DE19715248C2 - Roof element for building roofs, especially for buildings in low-energy or passive construction - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a support element resting on Roof element for a building roof mainly made of concrete, especially for buildings with low energy and / or passive construction the spacer for the spaced fastening of a roof covering are attachable and a process for its preparation.

In the course of the general cost pressure both in private and in One strives for business life, the costs for the new building and the Keep the operation of buildings as low as possible. A measure to Achieving this goal is to use as many series as possible moderately prefabricated standard components when building a new building. A Another measure to achieve this goal is to reduce operations costs of a building, for example by saving energy costs in specially designed low-energy or passive houses.

In low-energy and especially passive houses, however, it is necessary that the houses are built as airtight as possible, so that none Room temperature heated air can escape in an uncontrolled manner.  

The airtight sealing of the roof is particularly difficult, because the roof structure is usually made of wood with loose Roof tiles and only leaky insulation is made.

A roof panel for pitched roofs is known from EP 0 494 612 A1, which consists of a roof plate made of reinforced concrete and inside built-in metal bars, the roof covering spaced from the roof panel to be attached to the metal webs can. Between the roof panel and the one so spaced The roof covering can then be covered with a layer of insulation material. With this roof panel, the metal bars are already cast when the Integrated roof plate. This has the disadvantage that the distance between the Roof plate and roof covering no longer changed afterwards can be. In practice, this means that the roof panel according to the EP 0 494 612 A1 already in the factory according to customer requirements the right number of metal bars and the right number with metal bars Height must be provided. These metal bars also form one Cold bridge through which the insulation performance of the roof is reduced.

DE-OS 33 29 685 is a self-supporting, double-shell Known roof element, the supporting lower part made of reinforced concrete is formed on the one-piece longitudinal and transverse ribs for Increased stability are appropriate. This on the outside attached longitudinal and transverse ribs also serve as a supporting element for the roof structure to be removed above to accommodate the bricks. In the remaining space between adjacent ribs, lower part and roof construction is then filled with a heat insulating material. With such a roof structure, the roof structure is only from the screws inserted into the ribs, which are then held on Shear stress. So that this roof structure also for steep The fastening screws and the roofs can be used  individual ribs are sized accordingly to the to be able to absorb acting thrust forces. This is only with one great expense possible.

Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the object to create a roof element that hermetically seals the building and the forces from the roof structure in simple and records inexpensively.

As a technical solution to this problem, the invention proposed that the roof element of the type mentioned to further develop a standardized, a basic part and several Rib plate with supporting ribs, preferably made of reinforced concrete, is used such that the support ribs upwards, that is to say outside, show, and by arranging the spacers on the base part. Depending on the client's wishes, the ribbed panels can either be used their support ribs are aligned horizontally or vertically. At a horizontal alignment of the support ribs, the ribbed plate lies on the Gables or on walls parallel to the gables, while the Ribbed plate with vertically aligned support ribs perpendicular to Gable-facing walls.

A roof element designed according to the invention has the advantage that a prefabricated ribbed plate is used in the factory, which with a reasonable material thickness a comparatively large span has wide. For example, has a ribbed plate with a 6 cm thick Base part and with 16 cm thick support ribs a span of 6 m. Such ribbed plates are inexpensive and are mass-produced yet so light that it can be used with standard vehicles and cranes can be transported to the roof of the respective building.  

The installation of the ribbed plates with the supporting ribs upwards or downwards outside has the advantage, on the one hand, that there is already a 16 cm thick layer Insulating material can be used and on the other hand that the Roof structure is sealed airtight and yet a smooth Ceiling is created, so that the room lying under the roof structure can be used for residential purposes.

When using the ribbed plate with vertical support ribs, it is even possible to insert windows in the pointed roof. Here is analogous to the Construction of a roof truss removed the supporting rib in the area of the window and the free ends of this support rib are covered by horizontal Cross or auxiliary ribs connected to the neighboring support ribs. As a result, at least a large part of the forces can be exerted by the neighboring ones Support ribs can be taken over, so that the installation of a window analogous to a conventional wooden roof structure.

