DE19811838A1 - Ballast consolidation equipment especially for consolidating a railroad ballast bed - Google Patents

Abstract

Ballast bed consolidation equipment comprises a curable liquid injection pipe (26) with a nozzle system (114) fitted to a separate pipe casing insert. Equipment for consolidating a ballast bed (12), by introduction of a curable liquid consolidation material, comprises an injection pipe (26) equipped with a nozzle system (114) which is fitted to a separate casing insert unit remote from the pipe tip. Independent claims are also included for the following: (i) apparatus for preparing a consolidation material or its components especially for use in the above equipment, the apparatus comprising a consolidation material or component supply system, a circuit for circulating the consolidation material or component(s), a valve-controlled branch line to a nozzle system and a regulated heating system for maintaining the consolidation material or component(s) at a predetermined temperature; and (ii) a method of consolidating a ballast bed especially using the above equipment, comprising fitting the injection pipe with the casing inserts prior to injection of the consolidation material.

Description

The invention relates to a device for consolidating a ballast bed, in particular a ballast bed of railway track construction, based on the Principle of the introduction of a liquid hardening after the introduction supply mass in the ballast bed, this device comprising one for one guide into the ballast bed suitable insertion tube body with at least a feed connection for the still liquid solidifying compound or Components of this hardening compound and with at least one Feed connector distal end part or tip part, this insertion tubular body is provided with a nozzle system in the area of a lateral surface, which is used to generate a circumferential and / or longitudinal direction of the man extending surface, directed away from the tube body axis field is formed.

Devices of this type are from German Patent 23 27 063 and known from German patent specification 10 73 969.

When consolidating ballast beds, especially those of the railway track construction, exist depending on the respective terrain along the Route and depending on the load caused by train traffic different requirements for the consolidation of the ballast bed. By It is injecting and / or superficially applying hardening compounds managed to consolidate the ballast bed and thus the durability of the Improve ballast bed under operational loads. This is special rer importance in routes with very high train frequency insofar as one on the mecha method previously used to maintain the ballast bed niche solidification by plugging is no longer dependent on itself  not at all on rail routes traveled at short intervals or can only be used with great difficulty. If the solidification requirements on the respective ballast bed vary, this means that one to solidify with a view to achieving different solidifications different insertion tube body needed. This means for the track maker that he has different insertion tube bodies for the different Most applications must keep in stock to the different Be to be able to take driving conditions and terrain conditions into account.

The invention has for its object to be a device of the beginning to create the type that supplies the track builder and the latter allows the equipment manufacturer with a relatively small inventory installation of ballast beds with a wide variety of hardenings to produce images.

To solve this problem, the invention proposes that the Outflow area made of rigid material nozzle system at least at least one sheath insert unit remote from the tip is attached, which of the remaining parts of the insertion tube body is made separately.

With this design according to the invention, it is possible for a certain distance or for certain operating conditions the Einbrin to be assembled from standard parts. This results in pre parts already when assembling using the jacket insert units the connection of the standard parts more or less insoluble z. B. by welding the standard parts. The inventor is particularly helpful of course if the standard parts are detachably assembled be, e.g. B. by screwing, so that from the once assembled Insertion tube bodies after the end of the respective need, for example at a certain construction site, the standard parts together in a different way can be set to meet new needs.  

The nozzles of the nozzle system can be used to generate one or more Flat rays can be formed and arranged. Such nozzles allow it already to generate a wide variety of different consolidation patterns. The nozzles can be used to generate divergent flat jets are formed and arranged, d. H. Flat rays emerging from the axis widen the insertion tube body from sector-like.

Especially when he has large-scale solidifications in the ballast bed are desired, nozzles can be used to generate a round flat jet form and arrange. Such nozzles can then be separated by spatial Assignment in a nozzle arrangement are superimposed so that extensive Freedom in the design of the consolidation area arises. But you can also if you want to achieve spatially limited hardening areas that Form nozzles for generating at least one sector flat jet and arrange.

If you start from the axis of a feed tube body around this Wants to achieve the largest possible hardening area around the axis, so it is recommended that the nozzles generate at least one flat jet are formed, which in a we to the axis of the insertion tube body significant orthogonal plane; one can then spread it further resort to draining.

However, there may also be use cases in which one is from the Radiation location from defined height ranges along the insertion tube body wants to capture; in such cases it is recommended that the nozzles be used to generate are formed at least one flat jet, the flat jet surface, d. H. the connecting surface of individual flat jet areas, opposite the axis of the Insertion tube body is inclined at an angle other than 90 °.

Even with flat jets, there is the option of using appropriate Form nozzle design so that they are directly at the location of the nozzle  Leaving or shortly thereafter, dissolve into individual droplets. This can be for one even distribution u. U. be advantageous, especially if so-called spreading hardening compounds are used, which will be discussed later is gone. The tendency for the flat jet to separate into individual droplets Chen can be promoted by the fact that very thin-layered flat jets are broadcast, for example with a layer thickness of 0.1 mm.

It is also possible for the nozzles to be designed and arranged to generate point beams or, more precisely, at least one point beam. The nozzles can be designed and arranged, for example, to generate a point jet with a cross section close to the nozzle of 0.03-0.1 mm ² , preferably approximately 0.05 mm ² . It has been shown that if this cross section is observed, relatively large propagation radii can be achieved with gravel grains in a relatively wide spectrum, in particular when a large number of such spot beams are emitted. There is then a statistical probability of impact at more or less large distances from the insertion tube body: some of the spot beams are caught early on by gravel grains. Another part of the point rays has the chance to pass through spaces between the gravel grains and to be caught only at a greater distance from the insertion tube bodies, so that overall a distribution over a relatively large surrounding area of the respective insertion tube body is obtained. Depending on the viscosity and hardening behavior of the hardening compound, it then drips from the initially applied gravel grains into deeper areas. Even with point jet generation, the nozzles can either be arranged so that they lie in a plane substantially orthogonal to the axis of the insertion tube body or that they form an angle of 90 ° with the axis of the introduction tube body. The latter nozzle design is of particular interest if one wants to achieve an enrichment of the ballast bed with the hardening compound also above the respective direct introduction site of the jets.

The jacket insert units can, regardless of the shape of the jet you want to achieve, be designed as an annular jacket insert units, which is preferably between each shoulder surface of a closer one Part and a shoulder surface of a part of the insertion tube body distant from the tip pers centered and axially fixed. This design allows the various casing insert units and stacks of casing insert units depending on the application, d. H. with the remaining parts of one Assemble the insertion tube body together.

It is particularly advantageous if you have the closer and the part further away from the tip by one of the ring-shaped jacket insert units connects surrounding connecting pin together. If only minor Variations in the axial length of the radiation field are taken into account the connecting pins can be made in one piece with one of the Connect parts, part closer to the tip and part further from the tip. When you grow want to control larger ranges of variation in the axial length of the radiation field, so it is recommended that the connecting pin as a separate element each of the parts is connected. One can then by exchanging the verb the stacks of shells in otherwise unchanged components Set units vary widely.

The connecting pins are preferably indirectly or directly to the Zen used in the jacket insert units, although it is also possible to fit mating surfaces on the shoulder surfaces for centering.

A feed section can be provided within the connecting pin be used to supply the solidification compound to the nozzle system.

For the production of the individual components, it is particularly advantageous if the supply section ver centrally within the connecting pin runs and through radial bores of the connecting pin with a nozzle ver room is connected; this nozzle distribution space can be in the respective  annular jacket insert unit and / or radially between the respective Jacket insert unit and the connecting pin may be provided.

The part closer to the tip with the associated shoulder surface can immediately be formed by a lace body. The top bodies are when they go to Pushing into the ballast bed are intended, subject to special abrasion and need to be replaced frequently. But it should be mentioned here that a Pushing in is not mandatory in all circumstances; it is also conceivable that part of the ballast bed where the insertion tube bodies are used wise, for example, in the area of the rail compartments, so that the insertion tube body can be inserted without abrasion.

