DE19941799A1 - Continuous surface miner for mineral raw materials in sedimentary layers has three-track running gear connected by substructure frame with steering actuator, and superstructure with drive, cutter, and loading conveyor - Google Patents

Abstract

The surface miner has a three-track running gear with two front pendulum-type tracks (2), parallel to each other in direction of mining, and a similar steerable rear track (4). The tracks are connected via a frame-like substructure (1), with support on the rear track being via turning forks (5) with revolving joint (6), and an actuator (7) to generate a steering movement between rear track and substructure. The substructure carries a superstructure (8) in a three-point support, formed by a support ball (9) and two linear adjusting cylinders (10). A drive container (17) with cab (18) and a cutter roller module (15) are carried on the superstructure. A discharge conveyor (16) extends between module and front tracks toward the back, and has a loading arm (13) with loading conveyor (14) connected to it.

Description

The invention relates to the structural design of a continuously working, self-propelled opencast mining equipment used in the international Technical literature is also referred to as a surface miner, with a cylindrical extraction organ for the precise selective extraction in sedimented layers of mineral raw materials. she is but can also be used to uncover mineral deposits. Such a trained device can with different geological conditions be used economically.

Open-pit mining equipment with a cylindrical mining organ for selective extraction of those occurring in sedimented layers mineral raw materials work according to different mining methods. They essentially depend on the maneuverability of the device and on his type and performance of extraction. Therefore, for the constructive Building such a device the training and operation of the Extraction body, the type of chassis and the arrangement of the Extraction body for this chassis as well as the achievable Extraction performance very important. The performance of such The device is determined by the cutting height, the cutting width and the Feed rate determined. The feed rate is the Driving speed of the device. As the speed of the Wear of a device grows proportionally, it is important for that Coordinating relevant parameters well.

From the magazine "Braunkohle, Surface Mining" 49 (1997) No. 2, pp. 123-128 two ways of arranging the cylindrical extraction organs in the Relationship to the chassis known: the central and the front Arrangement on the device frame. The central arrangement is the roller-shaped extraction organs whose arrangement between the front  and rear caterpillars of the chassis and as a frontal arrangement of them Understand the shift in the direction of travel and dismantling in front of the chassis. A first version with a central arrangement is according to the prospectus "Easi-Miner®, Model 1224, Continuous Surface Miner" from Huron, USA and the patents according to US 4,536,037 and US 4,690,461. The Opencast mining device is equipped with a 4-crawler chassis, whereby the caterpillars arranged in front of the mining organ are steerable and those behind arranged caterpillars are not steerable. The trained as a milling drum The extraction organ is located between the front and rear caterpillars. The loosened material is transferred from the undercut milling drum Thrown conveyor belt, conveyed there and from this to a Hand over the loading conveyor. The front pair of crawlers of the undercarriage moves normally on the subgrade to be removed, while the rear A pair of caterpillars moved on the freshly removed formation. The device is working parallel to an already removed block, a front moves Single caterpillar of the pair of caterpillars on the upper formation right next to the vertically sloping edge. If larger cutting heights are achieved, then if the surface is loose, this will cause the edge to break off and to Lower the caterpillar. In the event of unevenness on the material to be removed Planum, for example, by trenches to derive the Surface water is like driving on a straight plane this is necessary for an exact selective extraction of sedimented layers can not. The device configuration with the central arrangement of the Milling drum allows safe and precise steering To perform extraction work also in corner operation. After a block from Is mined from the beginning to the end of the area of the deposit, that is Device turned again and extraction work in the opposite Direction. During this change of direction in tight The milling drum can take corners between the rear and front Caterpillars do not do any extraction work.

A similar one, also constructed with a central arrangement of the milling drum Opencast mining device is from the patents according to DE 35 04 610 C2  and DE 35 09 671 C2 known. Devices built according to this basic principle are also with a three caterpillar undercarriage in front of the Extraction organ and two caterpillars behind it known (literature source: Brochure No. 25-21.01.0392, year 1992 "Wirtgen 2600 SM" from Wirtgen).

The advantages and disadvantages of using these devices are as described above.

The two aforementioned opencast mining devices are relative for mining designed thin layers and therefore have to drive faster to get a to achieve effective delivery performance. That is why they are for loading the material obtained on trucks especially and for one Belt loading via a moving belt wagon is only suitable to a limited extent.