The attachment of the spacers on the base part (and not on the Ribs) has the advantage that the forces emanating from the roof structure be led directly into the ceiling tile and not over the ribs be included. This can make the ribs correspondingly narrow and be carried out inexpensively. Another advantage is there especially with transverse ribs in that the spacers on the cross ribs can rest and thus the thrust forces that occur positive and without correspondingly thick screws or bolts in the Ceiling plate can be initiated. Another advantage is there especially with longitudinal ribs in that the spacer parallel to Longitudinal rib can be attached or screwed to this so that this also ensures good transmission of the thrust forces that occur is guaranteed. Here you can by the number of selected Screw connections also with comparatively thin screws high forces are already transmitted.  

In any case, however, there are no high shear or bending forces, so that the entire roof structure can be carried out easily and inexpensively can.

In a preferred embodiment there are receptacles on the rib plate frame attached to accommodate spacers. This recording frames are already attached to the ribbed plate as standard, so that an inexpensive manufacture of this roof element is possible. On the Construction site then add the desired spacers to the receptacle frame attached to which then, spaced from the ribbed plate, the Roof covering is installed. This enables the distance between the roof covering and the ribbed panel only at the construction site to be determined so that the client's individual wishes are taken into account can be.

In a preferred development, the receiving frame is made of U-shaped Steel, iron or plastic profiles formed in the as a thrust washer trained spacers are used. Here are the thrust slices upright in the frame and carry the roof covering. The use of prefabricated profiles makes it inexpensive to manufacture the mounting frame possible. It has proven to be advantageous the thrust washers along the direction of fall of the pointed roof or Align hipped roofs so that the load of roofing and if necessary, snow or wind pressure lying on the roof in the Roof element can be derived.

In an advantageous development, the spacers are not made of one or poorly heat-conducting material, especially wood or plastic manufactured. This avoids cold spots in the roof, so that a very good thermal insulation is achieved.  

In another, preferred further development are on the receiving frame several anchors formed, by means of which the mounting frame in the concrete of the Ribbed plate is held. In the manufacture of the roof element Recording frame with its anchors in the not yet complete hardened concrete of the base part and so long in this Hold position until the concrete has hardened. It is advantageous just let the mounting frame rest on the concrete. This makes it simple, inexpensive and reliable at the same time Attachment of the mounting frame to the rib plates achieved.

In a preferred embodiment is between the support ribs Insulating material used, the thickness of which is selected so that the insulating material ends flush with the supporting ribs. Doing the recording frame kept freely accessible, so that the thrust washers easily in the mounting frame can be used.

When manufacturing the roof element, the reinforcement of the Ribbed plate prepared, the reinforcement and the dimensions of the Ribbed plate dimensioned according to the static requirements become. Then only the base part with liquid concrete poured out and shaken if necessary to create a flat surface receive. As long as the concrete is still liquid, this will be on this base part Insulation material and the mounting frame placed or pressed in such a way that the area of the support ribs remains free. If necessary, that can Insulation material can be pressed onto the concrete so that it hardens of the concrete is attached to the ribbed plate. This approach has on the one hand the advantage that the insulating material, for example polystyrene or the like, possibly together with the receiving frame, the Function of a formwork for the support ribs, so that a special formwork can be omitted, and secondly, that an attachment, especially sticking, the insulating material is not required. This will create a  significant cost reduction in the manufacture of the roof element reached. After attaching the insulation material, the support ribs can then be poured out.

It has proven to be advantageous to put the insulating material on to fix the still soft concrete, for example to clamp it in place To prevent slipping or blurring of the insulation boards and in order to obtain precisely formed support ribs.

In another preferred embodiment, the Thrust washer mounting holes provided, by means of Through bolts fasteners, especially rafters, for Attachment of the roof covering are attachable. In doing so preferably three parallel rows of rafters used, the middle row corresponds approximately to the thickness of the thrust washer. These three Rows of rafters are preferably four pass through screws held on the thrust washer. Two screws grip through the two outer rafters and the thrust washer, while the other two screws the three rafters directly Connect in front of and immediately behind the thrust washer. By the use of these rafters is an individual construction of the Roofing possible because the total length of the rafters is only on the Construction site is determined. Then on these rafters known roof battens attached to accommodate the roof tiles.

