DE1958583A1 - Component for the transmission of microwaves - Google Patents

Description

Aiaerik. Um No. 7Y7.8o4
submitted % November 21, 1968

Western Microwave Laboratories, Inc. 16845 Hicks Road, Los Gatos, California 950 ^ 0 (V.St.A.)

Component for the transmission of microwaves

The invention relates to a component for transmission of microwaves with at least one cover plate, which is adjoined by a flat conductor part running parallel to it. In particular, it is a circulator or an isolator, which has a large bandwidth range shows good transfer behavior.

Below are some used in the following text Terms explained -

When related to the occurrence of undesirable Vibration modes or the frequency sensitivity of one Reduction of these properties to useful limits is what is meant here is that these properties are reduced to a value at which the minimum isolation between the arms of the circulator or isolator is reduced to about 18 dB. The described Circulators and isolators are all magnetized and work perpendicular to the direction of energy propagation all below ferromagnetic resonance.

When a ferrite is mentioned, it is a transversely magnetized gyrotropic or gyromagnetic one Material understood. The word "ferrite" is used because in most practical cases the medium used is ferrimagnetic, like a ferrite or a garnet.

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• The first strip line circulators were symmetrical, three-armed connecting links, in which ferrite plates between the conductor part or conductor element and the cover plates were intended. This component was brought over the desired one Frequency range to work by experimentally changing the 'shape of the conductor part and ferrites. An operating bandwidth of 1Q # was set for this first bandlei tercirculators considered good.

Partly empirical and partly theoretical investigations of stripline circulators, which operate in the lower ferromagnetic resonance area and in which the ferrite connection part was designed as a resonance cavity, have been carried out by Later, Bosma, Fay, Comstock and others. The electrical load of this cavity, determined by the quality Q, was made as low as possible by reducing the impedance of the ferrite transition part and then using ψ transformers to adapt this low-resistance coupling element to the input sirapedance of common coaxial lines (normally 50 ohms). ¹ A reduction in the impedance of the coupling element increases the current flowing in its conductor part and thus the coupling to the ferrite, so that the Q of the resonance ferrite coupling element is reduced and the bandwidth is greater. Using a two-stage transformer results in a circulator that works over a frequency range of just over an octave.

The bandwidth of this circulator is limited to about an octave by 1) the frequency sensitivity of the ferrite coupler and transformer, 2) the field losses occurring below the lowest operating frequency for a given circulator, and 2) the occurrence of undesirable waveforms above the highest operating frequency of this circulator . The frequency interference occurs because the Ferritkoppler is a cavity resonator ¹ and because the quarter wavelength of the \ transformer applies only to a specific frequency. Hence the circulator works

009829/0911

only in a frequency band around the middle of the frequency for which it is designed. The low frequency field losses result from the properties of what is usually found in circulators ferrite material used. The polycrystalline garnet materials can operate satisfactorily does not reach below the ferromagnetism resonance mode below a frequency given by the following equation is determined:

W- f I ^ ( ^4Ci

where f ^ "= approximately the minimum operating frequency in

Ms) = the saturation magnetization of the ferrite in Gauss

= is the gyromagnetic ratio of the ferrite.

Unwanted waveforms occur above the highest operating frequency because of the dimensions of the ribbon cable and the ferrite coupler are sufficiently large for these high frequencies, so that other forms of oscillation than the desired TEM mode, so that the operation of the circulator is disturbed.

In addition, the couplers described above were exclusive designed as a three-armed coupler, which results in an isolation of only 20 dB over a wide frequency band. Previous attempts to make a four-armed coupler resulted in components that had poor transmission properties (low isolation.) and / or low bandwidths exhibited. If you needed a multi-arraigen (four or more arms) coupler or better isolation than 25 dB in

009829/0918

a wide belt, then you had to have two or more three-armed ones Keep circulators together and the higher losses as well as the greater complexity of a component with accept two or more ferrite couplers.

The object of the invention is to increase the bandwidth, improve the isolation and increase the versatility as well as other improvements in the operating behavior of such a coupler by 1) the frequency sensitivity of the circulator switched off or usable by using a non-resonant ferrite coupler Values is reduced, 2) by using a mode suppression technique ^ or by designing a ferrite coupler in such a way that non-invasive waveforms do not occur at all, these waveforms are avoided from the outset or reduced to an acceptable level, see above that the component works over a frequency range of more than two octaves, J5) a multi-armed component is created with a single ferrite coupler, some of which have at least 20 aB isolation over a wide frequency band for each additional iirm (i.e. 20 dB for a three-armed, 40 dB for a four-arm igen, 60 dB for a five-arm, etc.) with only a few additional losses and 4) an internal burden; is used, which results in an isolation of 20, 40 or more dE for the loaded arm.

The invention is thus intended to be a broadband transmission component create, like a circulator, which is not frequency sensitive due to the ferrite coupler. The ferrite coupler should have a conductor part, at least one cover plate and at least one ferrite plate arranged between these two and the maximum width that passes through the low-frequency field losses at the lower end of the band and undesired waveforms at the upper end of the band are limited, should be at least one octave.

