DE19913647A1 - Material of multi-layer multi-axial yarn layers, is produced continuously with an initial knitting bed to bond the yarns of a layer followed by further beds to bond in additional layers of 0 degrees and other orientations - Google Patents

Abstract

To produce knitted/needled multi-axial bands of yarns, in a number of layers with defined yarn orientations, one layer is fed at first continuously into the machine by an initial knitting bed. A second knitting bed, after the first in the working direction of the machine, knits/needles at least one further layer. A number of layers are formed at the first knitting bed and, subsequently, by the insertion of at least one further layer the number of layers and additional layers are knitted/needled together. The yarns are on a 0 deg orientation in at least one layer in a selected succession of layers, and a number of layers with a 0 deg yarn orientation are between and/or outside other layers where the yarns have a different angular lie, fixed in place. The initial knitting bed secures the yarns over only a part of the working width, and the following knitting bed bonds the yarns in another width section which is the whole working width minus the section worked at the first bed. The two knitting beds are coupled together, or operate independently with separate drives and controls. The yarn layers are positioned with the yarns on the required orientation, to be bonded by the knitting bed immediately after they are laid in place. An Independent claim is included for a modular assembly to produce the material with a longitudinal conveyor fitted with yarn holding pins or hooks. At least one weft insertion stage and a yarn guide or displacement grid is outside the conveyor. The assembly has at least two knitting beds in succession along the direction of material travel, where at least one yarn layer is bonded immediately after it is laid in place. Preferred Features: At the first knitting bed, a number of yarn layers are knitted/needled together. At the second knitting bed, at least one further yarn layer is positioned, for all the layers to be bonded together. The knitting beds have guide bars, needle bars, sliding bars and knocking-over bars. The weft insertion system has an initial module and the assembly to feed the standing yarns at 0 deg orientation with the knitting bed as a second module. The preferably structure is one initial and at least two second modules. The knitting beds extend each over part of the material width so that, together, they cover the whole working width. The center zone of the working width, where the first knitting bed is interrupted, has a support to prevent the yarns from sagging. The second knitting bed works the yarns which pass by the first knitting bed. The yarn support is a conveyor belt which is in contact with the material where the support is required, with a needle surface to grip the material for its forward movement. The guide bars have a removed section across the working width, otherwise lying through. The needle bars, sliding bars and knocking-over bars are interrupted where the yarns are supported against sagging. Where the yarns are supported, a part of the needle bars, sliding bars and knocking-over bars are formed as a second knitting bed, with a separate drive. The removed section of the guide bars has a separate drive and control.

Description

The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing forfeited / sewn multi-axial scrims from several layers, each with be freely adjustable thread orientations. The invention relates in particular a device which warp knitting machines or warp knitting machines or sewing machines with filler thread entry and / or weft insertion, especially with multi-axial weft insertion.

With the so-called multi-axial knitwear, there is basically a desire to the individual layers as far as their orientation of the threads is concerned figure and then fix it so that moving the example se essentially unidirectionally arranged threads of a layer is prevented. This is important for the fact that the individual layers of the scrim, which are also called Laminate layers are called because the layers of the scrim, for example to each other by means of a polymer resin in a subsequent operation be minimized with regard to the resulting fiber composite components can be easily arranged to meet the demands.

This has so far been essentially solved by the fact that several layers of weft threads one after the other with the help of different weft insertion units in transport chains were inserted. Then these layers were in a knitting machine forfeited, d. H. fixed. It has also become known that so-called standing threads (Thread layers with zero degree thread orientation) fed at any point can be. The fabrics produced in this way showed in practice However, the quality is insufficient because the standing threads are only the uppermost La  of the clutch could be integrated. The reason for this is that the standing threads are not evenly distributed when they are knotted if they are not performed or fi shortly before the knitting process in any way are fixed.

Applications have also become known in which an arrangement of Thread layers with zero-degree thread orientation also in the middle of several layers is urgently needed. So far, this has been achieved by laying which were created in a first step, in a second on one separate machine once again for example also turned to the clutch already created in the first process and then forfeited in a third step or by sewing were connected. This is described, for example, in WO 98/10 128.