Further advantages of the roof element according to the invention, of the fiction moderate spacer and the inventive method for Manufacture of the roof element result from the description and the attached drawing. The mentioned embodiments are not to be understood as a final list, but rather have exemplary character.

In the drawing are exemplary embodiments of the roof according to the invention shown, based on which the invention is explained in more detail. Show it:

Figure 1 is a schematic, perspective view of a building with a roof element according to the invention.

Fig. 2 is an exploded view of the spacer according to the invention and a section of the roof element according to the invention according to Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a side view of the building of Figure 1 in a sectional view.

Figure 4 is a side view of a second embodiment of a building with a roof element according to the invention, in a sectional view.

FIG. 5 shows a top view of the left half of the building according to FIG. 4;

Fig. 6 is a partial view of the building of FIG. 5 along line VI.

In Figs. 1 to 3 a first embodiment of a building 10 is shown with a roof element 12 according to the invention. This Dachele element 12 comprises a base part 14 , several integrally connected to the base part 14 , in this embodiment horizontally extending support ribs 16 , a plurality of support frames 18 distributed over the entire base part 14 and insulation material 20 arranged between the support ribs 16 .

This roof element 12 lies essentially on the two gables 22 ', 22 "of the building 10 , a ring anchor 26 made of concrete being provided between the masonry 24 and the roof element 12 .

The ribbed plate 28 used here has an approximately 6 cm thick base part 14 , on which approximately 16 cm thick supporting ribs 16 are formed, and is able to span a length of up to 6 m.

The receiving frame 18 are made of U-shaped iron profiles and also have a U-shaped outer contour. Anchors 30 are formed, in particular welded, on the underside of the U-shaped profiles, with which the receiving frame 18 is anchored in the ribbed plate 28 . For this purpose, the holding frame 18 is pressed in the manufacture of the plate fin 28 with its anchor 30 at the desired location in the still liquid concrete, the ribbed plate 28th The receiving frame 18 is dimensioned such that it fits exactly between two adjacent support ribs 16 without the receiving frame 18 itself having to be pressed into the concrete. The underside of the U-shaped receiving frame 18 is only placed on the concrete. After the concrete of the ribbed plate 28 has hardened, the receiving frame 18 is reliably held by the anchors 30 . At the free ends of the receiving frame 18 , holes 32 are provided through which possible spacers can be attached.

A so-called thrust washer 34 , preferably made of carpentry wood, serves as a spacer and can be inserted exactly and almost without play into the U-profiles of the receiving frame 18 . At the upper end of the thrust washer 34 , two fastening openings 36 are provided, to which the roof covering shown here only in part can be fastened.

In the longitudinal direction, ie in the direction of the supporting ribs 16 , receiving frames 18 are provided approximately every 80 cm for receiving the thrust washers 34 . About the height of the roof, ie in the direction transverse to the support ribs 16 , only two receiving frames 18 are provided for receiving the thrust washer 34 . The roof covering is then attached to the upper, free ends of the thrust washers inserted into the receiving frame 18 . For this purpose, first a plurality of laths rafters are fixed to the thrust disks 34 38, and then battens 40 are on the rafter slats 38 in a known manner nailed, the roof tiles are mounted on the. Further details on the fastening of the rafters 38 to the thrust washers 34 are described in connection with FIG. 6.

The rib plate 28 is already provided in the factory with a first layer of insulating material 20 which fills the space between the supporting ribs 16 . For the sake of simpler assembly on the construction site, the mounting frames 18 are left free, so that the thrust washers 34 can be inserted into the mounting frames 18 without any problems. After the ribbed plate 28 is mounted on the building and, if appropriate, after the thrust washers 34 and the associated rafter slats 38 are mounted, a second layer of insulating material 42 is applied to the ribbed plate 28 . This second layer of insulation material 42 can be made almost as thick as desired by the client. Experience has shown, however, that a layer thickness between 30 cm and 50 cm is sufficient for houses in passive construction.