If you want flat nozzles, be it in the form of ring flat nozzles or sector flat nozzles sen, provide, so you can the respective flat nozzle between two nozzles wrestle. You can adjust the layer thickness of each Place a flat jet between the nozzle rings. This can be kept in stock with different wall thicknesses, so that the desired layer thickness of the flat nozzle jet is slightly increased can put. By appropriate shaping of the spacing means, it is also possible the position and extent of segment nozzles in the circumferential direction to determine.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention Provide point jet nozzles for the generation of point beams, so can to drill them into ring-shaped jacket insert units, the term "Drilling" is not just conventional mechanical drilling with a drill, but also drilling, for example using an electron beam or of a laser beam.

When making a nozzle ring, it is advisable to use one if possible go out simple ring body, which has the simplest shape and is designed, for example, as a pipe section. Such a pipe section  you can not easily between the shoulder surfaces of the top insert and the more distant section of the insertion tube body, especially not if several such pipe sections in axial direction should follow each other. For this reason it is proposed that the nozzle ring rests on at least one side of a nozzle ring mounting plate, which in turn is supported on at least one shoulder surface. By The use of such nozzle ring mounting plates can then be made according to Assemble different sheath insert units, taking Installation pre-assembled or installed loosely and only by installing them together can be fixed. The respective nozzle ring can have a ring edge engage in a ring recess of a nozzle ring mounting plate so that it is stabilized and positioned by the ring recess.

The jacket insert units do not necessarily have to be ring-shaped. It is also conceivable that the jacket insert units of plugs with at least a nozzle are formed, which in a corresponding jacket recess is used directly or indirectly and is anchored in it. Removable anchor tion deserves preference in terms of interchangeability for the purpose the change in cross-section and / or orientation. The out as a stopper Formed insert units can either directly in holes a one-piece jacket body used, for. B. screwed. It it is also conceivable to insert the plugs into annular casing insert units add as described above. In this case the adjustment to the desired hardening pattern on below different ways, be it that the whole ring-shaped man exchanges unit units, be it that one in the respective jacket Only replace individual plug or nozzle body.

The plugs can be designed as screw plugs.

You can also vary the spray pattern in a structurally relatively simple manner in that the jacket insert unit has at least one nozzle  Carrier bar includes which is inserted into an axial groove of the lateral surface and at least one nozzle bore and / or at least one insert bore for a nozzle body. For radial fixation you can use the Insert the nozzle carrier strips in the undercut axial grooves. For the axial fixie You can define the nozzle carrier strips between the shoulder surfaces.

It does not matter whether the jacket insert units are ring-shaped or as a nozzle holder Most or are designed as plugs, you can insert in the jacket units either drill in immediately or locate holes set, in which the nozzle body with the nozzles are then used again can.

If a nozzle body for screwing or other rotatable storage provided with a nozzle channel that runs obliquely against the screw axis is, you can turn the nozzle body around the screw axis change the orientation of the emerging jet jet as desired and ge Wins another variation for the design of the beam lenfelds.

Especially when the insertion tube body is to be pushed into gravel beds are designed as injection lances, there is a risk of premature against wear in the area of the nozzles. To this danger To prevent, it is recommended that the jacket insert unit at least in Area of the respective nozzle outlet opposite the lateral surface of the inlet Bring tube body and in particular the tip part is radially reset. The step surfaces corresponding to the back offset can be used be beveled to enlarge the beam angle range.

One in adaptation to different hardening patterns in the ballast bed Another advantageous possibility of influencing the beam field is that at least some of the nozzles of the nozzle system can be closed. The Ver closure can for example by inserting locking pins or  Lock bolts are accomplished that are designed to be lightweight can be used and by heads on the surrounding area of the Support the respective nozzle passage.

In an inlet section preceding the nozzle system for the hardening compound or for components of the hardening compound can be a mixture facility may be provided. This mixing device is used in the case of the Zu mixing individual components together to form the finished setting compound to mix the components. But even if one before manufactured solidification mass is supplied, such a mixer in terms of homogenization can be an advantage. The mixing device can be formed by a static mixer. Such static mixers are available in the market. For example, they consist of straight lines the flow paths in pipes or annular spaces in the radial direction mixing elements, for example cylindrical turbulence-generating rods, are enforced.

In addition to the static mixers, dynamic mixers are also possible, which are designed, for example, as turbine wheels in flow-through tubes can.

The mixing devices will be brought closer to the nozzles, the more less "pot life", d. H. that time from the first time together mixing of individual components until curing is available. Taking this into account, it is advantageous if the mixing device in the insertion tube body itself is housed, approximately in such a way that it in a remote portion of the insertion tube body axially between the Feed connection and an axial region containing the nozzle system is housed.

If the insertion tube body is designed as an injection lance, then can be Trailing fasteners for fastening to an insertion  direction and connections for connecting the insertion tube body to a Strengthening compound stock or on strengthening compound components councils should be provided. In particular, you can think of the insertion tube body for attachment to a push-in device, in particular to a darning or Compaction tool, to train existing in this way to continue to use.

In railway construction, it is for quick machining of long lines from before part if the insertion tube body for mounting on a rail Ballast bed treatment trolley is formed. Then a plurality of Delivery tube bodies on a ballast bed treatment trolley in one against side geometric assignment can be fixed or adjustable, for example, so that the different insertion tube body by a Rail-threshold crossing correspond to corresponding sector fields.

In connection with the facility described so far, preparation can processing equipment for the preparation of the hardening compound are used. These include at least one storage facility tion for a setting compound or for at least one setting mass component, furthermore a circulating circulation device for circulating the solidification contained in the at least one storage facility compound or hardening compound in a circulating circuit, also a valve-controlled branch from the circulation circuit to the Nozzle system and also controlled heating for the solidification compound or the at least one strengthening compound component for maintenance a certain temperature. The temperature can be adjusted most of the hardening compounds or their com components are set to a defined viscosity. The induction A defined viscosity is of great importance when solidifying Ballast beds because the viscosity is both for a defined jet formation at a given pressure and for the dripping behavior after penetration of the respective beam into the ballast bed of paramount importance. With the inventor  Processing device according to the invention can, on the one hand, the viscosity itself these requirements are set accordingly, on the other hand it is in those cases in which components only come together shortly before the injection can be mixed, possible, the individual components relatively light and to mix with each other in short mixing times, that if one sets their viscosities to be the same or approximately the same, indifferent, how big the absolute values of the viscosity are.

According to a further aspect of the invention, this relates to a method for Solidifying a ballast bed based on the principle of insertion a liquid hardening compound hardening after introduction into the Ballast bed using at least one to introduce the Ballast bed suitable insertion tube body with at least one feed Connection for the still liquid hardening compound or components this hardening compound and with a nozzle system. It is featured suggest that before starting the application of the solidifying mass a base Kit of the insertion tube body with jacket insert units accordingly a desired consolidation pattern is fitted. The above be Written device according to the invention enables this to be carried out Procedure.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method is proposed in which at least one of the components of a shortly before processing Solidification mass is subjected to a temperature setting that too an approximation or approximation of the viscosities of the individual components ten leads and that the merging and mixing of the components after approximation or approximation of the viscosities. This can be done in the treatment device described above happen.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a method is proposed in which the vertical penetration depth of the hardening compound in the ballast bed, measured from the level of the radiation injection, in accordance with the ambient conditions influencing the dripping behavior, such as ambient temperature, ballast bed temperature and ballast granulation at least one of the following setting parameters is influenced:
Viscosity of the setting compound, this can be influenced, for. B. by the temperature of the hardening compound,
Inflow amount of solidification mass per unit of time, this z. B. adjustable bar by adjusting the pressure at the nozzle inlet,
Setting the injection duration,
Setting the temperature of the ballast bed.

The preparation described above also stands for this method device available, provided you go back to the parameter viscosity wants to grab. For viscosity variation it is possible that the solidification mass or the at least one to be subjected to the temperature setting Component in heat exchange with a temperature correcting medium is held. It can be done in such a way that the Ver setting compound or the at least one of the temperature setting too throwing component in a closed containing a storage vessel Circulation is pumped and that of this circuit according to the Solidification mass - the strengthening mass or temperature Subtracted component subtracted and mixed to be led. Several or all components of the temperature can be position to be subjected.

The temperature setting can be done by exchanging heat with a temperature controlled heat transfer medium in a further cycle.  

According to another aspect of the invention, the injection is essentially initiated below the level of the respective lower rail sleeper edge, after the injection lance through the gravel material of each Threshold compartment has been pushed in with the appropriate depth of penetration.