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Furthermore, a suitable mode suppressor should be provided, which prevents undesired waveforms from the outset prevents or keeps within acceptable limits which can occur at the top of the tape. This is supposed to the bandwidth can be increased to more than two octaves. The ferrite coupler should be designed so that undesirable Wave forms do not occur or are dampened to the extent that that they do not deteriorate the transmission behavior to an unacceptable level. The component should have 3 * ^ or η arms can, with each additional arm providing an additional contribution to insulation. One or more arms of an n-arm Component should be completed on the inside, so that the insulation that can be achieved for the arms in question is higher and the suppression of undesired oscillation modes is also improved will.

The invention is also intended to reduce the sensitivity to changes in the saturation magnetization bring usual circulators and isolators. It should also be sensitive to changes in the magnetic field DC field be less than with known components. The same is true with regard to sensitivity to Temperature fluctuations which influence the constant magnetic field and the saturation magnetization. Furthermore, the Symmetry of the component may not be of as great importance as with the known components.

For a good operating relationship there is a certain minimum size of the ferrite is necessary. For a three-armed coupler, the minimum diameter of the ferrite is about twice as large like the diameter of the ferrite used in common circulators. However, since this is the minimum diameter, works the coupler in the same frequency range also with every larger diameter. Thus, in the case of the invention Couplers allow the physical dimensions to vary with little effect on the transmission behavior of the component.

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BATH ORIGINAL

The invention is also intended to provide an improved cover plate which ensures that the magnetic Field in the gyromagnetic or ferrite material is uniform without the need for very large magnets. Furthermore, the maximum processable performance should be achieved without impairing the other desired properties increase. By creating an insulator with an internal load termination, a component should also have a higher mean processable power created will. Furthermore, a new structure to / improve the Connection and impedance matching between the external circuit to be connected and the in its dimensions relatively small arrangement of the coupler according to the invention - are.

These tasks are performed in a component for the transmission of microwaves with at least one cover plate, which is adjoined by a flat ladder part running parallel to it, achieved according to the invention in that the ladder part has a plurality of outwardly tapering arms and the impedance does not vary along the conductor part suddenly changes that a gyromagnetic ^ part is arranged over a substantial part of the tapered arms, and that adjoining the cover plate is a magnet for generating a magnetic field, which is the gyromagnetic field Part practically completely penetrated, is arranged in such a way that the component does not work in the resonance state and the Energy is passed through the conductor part practically along its edges.

Here, the inner conductor of a ribbon line is designed in such a way that arms extend outward from a central part, which taper and the edges of which preferably merge smoothly into one another. In this way the tapering arms do not show any sudden change of direction «! , so that it is ensured that the rate of change}

009829/091

the edges of the ladder part is lower than the circulation speed that in a transversely magnetized Ferrite circulating TEM wave, so that no major mismatches occur, which increase the frequency sensitivity of the coupler and / or worsen the isolation.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention becomes a practical one within the gyromagnetic medium Uniform field generated by making the cover plate from a practically non-magnetic, conductive material which has a ferromagnetic part, for example made of cold-rolled steel, which is in contact with practically the entire adjacent surface of the gyromagnetic Medium stands and covers it. The opposite surface of the ferromagnetic part is located comes into contact with the surface of a magnet generating the magnetic field and has the same extent as this.

Another modification of the invention is to improve the maximum processing power is that the gyromagnetic medium formed from two coplanar components made of different materials is. The first component of the gyromagnetic medium covers part of the inner conductor part, internally the energy normally flows in the forward direction, and the material this component is chosen so that optimal fourth for the desired bandwidth, peak power and injection losses can be achieved in the forward direction of energy propagation. The second component of the gyromagnetic Medium covers that part of the inner conductor part which corresponds to the flow path of the energy in the reverse direction ^ and consists of a material selected so that the desired. Isolation in the reverse direction is achieved.

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The invention thus provides a microwave broadband circulator or - Insulator in the strip line or microstrip technology, the bandwidth of which using conventional polycrystalline ferrimagnetic materials is larger than an octave, but in certain embodiments of the Ferrite coupler or, if a suitable mode suppressor is used, a bandwidth of over two octaves can be achieved. In particular, the inner conductor part is flat and has a plurality of outwardly tapering arms, each with a connection represent. A ferromagnetic or gyromagnetic ^ material covers a substantial part of the inner conductor part including at least all of its parts that serve as input or output connection. The energy spreads lengthways de »edges of the inner conductor part, and these edges are designed so that they have no sharp changes, so that no sudden changes in impedance in the inner conductor part appear. Various methods of suppressing undesirable vibrational modes are also provided, including an inner termination of one of the arms, further by forming slots in the cover plate, which run in the direction of the current of the desired propagation mode. A uniformity of the magnetic field within of the component when using relatively small magnets is achieved by a cover plate, part of which is in Contact with the magnet is located and in which the gyromagnetic medium is formed from a highly permeable material while the rest of the cover plate is made of a non-magnetic material. The maximum output that can be processed can still be increase when you consider the gyromagnetic medium from two different ones Materials builds up, each in terms of forward propagation and backward attenuation are optimally selected, while the average power to be processed is determined by a can improve properly trained internal stress.