According to the patents DE 39 20 011 C3 and DE 40 17 107 A1 is a another opencast mining device with a central arrangement of the roller-shaped extraction organ known. The main difference to The known solutions described above is that at a symmetrical arrangement of the extraction organ between the Caterpillar groups and the specific training of the milling tools in two work done in opposite directions can be. This does not mean turning at the end of a mining block required. Due to the steerability of all crawlers of the undercarriage, the device is easy to maneuver and can also be used when cornering Do extraction work. At the ends of each mining block are enough Shorter discharge ramps in relation to the devices described above out. Since the caterpillar group in the direction of travel is always on the top planum to be removed, arise with regard to breaking off the edge in the direction of the lower, already removed soil and the same disadvantages for possible bumps on this upper level as described above. A specific disadvantage of this device is that complicated conveying of the cut material in a horizontal direction out of the milling drum. The open pit mining device can handle the material in layers that are relatively thick compared to the two aforementioned devices dismantle, it can drive accordingly slowly and it is suitable for that  material obtained via a belt wagon or a belt bridge on a To give stope tape.

All opencast mining equipment with an arrangement of chassis parts before the winning body, like the three described above basically the disadvantage that they are at the ends of a a block of material to be removed does not contain any residual material can remove. This residual material must therefore be in a special company be dismantled.

That from the magazine "Braunkohle, Surface Mining" 49 (1997) No. 2, pp. 123-128 known opencast mining device with the frontal arrangement of the roller-shaped extraction organ is with a 2-crawler chassis equipped. This can be turned on the spot at the end of a mining block become. It is also possible with this chassis arrangement to have curve radii Size are driven, but high chain hoists always occur because the inner caterpillar always has a braking force and the outer caterpillar the normal propulsive force and additionally the braking force of the caterpillar on the inside of the curve must overcome. Therefore, the arrangement requires a high installed one Performance and causes high chassis wear. The device is behind the Extraction organ with a dozer blade and a blade Supplementary device provided for loosened but not completely absorbed Level material to be conveyed on the carriageway and secure position of the device an increased front load when loosening and picking up the To ensure goods to be conveyed. This increases the required Propulsive force. The device has a relatively large removal height because of it with its receiving organ to about two thirds of its diameter with the Can be well connected, it drives accordingly slowly and can place the material to be conveyed on a string belt.

The invention has for its object a mining equipment for a wide range of applications for the precise selective extraction of in sedimented layers of mineral raw materials, the Mining of bowl-shaped deposits in curve operation, one  complete dismantling of the material at the end of the rung and for a quick To create turns when changing the winning direction. Furthermore should the opencast mining device in relation to the aforementioned devices mine relatively thick layers of one meter and more to reach the projected performance accordingly slow and that cut goods either on trucks or via an intermediate conveyor can give up a stope tape.

This object is achieved in that the opencast mining device after assemblies adapted to the main claim with this area of application is equipped and these assemblies are arranged to each other so that when used to accomplish this task an optimal Device configuration is reached.

The opencast mining device consists of the main components

• - Base with chassis
• - superstructure
• - Milling drum module
• - trigger tape
• - Loading boom with loading belt
• - drive container
• - driver's cab

The chassis is a classic 3-crawler chassis, consisting of three identical pendulum crawlers. The two in the winning direction Pendulum crawlers are parallel to each other on both sides of the device of the device floor plan. The third steerable crawler track is located at the other end of the device in the middle. The substructure connects the three crawler tracks of the chassis together. The support of the Substructure on the undercarriage is determined statically, the rear Support on the steerable pendulum caterpillar with a rotating fork Ball slewing ring is provided. For steering the pendulum caterpillar at least one between the rotary fork and the base Actuator provided. When cornering arise in the Chains of the crawler tracks do not have high chain tensile forces. You are with the  approximately two front caterpillars in the inner and outer radius equal. As a result, the chassis is correspondingly low-wear.

The superstructure is the supporting structure for the other assemblies. In his rear area it is for the suspension and relocation of the Loading boom designed. In the front area is the Connection for the milling drum module. Between his two outer ones The take-off belt is moved along side members. The drive container and the The driver's cab is located on the superstructure. The superstructure itself is open the substructure in the area of the rear pendulum caterpillar via a support ball and supported by two adjustment cylinders in the area of the front crawler tracks, the centering or compensating movement over two outer Slideways are carried out. The adjusting cylinders can be used simultaneously or individually can be controlled and thus longitudinal and transverse inclinations of the superstructure adjust or compensate. This is how the superstructure becomes a ramp Front raised or lowered on both sides to initiate a bank on the other hand, both adjustment cylinders are turned out or retracted.