Furthermore, DE 33 43 048 C2 describes a method and a device known for laying cross weft threads for a warp knitting machine. In which known methods or in the known device weft threads in defined angular position, but different from a zero degree Thread orientation, placed on top of each other and then forfeited.

EP 0 361 795 B1 describes a process for the continuous production of reinforced objects described. There are several threads in the process layer feeders arranged one behind the other, each thread in feed a thread layer with a desired thread orientation, so that a Scrims with layers of different thread orientations are created. Are in principle With this method, layers with zero-degree thread orientations are also possible, however, these tend to occur particularly when the working width of the scrim is large their way to the needle contour to change their position once deposited so that the desired quality requirements cannot be met satisfactorily.  

DE 195 21 946 A1 describes a method for connecting a particular non-textile cell structure described with textile cover layers. The clutch has a textile top layer and a textile bottom layer, each of which have different preferred thread orientations. A location with zero Degree thread orientation is only on the top or bottom of the Described.

The disadvantage of the prior art method or directions is that either multiple machines are needed or several operations are required in the manufacture of a scrim, wel ches consists of several layers of different thread orientations. Of Another disadvantage is that the quality requirements reinforcement scrims of this type cannot be achieved since they are forfeited of the individual layers, the exact position of the individual threads of a thread group is not fixed and can slip. Especially with very large ar with such devices, sagging occurs, which leads to slippage allows the threads so that the risk of thread alley formation does not run out can be closed. There are therefore no processes from the prior art and no device known in which continuously and reliably Fixing the thread sheets of the individual layers even with large working widths is guaranteed.

The object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device for realizing the method for producing multi-axial scrims to create, in which also zero-degree thread layers at any point of the Ge leges can be arranged as well as the scrim in a continuous ar working aisle and in one machine as well as in a large working width without formation of Thread alleys can be produced.

This object is achieved by a method with the features according to claim 1 and solved by a device with the features according to claim 6.  

Appropriate developments are in the respective dependent claims Are defined.

According to the invention, the method is used to manufacture realized stitched / sewn or connected by multi-axial fabrics several layers, each with freely adjustable thread orientations. Erfin According to the invention, at least one layer is initially continuously preferably a number of layers fixed by means of a first knitting font, wor per se a forfeiting / sewing of the at least one layer by means of at least one arranged in the working direction of the machine behind the first active font another active font connects. A first number of La conditions and at least one further layer, which of the goods after the first effect is fed, then together in a continuous operation who forks / sews or is connected by sewing.

A major advantage of such a method is that the multiple Ren successive arranged focusses ensure that essentially immediately after placing the individual thread sheets of the respective layer Fixing with layers already deposited or already fixed takes place so that a slipping or shifting of the individual thread sheets or individual Threads of a layer is avoided until the same is fixed. If part of the Non-crimp fabric, the layers of which are already connected by means of a first active contour additional layers is provided, so at least that the already fixed is achieved Part of the scrim is arranged so that it does not slip, so that when it is secured further hen / knitting or sewing in addition to the already fixed layers of the Layers placed on it can be connected reliably and reliably. Before preferably at least one layer is a zero-degree thread layer in the fabrics (Standing threads). This zero-degree thread position is arbitrary in the lay as a position Order of layers can be stored.  

According to a development of the invention, several zero-degree thread layers shift between the layers and / or outside of the layers with zero degrees where thread orientations are arranged and fixed. It is thus possible to do so mentioned zero-degree thread layers at any point in the order of Arrange layers of the scrim and thus any kind of desired property to achieve the reinforcement scrim.

According to a development of the invention, one of the first and the one fixes second knitting font the clutch only over a first part of the working width of the Machine, in which a fixation of the scrim by means of other of the first and the second active font over a second part of its ar beitsbreite connects, the second part of the working width essentially the Total working width minus the first part of it. The advantage of this Further development of the invention is that with very large working widths in At least one support facility in the middle of the working width or several such devices distributed over the working width hen can be, or can, so that the two or more Effective fonts two-stage procedures in relation to the first The active font is subsequently fixed in the area in which the support device initially does not allow fixing, guarantee continuous

According to a development of the invention, the first and the second Effective font driven and controlled independently of each other. This will high flexibility guaranteed.

