus of the deckhouse. In egg ner preferred embodiment is provided that the bridge is mounted on crew modules and / or support modules.

By putting on the bridge, for example, on the crew model is before and / or below the bridge created a module-free space. It is particularly advantageous if this room is also designed to hold cargo. hereby can the cargo area and thus the loading capacity of a ship further increased become. The design for receiving charge can be, for example executed in style be provided that appropriate holders for common container sizes are.

Especially It is advantageous if the height level for the bridge dependent of ship data and ship types is selectable. Possible data here are the maximum load capacity, the maximum loading height or the length of the ship. Of course you can too several data and parameters interact. In this context It is advantageous if the height level the bridge by supporting modules and / or bridge modules is technically adaptable. Such an adaptation can, for example be done by the fact that on the crew modules additional support modules be built up and only on the support modules in a sufficient Height the bridge is placed. It is also conceivable, the bridge only on support modules Position, centered on the transverse axis of the ship in a sufficient amount extend. The flexible adjustment of the height level enables the modules be used on different types of ships as the superstructures can be easily adapted to the specific environmental conditions.

A especially big Freedom in the positioning of the superstructures arises when the individual modules ship type specific, especially on the main deck of the ship, integrated, partially separated or separately positionable are. This gives the possibility the individual modules separated from each other at the corresponding preferred Place to place. So it may, for example, from supply establish be good, the crew modules in the middle area of the ship whereas the bridge is more machine-oriented could be positioned in the rear area.

By the wide range of applications of the individual modules can do this independently prefabricated by ship type, reducing the number of production of the individual modules increases. This will in turn be the total cost of a module, so that such a ship structure more economical becomes. Naturally can also several structures on a ship by the construction according to the invention be realized. Also a combination of a classic deckhouse, for example, as a substructure, with the modules as a superstructure is possible.

It has proven to be beneficial when the crew modules longitudinal seen forming a substantially U-shaped arrangement of the ship. hereby is it possible, that most crew modules, especially those with cabins, a natural one Have daylight access.

To the others can be stacked in the interior of the U charge. By the lower part of the U, the two tower-like structures are particularly simple to connect and separate tracts, for example, for officers and crew, to create.

Especially it is preferred if the charge is compatible with the modules Module has. This offers the advantage that, provided charge on the superstructure modules is stacked, no additional Adapter devices or the like are necessary to make a fit and / or attachment of the charge chen ermögli. It is also because of this for example, possible the modules during of construction with conventional container cranes to transport to the ship.

For receiving the supply lines, it is advantageous if the stacked Modules form a double bottom. The connection of the individual already in the module existing supply lines, for example for fresh water / service water, Power or air conditioning is extra by the double bottom just possible.

The Invention will now be described with reference to exemplary embodiments and schematic Drawings closer explained. In these drawings show:

1 a side view of a portion of a container ship with structures and containers according to the invention;

2 a view from aft on the constructions 1 ;

3 a sectional top view of the continuous plane of the abutments 1 ;

4 a sectional top view of an upper level of the structures after 1 ; and

5 a partial side view of separately arranged structures of a ship.

1 shows a side view of starboard on a part of a container ship with structures according to the invention 1 , The superstructures 1 start in the example shown here on the main deck 10 , But it is also possible, the superstructures 1 below the main deck 10 or to start above it. In the illustrated embodiment has been completely dispensed with conventional structures. However, it is possible to combine the structures according to the invention with conventional structures, for example, to set up the modules on them.

In the view after 1 are crew modules 2 , the bridge module 3 , several support modules 4 and a supply tract 11 pictured, the same from crew modules 2 can be constructed. To get off the crew modules 2 an access to the bridge 3 to allow, is located in the support modules 4 an access staircase 9 , In the case shown here is the access staircase 9 designed as an external staircase. A disguised version of this staircase 9 but it is also possible.