Another essential aspect of the method is that the liquid solidification mass is discharged in the form of injection jets, which have a cross section of 0.03-0.1 mm ² , preferably about 0.05 mm ² . It has been shown that very good propagation properties can be achieved from a specific lance location when this proposal is used. The reason for this surprising finding could be the following: If you choose such small spot jet cross-sections, you can generate a relatively large number of spot jets with a very high flow rate at the outlet of the nozzles, with pump performance still being reasonable. Due to the very high flow velocity at the nozzle outlet, these spot jets dissolve into droplets. Due to the momentum laws, however, the droplets initially have the tendency to form a beam that is concentrated over a longer distance. Individual droplets are then scattered on individual gravel grains. However, a rest of the jet finds the chance to pass through cavities within the ballast bed and to be scattered later.

Of course, to produce a jet with a cross section of 0.03-0.1 mm ^2, a high supply pressure of, for example, 20-25 bar at the nozzle inlet is required. Low viscosity is also required; For this reason, it is recommended to use the device and process engineering measures proposed above for influencing the viscosity.

At this point it should be mentioned that to provide a template pressure of 20-25 bar at the nozzle inlet pumps are required, each if so, if there is a mixture between the pump and the nozzle inlet or Homogenization using a static mixer should take place very much  deliver higher outlet pressures, for example from 60-100 bar the pressure drop occurring in the respective mixing device at the nozzle a supply pressure of 20-25 bar is still available.

The device according to the invention and the method according to the invention are used in particular for hardening compounds which are in time point of their exit from the nozzle system due to their viscosity and their Surface tension a spreading behavior with respect to the respective Own gravel material. Such hardening compounds are for ballast bed Especially suitable because they correspond to their "spreading hold "as a surface film on the gravel and spread out and in larger mass only at the contact points of adjacent gravel grains accumulate. In this way it is ensured that with good hardening only a minimum of solidification mass is consumed. This leads to be in the solidified ballast bed by the grain shape contingent voids remain essentially unchanged, nevertheless solidification occurs and the permeability of the ballast bed to water preserved.

If one speaks of consolidation here, the following must be considered pay attention: The forces within the ballast bed, for example the dynami and static forces exerted by a train traveling on the track are practiced are essentially transferred in that the individual Gravel grains lie against each other and overpressure in the contact points can wear: Nevertheless, by sticking in the touch scores of the individual gravel grains stabilizing effects within the Ballast bed generated in that the mutual shift of one individual grains is prevented or largely prevented.

It has been shown that the setting compound in the inventive Procedures using the facilities according to the invention such pressure and such outflow quantity per unit time to outflow ge  can be brought that they are within the ballast bed over an off spreading radius of about 20 to about 50 cm, preferably about 35 cm, measured from the nozzle outlet, distributed solely on the basis of the outlet pulse. You can use short spray nozzles and wide spray nozzles together combine and fold in a confined space. In this way, is on any place along the respective spreading radius of hardening mass provided so that an approximately homogeneous distribution in the radial direction the setting compound is guaranteed. The property "short spray" and "widely spraying" can be achieved by appropriate nozzle design achieve special nozzle length and cross-sectional profile over the nozzle length.

The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention are especially when using hardening compounds based on polyurethane or epoxy resin base.

For further homogenization of the solidification mass distribution in the each ballast bed one can be designed as an injection lance Bring tube body in axial or rotary motion during injection move, preferably by the type of movement and by the smooth shape of the injection lance the resting state of the surrounding Ballast material should not be significantly affected, so that defi nated draining ratios are retained.

A typical application example in railway track construction provides that a or several injection tube body (s) designed as injection lance (s) on the floor plan of an existing of sleepers and rails, on which Ballast bed of rail grating, progressing in the longitudinal direction of the rail used one after the other and adjusted in their exit direction that a consequence in the longitudinal direction of the rail below the respective rail of consolidation areas or a continuous consolidation belt is there, where the large operating loads are expected.  

It is particularly thought that the injection lance or the Injek lances in sector areas, preferably all four sector areas, the are defined by the crossing of a rail with a threshold Be essen, preferably in maximum approach to the intersection axis. But it is also not excluded that larger volume ranges of the Subjecting the ballast bed to solidification.

When determining the spray pattern of an injection lance or a group of Injection lances with regard to a specific hardening pattern of the sheet terkörpers you will also have to take into account that by the drip off a hardening compound sprayed at a certain level a broadening of the hardening pattern occurs simply because at each drainage point is approximately conical due to the gravel-related deflection Spreading down takes place. One must have this appearance at the feast take the spray pattern into account from the outset in order to ultimately create a ge Desired consolidation picture with minimal consumption of consolidation to get mass.

The introduction tube is preferred in the process according to the invention Set the body so that the injection is essentially completely below the Ballast bed surface takes place. Then there is a risk of environmental pollution egress of rays is practically excluded, even if these are broken down into fine particles. Then you have more free space unit in the chemical composition of the hardening compounds without Conflicting environmental regulations.

Conditions occur within the ballast bed like in a spray chamber a so that no closed films are deposited, which lead to an increase would lead to consumption of hardening compound.

If you adjust the viscosity of two components to be mixed wants to bring about for the purpose of better miscibility, recommends  it, the more viscous component by setting the temperature low to make it more viscous, d. H. by warming the higher vis of the house bring kose component to lower viscosity.

The reference to punctiform beam cross sections should not exclude that strongly diverging jets are used, too special for operating the close range of the respective insertion tube body.

The facilities and procedures for mixing components under different viscosities are also in connection with other hardening compounds drive and facilities applicable, e.g. B. in the solidification of thin Surface layers of ballast beds as used to Avoid gravel flying and to keep ballast beds from slipping prevent mechanical processing of a neighboring track.

The accompanying figures illustrate the invention using an exemplary embodiment games; it represents:

Figure 1 is a plan view of a ballast body of a railway system with sleepers and rails laid thereon and with a treatment vehicle for injecting hardening compound.

Fig. 2 is a section along line II-II of Figure 1 with a schematic Dar position of two injection lances in the working position.

Fig. 3 shows a longitudinal section through the injection lance;

FIG. 4 shows an enlarged section in the sectional plane according to FIG. 3 through the shaft part of the injection lance at point IV of FIG. 3;

Fig. 5 is a section along line VV of Fig. 4;

Fig. 6 is a section along line VV of Figure 4 in a second embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 7 is a section corresponding to that of Figure 4 at a third embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 8 is a section corresponding to that of Figure 4 in a fourth embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 9 is a section corresponding to that of Figure 4 at a fifth embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 10 is a section corresponding to that of FIG. 5 in a 6th embodiment of the invention and

Fig. 11 is a processing device for processing the Verfe stigungs mass components before they are mixed.

In Figs. 1 and 2, the area is designated under a railway track system 10. A ballast bed 12 is heaped up on this site 10 . In the ballast bed 12 , which is already compacted and ready for operation, sleepers 14 are laid, which together with rails 16 form a track grate 18 .

The sleepers 14 are embedded in the ballast bed 12 , ie the sleepers compartments, that is the spaces 20 between successive sleepers 14 , are filled with ballast.

In order to prevent premature loosening of the ballast bed 12 in the area below the rails 16 and to lengthen the intervals between successive compaction processes of the ballast bed 12 in the sleeper support and longitudinal rail area, a solidifying compound is injected into the ballast bed 12 , so that 16 underneath the rails in the intersection areas with the sleepers 14 , areas 22 of the ballast bed solidified, which extend continuously, ie continuously in the form of a tape or dis continuous along the rails 16 . Standing on the rails 16, as shown in Fig. 1 and 2 can be seen a ballast bed treatment carriage 24 with four injection lances 26 in the region of each of the two rails 16. The injection lances are arranged in such a way that at each crossing point between a threshold 14 and a rail 16 there is an injection lance 26 in each of the four sectors S1-S4, which are defined by the respective crossing of rail 16 and threshold 14 . The same applies to the other rail and the associated threshold sections.

The injection lances 26, which are generally to be understood as "insertion tube bodies", are, as shown schematically in FIG. 2, carried by a ramming device 28 which allows the injection lances 26 to be driven into the ballast bed 12 to below the lower threshold edge U according to FIG. 2.

