DE19913647B4 - Method and device for the continuous production of knitted / sewn muilti-axial scrims from several layers of threads - Google Patents

Abstract

A process for producing multi-axial layers of threads, in which several layers of threads with different thread orientations are deposited in one machine to form a continuously moving layer and after all layers have been deposited, are knitted / sewn in a knitting font, characterized in that the Placing all layers of knitting and sewing process in the direction of movement of the scrim is preceded by at least one further knitting and sewing process in a further knitting font, with adding at least one further layer of threads between two knitting fonts and / or knitting / sewing only over a first partial area the working width of the machine in the first active font in the direction of movement of the fabric and over a second partial area in the second active font in the direction of movement of the fabric, the second partial area essentially corresponding to the working width of the machine minus the first partial area.

Description

The invention relates to a method for the production of multi-axial lay-up of threads, in one machine several layers of threads with different thread orientation to form a continuous moved moving scrim and after discarding all layers in an active font is forfeited / sewn be, according to the preamble of Claim 1.

The invention also relates to a Device for the continuous production of multi-axial fabrics a defined working width with at least one thread layer Thread orientations that can be set as desired, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1, which is modular and on each side the working width at least one longitudinal conveyor with transport pins attached to it or transport hook, at least one weft insertion system and thread guide or Has offset rake, which is arranged outside the longitudinal conveyor are, according to the generic term of claim 6.

Methods and devices of this type go for example from the DE 33 43 048 C2 and the DE 195 21 946 A1 as known. After that, all layers of threads are first applied to a scrim and then knitted or sewn in a single knitting pattern. A fleece or a non-textile cell structure can also be added to the thread layers. Furthermore, in the two known methods and devices, a layer with so-called standing threads is optionally provided, ie threads that run in the direction of movement of the scrim, that is to say as a zero-degree thread layer. The zero-degree thread position should be between the other thread layers ( DE 33 43 048 C2 ) or on the top or bottom of the scrim ( DE 195 21 946 A1 ) be arranged.

In the case of the so-called multi-axial knitwear, there is basically the desire to configure the individual layers as desired with regard to their orientation of the threads and then to fix them in such a way that the threads of a layer, which are arranged essentially unidirectionally, for example, are prevented. This is important because the individual layers of the scrim, which are also referred to as laminate layers, are laminated to one another for many purposes, for example by means of a polymer resin, in a subsequent operation. That is, for example, in the EP 0 361 795 B1 described. In the resulting fiber composite components, the laminate layers should be arranged as exactly as possible in the desired manner in accordance with the stress.

Scrim with thread layers made from standing threads, which after the state of the art at any point of the scrim, can in practice, however, are not of sufficient quality. the reason for that is the standing threads not evenly distributed when forfeited able if they are not shortly before any of them take effect Way led or are fixed. The standing threads slip namely, if the rest Thread layers are applied and the scrim is fed to the knitting font. An arrangement of the standing threads as the top and thus the last layer of the scrim is only useful in individual cases.

Use cases are known become an arrangement of thread layers with zero degree thread orientation even in the middle of several layers is urgently needed. So far, this has been achieved by laying fabrics in one first operation were generated, in a second on a separate one Machine performed Work step once again, for example, has already been turned over scrim produced in the first process are fed and then in a third operation was forfeited or connected by sewing. This is described for example in WO 98/10128.

The risk of a thread layer already applied slips, especially applies to the zero-degree thread layers, is fundamental also for the remaining Thread layers given, the oblique, vertical or in another direction to the direction of movement of the scrim run. Until the thread cords are forfeited, the individual are Threads not fixed in their exact position and direction and can therefore slip.

This disadvantage is compounded by that reinforces that for very large ones Working widths of the scrim can sag. Although in the area the weft insertion systems are usually provided with a scrim support. However, this only extends to the area in front of the warp knitting machine or active font, which is subordinate to the weft insertion systems is. In the area between the end of the clutch support and the clutch can sag immediately in front of the active font. hereby can Thread lanes form, which adversely affects the quality of the finished scrim affected.