The milling drum module includes the milling drum with the milling tools a cross frame and a receiving chute. The cross frame is in front screwed to the superstructure below. The milling drum is stored and driven on both sides. For this purpose there is a drive on each side arranged within the milling drum and on the one hand with the cross member and on the other hand connected to the milling drum. The bearings of the exit of the Drives are also the bearings of the milling drum. The cutting direction of the Milling drum is undershot, so that the clods and break up Dust formation can be avoided. The cut material is made by the Milling tools pulled backwards and simultaneously by a one or Multi-course spiral arrangement of the milling tools and guide and Carrier plates transported inwards towards the center of the device and up the thinner belt compared to the milling drum width thrown. The Pick-up chutes have the task of transversely transporting the conveyed material through the milling drum spirals on the one hand and the conveyance of goods to the  On the other hand, trigger tape. The type of milling cutter, its number and their spiral arrangement in connection with guide and Driving plates are determined so that a chunk size in one certain area, a safe cross transport of the conveyed goods achieved and a lateral discharge of conveyed goods can be minimized.

The trigger belt starts directly behind the intake chute of the Milling drum module and is between the front pendulum tracks by the Superstructure up to the handover in the rear area of the device on the loading conveyor guided.

The loading boom can be swiveled, raised and lowered. He can do that given goods either on trucks or on a stope belt become. Due to the large cross section, the Working speed low. It is therefore basically possible with one Belt car that optimally has the same chassis as that Opencast mining equipment should have a ride with this and about that Loading belt of the opencast mining device continuously feeds the material deliver a conveyor system.

By using a 3-crawler chassis and the arrangement of the Milling drum in front of this undercarriage is the opencast mining device special maneuverable and almost all mining areas can be accessed. Driving the open pit extraction device while extracting work on fresh cut formation is associated with the advantage that the chassis always moving on a level road.

Further details and advantages of the subject matter of the invention result from the following description and the associated drawings, in which a preferred embodiment of an open pit mining device with a three-crawler chassis and one in front of it in the winning direction arranged winning body is shown. Show it:  

Fig. 1 is a side view of the open-cast mining winning machine,

Fig. 2, the open pit mining apparatus of FIG. 1 in a perspective representation,

Fig. 3 shows the substructure with the three crawler track and

Fig. 4, the milling drum with its support frame.

In the drawings according to FIGS. 1 and 2, the assemblies of the opencast mining device and their arrangement to one another are shown in their entirety. The lower module is shown in FIG. 3 from the substructure 1 with the landing gear. The undercarriage is a three-crawler undercarriage with three driven structurally identical pendulum crawlers 2 , 3 and 4 , of which the two pendulum crawlers 2 and 3 , which are at the front in the direction of extraction, are arranged parallel to one another and the third pendulum caterpillar 4, on the other hand, is located in the direction of extraction at the rear part of the device, centered on the track of the front pendulum caterpillars 2 and 3 is located. The substructure 1 is designed as a frame and is supported in a statically determined manner on the three crawler tracks 2 , 3 and 4 , the rear support on the third crawler track 4 being carried out via a rotary fork 5 with a rotary connection 6 , preferably in the form of a rotary ball connection. To generate a steering movement, a linear actuating element 7 designed as a pair of hydraulic cylinders is provided between the rotary fork 5 and the substructure 1 .

The superstructure 8 as a further assembly is designed according to FIGS. 1 and 2 as a solid wall construction with two side members. It is supported centrally on the substructure 1 in the area of the rear crawler track 4 via a support ball 9 and on both sides in the area of the front crawler tracks 2 and 3 via two adjusting cylinders 10 , the centering or the compensating movement being arranged on both sides by slide guides, consisting of arcuate, on Upper structure 8 attached sliding blocks 11 and sliding rails 12 arranged on the lower structure 1 and aligned with these sliding blocks 11 .

In the rear area, the superstructure 8 is designed for the suspension and displacement of the loading boom 13 with the loading belt 14 . The connection for the assembly unit 15 is located in the front area. The withdrawal belt 16 is shifted between the two main walls of the superstructure 8 . On the superstructure 8 , the drive container 17 is arranged with the driver's cab 18 attached.

The assembly extraction member 15 consists of FIG. 4 from the milling drum 15 a c with the milling tools 15, the stable transverse frame 15 b and the takeup 15 d.