The ramming devices 28 can be designed such that they drive four injection lances 26 located in the sectors S1-S4 together and simultaneously into the ballast bed 12 ; but it can also be assigned to each of the four injection lances 26 in the sectors S1-S4 a separate Rammvor device 28 . In Fig. 2 a common ram 28 is shown for the injection lances 26 shown there. It can be seen in Fig. 2, the injection lances 26 in an injection position, in which up to a depth t of about 200 mm below the lower edge U of the thresholds 14 in the ballast bed 12 are penetrated and the exit region of the United fixing mass from the injection lances 26, which is denoted by 32 , even if the threshold 14 lies below the lower edge U and also covers the entire depth range t by the injection jet direction being directed partly upwards.

Referring to FIG. 3, the injection lance 26 is secured by means of a Lanzenflansches 34 to a support flange 36 of the ram mechanism 28, so that the Injek tion lance 26 stays in the arrow Rich by downward movement of the ram assembly 28 can be lowered 38 and pushed into the ballast bed 12.

The injection lance 26 comprises a shaft 40 with an upper Schaftab section 42 which is directly connected to the flange 34 and is attached to the ram device 28 . A flange 44 is welded to the shaft section 42 . A middle shaft section 46 is pushed overlapping onto the lower end of the shaft section 42 . The connection of the upper shaft section 42 to the middle shaft section 46 is made by means of the flange 44 and another flange 48 welded to the middle shaft section 46 by means of bolts 50 .

A lower shaft section 52 is screwed into the lower end of the shaft section 46 at 54 . A tip 56 is screwed onto this lower shaft section 52 at 58 . The tip 56 is designed with a polygon 60 for the purpose of screwing onto the lower shaft section 52 .

In the upper shaft section 42 run two longitudinal channels 62 and 64 , one 62 of which is intended for supplying the hardener of a multi-component resin and the other 64 of which is intended for supplying the basic resin component of the resin in question. The connection point between the upper shaft section 42 and the middle shaft section 46 is sealed by seals 66 and 68 .

The middle shaft portion 46 has to be recorded on a static Mi exchanger 77 has a central bore 70 into which a grooved mandrel 72 is set. This grooved mandrel 72 is supported at its lower end on a support surface 74 of the lower shaft portion 52 . The grooved mandrel being right-handed three and three left-handed helical grooves 76 and 78 provided in is ner surface and covered with a cover tube 80, which covers the grooves 76 and 78th Between the upper end of the grooved mandrel 72 and the lower end of the upper shaft portion 42 , a mixing chamber 82 is formed. On the one hand, the upper ends of the grooves 76 and 78 adjoin this mixing chamber. At their lower ends, the spiral grooves 76 and 78 run into a longitudinal bore 84 of the lower shaft section 52 .

Between a shoulder surface 86 of the lower shaft section 52 and a shoulder surface 87 of the shaft tip 56 , a package of nozzle rings is clamped, which is denoted overall by 88 . Further details regarding this package 88 of nozzle rings can be found in FIGS. 4 and 5. The package 88 of nozzle rings is composed of an upper and lower nozzle ring 90 and intermediate central nozzle rings 92 . All nozzle rings 90 and 92 are centered with radially inwardly directed webs 94 and 96 on a centering part 98 of the lower shaft section 52 and are flush with their outer peripheral surfaces 97 and 99 to the outer peripheral surface of the middle shaft section 46 . Each pair of two successive nozzle rings , that is, each of the pairs 90-92 , 92-92 , 92- 90 , delimits nozzles between them and can be understood as an annular jacket insert unit or ring unit.

As can be seen from FIG. 4, the webs 96 are provided with axially directed bores 100 and centered on the centering part 98 . In the centering part 98 longitudinal grooves 102 are provided, which are connected via branch holes 104 to the longitudinal bore 84 .

Between adjacent nozzle rings 90 and 92 or 92 and 92 , spacer disks 106 are inserted, each of which consists of a hub part 108 and radial projections 110 according to FIG. 5. The hub parts 108 are centered on the centering part 98 of the lower shaft section 52 , while the radial projections 110 lie between the respectively associated nozzle rings 90 , 92 or 92 , 92 and thus determine the distance of the respectively associated nozzle rings from one another in the axial direction. Referring to FIG. 5, the radial projections 110 are spike-like and narrow ausgebil det in the circumferential direction; they end in the region of the facing nozzle boundary surfaces 112 of the nozzle rings 90 and 92 , which each delimit an annular nozzle 114 between them. The ring nozzle 114 is, as shown in FIG. 5, thanks to the dimensioning of the radial projections 110 practically ringför open on its entire circumference. Radially inside the nozzle rings 90 and 92 , annular spaces 116 are formed between the webs 94 and 96 or 96 and 96 and on both sides of the spacer disks 106 , via which the annular nozzles 114 are connected to the branch bores 104 and ultimately to the longitudinal bore 84 .

The outer diameter of the nozzle rings 90 and 92 is approximately 60 mm. Incidentally, the FIG. 3 is drawn approximately to scale, so that blank from the diameter information 60 taken approximately mm, the other dimensions. The wall thickness of the spacers 106 is, for example, 0.1 mm or less. This dimension corresponds to the axial height of the ring nozzles 114 . The nozzle rings 90 , 92 can be tapered on their surfaces delimiting the ring nozzles 114 , so that the ring nozzles 114 receive either a directional component downward or a directional component upward or an enlargement radially outward.

In FIG. 6 5 a differently designed spacer is provided as an alternative to FIGS. 106 A with a hub part 108 a, which does not form a ring die, but a Sektordüse 114 a in contrast to FIG. 5.

The longitudinal channel 62 is connected via a radial bore 118, in this Radialboh tion 118 screwed connection fitting 120, and a flexible pressure hose 122 connected to a supply unit and receives from this the hardener component of a polyurethane resin, that is a polyol-Kom component of the polyurethane resin. On the other hand, a fitting 126 , which belongs to a flexible pressure hose 128 , is screwed into a radial bore 124 of the upper shaft part 42 , which is connected to the longitudinal channel 64 . This flexible pressure hose 128 in turn leads to the supply unit and leads to the resin component of the polyurethane resin, namely a diisocyanate. The two components are mixed together for the first time in the mixing chamber 82 and then enter from the mixing chamber 82 into the right-handed and left-handed spiral grooves 76 and 78 . At the intersection of a right-handed and a left-handed spiral groove, further turbulence occurs, so that the mixing of the two components th upon arrival in the longitudinal bore 84 is practically homogeneous.

The pressure of the polyol component in the area of the radial bore 118 and the pressure of the diisocyanate component in the radial bore 124 is, for example, 100 bar. The viscosity values of the polyol component and the diisocyanate component in the area of the radial bores 118 and 124 are set to approximately 750 mPa. In the following it will be discussed how these pressures and viscosities are set at the entrance of the injection lance 26 , ie in the area of the radial bores 118 and 124 . The flow cross-sections of the radial bores 118 , 124 , the longitudinal channels 62 , 64 , the coiled grooves 76 and 78 , the longitudinal bore 84 , the radial bores 104 , the longitudinal grooves 102 , the annular spaces 116 and the annular nozzles 114 are selected such that with an intended delivery quantity of at least 8 l / min. of the mixture a pressure of approx. 22 bar is established in the annular spaces 116 . Under these process conditions, a flat round jet emerges from the ring nozzle 114 according to FIGS. 4 and 5; regardless of the macroscopic beam configuration, this flat omnidirectional jet is already dissolved in droplets. These droplets hit gravel stones, which the injection lance 26 also abut in the area of the packet 88 of nozzle rings. The droplets are scattered on the ballast stones depending on the shape and geometry of the ballast stones at a more or less large radial distance from the nozzle outlet and, assuming an average size of the ballast stones of 50 mm, penetrate into the ballast bed over a radial path of approx. 350 mm, measured from the outlet of the nozzles 114 . Droplets scattered back on gravel lead to a further resolution of the omnidirectional jet, which was only microscopically formed by droplets.