Further features of the invention emerge from the subclaims .

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The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of exemplary embodiments. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a plan view of part of a three-armed Ribbon line circulator, on a ferrite disk which a flat conductor arrangement is applied.

Fig. 2 is a view explaining the construction of the ladder assembly

3 shows a plan view of a component similar to FIG. 2, but with an asymmetrical, curved conductor arrangement

Fig. 4a is a plan view of a planar conductor arrangement on a ferrite disc, in which the edge of each arm two line sections with different curvatures connected in series are formed,

4b shows a representation corresponding to FIG. A, in which each edge of the conductor arrangement consists of two different curvatures,

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a three-armed planar circuit part according to the invention,

6 shows a representation of the quantity -g-γ over the frequency

Fig. 7 is a vertical section through a Bandleitungszir kulator according to the invention along the line 2-2 in Figure 1,

FIG. 8 shows a vertical section through a microstrip line circulator according to the invention according to the section line 2-2 of FIG. 1;

Fig. 9 is an exploded view of a ribbon line circulator having one embodiment of a vibration mode canceller

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ΐ958583 40

10 shows an enlarged plan view of one of the planar ones Basic parts of Figure 9 to illustrate the structure of a Vibration suppressor,

Fig. 11 is a plan view of a circulator with a differently designed vibration mode suppressor, which is provided in the plane but outside the conductor arrangement,

Figure 12 is a top plan view of a portion of a four-armed ribbon or hiccrope circulator, namely a ferrite disc on which a flat, curved conductor arrangement is provided,

13 shows a plan view of a four-armed circuit part according to the invention,

14a shows another embodiment of a component with n-arms,

14b shows a further, more general embodiment of a multi-armed component,

15 is a plan view of a three-armed component, j in which one arm is closed on the inside,

FIG. 16 shows a section through that shown in FIG Component,

Fig. 1% a further embodiment of a triple component in which one arm is closed on the inside,

18 shows a plan view of a four-armed component, in which one arm is locked inside,

19 shows a plan view of another embodiment of a four-armed component, which is also closed on the inside at ά-η,

0 0 98 2 9/08 te

Fig. 20 is an illustration of the crosstalk attenuation, the Infeed losses and the ripple versus frequency for a component of the type shown in Figures 1 and 7,

Fig. 2Ia ₉ b and c representations of the same parameter for a device corresponding to FIG 9,

22 shows the corresponding representations for a component of the type shown in FIG. 18,

23 shows the corresponding parameters for a component of the type shown in Figure 17,

Figs. 24a and 24b are explanatory diagrams;

25 shows a plan view of a three-armed component according to the invention, in which one arm is closed on the inside, and in which the gyromagnetic component and the load to improve the behavior at maximum power and at medium power

ι -

> are modified,

; FIG. 26 shows a section through the component according to FIG. 25,

27 shows a representation of a typical field distribution

'at the edge of the component,

ι ■. ■ ·

Figure 28 is a top plan view of an improved embodiment of the planar structural part according to the invention,

FIG. 29 shows a section along the line 29-29 in FIG. 28 end

; Fig. 30 is a plan view of a three-arm device sur illustration of an improved connection to outer Schaltungskreiee.

* 009829/0918

Theoretical basis of the invention

In the following, the propagation of a TEM wave in an ideally transversely magnetized gyromagnetic medium is derived theoretically. Equation 21 shows the result of this calculation, and in FIG. 6 equation 21 is plotted for an idealized ferrimagnetic material having the dielectric constant and the saturation magnetization of yttrium-iron-garnet. From equation 21 it can be seen that for a given saturation magnetization of the saturated ferrite or other gyromagnetic medium, the TEM wave tends to circulate at a certain speed ^ ₁ - , where θ is the angle of circulation for a given arc of length y. For a given saturation magnetization, the TEM wave circulates, if the boundary conditions allow to the Winkele be chosen, the boundary conditions so that the TEM wave can θ circulate only around the angle, namely, when the circuit for θ <θ ¹ designed is then the major part has to concentrate the energy of the TEM wave tends located on the edge of the circuit element. The connection between this phenomenon and the invention will be explained in more detail.

It is now assumed that a TEM wave hits a piece of ferrite which is gate-magnetized by a constant magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the TEM wave up to saturation. It is also assumed> that the wave can only occur as a TEM wave, ie can only propagate as a TEM wave in ferrit. The ferrite is assumed to be saturated and free of loss. The constant field run in the "direction. At time t 0's width, the TEM wave in the y-direction and its magnetic alternating field (H) is proceeding in the x direction (see Figures 24a and 2 ¹ Ib).

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These figures schematically illustrate the circulation of the wave in a transverse magnetized ferrite. If B · runs at right angles to the magnetic field BO (see FIG. 24a), then the TEM-axis θ degrees circulates as it moves along the curved path of length y ¹ . The type of calculation for Θ ¹ and y ¹ is shown below.

(1) H s S _x H at y = 0, t = 0

The designations used are based on the literature cited in the list of sources under point 4 chosen.

