DE1965079C - Arrangement for the lubrication of a crank pin bearing in a crankshaft for piston internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Description

The 1 r'ind concerns cmc arrangement for

-λ lubrication of a crank journal bearing on a crankshaft for piston mash kratimaseliineu. in which the Kwibelz.Lipfen one with an upper and one inner bearing shell-provided head of a connecting rod accommodates, which is throttled with a lubricating oil discharging Liingsbohrung is provided. what the last with a symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod in the Lagcischalenbereich facing away from the connecting rod eye of the connecting rod in L'mfangsrichumg limited lubrication groove constantly in contact

3-1 binding, while that of a crankshaft bearing Via a Sehmierölleitumi formed in the crankshaft as much as one arranged in the crank pin, Lubricating hole opening into its L mfanusfUiche lubricating oil supply

.! 5 long bolts when turning the crankshaft in one Angular range around the lower dead center Crank pin around, controlled by the lubrication hole, is interrupted.

Such an arrangement is / .. B. from tier deutsche --clien Auslegeschrift i OGS 527 known. Here, the oil supply to the piston pin or to the cooling chamber of a piston cooled with lubricating oil is to be improved by utilizing the inertia of the oil as a result of the movement of the connecting rod in the area of top dead center for the promotion of the oil. Oil supply grooves in the most heavily loaded area of the upper bearing shell for the crank pin are avoided, however, in order not to impair the construction of a livdrodynamic pressure poister.

5'i pregnant. So is. even if there is a ¹ . The lubricating oil supply takes place in the area of the lower plumb point in the crank pin, an improvement in the lubrication of the lower bearing shell area, which is subject to higher loads, by utilizing the area in this area as well

j '. Indolence working deep in the moment 1 auxiliary hole standing (read not possible. that the lubricating oil supply continues in the upper roipiinklbereich is not interrupted, it can with melirz.ylindngen internal combustion engines, moreover result in unfavorable oil pressure conditions in the lubrication system.

In the case of crankshafts of piston internal combustion engines, especially highly charged diesel engines, there will be wear on the crank pin

^f '5 observed, which arises on the side of the crank pin facing the main bearing / apfen, and by measure. force is caused. Although these forces are mostly smaller than tlie in their absolute magnitude

iu> 'f. [\! i! j -ind. hahcr, ml 'the disadvantage that you V.l -

■ ·>; lii '.Lt same direction uml.iuii. like Jcr kuii-el / aplcn in the plcuclstangenkopf. what ungiinstiiie Bc-, ¹ Ui ₇ I ¹ Li] IiIc !! with regard to the BiUkm.1 a, lubricating film. • ur Fuige hai.

The! 'Rfindun ^ is the task / round the S ^ hmieiuiig de-- kiirbel / apfenluLiers cir.er kurhcl- ■ veiic :: i eic η particularly endangered places / ti vci - '"-" Cu; and thereby the Abnüt / iinii de- kurbcl / ap- \:; - to \ decrease.

This task is described at the beginning. :; en arrangement for lubricating a crank pin !, ilI-ts criinüangsgemäLS achieved by the fact that the N.wnv.erfcv ^ hruni -.tls a den kurbcl / .aplcn diagonal c! Tciwi / cnJc bore formed, in Totpunktstei-I..ng de .-- crank pin vertical; / ur longitudinal axis

■ - "i".! - is aligned for a long time and apart from the one in de: ι: ''.:.!: Bearing shell symmetrical / ur Pieuelsiangeit- '. üg-acr.s ^ .mLeordneien Schmiernut /-..letztlicii a ■ -; cr / w ei \ 'üi this gc; rciint ir.tier upper bearing-1.-1UHc .li .'- gc'riildei. "• .i-inviicriuiien are provided either in or auijieihalh the IL'Aeg-.ingsbaiin the lubrication hole, liie as well as üie - \ mmeir: -eh iintieoyuneie Schmierniii over e: iie on · '· :: back of de: stock shots im Connecting rod