The nozzle geometries as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, taking into account the distribution of the injection lances shown in FIG. 1 is selected so that band-shaped areas are created solidification 22 of FIG. 1. It has been shown that with a viscosity of 750 mPa and a basalt ballast with an average stone size of 50 mm, a spreading distribution of the polyurethane resin occurs on the ballast stones. The resin mixture lies in thin layers on the surfaces of the ballast stones and accumulates in particular where two neighboring ballast stones lie against each other. The pot life of the resin mixture is set to 15 minutes, for example. This pot life is short enough, on the one hand, to ensure that the resin mixture introduced does not undesirably drip to the bottom of the ballast bed 12 , on the other hand long enough to prevent the group from moving for the injection lance 26 or an injection lance one injection site to the next no hardening of resin residues occurs within the injection lance 26 , which could hinder the resumption of operation after reaching the new injection position. If a method was described in the foregoing, in which a band-shaped solidification zone 22 is generated below each rail 16 , it should not be ruled out that other solidification patterns can also be selected by appropriate injection lance distribution and nozzle design. It is conceivable to carry out consolidation only in the area of intersection of rail 16 and threshold 14 . However, it is also conceivable to solidify the entire ballast bed 12 as a whole. It is also conceivable to undertake the hardening only in areas of particular stress, for example in curve areas, and in transition areas between different surfaces, for example transition areas on bridges. Of particular interest for the application of the method according to the invention is the consolidation beneath rails 16 , where solidification cannot be accomplished by applying curtain-like films to the surface of the ballast bed 12 . To solidify the ballast bed 12 below the respective rail 16 , the injection lance 26 is usually allowed to penetrate into the ballast bed through the respective compartment filling so that the packet 88 of nozzle rings lies below the lower edge U of the respective threshold 14 . However, it is not excluded to give the nozzles 114 a directional effect which deviates from the horizontal outflow direction by means of a correspondingly conical configuration of the nozzle boundary surfaces 112 . Furthermore, it is possible to diverge so that the nozzle boundary surfaces 112 forming an annular nozzle 114 form a ring nozzle 114 in such a way that, viewed in a cross section containing the axis of the injection lance 26 , diverging jets emerge from the ring nozzles 114 , with a horizontal blasting agent area or, if desired an abrasive area that is more or less inclined up or down against the horizontal.

A particular advantage of the lance design according to the invention is that different jet configurations can be obtained by exchanging the nozzle rings 90 , 92 or / and the spacers 106 . Thanks to the longitudinal grooves 102 in the centering part 98 of the lower shaft portion 52 of the lower stem portion can be designed differently 52 the packages 88 of nozzle rings without exchange.

The tip 56 of FIG. 3 is designed as a wear tip that can be easily replaced after a certain wear condition has been exceeded. The tip 56 is screwed up at 58 on the shaft portion 52 . After unscrewing the tip 56 , different nozzle rings 90 and 92 can be clamped between the shoulder surfaces 86 and the shoulder surface 87 of the shaft tip 56 in order to obtain a wide variety of spray patterns and thus ultimately a wide variety of hardening patterns. The centering part 98 is a screw pin in FIG. 2, which is connected in one piece to the lower shaft section 52 . If you want to greatly extend the nozzle area in the axial direction, it is also possible to replace the lower shaft section 52 and to execute it with a correspondingly longer pin 98 . It is also conceivable to provide the pin 98 at both ends with a screw thread, so that, depending on the axial length of the nozzle area, one only has to use appropriately adapted shorter or longer screw pins.

The nozzle rings 90 , 92 can also be made smaller in diameter than the wear tip 56 and the lower shaft section 52 , so that they are spared when the injection lance 26 is introduced into the ballast bed 12 . The nozzle rings can also be hardened on their endangered surfaces, for example by case hardening.

With a spreading radius of 350 mm, it is sufficient at usual threshold distances to set injection lances 26 according to FIG. 1 at each threshold in order to obtain a continuous strengthening band.

It should be pointed out again that the injection can take place below the sleepers 14 without the ballast having to be removed from the sleepers. It should also be noted that the mechanical work of hardening, in particular the stuffing, is already finished when the injection lanes 26 are rammed in, so that the consolidation occurring through the injection is not impaired by subsequent stuffing.

If the ballast bed 12 is solidified only under the rails 16 and / or sleepers 14 , because this results in a sufficient hardening for the sleepers or rail support, it may still be desirable to have a surface hardening with the same in the non-solidified ballast areas or similar material by spraying a film of solidifying compound there or putting it on film. This can detach individual gravel elements such. B. avoided by the vacuum occurring in high-speed trains who the. Even with such surface consolidation, care should be taken to ensure that the water permeability is maintained.

The static mixer 77 can be made of stainless steel or light metal to prevent corrosion. The cross sections of the spiral grooves 76 and 78 can be rectangular; they are preferably semicircular because this makes cleaning easier. As an alternative to the mixer shown in FIG. 3, other static mixers can also be used as are commercially available, e.g. B. Mixers in which a flow section through which the components to be mixed have a plurality of turbulence-generating inserts.

According to a further alternative, it is also possible to install a dynamic mixer in the injection lance. This can again take place at the point where the mixer 77 is also used in FIG. 3. Of course, it is also possible to attach the mixer 77 , regardless of whether it is a static or dynamic mixer, outside the injection lance, and to a greater or lesser distance from the injection lance, depending on the pot life of the resulting mixture.

Before an injection lance 26 is idle for a longer period of time, it is advisable to carry out cleaning by pumping through solvent so that there are no disruptive blockages when it is put back into operation. If blockages occur nevertheless, they can be removed relatively easily by the dismantling of the injection lance 26 .

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 7, analog parts are provided with the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 1-5, each supplemented by the index b.

In Fig. 7 rests against the shoulder surface 86 b of the lower shaft section 52 b a socket plate 170 b to. A nozzle ring 174 b lies between this mounting plate 170 b and a further mounting plate 172 b. It is conceivable that the mounting plate 172 b also forms a holder for a further nozzle ring on its underside, which is not shown, and that further holder plates for a second, third ... nozzle ring follow at the bottom. The nozzle ring 174 b is received by recesses 176 b and 178 b of the mounting plates 170 b and 172 b and centered by the limiting projections 180 b and 182 b of the mounting plates 170 b and 172 b and secured against radial outward movement. The nozzle ring 174 b has a plurality of nozzles 184 b, which are formed by individual bores in the example. It is also conceivable that again nozzle bodies for calibration and / or jet orientation are inserted in the holes 184 b. In the event that no further inserts are used, the holes 184 b have a cross section of 0.03-0.1 mm ² , preferably approximately 0.05 mm ² , at the narrowest point, so that the beam cross section of the emerging Beam takes on approximately the same size. The pressure in the annular chamber 186 b upstream of the nozzle bores 184 b is set to approximately 20-25 bar, preferably approximately 22 bar. For the pressure setting, the admission pressure, which prevails in the pressure hoses 122 and 128 , and the pressure drop in the static mixer 77 , which is again dependent on the viscosity, the flow rate and the flow resistance, are decisive. The nozzle bores 184 b are drawn in FIG. 7 in a plane that is orthogonal to the axis of the injection lance. It is also possible to arrange the bores at an angle different from 90 ° against the injection lance axis, so that, as shown in FIG. 2, upward jets are produced which supply the area immediately below the lower edge of the threshold 14 . The bevels 188 b at the limit jumps 180 b and 182 b ensure that regardless of the direction of the nozzle holes 184 b, the rays can penetrate unhindered by the lance structure in the ballast bed.

In the case of a plurality of nozzle rings 178 b arranged one above the other, their joint supply with hardening compound is carried out by a ring chamber 190 b, which is connected by radial bores 104 b to the longitudinal bore 84 of the pin 98 (see FIG. 3).

In the embodiment according to FIG. 8, analog parts are provided with the same reference symbols as in FIG. 7, the index b being replaced by index c.