It should now be remembered that this linearly polarized TEM-WeHe consists of two counter-rotating, circularly polarized TEM wave components can be thought of as being composed, which do not rotate in the direction of propagation, but around the constant magnetic field, i.e. the axis of rotation, which is moved with the shaft, runs parallel to the magnetic constant field.

(1). H ₁ . = (S _x - j S _y ) § β "* ¹ ** · - ^r " ^{on the right}

(3) H ₁ = (S _x + j S _y ) I eJ * ¹ * ¹ » ^λ * ^{ooculating to the left}

(4) where fc_ ω / ε / μιι - juia - »/ εμ *

(5) and B ₁ = ω / ε / μιι + JyI ₂ '- »

The reason for using the expression f instead of y im Expression for the phase will be explained later.

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AT THE

(6) S =

H _r +

- 1

ί) '

This equation represents a linearly polarized TEM wave that circulates as it propagates. Here y ^{1 is used} instead of y because the direction of y ¹ changes continuously. The direction of H versus its direction at y ¹ = results from the expression

(7) tan θ

= -tan (

(8) Θ - ί-

Ο y ', with y' = arc length.

The fact that the ferrite only prevents the propagation of TEM * Allowing waves is very important.

Since the wave is a TEM wave that propagates in the y * direction, only magnetic alternating field components H and H are present. Hence simplified the equation

(9) 1 * H -

.H) + «* cilfl = 0

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_Λ 2 2 «X + to * e Pn Pi* 0 Θ H _x 1958583 = 0 Q
A I «Y Pi V ₁ * 0 ^H y ^d y 0 0 0 0 (10)

(11) V-, i s o for a TEM wave.

Here is

1>

ω ω »

ω ₀ * - ω

~ (γ) (4 τ Ms), where (Ί ν Ms) is the saturation magneti sation of the ferrite is.

, where H _{Q is} the internal magnetic field and

(16) t is the gyromagnetic ratio for the ferrite "

By inserting the equation (2) into the equation (10)

and by substituting equations (12) and (13) into equation (IT) »i becomes

1/2

009129/0918

(19)

In the same way it results

ω _ ι. ω

substituting (18) and (19) into equation (8) gives

(20) Θ 's

2 -

or in differential form

(21) d9j_
_dy , -

ω ₀₊ ω

There is an important special case for ω>> ω, ω _{Μ <} It follows from this

(22) Θ » =

^f =

or in differential form

(23)

For ω >> ω _ο , ω _Μ the circulation is independent of the frequency. The real part of equation (21) is plotted against frequency in FIG.

Figure 6 is a plot of equation (21) for circulation ~ f per inch versus frequency. It is plotted for a TEM wave in a ferrite with JfM = GHz , fo. = 2 * 5 GHe

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and ε = 15.2. The ferrite is assumed to be loss-free and saturated. The curve is a representation of the real part of the Equation (21) with the parameters fM = 2 ir γ 4irMs,

γ s gyromagnetic ratio = 2.8 MHz / Oe for one Yttrium iron garnet

4itMs = saturation magnetization for 178Ο Oe for yttrium iron garnet

fo = ferromagnetic resonance frequency = γ Η

H = constant magnetic field within the ferrite.

Description of preferred embodiments

In Fig. 1, a ferrite disk 10 is shown on which a flat component 12 is arranged. This component has a central part 14 and, in the three-armed symmetrical embodiment shown in FIG. 1, three arms 16, 18 and 20 which protrude outward at equal angular intervals. The edges 22 of the component, which connect the arms to one another, have the shape of curved lines, the curvature of which is chosen such that d§> less than dQ ' along the entire length of the edge. The \ dy requires that the component above the ferrite does not have any sudden changes in direction, i.e. no changes so great that the crosstalk attenuation assumes inadequate values or that the frequency sensitivity becomes so great that the separation or the feed losses deteriorate to unusable values.

Although every curve progression within the above definition limits results in satisfactory work, particularly good results have been shown when the edges of the " component for a symmetrical three-armed circulator ■

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-W-

Aa

Are circular arcs with a diameter of about 1.7 times the ferrite disc. A precise design specification for such a component can be found in FIG. 2, where the ferrite disk has a diameter of eirvwSoll. Other curves within the specified curvature definitions are elliptical, hyperbolic, parabolic, straight or along any line within the limits specified at the beginning; Combinations of such curves, as shown, for example, in FIG. k and described below, are also possible.

The input impedance of the ferrite coupler can be for any common value Z can be interpreted by doing the usual impedance calculations for ribbon lines or microstrip lines is based on. After defining Z the thickness of the component, the thickness and the dielectric constant of the ferrite and the width of the component at point 24 (Figure 1) can be determined.

The input impedance Z _Q can be chosen to match the impedance of external circuit parts or transmission lines, but it can also be chosen to match the input impedance of a transformer between the ferrite coupler and external circuit elements or transmission lines.

Although a ferrite disk is shown in FIG. 1, only the part of the ferrite located in the immediate vicinity of the component and between this and the flat lower part is used for the circulation, whereby the remaining part of the ferrite can have any shape. '' or can be omitted entirely.