According to a further development of the invention, the threads of the individual Layers were stored in accordance with the requirements, d. H. Exi do not bull. This means that the threads are laid in accordance with the requirements the component to be used later can be stored in any shape, whereby  by means of the active fonts essentially immediately after the arrangement of the Threads or sets of threads the threads of the individual layer are fixed.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a device for continuous orier production of multi-axial fabrics of a defined, preferably also created larger working width, which at least one thread layer of any adjustable thread orientation, preferably also at least one company denlage with zero-degree thread orientation, in any thread position of the Ge have leges. The device is preferably of modular construction, i. H. be consists of several individual, essentially identical in their construction Share, just the modules. There is at least one on each side of the working width Longitudinal conveyor with transport pins or transport hooks arranged thereon formed, the device further comprising a weft insertion system and thread leader or offset rake, which is arranged outside the longitudinal conveyor are not. This basic structure corresponds to a conventional Mul tiaxial machine.

According to the invention, the device detects at least two in the working direction active foci arranged one on top of the other, which offset the front of the active fonts laid at least one ply essentially immediately after dropping it fixie ren. With such a device it is thus possible to arrange any arrangement Thread coulters in a layer of the scrim essentially immediately to fix after placing them, so that in the direction of transport of the device a Ver. to fix additional layers on an already fixed part of the fabric pushing the individual thread sheets is largely avoided. So that The highest quality products achieved with such a device demands are sufficient. There is preferably a number with the first active font of layers can be realized / sewn and is then by means of the second active font after supplying at least one further layer, the number of at least already partially forfeited layers can be realized / sewn with the at least one layer. This is why this is done continuously on a machine and while goods are in transit  walk through the machine in one step, because both working fonts Work in parallel as soon as the goods pass through the machine.

In addition, arranging at least two in a row ensures Active fonts in the device the possibility that large working widths be can be ruled by the first active font preferably in a central region for example, is interrupted once and at this interrupted point the A support device is provided for the active font. However, it is also possible, several support facilities spread across the working width watch, in which case the respective active fonts are interrupted several times can be. The active fonts therefore preferably only cover one each Part of the working width. This support device prevents a through hang of the individual thread layers or the scrim, being in the support a further effective font is provided behind the first active font, which also fixes the not yet fixed area. This will make needle avoiding alley formation. This also helps to achieve the highest quality standards of the goods produced with the device according to the invention.

The support device is preferably a conveyor belt-like element trained in which one at the support point touching the goods Belt is driven essentially revolving so that it is essentially the Conveying speed of the goods corresponds. The band preferably has na delike carriers to transport the goods to the support to ensure the agency.

The active fonts preferably cover only part of the working width from. Furthermore, the active fonts have laying bars, needle bars, slide bars ren and tee bars, which according to the invention either com enough to fill the entire working width or staggered one after the other are ordered that the widths of the individual active fonts in their addition the Total width of the scrim result.  

Preferably, the weft insertion system of the device is a first module trained and is the device for feeding standing threads plus the actual Liche active font formed as a second module, the device depending because it can have several such first and second modules. In particular are preferably at least two first modules and at least two second ones Modules provided.

According to a development of the invention, the bar has the work spread a stepped part, but is otherwise continuous. The needle bar, slide bar and tee bar are in the area of the set-up device for preventing sagging of the thread layers interrupted, in the area of the device preferably each a piece of needle bar, Slider bar and tee bar is designed as a second active font and by a separate combined needle and slide gear is driven. The one from the Placed part is preferably by means of a drive mechanism can be driven / controlled directly from the bar.

Further advantages, features and possible uses of the invention which are now based on exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying th drawings explained in detail. Show it:

Figure 1a is a classic multiaxial machine with three weft insertion means and a downstream warp knitting machine or Wirknadelfontur.

FIG. 1b is a classic ne multiaxial machine with four weft insertion means and a downstream stationary thread-feeding plus Kettenwirkmaschi;

Fig. 2 shows a multiaxial machine in modular design with four weft insertion devices and a thread feed plus warp knitting machine;

Fig. 3a is a multiaxial machine according to the invention, in which a standing thread feed plus warp knitting machine is arranged between weft insertion devices;

Figure 3b delfonturen a multiaxial machine with two consecutively arranged Wirkna, which each extend over part of the working width and for application scrim larger widths.