•> pi iieuende ring groove with the length '-. Olmm · .: in connection! Ii.: I.: N_: si.ehen. and that the overriding measure for the n: i! e: e - .; l also for ".lic upper dead-point listUiim siei-: -e: ide ^:; ikeibcrcn.h for the 1st interruption; der Vhm; c; vi / ir, tihrur.g / wischen ¹ O and | i) 5 crank

Durc

From the

this execution is possible. the i de "l. straight bore of a connecting rod bün'.Kich-, · Olsai'c acting power ^; As a result, the connection between the stud bore of the crank pin and the hinge pin is interrupted. can in the area of ..iitei'e: ¹ . Tctpunktes a Druckaiv-ticg beyond the normal S.clini erdmck in the lubrication grooves de> I ager-; rather ,. which is caused by the inertia force of the oil in the longitudinal tube. If at that moment there was a connection with the lubricating oil supply line, then there would be; ¹ this / ur I-oloe, that under the Linfluli of the Mass -.- n-'vialt a return flow of the Ole ^ from the Lang-biil: -runu would take place, which under I an opening of the Sch.r: iiers \ stern always had pruckreueKentiles / ur consequence.

In a piston internal combustion engine with multiple relievers, the pistons are each in different phase positions. If, in a similar machine, one of the pistons with its connecting rod splits in the lower idtjuiikt, the piston with its connecting rod in the upper ¹ ot point is located in its cm. While at bottom dead center the oil in a longitudinal bore of the connecting rod is pressed or moved in the direction of the crank bearing, the piston at top dead center is reversed. With this piston, the oil column in the connecting rod moves upwards away from the bearing so that it exercises a saiigwit j.ung in the vicinity of the additional bearing. By means of this suction, the oil lines in the lubricating oil, which are connected to one another, can be made to disappear in the lubricating star, with lubricating oil being sucked out of the ducts of the connecting rods under certain circumstances. When

now with one in the overccn of the top dead center Connecting rod the connection eier Sehnnerbohiiniii of the crank / apple with the lubricating tools interrupt wnJ. so the mentioned üiuckseiir.uiiLi in the Schinicisv-tem, prevented and equal with one in the area of the bottom dead center -tc-henden Connecting rod supports the pressure build-up.

Lm the bearing area of the camp possible-; wc: iii_ / u should weaken the symmetrical groove / wccklich only have a width that the Corresponds to the diameter of the Sehmierbohrung. In this context, reference should be made to the deuisclun Patent 664 7SS known Schmiernutausb.luiing pointed out.

To the '. Enlargement of the whorl area of the lubricant / ufuh.r / around crank pins; ¹ it is furthermore advantageous that zusät / licheii Schm e ^r check utes rnn except one each on the edge of the upper Lagersch.tL remaining web over the entire width of the bearing shell to let extend. In the case of a si the lubrication mechanism of the crankshaft. Breaking the connection it v. In this case, however, limited to a relatively small angle in the bottom dead center as well as in the top dead center.

If there is a relatively iirol'.e l.'nieibbruch in the: If you do not want dead points, it is advisable that the Schniie: grooves from two sides of the lieweiiunt; -b .: hn the lines lying in front of the climatic hole exist, tli-j with each other by an au ·! the Ritckseite of the upper bearing shell running channel .blinden, which is connected to the annular groove. where the distance / between the partial nules is at least dimensioned in such a way that the the slack remains closed. In this version there is a connection between the Schiiiierbohruns! of the crank / apple with the longitudinal bore of the connecting rod only via the lower bearing shell sv mmeu isch arranged oil groove. If see on the other hand, the lubrication hole ties the crank pin, in the The area of the additional oil groove is located as shown no connection.

Otherwise, the lubrication grooves can preferably -vnimetriseh to the longitudinal axis of the push rod This means that reversible motors can run in the opposite direction. With motors that cannot be reversed, the risk of incorrect 1 installation of the upper bearing shell is avoided. Closing! Connecting rods can be installed at any point.

The invention is explained below with reference to the / eichnunti Schein.Mix of illustrated examples explained in more detail. Ls shows

Fi e. I the arrangement of a crankshaft with a Connecting rod and a piston in cross section.