In contrast to conventional ferrite circulators and isolato- _| ren, in which the used. Ferrite disks only cover the middle part or coupling part of the components, upper *

009129/0918

In the invention, as shown in FIG. 1 and the other figures, the ferrite covers practically the entire component including his arms, which are the entrance and exit ~ represent connections. In particular, as will be explained in more detail below, the ferrite covers those edges of the Component along which the energy spreads.

0098 29/0918

^T / hen one of the arms of the circulator inn on completed ISTJ as a load daiü formed;, ill, then you need; the ferrite does not extend over this part of this component, as will be explained with reference to the other figures. Preferably ra _b ferrite t slightly above the edge of the component addition, so that the boundary conditions are fulfilled safely to the interior of the component.

Fig. Ν shows an as ;, inmetrical component, for good operating properties, a ^ -mmetry is not required, provided that the aforementioned limits for the formation of the "component" are adhered to. Fi. ^ Ur j, iä: st unites. Ferrite ... nci a component I ^ r.:it a mid-il in part I ^ and arei Lieh / ^erj: n, _, exiden Aj.men 1 / recognize "vj .AID 21 Component 1> v.: ird. from two arcs £ j> and ί ^ une. · ■ .inoi.i _c eraaen f-.and '-i (/ ~ forms. Within the scope of the invention ;; lnu _u eoooh nocxi, itle other asymmetrical forms are possible.

Figure 4a shows a .h ^ sfuhr ^ n ^ form aeü component aar, with α em of a middle part y- ui-me ---, O ₃ ^ 2. and 44 v / egra _; _>: n. The end sections 40 of the .r; ne are of the same Ereite. The edges 4b of the component, which connect the arms to one another, are arcs of a circle. However, 4c and 4o also -irgendeiner other _o ekrümmten line könnexi follow and also from more than sv / ei curved line X, the inter-address üter. be formed, provided on the edges, -. A sudden Ricntungsänderungen occur and -r_ -r is less than -—- _t .

Figure 4b shows one of the Fi ^ ur 4a similar .usfuhr.ung.sform in which adjoin first corner pieces ky second curve pieces' ^ l.

Figure ρ shows a schematic plan view of a plane Component in which the energy is fed into the arm 1 in the direction of the arrow. This energy is now looking for in the ferrite with a

dfe '
.ner angular velocity of -rf according to equation 21 and the curve shown in Figure 6 to circulate. The component

0 0 9 8 2 9/0918 _B4nnfi

ORIGINAL BATHROOM -

is abc ι * üo that the direction of the edges change only in the measure -τ-, where -j- & -r- is, as has already been led from (if the edges of the component as in

dö 9 Fi ₀ Ur ei are arcs, then -y - - where θ and 3- are defined in FiUUr ΐ, -. The following applies to the circuit according to FIG

As a result, the energy that tries to circulate at a higher speed than the component allows, is concentrated on the edge of the component. Thus, most of the energy is close to the edge, and there is an energy drop in the direction perpendicular to the edge.

Therefore, almost all of uie transmitted in the i-rm energy fed to the arm 2, wherein very little directly enters the arm 5 ', .enn the diameter of the ferrite sufficiently large for a given ferrite ^ RLMS (typically more than twice the diameter of the ferrite used in conventional circulators), then the energy transfer directly from arm 1 to arm 2 is only very small, typically much less than 1 / &, which corresponds to a Heraodämpfang of more than 20 dB. Then most of the energy arriving at a-tn 3 is due to a mismatch between the component and the transmission line on arm 2. This mismatch results from a slight frequency sensitivity of the coupler or connector or from an imperfect match between the ferrite coupler and the transformer or the transmission line located outside the ferrite coupler.

From Figure ( it can be seen that the strip line arrangement has the component 12, two ferrites 10, one on each side of the component, and two flat cover plates 2b, which rest against the outer surfaces of the ferrites

Of? I _{G (NAL} 009829/0918

The flux-supplying magnets 95 are located on the outer surfaces of the cover plates 2b.

Figure 8 shows a microstrip arrangement with a component 12 ', a ferrite 10', which is between the component 12 ' and the cover plate 26 'is arranged, and with one on the bias magnet 95 'located on the cover plate.

The strip line circulator described here works due to the circulation of a wave in the TEM vibration module, This is understood to be a transmission line visual oscillation mode in which the electric field and the magnetic field and the direction of propagation of the wave are mutually perpendicular stand on top of each other. (The microscope circulator works due to the circulation of a transmission line oscillation mode, which is similar to a TEM mode.) For the The components described so far only propagate the TEM waveform within the first octave above the lower frequency limit set by field losses. Above this first octave others can Forms of vibration occur in the component. The frequency at which the other waveforms start depends in general on the saturation magnetization of the ferrite, the applied field strength and the change in the direction of the component (-r-). Once such waveforms have inserted then they will persist or go if the ferrite pieces are thick enough in parallel to the Plates running waveforms over. In both cases the feed-in losses and the neighboring arm damping then deteriorate to unusable values.

In the invention, however, the formation of these waveforms can be avoided from the start, or rather developing oscillation forms are dampened away. In TEM mode, the current flows in the direction of propagation

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In TE mode, however, the streamlines run in both directions the spread as well as perpendicular to it. Therefore, if the outer conductor of the ribbon line is parallel to the current flow of the TEM mode is slotted, then a current flow of the TE mode is interrupted, while the current flow of the TEM mode only is slightly affected. By interrupting the current flow of the TE modes, these can be used for propagation prevent and in the stripline ferrite component inevitably only one TEM mode can propagate.