Are from the prior art no method and no device known in which continuously and reliable a fixation of the thread sheets of the individual layers even with large working widths guaranteed is. The clutch with the known methods mentioned at the beginning and devices are manufactured, the highest quality standards cannot fulfill. According to the prior art, the use of several machines is an alternative or the transition on several operations required.

From the DE 33 43 450 C2 it is known to first produce an intermediate product by depositing a layer of threads and fixing them by means of longitudinal rows of stitches. This intermediate Certificate is then further processed by z. B. changed the inclined position of the thread coulter, but above all the entire weft warp knitted fabric is doubled by stacking two independent webs of the intermediate product. The two webs are in turn connected to one another by means of a separate top weave, the stitch loops of which are shorter and whose division is finer than is the case with the stitches of the intermediate product.

The DE 33 39 205 A1 deals with the production of a textile structure with oblique layers of thread. After all thread layers have been laid down, they are fixed by sewing. This textile structure then forms an intermediate product which can be connected to other layers of thread or fabric by a further process of sewing or sewing.

The DE 43 09 990 A1 has the object of producing a large-volume nonwoven with surfaces consolidated on both sides. A device with needles to form fiber loops is used to solidify the two surfaces. The needles penetrate into the surface area of the side of the nonwoven to be consolidated, where they grip the elementary fibers of the nonwoven and form them into fiber meshes.

In contrast, the invention is the Task based on the method and the device of the beginning first-mentioned kind with the aim of improving that in a continuous Operation and in a single machine with a large working width Multi-axial fabrics can be produced without thread lanes, even if zero-degree thread layers are arranged at any point on the scrim.

This task is accomplished through a process with the features according to claim 1 and by a device with the features according to claim 6 solved. Appropriate further training are in the respective dependent claims Are defined.

The method according to the invention thus exists in that in a method according to the preamble of the claim 1 the knitting and sewing process after all layers have been removed in the direction of movement of the scrim at least one further and sewing process is connected upstream in another active font, at least with adding another location of threads between two active fonts and / or with forcing / sewing only over one first part of the working width of the machine in the direction of movement of the clutch of the first active font and over a second partial area in the second effective font in the direction of movement of the scrim, whereby the second section essentially the working width of the machine minus the first section corresponds.

The teaching according to the invention initially consists in a general rule: it is continuous in one machine first at least one layer, preferably a number of layers by means of a first effective font fixes what a forfeiting / sewing of at least one layer by means of at least one in the working direction the machine behind the first active font Active font connects. This general teaching is implemented in two concrete forms, which can also be done together.

According to the first of the claims Alternatives included are a first number of layers and at least one further layer, which of the goods after the first knitting supplied will, then forfeited / sewn together in a continuous operation or by sewing together connected.

A major advantage of this first The alternative is that the several are arranged one behind the other Effective fonts ensure that essentially immediately after Put down the individual thread sheets of the respective layer with layers that have already been deposited or already fixed, so that the individual thread cords slide or shift or individual threads a position is avoided until the same is fixed. If part of the scrim, the layers of which already exist by means of a first knitting font are connected, is provided with further layers, at least achieved that the already fixed part of the fabric slip-resistant is arranged so that when sewing / knitting or sewing further the additional applied to the already fixed layers of the scrim These were also reliably connected become.

The second of the alternatives specified in claim 1 is that one of the first and the second active fonts the clutch just over fixed a first part of the working width of the machine, what a fixation of the scrim by means of the others of the first and second active focusses over a second part of their Working width connects where the second part of the working width is essentially the total working width minus the first part of it. The significant advantage of this Alternative of the invention is that sagging of the Non-woven fabrics reliably avoided in the area before the last active font becomes. By namely in the previous active font, forcing / sewing only via one. first part of the working width of the machine can be done in the rest Part of the machine the clutch is still supported. In the subsequent The active font is moved accordingly: It is now the one already verwirktelvernähte Partial area supported, while the rest Part of the working width is now subject to forfeiting / sewing.

Depending on the requirements of the individual case As already mentioned, both alternatives can be carried out simultaneously. In this way, the above-mentioned object is advantageously achieved by the interaction of all the specified method steps. In simple cases, however, each of the two measures alone can suffice.