F i g. 2 shows a section through the crank pin bearing. ilen crank pin sow;. the connecting rod head in a larger view,

I · 'i g. \ the view of a section of the lower bearing shell in the direction of arrow III in FIG. 2 home, with the lubrication groove arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the connecting rod.

F i g. 4 click view of a section of the upper bearing shell in the direction of arrow IV in IMg. 2 considered, with an embodiment of the additional lubrication groove,

Γ i g. 5 one of the F i g. 4 corresponding reputation another version of the additional oil groove and the

Fig. F) to 8 different positions of the Schmicrbohrung in the crank pin opposite the lubrication grooves in the first bearing shells. to

In FIG. I is the engine of a high-ceiling glass Diesel engine with a piston 1, a connecting rod 2 and a crankshaft 3 shown. The crankshaft 3 has a main bearing journal 4 with an axial oil channel 5 and a crank pin 6, which is shown in section, visible. The crank pin 6 contains an axial oil hole? Which is diagonally connected to the crank pin penetrating lubrication hole 8 is connected. Bearing shells 10, 10 'are not included in FIG. 1 Oil grooves and bores shown, which through a suitable channel in the connecting rod 2 are in communication with a longitudinal bore 11 of the connecting rod. At the other end it encloses the Connecting rod a piston pin 12, which contains channels 13, which lubricating oil from the longitudinal bore 11 is supplied. The lubricating oil serves on the one hand to lubricate the piston pin 12 and on the other hand the cooling of the piston by means of a special cooling space 14.

In Fig.2 the crank pin bearing is the connecting rod 2 reproduced in a larger representation in section. The connecting rod 2 has a split head with a bearing cap 2 '. The required fastening screws are shown in Fig.2 for reasons of Clarity omitted. A Uinfangsnut 20 is formed in the Pleuclstangcnkopf2, which with the longitudinal bore 11 is connected. The crank pin is mounted in bearing shells 10, 10 '. In the lower Bearing shell 10 'has a lubricating groove 21 formed. their shape in the transverse direction from FIG. 3 can be seen. The lubrication groove 21 is about bores 22 with the channel 20 and thus also with the Longitudinal bore 11 in connection. The upper bearing shell 10 has two additional lubricating grooves 23 give away, which are arranged symmetrically to one another and each have a bore 24, which they with the groove 20 and thus with the longitudinal bore 11 connects.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4 extends the lubricating groove 23 with the exception of the short ends 25, which prevent the pressure oil from escaping to prevent the lubrication groove across the entire width of the upper bearing shell 10.

When executing according to FIG. 5, the lubrication groove 23 'is formed in two parts and contains two partial grooves 23 ". The two partial grooves 23" are on the back of the upper bearing shell 10 through a channel 50 connected to one another, which is connected to a bore 24 in each Tcilnut 23 " is. The channel 50 is in communication with the groove 20 located in the connecting rod head and thus with the longitudinal bore 11. Between the two partial grooves 23 ″ a web 51 on which the running surface of the bearing shell is undisturbed. The width of the web 51 is chosen so that it is at least the same size as the diameter of the lubrication hole 8, so that when a Movement of the .lubricating hole8 over the web 51 germ · Connection of the Sehinierbohrung8 with the Partial 23 'ordered.

When moving the shown in FIG Alternating moments in which the lubricating drill fl! with one of the SchmicriHiten 21 and 23 is connected or without to establish a connection between the grooves 23 "passes. In the case of a connection between the SehmicrbohrunglB and one of the There is always a connection between the lubrication system of the machine, to which the lubrication bore 8 is connected and the longitudinal bore 11 of the connecting rod 2. In the area of the bottom and top dead center, which position is shown in FIG the connection between the lubrication hole 8 and the longitudinal hole 11 is interrupted in any case.

When the connecting rod 2 is in the area of the bottom dead center, the inertia force acts of the oil located in the longitudinal bore 11 in FIG. 2 above. As the connection of the lubrication hole 8 is interrupted, the inertia force has a pressure increase in the groove 20 and in the Oil grooves 21 and 23 or 23 'result. This is done with the help of the additional oil grooves 23, 23 'improves the lubrication in the critical area of the bearing, which is shown in FIG Trap up, d. H. on the side facing the piston.