. FIG. 9 shows an exploded view of a complete component with a mode suppressor according to the invention. A component 28 is provided which has a central part 30 and tapering arms 32, 34 and 36 protruding therefrom. A ferrite 33 or yj is arranged on both sides of the component, on which in turn flat cover plates 37 and 39 are arranged. The cover plate 37 consists of a thin layer of conductive material, which is connected to a thicker self-supporting layer of a lossy material 41, while the cover plate 39 is connected to a similar material 43. Both cover plates have slots which run through them and run over their entire length in the lossy material 41 and 43. These slots can be made by conventional etching techniques. If necessary, only one of the cover plates can be designed with slots. In addition, a normal cover plate can be used on one side if necessary.

The heavily lossy material 41, 43 becomes behind attached to the slots so that any energy that builds up over the slots is absorbed, for example when stimulating JTE visual waveforms. If the operating frequency is increased in such a component, then the desired TEM modes spread, since the

0 09829/0918 BAD OR _{/ QfNAL}

Slots in iilchtuiit the current flow of the TEM mode are ■ trained. The streams of other Gchwin; -juries forms, beisOlelsLeise from TE-Moaos, flow under a V / irikei or perpendicular to the slots so that through them but the slits built up fields through the loss material adsorbed ι, earth: this increases the Eetrit υ ::; frequency limit. A soicacr fashion uhter'dr.Jcker allows operation through a frequency range that is ais two octaves.

FIG. 10 shows a plan view of the cover plate 4jj, in CK. r the slots pO formed Hind. Although it may be any suitable Schlitzzahi _e ewähit, however, particularly gate results in the arrangement have _t emäij aen Fi-A _w acids 9 and IC yield. The outer rows of the shiits: ΰο p2, j., '\, Yj generally follow the contour ues Bc.uteij.es themselves, the next set of shiit-, en "^ o, oO, o2 generally run parallel to the outer ._- chlitsen in a ..ostarid of etv / a λ 4, where / lay V, "e ± lenili.n _{(: j} e of the highest intended operating frequency, measured in the ferrite. The third row of slots is available second ocnlitzreiüe in the same ratio as the zvveite. to the first the same applies to the fourth, fifth, etc. row of slots until no space is more. Each slot extends far _b ENU ₆ to the end of the arm, so that a sufficient fashion UnterdrUckun ^, with . wenifc so losses as possible is achieved for the TEM mode ^ ev-Unscnten the width of the slots of the mode suppressor is eg so as _ö gernaent possible tvpischei'weise ί'-j, -. 1000 mm.

FIG. 11 shows a plan view of a circulator with a different mode suppressor. It contains pieces of loss-prone material 4 ^, which is arranged in the plane of the member 4f and close enough to this, so that undesired o "; hwin _ö ungsformen suppressed v / ground before they can be formed properly, but should on the other hand the distance must be large enough that the losses for the

009829/0918

desired TEM mode can be kept to a minimum. The pieces of the Loss-prone material 4 ^> and the component 4 / are on one. Perrit disk 49 arranged.

A fashion suppression can also be done in a circulator or isolator with an internal load.

FIG. 12 shows a structure similar to FIG. 1 with the exception that the component 51 arranged on the ferrite 61 has four arms 53> 55. » t> i and 59. A similar structure could be shown with five or more arms. Each additional ..rni results in more than 20 dB additional attenuation but a second frequency range, provided that a sufficiently large field drop is provided in which the diameter is large enough for a given saturation magnetization and the mismatch at each arm does not exceed 1.2 to 1. The minimum attenuation between two neighboring arms can be given for a wide frequency band formula i% by (n - 2) (20) dB, where η is the number of arms. The larger η, the larger the minimum diameter must be for a given saturation magnetization.

FIG. Vj) shows a component with four arms, in which all energy is fed into the arm 1. The energy exiting at arm 2 is attenuated by less than 0.5 dB compared to the entry energy at arm 1, whereas that at arm j? Exiting energy is attenuated by more than 20 dB compared to the energy at arm 1, and the attenuation of the energy at arm 4 is more than 20 dB,

These multi-armed components work with a fashion suppressor over more than an octave, and with a mode suppressor as shown in FIGS and is also suitable for multi-channel circulators, about more than two octaves.

Symmetry is not essential for good operating behavior necessary requirement. In the figures l4a and l4b are two

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possible forms of multi-armed construction elements. ^ The Circulator according to Figure JAa consists of a ferrite rod 1; 52, on which a flat component 1 ^ 4 is arranged, which has a message part 1 ^ 0 from which n-arms 128 rake away. As shown in FIG. JAa, these arms can protrude along an edge in a straight line, or they can also protrude along the circumference of the component, as shown in FIG. 14b. Again, it only applies the condition that at the edge of the component between

qQ

neighboring / inside low loss the ratio -s- et-

dO ' ^y

which is less than -r- _t . All of these circulators work in the same way as is described with reference to FIGS . 5-12 and IJ. The component according to FIG. 14a can also be an insulator if the upper part of the ferrite 1> 2 is replaced by a lossy material.