Preferably at least one Position stored with zero-degree thread orientation. This zero degree thread position can be stored in the lay-up as a layer in any order of the layers. Especially with the zero-degree thread layers, the advantages of the inventive method particularly clear, so that the standing threads reliably prevent slipping is, even with any arrangement in the clutch.

According to a development of the invention several zero-degree thread layers between the layers and / or outside of layers with thread orientations other than zero degrees arranged and fixed. It is thus possible to use the so-called zero degree thread layers anywhere in the order of the layers of the scrim to arrange and thus any kind of desired properties of the reinforcement scrim to achieve.

According to a development of the invention the first and the second active font independently or coupled driven and controlled to each other. This ensures a high degree of flexibility.

According to another training the threads of the invention of the individual layers stored according to the demands and by means of the active fonts essentially immediately after the arrangement as Fixed position. This means that preferred thread directions do not exist and that the threads deposited in accordance with the stress are to be used later Component can be stored in any shape. You will be using the active fonts essentially immediately after the arrangement of the individual Position fixed and therefore have in the finished component after Laminate the one you want Location appropriate to the demands.

The device according to the invention consists in that the device according to the preamble of Claim 6 according to the characterizing part of this claim has at least two active focusses arranged one after the other in the working direction, which is the at least one thread layer deposited in front of the active fonts fix immediately after they are put down and / or each covering only part of the working width, but the Effect fonts regarding their range of action is complementary cover the full working width.

With the device according to the invention is it possible any arrangement of thread sheets in one layer of the scrim to fix essentially immediately after dropping them, so that in the direction of transport of the device until further layers are fixed on an already fixed part of the clutch, moving the individual thread groups is largely avoided. So that with such a device, products achieved the highest quality requirements suffice. Corresponding the first alternative already described using the procedure With the first active font, a number of layers can be realized / sewn and is then at least by means of the second active font after supply of a further location, the number of which has already been forfeited at least partially Layers can be realized / sewn with the at least one layer. This therefore happens continuously on one machine and during the passage of goods through the machine in one operation, because both active fonts are parallel work as soon as the goods pass through the machine.

In addition, arranging one behind the other ensures of at least two active fonts in the device accordingly the second alternative specified in claim 6, the possibility that size Working widths are manageable, for example in one The first active font is interrupted once in the middle and on this interrupted point of the active font a support device is provided. However, it is also possible to spread across the working width several support facilities to provide, in which case the respective active fonts also multiple times can be interrupted. The active fonts cover only part of the working width from. This support device prevents sagging of the individual thread layers or the scrim, in the support area a further effective font is provided behind the first effective font which also fixes the area not yet fixed.

This avoids the formation of needle lanes. This carries also to achieve the highest quality standards with the device according to the invention manufactured goods.

The support facility can be as conveyor belt-like Element be formed, in which one at the support point touching the goods Belt is driven essentially revolving so that it is essentially the conveying speed corresponds to the goods. The belt can have needle-like carriers, to ensure that the goods are transported at the support point.

According to an advantageous embodiment the device according to the invention show the active fonts laying bars, needle bars, slide bars and tee bars. these can either completely over each the entire working width is sufficient or staggered one after the other be arranged so that the widths of the individual active fonts add up to the total width of the fabric.

The weft insertion system of the device is preferably designed as a first module and is the device for feeding standing threads plus The active font is designed as a second module, wherein the device can each have a plurality of such first and second modules. In particular, at least one first module and at least two second modules are preferably provided.

According to a development of the device according to the invention transfers the bar the working width is a stepped part, but is otherwise trained throughout. The needle bar, slide bar and tee bar are in the area of the device for preventing sagging Thread layers interrupted, preferably in the area of the device one piece each of needle bar, slide bar and tee bar as a second knitting font is formed and by a separate combined needle-slide gear is driven. The part set off from the bar is preferred can be driven / controlled directly from the bar by means of a drive mechanism.