To attach the ribbed plate 28 to the ring anchor 26 , an empty tube 43 is provided at the end in each of the outer supporting ribs 16 , through which fastening screws (not shown) can be inserted, by means of which the ribbed plate 28 is screwed onto the ring anchor 26 . In the area of the empty tubes 43 , recesses 45 are provided which receive the screw head.

As can be seen from FIG. 3, it is also possible to integrate dormers 44 into the roof element 12 . Shortened rib plates 46 are used, on which a dormer wall 48 is then built. The final ribbed plate 50 rests on this dormer wall 48 , and a window 52 is then installed in the front area.

In Figs. 4 to 6 a second embodiment is shown of a roof element according to Invention. In the illustrated in Fig. 4 building 60, the roof member 62 lies, in contrast to the first from non-guiding shape to the gables, but on supporting walls 64 ', 64 "in. Again, part of the holding member 62 a a base portion 66 and integrally formed therewith support ribs 68 having rib plate 70. In contrast to the first embodiment, the rib plate 70 is arranged here in such a way that the supporting ribs 68 are oriented vertically, that is to say from top to bottom, and here too there are a plurality of receiving frames across the width of the roof at a distance of approximately 80 cm 72 is disposed. In contrast to the first embodiment, the receiving frame 72 are arranged parallel to the support ribs 68 so that integrally formed for accommodating the thrust forces caused by the roof covering on the base part 66 auxiliary ribs 74 are provided. These auxiliary ribs 74 each connecting adjacent support ribs 68 of the receiver frame 72 and are so far apart that the recording frame 72 fits flush between two adjacent auxiliary ribs 74 . The receiving frame 72 is used with its anchors 30 , as described above, in the not yet fully hardened concrete and fastened. In this receiving frame 72 , just as in the first embodiment, thrust washers 34 are used with a precise fit, to which the roof covering is then attached. The thrust forces transmitted via the thrust washers 34 to the receiving frame 72 are conducted via the auxiliary ribs 74 into the rib plate 70 and are reliably absorbed by the latter.

With such an arrangement of the ribbed plate 70, there is the possibility, analogous to the construction of a conventional roof truss made of wooden rafters, to interrupt a supporting rib 68 and to connect its free ends to the neighboring supporting ribs 68 by means of auxiliary ribs 74 , in order to thus create a free space for a roof window 76 . Similar to the conventional roof truss, the force to be absorbed by the support rib 68 can also be carried along by the adjacent support ribs 68 .

With reference to FIG. 6, the mounting of the roof covering only Hint example shown here is explained in detail below. This fastening of the roof covering is the same in both embodiments.

As can be seen in FIG. 6, three saving slats 38 arranged next to one another are fastened to the thrust washer 34 . These rafters 38 are attached to the upper edge of the thrust washer 34 , flush with this. A first rafter batten 38 a is arranged to the right of the thrust washer 34 and a second rafter batten 38 b to the left of the thrust washer 34 . Both rafter slats 38 a and 38 b are screwed onto the thrust washer by means of two through screws 78 which are inserted through the fastening openings 36 in the thrust washer 34 . Since the thrust washer 34 is approximately as thick as a rafter 38 , a third rafter 38 c and a fourth rafter 38 d can now be mounted between the two rafter 38 a and 38 b. The third rafter batten 38 c is arranged above the thrust washer 34 and the fourth rafter batten 38 d below the thrust washer 34 . The rafters 38 a, 38 c and 38 b are held together just above the thrust washer 34 with another through screw 78 , while the rafters 38 a, 38 d and 38 b below the thrust washer 34 are also held together with a through screw 78 . As a result of this advantageous construction, a rafters 80 is formed on the construction site without great effort and effort, which is composed of a number of rafters 38 and integrally integrates the thrust washer 34 . To further increase the stability of the rafters 80 , the individual rafter slats can be held together with further rafter screws or screw nails 82 . Here standardized rafter slats 38 are used, which are assembled offset to a rafter 80 . This creates a rafter 80 on site at the construction site, which can be adjusted to the desired dimensions of the respective building by simply cutting to length at its upper and lower ends.