The nozzle rings 174 c are used in FIG. 8 in ring grooves 176 c of the mounting plates 170 c and 172 c. Otherwise, the two Ausfüh approximate shapes according to FIGS . 7 and 8.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 7 and 8, an exchange of the casing insert units 170 c- 174 c- 172 c is also possible, as described in connection with the description of the embodiments according to FIGS. 3-6. It can be seen in FIG. 8 that the holes in the upper nozzle ring 174 c are directed upwards, while the holes in the lower nozzle ring 174 c are arranged in a plane orthononal to the axis. This produces exactly the spray pattern which is shown in FIG. 2.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 9, a one-piece nozzle carrier ring 192 d is clamped between the shoulder surface 86 d of the lower shaft section 52 d and the shoulder surface 87 d of the tip 56 d, which receives a plurality of nozzle bodies 194 d in a screw seat. The nozzle body 194 d can accommodate different nozzle bodies depending on the direction and cross section. The nozzle body can be distributed differently over the circumference of the injection lances. Where no steel is required, the nozzle body 194 d can be replaced by a blind plug 196 d. In this embodiment, it is not necessary to remove the nozzle carrier ring 192 d in order to change the spray pattern. Of course, it is possible, however, to replace the nozzle carrier ring 192 d with a different one, for example if you want to distribute nozzles over a greater axial height. It is also conceivable to dispense with the nozzle carrier ring 192 d and to insert the nozzle bodies 194 d directly into bores of the injection lance, that is to say approximately the lower shaft section 52 d.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 10, the lower shaft section 52 e can be seen, on the underside of which the tip 56 according to FIGS. 3 and 4 is fastened. From below are milled in the lower shaft section 52 e behind cut grooves 198 e, in which nozzle carrier strips 200 e are taken up. These nozzle carrier strips 200 e are fixed in the axial direction by the tip, not shown, in that the nozzle carrier strips 200 e in turn rest against a shoulder surface of the lower shaft section or the tip. In the nozzle carrier strips 200 e, the nozzle bores 184 e can be drilled with a varying cross section and direction, so that different spray patterns can be generated by exchanging nozzle carrier strips with different nozzle arrangements. Here, an individual nozzle 184 e can be closed by locking pins 201 e, which are secured by pin heads 203 e to the radially outside and can be accommodated in longitudinal grooves 205 e of the shaft section 52 e.

In Fig. 11, a supply unit is shown, which is applicable to all forms of execution. In the following, reference is made to the embodiment according to FIGS. 1-5. From the supply unit, the two resin components pass through the hoses 122 , 128 to the injection lance 26 . One can see in FIG. 11 as part of the injection lance 26 the static mixer formed by the right-handed and left-handed spiral grooves, which is denoted here overall by 77 , and the tip 56 of the injection lance 26 .

It can be seen in Fig. 11 further includes a storage tank 132 component for the resin-Grundkom, that the diisocyanate content of a polyurethane resin and a pre rats tank 134 for the hardener content, ie the proportion of the polyol Polyurethanhar zes. A pump 136 for the diisocyanate portion, hereinafter referred to as the resin pump, sucks the diisocyanate portion out of the storage tank 132 and conveys it back into the storage tank 132 via a bypass valve 138 , as long as the injection lance 26 is not in operation. Furthermore, a hardener pump 140 sucks the polyol portion from the storage tank 134 and conveys it back into the storage tank 134 via a bypass valve 142 . In this way, the two components, the polyol component and the diisocyanate component, kept in constant circulation. The storage tanks 132 and 134 are each equipped with a heat exchanger 144 and 146 . The heat exchangers 144 and 146 are connected in series and are flowed through by a thermal oil, which is received in a thermostat tank 148 . The thermostat tank 148 is equipped with heating rods 150 . A thermal oil pump 152 circulates the thermal oil and drives it successively through the heat exchangers 144 and 146 . The heating rods 150 are connected to an electrical power supply using a temperature control and ensure the maintenance of a certain temperature in the storage tanks 132 and 134 , which corresponds to the desired viscosity of the polyol portion and the diisocyanate portion. The resin pump 136 and the hardener pump 140 are driven by a pump motor via a chain drive 156 . The two circulation circuits of the polyol portion and the Diisocya nat portion are separated from each other, so that the two portions can not come into Mi mixture as long as the injection lance 26 is out of operation. When the injection is to begin, the bypass valves 138 and 142 are switched according to the lower detail - synchronously by using a coupling rod 158 - so that the delivery sides of the resin pump 136 and the hardener pump 140 with the flexible pressure hoses 128 and 122, respectively get connected.

The table below shows the dependence of the viscosity of the resin com component diisocyanate (S4SLV) and the dependence of the viscosity of the hardener Component polyol (XB8) represented by the temperature.  

Viscosity as a function of temperature (° C) in mPa

The viscosity measurement was carried out using a BROOKFIELD digital viscometer MODEL DV-II.
Basic data:
Spindle: 0402
Speed: 10 rpm
Comment:
Measurements with spindle 02 are converted to the results with spindle 04 (averaged factor f = 32).

It can be seen that in a temperature range of 20-42.5 ° C the viscosity values (each indicated in mPa) are approximated. With the help of the thermal oil circuit and heat exchangers 144 , 146, the temperatures of the two components S4SLV and XB8 will be set to values between 20 and 42.5 ° C in order to achieve approximately the same viscosity values in both components. Almost the same viscosities of both components are conducive to easy mixing of the two components. By selecting certain temperatures within the temperature range of 20 ° C - 42.5 ° C, it is possible to set the viscosities of both components to different, but approximately identical values.

If the viscosity dependencies of the various components differ from the temperature, so that at the same temperature values within the working areas in question, no approximately the same viscosity values can be achieved, one can assign a separate heat exchanger with separate temperature control to each of the storage tanks 132 and 134 , so that you can adjust the two components to those temperature values at which the approximately desired viscosity values occur for easy miscibility.

The resin pumps 136 and hardener pumps 140 used in the processing device are preferably implemented as gear pumps.

The pumps are preferably also left in during temporary operation Refractions from the injection process continue, thanks to the circulation circuit runs is possible. The advantage of this is that the excessive stress pumping when switching off and on are avoided.

By means of pre-pressure transmitters 160 , 162 it can be achieved that no or reduced pressure surges occur on the pumps when the valves 138 , 142 are switched over.

In all the embodiments described so far, work is carried out with very narrowly limited rays, this applies in particular to the embodiments according to FIGS. 7-10, in which punctiform rays are sprayed out. The cross section of these punctiform beams is preferably set to the range of 0.03-0.1 mm ² , most preferably approximately 0.05 mm ² . With these fine jets, a resolution of the jet into individual droplets is achieved already at the outlet or just behind the outlet from the nozzles. This is advantageous in order to form a layer of liquid which is as uniform but as thin as possible on the gravel stones concerned and which is then concentrated in the areas of contact of adjacent gravel stones. At the entrance to the nozzles, a pressure of the order of 20-25 bar must be maintained with the very fine jets. It is also necessary to ensure a low viscosity so that there is any flow through the nozzles and a defined amount of discharge can be expected. Since the prevalence of low temperatures leads to increased viscosities of the components and the mixture, the temperature-controlled supply unit shown in FIG. 11 is in any case preferably used when low ambient and ballast bed temperatures are to be expected. With the help of this supply unit, however, the viscosity can in principle always be checked even at higher ambient temperatures and thus ultimately the extent of the hardening zone, which depends on the one hand on the penetration depth of the jet and on the other hand on the dripping behavior.

The supply unit described above inevitably takes into account the ambient temperature by placing the components of the mixture on a temperature set on the thermostat. Not yet considered the temperature of the ballast bed is visible. The temperature of the gravel betts has a major impact on vertical penetration in that by the temperature of the ballast bed the viscosity of the on the ballast stone already deposited mixture is affected and thus the drip behavior. If the ballast bed is very cold, the viscosity of the discharged mixed quickly, and the tendency to drip decreases with the As a result, the vertical penetration depth is reduced. This phenomenon will also not fully compensated for by the fact that as the temperature of the Ballast bed also decreases the curing speed of the mixture and is therefore available for a long time for draining. For this Basically, it is further proposed according to the invention that the temperature of the Ballast bed is considered to a desired vertical depth of penetration to reach. Various control parameters can be used for this:

In accordance with the measured ballast bed temperature, with the temperature control of the supply unit remaining unchanged, the amount sprayed out per unit of time can be increased by increasing the delivery pressure of the resin pump 136 and the hardener pump 140 . The tendency of the vertical penetration depth to decrease as a result of a reduced tendency to drip is then compensated for by the greater amount of the mixture supplied.