The function of the opencast mining device is described as follows:
The milling drum 15 a, the take-off belt 16 , the loading belt 14 and the three-crawler undercarriage are set in motion via the drives. The direction of rotation 19 of the milling drum 15 a and the direction of travel 20 of the device in the extraction work are indicated by arrows. The milling drum 15 a works undershot and releases the material from the ground with its milling tools 15 c. The loosened material to be conveyed is transferred via a feed chute to take-off belt 16 and from there onto loading belt 14 . From the loading belt 14 , the material to be conveyed is either transferred directly to trucks or to a belt system via a belt car.
The setting or changing the cutting height of the milling drum 15 a is effected via the two adjusting cylinders 10 .
The entire process is controlled from the driver's cab 18 .

Due to the arrangement of the milling drum 15 a in front of the three-crawler undercarriage, it always travels on a clean, freshly cut flat surface, so that natural bumps or trenches created to drain off the surface water do not disturb the feed movement. Another advantage of this concept is that the device can move back easily, dismantle corners well and also open up kettle-shaped bearings in a circular feed direction. Through the jointly and separately possible actuation of the adjusting cylinder 10 , the milling drum 15 a can be adjusted in its longitudinal axis with respect to the ground, and longitudinal and transverse inclinations of the superstructure 8 can be compensated for or deliberately brought about. The milling drum can thus be moved into the excavation area at different lateral inclinations of the starting level and the desired cutting plane until the intended cutting height is reached. To initiate a ramp, the superstructure 8 is raised or lowered on both sides at the front, but to initiate a transverse inclination, both adjusting cylinders 10 are extended or retracted in opposite directions.

The opencast mining device is easy to steer thanks to the three crawler tracks. On the crawler tracks 2 , 3 and 4 there are no high chain tensile forces when cornering. It is therefore low-wear.

The arrangement of the milling drum module 15 in front of the chassis at the front under the superstructure 8 of the device and the design of the fastening as a releasable fastening allow the milling drum module 15 to be dismantled as a special unit or to be exchanged for another.

Reference numerals

1

Substructure

2nd

front pendulum caterpillar

3rd

front pendulum caterpillar

4th

rear steerable crawler track

5

Rotary fork

6

Slewing ring

7

Actuator / hydraulic cylinder

8th

Superstructure

9

Support ball

10th

Adjustment cylinder

11

Sliding block

12th

Slide rail

13

Loading boom

14

Loading conveyor

15

Milling drum module consisting of

15

a Milling drum

15

b cross frame

15

c Milling tool

15

d Recording chute

16

Trigger tape

17th

Drive container

18th

Cab

19th

Direction of rotation of the milling drum

20th

Direction of travel of the device during extraction work

Claims (1)

1. Opencast mining device, consisting of a trolley, a device frame, a milling drum ( 15 a) rotating about a horizontal axis of rotation at right angles to the direction of travel and extending over the entire width of the device, a subsequent discharge belt ( 16 ) in the conveying direction, a loading belt arranged downstream of this ( 14 ) and drive units for self-sufficient operation of the device, characterized by the combination of the features known per se:

• - The undercarriage is a three-crawler undercarriage with two front pendulum tracks ( 2 , 3 ) arranged parallel to one another in the direction of extraction and a rear steerable pendulum track ( 4 ),
• - The three crawler tracks ( 2 , 3 and 4 ) of the crawler track are connected to each other in a statically determined three-point support by a frame-shaped substructure ( 1 ), the rear support on the steerable crawler track ( 4 ) using a rotary fork ( 5 ) with a rotary connection ( 6 ) and an actuating element ( 7 ) is provided to generate a steering movement between the pendulum crawler ( 4 ) and the substructure ( 1 ),
• - On the substructure ( 1 ) a superstructure ( 8 ) is arranged in a three-point support, the one support point above the steerable pendulum crawler ( 4 ) by a support ball ( 9 ) and the two other supports in the area of the two front crawler tracks ( 2 and 3 ) are formed by two independently actuable linear adjustment cylinders ( 10 ) and two outer sliding guides are provided for centering and compensating movement of the superstructure ( 8 ) compared to the substructure ( 1 ),
• - On the superstructure ( 8 ) a drive container ( 17 ) with a driver's cab ( 18 ) is arranged,
• - The milling drum module ( 15 ) is arranged under the superstructure ( 8 ) in the front area in front of the three-crawler undercarriage as the extraction element,
• - The take-off belt ( 16 ) is guided by the milling drum module ( 15 ) between the front pendulum crawlers ( 2 and 3 ) through the superstructure ( 8 ) to the rear device area and
• - In terms of conveyor technology, the loading boom ( 13 ) with the loading belt ( 14 ) is arranged on the superstructure ( 8 ) so that it can be pivoted and adjusted in height.