Fig. 4 is a COPCENTRA-multiaxial machine according Liba-type which has five weft insertion systems, and a downstream warp knitting machine;

Figure 5 is a schematic representation of a biaxial knitted fabric with 90 ° - weft inserting and standing threads.

FIG. 6a is a side view of a biaxial woven fabric in principle shown;

FIG. 6b is a plan view of a biaxial woven fabric;

Fig. 7 is a multi-axial knit fabric with six thread systems and a nonwoven layer below, and a zero-degree fiber layer on top of the scrim;

Fig. 8 shows the arrangement of two successively arranged in the working direction Wirkfonturen; and

Fig plan view produced one behind the other with two spaced sections working Wirkfonturen goods.. 9

In Fig. 1a, a known classic multiaxial machine is shown in principle Dar position. According to the embodiment shown, this multiaxial machine has three weft insertion systems arranged one behind the other. To avoid sagging of the scrim or the layers of the scrim, a scrim support is provided in the area of the weft insertion systems. However, this gel support only extends to the area in front of the warp knitting machine or knitting needle contour, which is subordinate to the weft insertion systems. The finished fixed fabric runs out of the warp knitting machine or knitting needle contour. The disadvantage of this known multiaxial machine is that sagging of the goods can occur in the area between the end of the scrim support in the area of the weft insertion system and the direct knitting needle contour. This sagging can lead to lane formation, which adversely affects the quality of the finished scrim.

In Fig. 1b, another known multiaxial machine is shown in principle presen- tation. According to this illustration, this known multiaxial machine has four weft insertion systems, which are energetically connected to the vertical thread feeder plus warp knitting machine downstream of these weft insertion systems. The disadvantage of such an arrangement is that standing threads are only provided on the top or bottom of the scrim who can. For certain qualities and certain requirements in terms of a stress-oriented arrangement of the threads or thread orientations in the individual layers, however, it is also necessary that thread layers with thread orientations, for example with 45 °, 90 ° and -45 ° thread orientations with zero degree thread orientation (standing threads ) to be ordered. However, this is not possible with the arrangement shown in FIG. 1b.

In Fig. 2, a multiaxial machine of a more recent design is shown in principle, which is of modular construction. In this known multiaxial machine, four weft insertion systems are arranged as independent modules in energetic independence, in front of a further module comprising a standing thread feeder and a warp knitting machine. In terms of signal, the individual modules are connected to the module of the standing thread feeder of the warp knitting machine. Such a modular structure creates significant simplifications with regard to the general structure of the machine; the known machine allows light but only an arrangement of standing threads on the top or the underside of a scrim.

In Fig. 3a is a multiaxial machine of the invention is shown, in which the weft insertion systems and the stationary thread feeder are each formed plus warp knitting machine or Wirkfontur as modules. In this Invention multiaxial machine are two modules in the form of the weft insertion systems one module in the form of the standing thread feeder and warp knitting machine, which is followed by another module "weft insertion system" and then another module "standing thread feeder plus knitting font or warp knitting machine ne " connect. With such an arrangement of a second module "standing thread supply plus warp knitting machine or knitting font" between weft insertion systems, it is possible to have a high degree of flexibility with regard to the arrangement of the zero-degree thread layers (standing threads) between the layers of conventional thread denorientation, for example 45 ° , 90 °, -45 ° or 60 °. In addition, it is of course also possible to arrange the standing threads on the top or bottom of the scrim.

The arrangement of the second module "standing thread feeding plus warp knitting machine or active font "between individual modules" weft insertion system " furthermore ensures the advantage that the thread layers already deposited fixes be and in their further transport towards another shot support system with which another layer or more layers on the already fixed part of the scrim, and finally to another No more vertical thread feeding with warp knitting machine or knitting font cannot slide or move. This is a Gassenbil by slipping off the threads of one or more layers largely avoided and thus the highest quality standards of the goods enough.