Further advantages, features and possible applications The invention will now be described using exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached Drawings explained in detail. It demonstrate:

1a a classic multiaxial machine with three weft insertion devices and a downstream warp knitting machine or knitting needle contour;

1b a classic multiaxial machine with four weft insertion devices and a subsequent standing thread feeder plus warp knitting machine;

2 a multiaxial machine in modular design with four weft insertion devices and a standing thread feeder plus warp knitting machine;

3a a multiaxial machine according to the invention, in each of which a standing thread feeder plus warp knitting machine is arranged between weft insertion devices;

3b a multiaxial machine with two knitting needle contours arranged one behind the other, each of which extends over part of the working width and is used for non-crimp fabrics of larger widths;

4 a COPCENTRA multiaxial machine of the Liba type, which has five weft insertion systems and a downstream warp knitting machine;

5 a schematic representation of a biaxial knit fabric with 90 ° weft insertion and standing threads;

6a a side view of a biaxial woven fabric shown in principle; 6b a plan view of a biaxial woven fabric;

7 a multi-axial knitted fabric with six thread systems and a non-woven layer at the bottom and a zero-degree thread layer on the top of the fabric;

8th the arrangement of two active fonts arranged one behind the other in the working direction; and

9 the top view of fabric made with two successively arranged active fonts.

In 1a is a well-known classic multiaxial machine shown in principle. According to the embodiment shown, this multiaxial machine has three weft insertion systems arranged one behind the other. In order to avoid sagging of the scrim or the layers of the scrim, a scrim support is provided in the area of the weft insertion systems. However, this scrim support only extends to the area in front of the warp knitting machine or knitting needle contour, which is arranged downstream of the weft insertion systems. The finished fixed fabric runs out of the warp knitting machine or knitting needle contour. The disadvantage of this known multiaxial machine is that sagging of the goods can occur in the area between the end of the scrim support in the area of the weft insertion systems and the direct knitting needle contour. This sagging can lead to lane formation, which adversely affects the quality of the finished scrim.

In 1b Another known multiaxial machine is shown in principle. According to this illustration, this known multiaxial machine has four weft insertion systems, which are energetically connected to the standing thread feeder plus warp knitting machine downstream of these weft insertion systems. The disadvantage of such an arrangement is that standing threads can only be provided on the top or bottom of the scrim. However, for certain qualities and certain requirements in terms of a stress-oriented arrangement of the threads or thread orientations in the individual layers, it is also necessary for thread layers with thread degrees with zero-degree thread orientation (standing threads) between thread layers, for example with 45 °, 90 ° and -45 ° ) to be ordered. However, this is with the in 1b shown arrangement not possible.

In 2 a multi-axial machine of a newer type is shown in a basic representation, which is of modular construction. In this known multiaxial machine, four weft insertion systems are arranged as independent modules in energy independence in front of a further module comprising a standing thread feeder and a warp knitting machine. In terms of signal, the individual modules are connected to the module of the stand-up thread feed of the warp knitting machine. Such a modular structure creates significant simplifications with regard to the general structure of the machine; however, the known machine also only allows standing threads to be arranged on the top or bottom of a scrim.

In 3a is a multia according to the invention Xial machine shown, in which the weft insertion systems and the standing thread feed plus warp knitting machine or knitting font are each designed as modules. In this multiaxial machine according to the invention, two modules in the form of the weft insertion systems are connected upstream of a module in the form of the standing thread feeder and warp knitting machine, which is followed by another module "weft insertion system" and then another module "standing thread feeding plus knitting font or warp knitting machine". With such an arrangement of a second module "standing thread feed plus warp knitting machine or knitting font" between weft insertion systems, it is possible to have a high degree of flexibility with regard to the arrangement of the zero-degree thread layers (standing threads) between the layers of conventional thread orientation, for example 45 °, 90 ° , -45 ° or 60 ° In addition, it is of course also possible to arrange the standing threads on the top or bottom of the scrim.