On the upper deck of the bridge 3 are radar and navigation devices 7 as well as antennas 8th intended. These on the bridge modules 3 arranged devices can also be prefabricated as modules, for example as an antenna container 51 and on the bridge modules 3 be put on. In the modules for the bridge 3 The facilities for ship and machine monitoring as well as the navigation and communication equipment may already be provided. The integration of communication and nautical equipment into the prefabricated modules eliminates the need for time-consuming interior work. For example, an antenna container 51 used, so can on the bridge modules 3 already connections for the antenna container 51 be provided.

By using multiple support modules 4 can the height of the bridge 3 be adapted to the type of ship according to the length or maximum load height. The sufficient height of the bridge allows the minimum 225 ° round visibility required in shipping traffic.

On the crew modules 2 are in front of the support modules 4 Container 6 stacked. By the possibility of container 6 on the crew modules 2 To stack, creates another loading and transport area, which increases the overall transport capacity of the container ship. Since, in such a use, the modules, in this case the crew modules, have to take on additional weight due to the load, it is necessary to design the crew modules accordingly sufficiently stable with a sufficiently high load-bearing capacity.

The dashed lines on the crew modules 2 mark the double bottom 13 which arises when assembling several crew modules on top of each other. In this double floor supply lines or the like can be laid, or in the various modules 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 be provided. The lowest level of the crew modules 2 forms the continuous plane 12 that are right on the main deck 10 seated. In principle, there are several continuous levels 12 possible. On the other hand is a continuous level 12 for the inventive construction of the structures 1 not mandatory.

It is also conceivable the continuous level 12 in a conventional manner directly on the main deck 10 build. For example, crew modules would then be on this conventional construction 2 stacked.

In 2 is a view from aft on the constructions 1 shown. The continuous level 12 is in this figure through the supply tract 11 obscured, so that from the crew modules 2 formed U-shape is not completely visible. Furthermore, the two tower-like structures 21 . 22 on the starboard and port side from crew modules 2 shown. As already in 1 described on the crew modules 2 additional containers 6 be stacked. The bridge modules 3 are on support modules 4 and chimney modules 5 placed.

The chimney or exhaust duct modules 5 For example, in the framework-like support modules 4 clamped chimney or exhaust pipe assemblies 43 consist. There are also other support modules 4 provided to the bridge 3 both port and starboard side to the side of the ship's side 14 to stick out. The bridge can also be put on the crew modules. Likewise, it is conceivable between the crew modules and the bridge support modules 4 to adjust the height of the bridge to the ship's characteristics.

In 3 is a cutaway top view of the solid plane 12 of the superstructures 1 to 1 shown. It shows the "floor plan" of this level. As well as in 1 be pictured the constructions 1 both forward and aft of containers 6 framed. In the lower continuous level 12 are preferred 31 , Economic 32 and supply rooms 33 , which are provided in appropriate special modules. You can also use stairs and lifts 34 be provided to pass in the above and below the continuous plane 12 to get to lying decks.

The supply rooms 33 serve eg for energy supply, fresh water supply, service water supply and / or sanitation. The vertical connection of the individual decks can also be taken into account. The horizontal connection of the individual modules or rooms is due to the double floors 13 realized. In addition to the passage of various supply systems can in the supply rooms 33 also the ent speaking production or disposal facilities or tanks, for example, for fresh water, be present. The economic areas shown here 32 represent, for example, rooms for provisions and catering, in particular the kitchen and associated pantries. Examples of common rooms 31 are officer or team fairs. At this level, for example, the ship's office, the laundry or rooms for pilots can be located.

In 4 again is a sectional top view of an upper level of the superstructures 1 to 1 shown. In this level are located in the space between the starboard side and the port side towers of the crew modules container 6 , The inventive arrangement of the structures 1 With additional loading capacities, for example, about a hundred additional containers can be transported on the container ship shown in detail.

A way of looking through the division of crew modules 2 into two separate tracts is, for example, these tracts into a residential tract for the teams 41 and a residential wing for the officers 42 to break down. At this level, other common rooms may be provided. It is also conceivable to provide a section for additional passengers.