As can be seen, inter alia, FIG. 1, a plurality of roof battens 40 are mounted on these rafters 80 in the known manner, to which the roof tiles or the like are then attached.

Reference list

10th

building

12th

Roof element

14

Base part

16

Support rib

18th

Mounting frame

20th

Insulation material

22

',

22

"Gable

24th

Masonry

26

Ring anchor

28

Ribbed plate

32

drilling

34

Thrust washer

36

Mounting hole

38

Chevrons

40

Roof batten

42

Insulation material

43

Empty pipe

44

Dormer

45

Recess

46

Ribbed plate

48

Dormer wall

50

Ribbed plate

52

window

60

building

62

Roof element

64

',

64

"Retaining wall

66

Base part

68

Support rib

70

Ribbed plate

72

Mounting frame

74

Auxiliary rib

76

window

78

Through screw

80

Rafters

82

Screw nails

30th

anchor

Claims (12)

1. Resting on support elements, mainly made of concrete Herge roof element for a building roof, especially for buildings in low-energy or passive construction, on the spacers for spaced attachment of a roof covering can be attached, characterized by a standardized, a base part ( 14 , 66 ) and more Supporting ribs ( 16 , 68 ) having ribbed plate ( 28 , 46 , 50 , 70 ), preferably made of reinforced concrete, which is used in such a way that the supporting ribs ( 16 , 68 ) point upwards or outwards, and by arranging the spacers on the Base part ( 14 , 66 ). 2. Roof element according to claim 1, further characterized by receiving frames ( 18 , 72 ) for receiving the spacers, wherein the receiving frames ( 18 , 72 ) on the base part and optionally on the supporting ribs ( 16 , 68 ) are attached. 3. Roof element according to claim 2, characterized in that the receiving frame ( 18 , 72 ) is formed from U-shaped steel, iron or plastic profiles. 4. Roof element according to at least one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the receiving frame (18, 72) a plurality of anchors (30) are formed by means of which the receiving frame (18, 72) in the concrete of rib plate (28, 46, 50 , 70 ) is held. 5. Roof element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that between the supporting ribs ( 16 , 68 ) insulating material ( 20 ) is used, which is flush with the supporting ribs ( 16 , 68 ) above, the receiving frame ( 18 , 72 ) are kept freely accessible. 6. Roof element according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ribbed plate ( 28 , 46 , 50 , 70 ) is made of lightweight concrete. 7. Spacers for roof elements according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the spacer from a non or poorly heat-conducting Material, especially wood or plastic, is made. 8. Spacer according to claim 7, characterized in that the spacer is designed as a thrust washer ( 34 ), which is preferably held upright, in the receiving frame ( 18 , 72 ). 9. Spacer according to claim 8, characterized in that in the upper region of the thrust washer ( 34 ) fastening openings ( 36 ) are provided, on which by means of through screws ( 78 ) fastening means, in particular rafter slats ( 38 ), can be attached for fastening the roof covering. 10. A method for producing a roof element ( 12 , 62 ) according to at least one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by the following steps:

• 1. Prepare the reinforcement,
• 2. casting the base part ( 14 , 66 ),
• 3. Placing the insulating material ( 20 ) and the receiving frame ( 18 , 72 ) on concrete that has not yet fully hardened at the locations provided, the receiving frame ( 18 , 72 ) with its anchors ( 30 ) being pressed into the not yet fully hardened concrete such that the receiving frame ( 18 , 72 ) rests on the concrete of the base part ( 14 , 66 ),
• 4. Cast the support ribs ( 16 , 68 ).

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized by fixing the insulating material ( 20 ) before pouring the support ribs ( 16 , 68 ). 12. The method according to at least one of claims 10 to 11, characterized by shaking the base part ( 14 , 66 ) during and / or after pouring.