FIG. 15 shows a plan view of a three-armed component, in which one arm is locked inside. Figure Io shows a cross section through a microstrip version of this Component. Here the lossy material is arranged between the cover plates and the arm of the component, v / which would usually be terminated by an external load for the ferrite coupler. A three-armed circulator, where one arm is locked is an isolator.

The component 70 has a central part 72 from which tapered arms 74, 76 and 80 project. The arm 74 acts as an input arm, the arm (b as an output arm. The arm 80 can optionally be closed off by an adapted load 84. Above the input and output arms and the edge of the component yj? Adjoining these arms, there is a ferrimagnetic disc Material 86 is provided, which extends to the center of the component by a distance ζ beyond this edge j5. The lossy material 88 is located under the rest of the component, ie under the remainder of the arm 80 A cover plate 90 is also provided.

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If the polarity of the magnetic field is so hollowed out from the left, that the energy circulates counterclockwise, then leaves most of the T 11 of the energy entering the arm γ4 denotes Circulator on arm 7υ. The distance ζ is chosen so that the energy arriving at the loss-affected material due to the field drop is sufficiently small that the Einoeisungsverluste not become excessively high.

When the energy is fed into the circulator at the arm 'j6 , it circulates in the direction of the arm, and a considerable portion of this energy is absorbed by the loss raateria] Oo and the load c: 4. The energy reaching the arm (4 from the arm ₍ o depends on 1) on the amplitude of the energy arriving directly from the arm Vo to the arm fh as a result of the incomplete field drop, 2) from the arm / 4 but the arm 60 as a result of the incomplete absorption arm eü reaching energy and J5) ^of the arm) '\ due to other 3 ehwingungsformen achieved energy.The relative phase and amplitude of this energy amounts determined in their adding at Ai ¹ Ki' century, the attenuation between the arm / 4 and the arm 76. This attenuation or separation is determined by the operating frequency, the material parameters of the wrlust material and the

d9
Ferrites, through the ratio ~ r ^ ~ of the component, the distances ζ and x. and the adaptation of the load 84. If the other parameters are the same, then the longer the distance χ, the higher the damping. The attenuation that can be achieved through the internal B load can be selected up to over όθ dB.

Internal stress also leads to fashion suppression, because the waste material arranged above the component suppresses those oscillation forms which normally can occur in the component and the vibrations are already dampened before they are properly formed, so that the transmission properties of the component do not deteriorate to unusable values in the first place will.

OO 9 8 2 9V O 91 8 _BAD original

FIG. 1 shows a further embodiment of a three-armed component with an internally closed arm. The component [0 * is arranged over a loss material b "B ^f and a ferrite Bb ^1. It has a central part f2 ^f -with outwardly protruding arms ^f4! and jo ^one whose shape is oestimmt by Eögen iJ · ', which are formed in opposite sides. This training is preferable to that of FIGS previous year) and lö, may be because of .- Nstand. made χ ^ practically any ROII so that an arbitrarily high isolation or Dämpfun be _o reaches * cann, v; ell continue the Aostand ζ easy to set the loss at a still acceptable Yr rt adjust can, because also the value of R 1 calibrates einstexlen 1: 13t, the input and output arms are in one line and, ultimately, what is particularly important, the straight edge of the component between the arms 1 and 2 strongly counteracts the occurrence of undesirable oscillation forms caused by the V Loss material can be damped with only very little impairment of the loss and insulation properties of the component.

Each of the components discussed so far can have one or more arms closed on the inside so that the mutual isolation is better and undesired forms of oscillation are suppressed. The component shown in Figure Ib has four arms, as shown in Figure 12 and differs from these by the inner closure of an arm. The component 6 * j has a central part 67, of which tapering arms 69, 71. » Ύ> and 7 5 protrude. Furthermore, a ferrimagnetic material (9) is provided over the larger part of the component which includes the arm / 1 and most of the part of the arms 69 and i'j. Over the arm 75 and the remainder of the part of the arms 69 runs una Yj>, a loss material 61.

Figure 19 corresponds to Figure l8, only that the loss material 6l is replaced by a sheet-shaped resistor material,

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which forms the required loss resistance termination.

FIG. 20 shows the course of the attenuation, the infeed rate and the ripple factor of a ribbon line version of the circulator shown in FIG 780 Gauss (Trans-Tech material number G11J5). The cover plates are made of silver-plated cold-rolled steel. The component consists of a brass sheet 0.127 mm thick with the dimensions according to Figure 2, where w = 0.553 mm, so that the input

dQ impedance is about 50.0hm. The V / ert -r- for this building-

- dö ^f y

part Ι, ΐγ. The value -τ— _t is for all frequencies below the resonance frequency of the operating mode o, Q and is therefore greater

dQ

more than -? - . It can be seen from FIG. 20 that the attenuation is more than 20 dB and the feed loss is less than 0.5 dB in the frequency range from '$,' $ to 0.9 GHz. Other waveforms occur above 6.9 GHz.