One can also according to the measured ballast bed tempera tur change the viscosity of the mixture about so that with increasing ballast bed temperature increases the viscosity Control point in the supply unit reduced. Then it becomes follow the ballast bed temperature reduced tendency to drain compensates for the fact that the viscosity of the mixture on impact on the gravel stones is enlarged.

One can also with otherwise unchanged control behavior in the supplier unit prolong the spraying time, which ultimately results in a Increasing the amount of mixture applied leads.

Ultimately, it is also conceivable to influence the ballast bed tempera door takes. You can, for example, the ballast bed by hot air blowers heat the burner. It is sufficient U., only thin surfaces at a time layers of gravel to heat up to a temperature that is approximately stops during the draining process.

Claims (63)

1. Device for solidifying a ballast bed ( 12 ), in particular a ballast bed ( 12 ) of the railway track construction, based on the principle of introducing a liquid, hardening mass after hardening into the ballast bed ( 12 ), this device comprises one for introduction into the ballast bed ( 12 ) suitable introduction tubular body ( 26 ) with at least one feed connection ( 118 , 124 ) for the still liquid solidifying compound or components of this hardening compound and with at least one end part ( 56 ) or tip part distant from the feed connection ( 118 , 124 ), this introduction tubular body ( 26 ) is provided in the region of a lateral surface with a nozzle system ( 114 ) which is designed to produce a jet field extending in the circumferential or / and in the longitudinal direction of the lateral surface and directed away from the tubular body peraxis, characterized in that the Outflow area made of rigid material The nozzle system ( 114 ) is attached to at least one sheath insert unit ( 90-92 ) remote from the tip, which is made separately from the remaining parts of the insertion tube body ( 26 ). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles ( 114 ) of the nozzle system ( 114 ) are designed and arranged to generate one or more flat jets. 3. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the nozzles ( 114 ) for generating at least one with increasing radial distance from the axis of the insertion tube body ( 26 ) diverging flat jet are formed and arranged. 4. Device according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the nozzles ( 114 ) are designed and arranged for generating at least one round flat jet. 5. Device according to one of claims 2-4, characterized in that the nozzles ( 114 a) are designed and arranged for generating at least one sec tor jet. 6. Device according to one of claims 2-5, characterized in that the nozzles ( 114 ) for generating at least one flat jet are formed, which lies in a plane orthogonal to the axis of the insertion tube body ( 26 ). 7. Device according to one of claims 1-6, characterized in that the nozzles ( 114 ) for generating at least one flat jet are formed, the flat jet surface with respect to the axis of the bring-in tube body ( 26 ) at a different angle from 90 ° GE is inclined . 8. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles ( 184 b) are designed and arranged to generate at least one spot beam. 9. Device according to claim 8, characterized in that the nozzles ( 184 b) are designed and arranged to generate at least one point jet with a cross section close to the nozzle of 0.03-0.1 mm ² , preferably approximately 0.05 mm ² . 10. The device according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the nozzles ( 184 b) are formed and arranged for generating at least one spot beam which lies in an orthogonal plane to the axis of the insertion tube body ( 26 b). 11. Device according to one of claims 8-10, characterized in that the nozzles ( 184 c) are designed and arranged to generate a spot beam which forms an angle different from 90 ° with the axis of the insertion tube body ( 26 c). 12. Device according to one of claims 1-11, characterized in that the nozzles ( 184 b) are designed to generate at least one jet dissolved in droplets shortly after nozzle exit. 13. Device according to one of claims 1-12, characterized in that the jacket insert unit ( 90-92 ) as an annular jacket insert unit ( 90-92 ) is formed, which preferably between each shoulder surface ( 87 ) of a nearer part ( 56 ) and a shoulder surface ( 86 ) of a distal part ( 52 ) of the insertion tube body ( 26 ) is centered and axially fixed. 14. Device according to claim 13, characterized in that the parts: the nearer part ( 56 ) and the distal part ( 52 ) by one of the annular jacket insert units ( 90-92 ) vice versa connecting pin ( 98 ) are interconnected. 15. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the connecting pin ( 98 ) is integrally connected to one of the parts ( 52 , 56 ). 16. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the connecting pin is connected as a separate element to each of the parts ( 52 , 56 ). 17. Device according to one of claims 14-16, characterized in that the connecting pin ( 98 ) serves indirectly or directly for centering at least one annular jacket insert unit ( 90-92 ). 18. Device according to one of claims 14-16, characterized in that the connecting pin ( 98 ) contains a feed section ( 84 ) of the feed line for the solidifying compound from the feed connection ( 118 , 124 ) to the nozzle system ( 114 ). 19. Apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the supply line section (84) extends centrally within the connection pin (98) and by at least one radial bore (104) of the connecting pin (98) having a nozzle plenum (102, 116) is connected, which is provided in the respective annular jacket insert unit ( 90-92 ) and / or radially between the respective jacket insert unit ( 90-92 ) and the connecting pin ( 98 ). 20. A device according to any one of claims 13-19, characterized in that the acute further part (56) is formed directly by a tip body (56). 21. Device according to one of claims 13-20, characterized in that an annular jacket insert unit ( 90-92 ) with flat nozzles ( 114 ) is formed by two nozzle rings ( 90 , 92 ), between which at least one flat nozzle ( 114 ) is formed is. 22. The device according to claim 21, characterized in that between the two nozzle rings ( 90 , 92 ) spacing means ( 106 ) are inserted. 23. The device according to claim 22, characterized in that the spacing means ( 106 a) determine the position and extent of segment ment nozzles ( 114 a). 24. Device according to one of claims 13-23, characterized in that the annular jacket insert unit ( 170 c- 174 c- 172 c) a nozzle ring ( 174 c) with nozzles drilled therein ( 184 c), in particular point jet nozzles ( 184 c) includes. 25. The device according to claim 24, characterized in that the nozzle ring ( 174 c) lies at least on one side on a nozzle ring-Fas solution plate ( 170 c, 172 c), which in turn is supported on at least one shoulder surface ( 86 c). 26. The device according to claim 25, characterized in that the nozzle ring ( 174 c) engages with an annular edge in an annular recess ( 176 c) of a nozzle ring mounting plate ( 170 c, 172 c). 27. Device according to one of claims 1-26, characterized in that the jacket insert unit ( 194 d) is formed by a stopper ( 194 d) with at least one nozzle ( 184 d) which is used directly or indirectly in a corresponding jacket recess and is anchored therein, in particular is releasably anchored. 28. The device according to claim 27, characterized in that the plug ( 194 d) is designed as a screw plug. That the jacket insert unit at least one nozzle carrier strip comprises 29 Device according to one of claims 1-28, characterized in that (200 e) (200 e), which (198 e) of the circumferential surface is in an axial groove is set and at least one nozzle bore (184 e ) and / or at least one insert hole for a nozzle body. 30. Device according to claim 29, characterized in that the nozzle carrier strip ( 200 e) is inserted into an undercut axial groove ( 198 e). 31. Device according to one of claims 1-30, characterized in that the jacket insert unit contains a plurality of nozzle bodies ( 194 d) inserted, if desired, releasably or adjustably. 32. Device according to one of claims 1-31, characterized in that the jacket insert unit ( 170 b- 172 b) is at least in the region of the respective nozzle outlet with respect to the outer surface of a pipe body ( 26 b) is radially reset. 33. Device according to claim 32, characterized in that the step offset corresponding step surfaces ( 188 b) are chamfered in the sense of an enlargement of the beam angle range. 34. Device according to one of claims 1-33, characterized in that at least part of the jacket insert units ( 90-92 ) and / or at least part of the nozzle body ( 194 d) is interchangeable. 35. Device according to one of claims 1-34, characterized in that at least some of the nozzles ( 184 e) of the nozzle system can be closed ver. 36. Device according to one of claims 13-35, characterized in that the length of the insertion tube body ( 26 ) can be varied by exchanging ring-shaped jacket insert units ( 90-92 ) and / or changing the number of jacket insert units ( 90-92 ). 37. Device according to one of claims 1-36, characterized in that in a nozzle system ( 114 ) preceding inflow path ( 122-84 ) for the solidifying compound or components of the solidifying compound is a mixing device ( 77 ). 38. Device according to claim 37, characterized in that the mixing device ( 77 ) is formed by a static mixer ( 77 ). 39. Device according to claim 37, characterized in that the mixing device ( 77 ) is formed by a dynamic mixer. 