FIG. 3b shows a further embodiment of the multiaxial machine of the invention, which is particularly suitable for larger widths of the produce the scrim. This embodiment has three weft insertion systems, which chen two warp knitting machines or knitting needle contours are connected. Since the scrim support in the entire area of the weft insertion systems and at least also below the first knitting needle contour up to the second knitting needle fontur is given, sagging of the scrim or the individual layers is largely avoided, so that even large widths can be realized without lane formation. In order to ensure reliable fixing of the thread layers also in the area of the support, a second knitting needle contour is connected downstream of the first, which can extend over the entire width or only includes a partial area of the total width of the scrim in the area of the support.

In Fig. 4, a COPCENTRA multiaxial machine in Liba design is shown, in which four weft insertion systems are provided for realizing different thread orientations of the respective layers, which is followed by a warp knitting machine 13 including the warp thread feed. This arrangement is known per se. According to the invention, modules which consist of a standing thread feed and knitting font are either arranged one behind the other or even between the respective weft insertion systems, which is not shown in this FIG. 4. Analogously to the multiaxial machine shown in FIG. 4, who supplied the threads for the weft insertion systems from a creel 1 for weft threads from bobbins 2 via thread brakes 3 to the respective weft insertion systems 5 to 8 , by means of which, with the inclusion of the longitudinal conveyor transport chains 4, thread orientations between - 45 ° and 90 ° can be realized. Active elements 10 are provided on the active font. Immediately before the one enters the knitting font, as shown in FIG. 4, a fleece feed 11 , 12 can be provided, which is also fixed in the scrim or with the individual layers of the scrim. It is possible to provide both a fleece feed 11 at the top and a fleece feed 12 at the bottom. The actual warp knitting machine 13 , which represents the knitting elements 10 of the knitting font, fixes the individual layers to one another, so that sewn / knitted or knitted goods 14 are fed to a rewinder 15 . The standing threads fed directly in front of the warp knitting machine 13 (threads with zero-degree thread orientation) are fed via the warp knitting machine 13 via standing thread feed rollers 19 . The warp knitting machine 13 also has warp threads 17 , 18 supplied by warp beams.

Fig. 5 shows a basic representation of a biaxial knitted fabric, which consists of threads inserted by means of a 90 ° weft insertion system in the form of a lower layer and a layer consisting of standing threads with a zero-degree thread orientation. This means that this biaxial knitted fabric has two layers of threads with preferred thread directions arranged at 90 ° to one another.

In contrast to the biaxial knitted fabric according to FIG. 5, in which the two layers are fixed to one another by knitting, the biaxial woven fabric shown in FIGS . 6a and 6b fixes the individual threads, which also run in a 90 ° arrangement to one another respective overflow or underflow of the warp threads realized by the weft threads, so that the image shown in Fig. 6a results in a side view. Especially in the production of thick fabrics, where several weft threads are placed side by side in a compartment, there are problems with the binding of the individual threads. Multi-layered woven goods of this type cannot be produced by means of weaving technology, but at most by superimposing interwoven layers of goods, which can then be connected to one another in a manner known per se by knitting, sewing or sewing, so that several separate operations are required for this.

Finally, FIG. 7 shows a multi-axial knitted fabric with six thread systems and a flow layer arranged at the bottom. The individual threads of the respective layers lying next to each other each have different directions of thread preference, with the zero-degree thread orientation being arranged as the top layer. With a method and a device of the invention, however, it is also possible to arrange such layers with zero-degree thread orientations between the layers with, for example, -45 ° and 90 ° or between 90 ° and + 45 ° thread orientations etc.

In FIG. 8, a cascade arrangement is shown by two Wirkfonturen. The laying bar with two laying rails is interrupted in a central area with respect to the arrangement of the laying needles, a supporting device being provided in this interrupted area due to the otherwise sagging goods at large working widths. This support device is designed in the form of a conveyor belt and has needle-like drivers on the side facing the goods for the purpose of transporting the goods. This device prevents the goods from sagging. As a result of the arrangement of one of the supporting devices of the type, the scrim cannot be forfeited in this area or no stitching can take place in this area at Wirkwa re. Therefore, in the interrupted area of the laying bar in the working direction behind it, a second laying bar unit arranged in the form of a laying bar section is arranged on the laying bars and coordinated with respect to their movement. This subordinate laying bar section works with knitting needles also subordinate to the actual knitting needles in this section, so that the part of the goods left out with regard to forfeiting by the supporting device is subsequently forfeited by this second knitting font, which extends over the supported part of the working width.