As Shown in this figure, the size of two officer's cabin exactly the size of three Crew cabins. As a result, the individual modules with each other kept in a compatible module size, which mainly during construction standardized components can be used. Which is between individual Modules forming contact surfaces and spaces, for example foamed become. Thus, the sound and heat insulation is improved.

From this figure can be further removed, such as by clamping chimney assemblies 43 in support modules 4 chimney modules 5 can arise. There is also the possibility of other supply lines in the support modules 4 to clamp, and so allow the vertical supply.

The supply tract 11 also consists of crew modules 2 , In it are located next to the integrated chimney modules 5 also premises for additional vertical access and for the supply of the bridge 3 , Here, for example, stairs, pipes, cables, elevators or lines can be provided for the air conditioning.

In contrast to the previously described structures 1 In which the different modules have been integrated with each other, a separable or partially separated use of the individual modules is also possible. This is shown schematically in 5 shown. Here, the individual modules for crew 2 , for the bridge 3 and for the chimney (s) 5 separately on the main deck 10 built up. The bridge module 3 will turn from support modules 4 carried. On the bridge module 3 is an antenna container in this figure 51 shown. By using antenna containers 51 can also builds on the bridge modules 3 be standardized and thus speed up the construction. By the possibility of the individual modules 2 . 3 . 4 and 5 Used separately, the modules can be used particularly well on different types of ships, which greatly extends the application possibilities.

The Ship structures according to the invention offer Thus, a simple and flexible concept to the construction of Shorten and shorten ship constructions for additional load capacity to accomplish.

Claims (13)

Ship superstructures ( 1 ) with - several modules, in particular as crew modules ( 2 ), as a bridge module ( 3 ) and / or as a chimney module, wherein - the modules have a compatible modular dimension and - are designed to be self-supporting, - with in the region of the main deck ( 10 ) of the vessel, at least one, in particular continuous, level ( 12 ) with crew modules ( 2 ), - with starboard and / or port side on the at least one, in particular continuous, level ( 12 ) Crew modules ( 2 ) with free space between starboard ( 21 ) and port side ( 22 ) Modules are stacked, and - the free distance for receiving charge, esp particular of containers ( 6 ) and / or general cargo is designed. Ship superstructure according to claim 1, characterized in that the crew modules ( 2 ) as housing modules, Community 31 ), Economic ( 32 ) or supply modules ( 33 ) are formed. Ship superstructure according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on the crew modules ( 2 ) Charge ( 6 ) is stackable. Ship superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the modules ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 ) are detachably connected to each other. Ship superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that in the at least one, in particular continuous plane ( 12 ) Community ( 31 ) and / or supply modules ( 33 ) are provided. Ship superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that support modules ( 4 ), in particular of a framework-like construction, are provided and that the support modules ( 4 ) for carrying the bridge ( 3 ), the chimney ( 43 ) and / or parts of these structures and / or for the integrated reception of stairs ( 9 . 34 ) are provided. Ship superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that chimney modules ( 5 ), the support modules ( 4 ) into which the chimney ( 43 ) or parts of the chimney ( 43 ), in particular clamped / are. Ship superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bridge ( 3 ) on crew modules ( 2 ) and / or support modules ( 4 ) and that module-free space in front of and / or below the bridge ( 3 ) for receiving charge ( 6 ) is designed. Ship superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the height level for the bridge ( 3 ) depending on the maximum carrying capacity and / or loading height of the ship, and that the height level of the bridge ( 3 ) by support modules ( 4 ) and / or bridge modules ( 3 ) is structurally adaptable. Ship superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the crew modules ( 2 ), the bridge module (s) ( 3 ) and / or the chimney module (s) ( 5 ), especially on the main deck ( 10 ) of the ship integrated, partially separated or separated are positioned. Ship superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the crew modules ( 2 ) seen in the longitudinal direction of the ship, form a substantially U-shaped arrangement. Ship superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the load, in particular as a container ( 6 ) or general cargo, one with the modules ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 ) has a compatible module dimension. Ship superstructure according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that stacked modules ( 2 . 3 . 4 . 5 ) a double bottom ( 13 ), in particular for supply lines.