40. Device according to one of claims 37-39, characterized in that the mixing device ( 77 ) is housed in the insertion tube body ( 26 ). 41. Device according to one of claims 37-40, characterized in that the mixing device ( 77 ) is accommodated axially in a region of the insertion tube body ( 26 ) remote from the tip between the feed connection ( 118 , 124 ) and an axial region containing the nozzle system ( 114 ). 42. Device according to one of claims 1-41, characterized in that at a trailing end of the insertion tube body ( 26 ) formed as a lance shaft, fastening means ( 34 ) for fastening the insertion tube body ( 26 ) to an insertion device ( 28 ) and connections ( 118 , 124 ) for connection of the insertion tube body ( 26 ) to a solidifying material supply or to solidifying material components are provided. 43. Device according to claim 42, characterized in that the insertion tube body ( 26 ) is designed for attachment to an insertion device ( 28 ), in particular a tamping or compression tool. 44. Device according to one of claims 1-43, characterized in that the insertion tube body ( 26 ) is designed for mounting on a ballast bed the ballast treatment trolley ( 24 ). 45. Device according to one of claims 1-44, characterized in that a plurality of insertion tube bodies ( 26 ) on a ballast bed treatment trolley ( 24 ) in a mutual geometric assignment are arranged or adjustable, which by a rail threshold Crossing corresponds to corresponding sector fields (S1-S4). 46. Preparation device for the preparation of hardening compound or hardening compound components, in particular in connection with a device according to one of claims 1-45, characterized by at least one storage device ( 132 , 134 ) for a hardening compound or for at least one hardening compound component, one Circulation circulating device for circulating the hardening compound or hardening compound component contained in the at least one storage device ( 132 , 134 ) in a circulating circuit, a valve-controllable branch ( 138 , 142 ) from the circulating circuit to the nozzle system ( 114 ) and controlled heating ( 150 ) for the hardening compound or the at least one hardening compound component for maintaining a predetermined temperature. 47. Method for solidifying a ballast bed, based on the principle of introducing a liquid, hardening mass after hardening into the ballast bed using at least one pipe body ( 26 ) suitable for being brought up to the ballast bed ( 12 ) with at least one feed connection ( 118 , 124 ) for the still liquid hardening compound or components of this hardening compound and with a nozzle system ( 114 ), in particular operating method for the device according to one of claims 1-46, characterized in that a basic construction kit ( 42 , 46 , 52 , 56 ) of the insertion tube body ( 26 ) with jacket insert units ( 90-92 ) according to a desired solidification pattern. 48. Method for solidifying a ballast bed, based on the principle of introducing a liquid, hardening mass after hardening into the ballast bed using at least one pipe body ( 26 ) suitable for being brought up to the ballast bed ( 12 ) with at least two feed connections ( 118 , 124 ) for the components of this hardening compound and with a nozzle system ( 114 ), in particular operating methods for the device according to one of claims 1-46, possibly in conjunction with the method features of claim 47, characterized in that at least one of the shortly before processing Components are subjected to a temperature setting that leads to an approximation or adjustment of the viscosities of the individual components, and that the merging and mixing of the components takes place after approximation or adjustment of the viscosities. 49. Method for solidifying a ballast bed, based on the principle of introducing a liquid, hardening mass after hardening into the ballast bed using at least one insertion pipe body ( 26 ) suitable for insertion into the ballast bed ( 12 ) with at least one feed connection ( 122 , 128 ) for the still liquid hardening compound or components of this hardening compound and with a nozzle system ( 114 ), in particular operating methods for the device according to one of claims 1-46, optionally with the method features according to one of claims 47-56, characterized in that the vertical penetration depth of the hardening compound in the ballast bed, measured from the level of the radiation injection, in accordance with sensed ambient conditions influencing the dripping behavior, such as ambient temperature, ballast bed temperature, ballast granule, influenced by at least one of the following setting parameters rd:
Viscosity of the setting compound, this can be influenced, for. B. by the temperature of the hardening mass,
Inflow amount of solidification mass per unit of time, this z. B. adjustable by adjusting the pressure at the nozzle inlet,
Setting the injection duration,
Setting the temperature of the ballast bed. 50. The method according to claim 48 or 49, characterized in that the solidifying mass or the at least one component to be subjected to the temperature setting is held in heat exchange (at 144 , 146 ) with a temperature-correcting medium. 51. The method according to any one of claims 48-50, characterized in that the strengthening compound or the at least one component to be subjected to the temperature setting is pumped around in a closed circuit containing a storage vessel ( 132 , 134 ) and that this circuit according to the strengthening compound If necessary, the setting compound or the component subjected to the temperature setting is removed and fed to the mixture. 52. The method according to any one of claims 48-51, characterized, that several or all components of the temperature setting under will be thrown. 53. The method according to any one of claims 48-52, characterized in that the temperature is adjusted by heat exchange (at 144 , 146 ) with a temperature-controlled heat carrier in a further circuit. 54. Method for solidifying a ballast bed, based on the principle of introducing a liquid, hardening mass after hardening into the ballast bed using at least one insertion pipe body ( 26 ) suitable for insertion into the ballast bed ( 12 ) with at least one feed connection ( 124 , 118 ) for the still liquid hardening compound or components of this hardening compound and with a nozzle system ( 114 ), in particular operating methods for the device according to one of claims 1-46, possibly in conjunction with the method features according to one of claims 47-53, characterized that the injection takes place substantially below the level (U) of the respective rail bottom threshold after the injection lance ( 26 ) has been pushed in through the ballast material of the respective sleeper compartment ( 20 ) with a corresponding penetration depth. 55. Method for solidifying a ballast bed, based on the principle of introducing a liquid, hardening mass after hardening into the ballast bed using at least one insertion pipe body ( 26 ) suitable for insertion into the ballast bed ( 12 ) with at least one feed connection ( 124 , 118 ) for the still liquid hardening compound or components of this hardening compound and with a nozzle system ( 114 ), in particular operating methods for the device according to one of claims 1-46, possibly in conjunction with the method features according to one of claims 47-54, characterized that the liquid solidification mass is discharged in the form of injection jets, which have a cross section of 0.03-0.1 mm ² , preferably about 0.05 mm ² . 56. The method according to claim 55, characterized, that the injection jets are formed as point jets, preferably as point beams with a circular cross-section. 57. The method according to claim 55 or 56, characterized, that the injection jets by a supply pressure of 20-25 bar on Nozzle inlet can be generated.   58. The method according to any one of claims 47-57, characterized, that a solidification mass is used, which at the time their exit from the nozzle system due to their viscosity and their Surface tension a spreading behavior regarding the respective owns gravel material. 59. The method according to any one of claims 47-58, characterized, that the solidifying mass with such pressure and such Outflow amount per unit of time is brought out to flow due to the exit impulse within the ballast bed via a Radius of spread from approx. 20 to approx. 50 cm, preferably from approx. 35 cm, measured from the nozzle outlet. 60. The method according to any one of claims 47-59, characterized, that a hardening compound based on polyurethane resin or Epo xy resin base is used. 61. The method according to any one of claims 47-60, characterized in that a injection tube body designed as an injection lance ( 26 ) is held during the injection in a distributional axial or rotary movement which does not significantly impair the idle state of the surrounding gravel material . 62. The method according to any one of claims 47-61, characterized in that one or more injection tube body ( 26 ) designed as an injection lance (s), based on the outline of an consisting of sleepers ( 14 ) and rails ( 16 ), on the ballast bed ( 12 ) laid rail grate ( 18 ), progressively used in the longitudinal direction of the rails and set in their exit direction so that in the longitudinal direction of the rail below the respective rail ( 16 ) a sequence of consolidation areas or a continuous hardening band ( 22 ) is formed. 63. The method according to claim 62, characterized in that the injection lance ( 26 ) or the injection lances ( 26 ) range in sector areas (S1-S4), preferably all four sector areas, which are caused by the crossing of a rail ( 16 ) with a threshold ( 14 ) are defined, preferably in maximum approximation to the intersection axis.