In Fig. 9, the manufacturing process can be seen from the top view of a product manufactured with one of the devices. The bar protruding into the effective area, marked with an arrow, represents the supporting device. In the area of forcing in which the supporting device is arranged, no effective action is possible, since the effective font is interrupted there. In the conveying direction, the interrupted area is followed by a second knitting font, which realizes knocking in the recessed area, so that the clutch is knocked out over the entire working width without the formation of alleys.

With such a device, it is thus possible to use a wide product Large number of layers reliably without lanes and in the best quality put.

Claims (20)

1. Process for making forged / sewn multi-axial scrims consisting of several layers, each with an adjustable thread orientation gene, in which continuously at least one egg in a machine ne position by means of a first active font and then by means of at least one egg in the working direction of the machine behind the first active font Neten further active font which is at least one layer forfeited / sewn. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein a number of layers by means of the first active font is forfeited / sewn and then after adding of at least one further layer, the number of layers and the further one Layer forfeited / sewn together. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in which at least one layer with Zero degree thread orientation in the lay in any selected row order of the layers. 4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which a plurality of zero Degree thread layers between and / or outside of the layers with zero Different thread orientations can be arranged and fixed. 5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the first The cast only acts over a first part of the working width of the Machine fixed and the second knitting the fabric over a second Part of its working width is fixed, which is essentially the working width minus the first part of it.   6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the first and the second active font independently of one another or coupled to one another be driven and controlled. 7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the threads of individual layers stored according to the demands and by means of Effective fonts essentially immediately after being arranged as a layer be fixed. 8. Device for the continuous production of multi-axial lay-up of a defined working width with at least one thread layer with any adjustable thread orientations, in particular for carrying out the method according to claim 1, which has a modular structure and on each side of the working width at least one longitudinal conveyor ( 4 ) with it arranged transport pins or transport hooks, at least one weft carrying system ( 8 ) and thread guide or offset rake, which are arranged outside of the longitudinal conveyor ( 4 ), characterized in that the device has at least two successively arranged in the working direction angeord Neten acting, which the before Fix active focusses deposited at least one thread layer substantially immediately after their deposit. 9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that by means of the first knitting font a number of layers can be realized / sewn and then by means of the second active font after adding at least another layer the number of layers with the at least one wide one ren location is realizable / sewable.   10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that at least at least one layer is a thread layer with zero degree thread orientation and in Scrim can be arranged in any selected order of the layers. 11. The device according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that that the active fonts laying bars, needle bars, slide bars and Ab have impact bars. 12. The apparatus according to claim 11, characterized in that the Weft insertion system a first module and the device for feeding of standing threads (position with zero-degree thread orientation) plus knitting font represent a second module. 13. The apparatus according to claim 12, characterized in that at least a first module and at least two second modules are provided. 14. The apparatus according to claim 13, characterized in that the Each cover a part of the working width. 15. The apparatus according to claim 14, characterized in that the Effective focusses with regard to their effective range complement each other cover full working width. 16. The apparatus according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that in Middle area of the working width there is an area in which the first active font is interrupted, with at least one in the area Support device to prevent sagging of the company is provided and that the second active font in the working direction is arranged behind the first active font, the second active font then fix the fabric in at least part of the area, which is not fixed by the first active font.   17. The apparatus according to claim 16, characterized in that the sub Support device has a conveyor belt-like element, which his support point is engaged with the goods, in particular a circumferential belt is provided, which needle-like driver for transporting the goods. 18. The apparatus according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the Laying bar has a stepped part over the working width, otherwise Most, however, is continuous, and the needle bar, slide bar re and tee bar in the area of the facility to prevent the Sagging of the thread layers are interrupted. 19. Device according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in net that in the area of the device for preventing sagging the thread layers each a piece of needle bar, slide bar and Ab impact bar designed as a second active font and by a separate Combined needle-slide gear is driven. 20. Device according to one of claims 17 to 19, characterized in net that the separated part of the bar by means of a drive mechanism mechanism can be driven / controlled from the bar.