The arrangement of the second module "standing thread feeding plus Warp knitting machine or knitting font "between individual modules also ensures" weft insertion system " the advantage that the thread layers already deposited are fixed and when it is transported further towards another weft insertion system, with which another layer or more layers on the already fixed part of the clutch, and finally down to another standing thread feeder with the warp knitting machine or warp knitting no longer slip or can no longer move. In order to a lane formation is shifted by slipping sideways Threads one or several layers largely avoided and thus the highest quality standards of Goods reached.

3b shows a further embodiment of the multiaxial machine according to the invention, which is particularly suitable for larger widths of the scrim to be produced. This embodiment has three weft insertion systems, which are followed by two warp knitting machines or knitting needle contours. Since the scrim support is provided in the entire area of the weft insertion systems and at least also below the first knitting needle contour up to the second knitting needle contour, sagging of the scrim or the individual layers is largely avoided, so that even large widths can be realized without forming an aisle. In order to ensure a reliable fixation of the thread layers in the area of the support as well, a second knitting needle contour is connected downstream of the first, which can extend over the entire width or only encompasses a partial area of the total width of the scrim in the area of the support.

In 4 a COPCENTRA multiaxial machine in Liba design is shown, in which four weft insertion systems are provided for realizing different thread orientations of the respective layers, which is followed by a warp knitting machine 13 including the warp thread feeder. This arrangement is known per se. According to the invention, modules which consist of a standing thread feeder and knitting font are either arranged one behind the other or even between the respective weft insertion systems, which in this 4 is not shown. Analogous to that in 4 Multiaxial machine shown are the threads for the weft insertion systems from a creel 1 for weft threads of bobbins 2 over thread brakes 3 the respective weft insertion systems 5 to 8th supplied, by means of which including the longitudinal conveyor transport chains 4 Thread orientations between -45 ° and 90 ° can be realized. There are active elements on the active font 10 intended. Immediately before entering the knitting font, like this in 4 is shown, a fleece feed 11 . 12 be provided, which is also fixed in the scrim or with the individual layers of the scrim. It is possible to use both a fleece feeder 11 above as well as a fleece feeder 12 to be provided below. The real, the active elements 10 the warp knitting machine 13 fixes the individual layers to each other so that sewn / knitted or sewn goods 14 a reel of goods 15 is fed. The one immediately in front of the warp knitting machine 13 Stand-up threads (threads with zero-degree thread orientation) are fed via the warp knitting machine 13 via standing thread feed rollers 19 fed. The warp knitting machine 13 also has warp threads supplied by warp beams 17 . 18 on.

5 shows a basic representation of a biaxial knitted fabric, which consists of threads inserted by means of a 90 ° weft insertion system in the form of a lower layer and a layer consisting of standing threads with zero-degree thread orientation. This means that this biaxial knitted fabric has two layers of threads with preferred thread directions arranged at 90 ° to one another.

In contrast to the biaxial knitted fabric according to 5 , in which the two layers are fixed to each other by interlocking, is in the in 6a and 6b The biaxial woven fabric shown fixes the individual threads, which also run in a 90 ° arrangement to one another, by the weft threads overflowing or underflowing the warp threads, so that this is possible in 6a shown image results in the side view. In particular in the production of thick fabrics, where several weft threads are inserted into a compartment next to one another, problems arise in the binding of the individual threads. Multi-layered woven goods of this type cannot be produced by means of weaving technology, but at most by superimposing interwoven layers of goods, which can then be connected to one another in a manner known per se by knitting, sewing or sewing, so that several separate work steps are required required are.

Finally in 7 a multi-axial knitted fabric with six thread systems and a flow layer arranged below. The individual threads of the respective layers lying next to one another each have different thread preferred directions, the zero-degree thread orientation being arranged as the top layer. With a method or a device of the invention, however, it is also possible to arrange such layers with zero-degree thread orientations between the layers with, for example, -45 ° and 90 ° or between 90 ° and + 45 ° thread orientations etc.