If there was a permanent connection between the lubrication bore 8 and the longitudinal bore 11, it could the pressure increase supporting the lubrication does not arise. The one present in the lubrication system Pressure control valve or overflow valve would prevent a pressure increase. It would be in such a If the oil flows back out of the longitudinal bore 11 through the lubrication bores in the crankshaft to the Druckrcgclvcptil arise.

If, on the other hand, the connecting rod 2 is at top dead center, the inertia force acts oil column located in the longitudinal bore 11 in FIG. 2 up. This inertial force would be at an existing connection with the ski hole 8 a lowering of the pressure in the machine's lubrication system and possibly even a suction of Draw lubricating oil from neighboring bearings and connecting rods. However, since the connection between the lubrication hole 8 and the longitudinal hole 11 is interrupted, this harmful influence not affect.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, there is a connection between the lubrication hole 8 and the longitudinal hole U during an angle at which the front edge of the lubrication hole 8 the lower Edge of a lubrication groove 23 reached up to an angle where as shown in the F i g. 2 and 6, the rear edge of the lubrication hole 8 leaves the lower edge of the other lubrication groove 23. The interruption therefore exists during a relatively small angle of about 35 " Crank angle. The lubrication groove 21 in the lower bearing shell 10 'is designed so that it the The lubricating oil is supplied when the lubricating bore 8 leaves one of the lubricating grooves 23 and has not yet reached the second.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 5, the Supply of lubricating oil into the longitudinal bore 11 only

through the unteic oil groove 21. The angle at soft the Vu binding dei Sehiitioibohruni: 8 with which is 1, iiiif-'sbolinmr Il unteib'Oelien, extends in this execution of omu "position in which one hand of the Süimierbuhi ιπιμ Η the edge dc; S. Oil groove 21 left hut, up to a position in which the opposite end of the lubrication hole 8 reaches the lubrication groove 21 again. In this Case there is a larger interruption angle of about 105 ° crank angle in each case in the area of the upper u as well as in the area of the bottom dead center,

The positions of the lubrication hole 8 relative to the Sehmiernutcn 21, 23 and 23 'are shown in FIGS. In all figures, the angle at which the connection from the lubrication groove 8 to the longitudinal bore 11 is open is denoted by IC. The angle at which the connection is broken is denoted by D. In addition, the end or the beginning of the connection, depending on the ao direction of rotation of the crankshaft, is shown in all figures with full and dash-dotted lines. In FIG. 6, which is an embodiment of the lubricating groove according to FIG. 4, the position of the lubrication hole 8 of the crankshaft is shown with dashed lines at the moments where the connection passes from one of the lubrication grooves 23 to the groove 21 and vice versa.

From FIG. 6, which relates to the embodiment according to FIG. 4, it can be seen that the angle D, which indicates the interruption of the connection, has the size of approximately 35 'crank angle. The angle ii. ie the angle at which a connection is ordered is ISO Vi 1 15 "Kurbdwinkcl.

The Γ i μ. 7 λίι ', Ι the relationships with the design η) ¹ , the /usiit.- lent cutting sleeve according to Fig and do not remain in connection with the lubrication hole 8. The angle D at which there is a Unierbruch is in this case much larger than in the example according to FIG. 6 and is approximately 105 "crank angle. The angle E at which there is a connection, however, is smaller and amounts to 180 ° 105 ° = 75 "crank angle.

Finally, FIG. 8 shows an arrangement with only one, asymmetrically arranged additional lubrication groove, in which angles D and E are obtained that are between the sizes of the angles in question from the F t g. 6 and 7 lie.

The advantages of the arrangement according to the invention can also be used in cases where an oil supply into the piston, e.g. to cool it, is not required. In such a Fa! '<· a longitudinal bore can be formed in the connecting rod at the end of which there may be a throttle bore leading to the outside. At a In such an embodiment, the longitudinal bore of the connecting rod only serves to improve the lubrication of the crank bearing in the sense of the invention. The throttle bore prevents the Oil and thus a pressure drop in the lubrication system.