In 8th a series arrangement of two active fonts is shown. The laying bar with two laying rails is interrupted in a central area with regard to the arrangement of the laying needles, a supporting device being provided in this interrupted area because of the otherwise sagging goods with large working widths. This support device is designed in the form of a conveyor belt and has, on the side facing the goods, needle-like carriers for transporting the goods. This device prevents the goods from sagging. As a result of the arrangement of such a supporting device, the scrim cannot be forfeited in this area or there can be no stitch formation in the area in the case of knitted fabrics. Therefore, in the interrupted area of the laying bar in the working direction behind this area, a second laying bar unit is arranged in the form of a laying bar section and is arranged on the laying bars and coordinated with respect to their movement. This subordinate laying bar section also works together with knitting needles subordinate to the actual knitting needles in this section, so that the part of the goods left out with regard to the forging by the supporting device is subsequently forfeited by this second knitting font, which extends over the supported part of the working width.

In 9 the manufacturing process can be seen from the top view of a product manufactured with such a device. The bar protruding into the effective area, marked with an arrow, represents the supporting device. In the area of the forcing in which the supporting device is arranged, no effective action is possible, since the effective font is interrupted there. In the conveying direction, the interrupted area is followed by a second knitting font, which realizes a knocking in the recessed area, so that the clutch is knocked out over the entire working width without the formation of alleys.

With such a facility is it possible also wide goods with a variety of layers reliably without Lane formation and to produce in the best quality.

Claims (14)

A process for producing multi-axial layers of threads, in which several layers of threads with different thread orientations are deposited in one machine to form a continuously moving layer and after all layers have been deposited, are knitted / sewn in a knitting font, characterized in that the Placing all layers of knitting and sewing process in the direction of movement of the fabric is preceded by at least one further knitting and sewing process in a further knitting font, with adding at least one further layer of threads between two knitting fonts and / or knitting / sewing only over a first partial area the working width of the machine in the first active font in the direction of movement of the fabric and over a second partial area in the second active font in the direction of movement of the fabric, the second partial area essentially corresponding to the working width of the machine minus the first partial area. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least a position with zero degree thread orientation in the lay in any selected Order of the layers is filed. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that several Zero degree thread layers between and / or outside of the layers with zero degrees different thread orientations can be arranged and fixed. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that that the first and second active font independently or coupled are driven and controlled to each other. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that that the Threads of individual layers stored according to the demands and by means of the active fonts essentially immediately after the arrangement as Location can be fixed. Device for the continuous production of multi-axial fabrics of a defined working width with at least one thread layer with any adjustable thread orientations, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1, which is of modular construction and has at least one longitudinal conveyor on each side of the working width ( 4 ) with transport pins or transport hooks arranged thereon, at least one weft insertion system ( 8th ) and thread guide or offset rake, which is outside the longitudinal conveyor ( 4 ) are arranged, characterized in that the device has at least two knitted focusses arranged one after the other in the working direction, which at least one thread layer in front of the knitted fonts fix some immediately after they have been put down and / or each of which only covers part of the working width, but the effective furrows additionally cover the full working width with regard to their effective width. Apparatus according to claim 6, characterized in that the Effective furrows laying bars, needle bars, slide bars and tee bars exhibit. Apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that this Weft insertion system a first module and the device for feeding standing threads (layer with zero degree thread orientation) plus knitting font a second module represent. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that at least a first module and at least two second modules are provided. Device according to claims 6 to 9, characterized in that that in Middle area of the working width there is an area in which the first active font is interrupted, at least in the area a support facility to prevent sagging the thread layers is provided, and that the second knitting font in Working direction is arranged behind the first active font, where the second active font in at least part of the area Then lay fixed, which is not fixed by the first active font. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that the support facility a conveyor belt type Has element, which at its support point with the goods in Engagement is, in particular a circumferential belt is provided is which needle-like driver for transporting the goods having. Device according to one of the referring back to claim 7 Expectations 10 or 11, characterized in that the laying bar over the working width has a stepped part, but otherwise formed continuously is, and the needle bar, slide bar and tee bar in the area the device for preventing sagging of the thread layers interrupted are. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that in Area of the device for preventing sagging Thread layers one piece at a time of needle bar, slide bar and tee bar as a second knitting font trained and by a separate combined needle-slide gear is driven. Device according to one of claims 12 or 13, characterized in that that the separated part of the bar by means of a drive mechanism can be driven / controlled from the laying bar.