1 sheet of drawings 309 622/357

Claims (5)

Patent claims: 1. Arrangement for the lubrication of a crank pin! .Iueis on a crankshaft for Kolbenhiemiki ajjmaschinen. where the crank / apk: one with an upper ink! a lower bearing shell - seen head of a connecting rod aufniiiini !. which is provided with a lubricating oil throttled abt'ühlendcii 1 eye hole. which lci / terc with a s \ .mmetri> ch / ur Pleuclstantienläniisachse in the Pleueiaugc of the connecting rod abiK ■■ - ·. .! iidteii bearing shell area in circumferential direction bcLiriM; /; trained oil groove sv.indi ■ ι V.-rbmdu '.. SIe!;!. while the from a! -. iiM-.L-ivveilenhiLier via one in the crankshaft au-üci'iUete Seiiinieriilleiuni-i and one in the Kurt -.- i / apf. · :. arranged, in -einer L'mfancstläehe r.:ii!id-.ende Sehmierbohrung taking place in Länüsbolirung. -i Drehunu tie: Kin belwelle πι a W inke! bere ^; h around the un-Ku-1 (■: | nnir.i'-le ^i:; ng de · - Crank / apleus heiuii: \ on lie; VT.rniei'boii'iiin iiesteuert unierbioJien i ~!.! dadu 1 chi; eke η η / eich ii et. that the SannierK'h; u: ig (8l designed as a crank -apiui (6) di.iLV'nji duieii.v.-t / end bore, in ' li.ipunkl-vtellimu des K; rbelz ;. _ <lcn> (6) vertebrae / in the longitudinal axis of the plan nie'stang ': - (2i au-gerii-iiie; iM and besides the; n the ti leren I auer- • ehale'10 ') s \ iiinu-'i isch / ur P! Euelstangeniäng-> iielise arranged lubrication u! (21) ziisa'. '! I <'; one or two \ on these separately in the upper I. .eluüe (10) au - gebildel j. either in or on the outside of the Hewemnmsbahn eier Sclimierbohru; ig (H) lying lubrication grooves (23 23Ί exist ilen mikI. which like the symmetrically anoidneie Schmiernui (21) over one on the jerkvjiie the l.agcrschalen (10. 10 ') in the connecting rod head (2.2 ") lieuem'e ring groove (20) with the 1.iing ^ l ^ vilmmg (II) are in connection, and that de: gi-'ii-iierniaßen for do lower like also for the upper temperature range! lic ;;!. ' 2. Arrangement / formation of a pine tree! - / apfenlageis according to Anspi.ielil. thereby nckenii- / eiclinel. that in a manner known per se symmetrical lubrication groove (21) a Breilc liat. the diameter of the lubricant (8) corresponds. 3. Arrangement / ur lubrication of a crank / apple 11 lasers according to claim I, with eini or two in the balance: i der Sdimierbohiung cultivating / usaten / lichen lines. dadurcli know / eiehnel. that the Seiimiernuteu (23) with the exception of one each around the edge of the upper tier Bearing shell (10) remaining web (25) extend uln r the entire width of the bearing shell. 4. Arrangement for Schmicruni: a Külbel journal bearing according to claim I. with one or two accrued ·., Ί> the trajectory of the lubrication hole lying / usä '/ lichen Schmiemuicii. characterized by the fact that the lubrication minutes '2.V) consist of two movements on both sides -, - .. bn the air-conditioning bore (8) are divided into grooves (23) which clinch' Backscite tier obcicn bearing shell (10) are connected to the running channel (51) which is connected to the Riivanut (20). and that the distance / wipe the partial grooves (23 ") at least sized LSI. di \\ the Schmierhohriing (8) remains closed during the passage. 5., arrangement / ur lubrication of a crank pin, according to claim 3 or 4. with two /usi.it/-üchi.Mi Lubricating grooves, characterized in that the lubricating grooves '23. 2.V) symmetrical to . angsachse of the connecting rod are arranged.