This vibration can be shaped by using it of a mode suppressor. For this purpose, the silver-plated steel cover plates are replaced by cover plates, which have a fashion suppressor shown in the figures 9 and 10 is shown. The cover plates are made from a metallized lossy material (Emerson and Cummings MF lib). The metallization consisting of silver is about 23, 1000 mm thick. The slots corresponded 10 and had a width of 0.0 / 6 mm and a spacing of 1.2 '/ "mm. The ferrite and the component remained unchanged. FIGS. 21, 21a and 21b show the insulation, the feed losses and the waviness factor this component. The feed-in losses are slightly higher here than in the other case, but that is usable frequency range has become greater than two octaves.

Figure 22 shows the isolation, injection losses, and ripple factor of a ribbon cable embodiment

009829/0918 _Q

the arrangement shown in FIG. The ferrite material was a Gl ijj measuring 50.8 χ 3 χ 1.5 E5 Y '™ · The "loss of material MP 116 had dimensions of 5 * 08 χ 20.2 x 1, 5Y The device consisted of a thickness brass of 0.12γ mm with the dimensions w = 0, j58 mm and R - 25 * 2 mm. (The materials GII and MP 116 have already been mentioned, the distances w and R are explained with reference to FIG. 2) made of silver-clad cold-rolled steel The leg (J in Figure 18 was terminated by an adjusted load, and the parameters plotted in Figure 22 exist between arms 69 and Yl.

In Figure 2 ^ the insulation, the feed losses and the ripple factor of a ribbon cable design of the component according to Figure 1γ is shown. The dimensions of the ferrite used, made of the material G113, were Yb, 2 12, / χ 0.102 mm. The loss material MF lld had the dimensions 76.2 × 19 × 0.102 mm and the component consisted of 0.12γ 'mm thick brass with the dimensions w = 0.254 mm and R - 31.8 mm. The cover plates were made of silver plated cold rolled steel.

FIG. 25 shows a component embodied in accordance with the invention in a modification which enables the processing iner higher peak performance allowed. When designing a microwave circulator or isolator, one strives for one as possible large bandwidth within which a good isolation and a good injection loss ratio is achieved, these ./erte should be as temperature-stable as possible. Continue to strive one assumes a linear transfer behavior. However, this latter feature poses problems, especially when the Component is used in pulse mode. These problems arise from the fact that many of the ferrite materials used have one have relatively low limit level or threshold level for the energy to be transmitted, above which the behavior does not becomes linear. Although it is possible to raise this limit level and thus increase the peak power to be processed, both

009829/0918

for example by using different ferrite materials with a wider spin resonance line width (H ^), however, such changes generally lead to a deterioration in other desirable properties of the device, such as the bandwidth, the temperature stability, the insulation and, or the feed-in losses.

According to the above-explained theory for the operation of circulators, the magnetic field in the component is concentrated along the edges of the component, so that a path with low losses in the direction which is normally the primary direction, while the losses for the opposite direction are high . In Fi & ur 2 ( the field strength is plotted, which decreases exponentially from a maximum value at the hand of the component. From this curve it can easily be seen that, because of the rapid decrease of the electric field with increasing distance from the edge, the furthest from the edge for linear work Ferrite removed from the edge does not need to have a high threshold value like the ferrite located adjacent to the edge, along which the greater part of the electrical energy spreads Component maximum power to be processed, the gyromagnetic material or the ferrite 100 is formed from two separate parts 101 and 102, which consist of different materials form a composite gyromagnetic medium 100. Adjacent to the F errit 100, a component 104 is arranged which is very similar to the component shown in FIG. Yf and has a pair of outwardly tapering arms 10½ and 107 which serve as input and output arms for the component. The gyromagnetic medium extends essentially over the entire part of the component in which the current is normally either in a

009829/0918

BATH ORIGINAL

Forward oaer in a backward direction ί'ϋεώϋ, una es ra ^ t preferably something '-. beyond its edges, vvie by the Ee zu, ^ s digit IGy is indicated so that the Randbeaineüii ^ 'en f 'Ir fulfills the Fei α within the component sina.

Las component 104; .at j.'ernr-r a third arm 110, which is , which ^; : o; uanar with the. .;:, roma ^ netiscnem iieolum jGO ver.i i-'uft and j- _o en whose edge abuts, adjacent and in contact with both the g.-jco lna ^ netic kealum 100 as well as with aem-afflicted material 112 a cover plate 114 is provided. The mu, -nn table * = field inrierholc <i <: s component is created with the help of ^ ines permanent magnets., ^ T, which f /, c ._, en the ί _ ,, νΐΌπΐύ ₆ -netic media 100 starts up.

The part 101 of the _{; J.} “Ro ^ ar / netiscnen I-lediains 100 is as a ::, kateria ^. formed, ", .elcxies aie, optimaxe _o e desired bandwidth and the optimal Binsoeisun .-. s losses: <ηα The maximum power to be processed by a component no en :: brings restrictions. Part 101 is hinsiciitlior. des component 104 is arranged so it aass those T of the component ii 'beraeckt which ate ^ redder part of the current od ^ r of bNER-ie in VorV / ärtsricntun f'lhrt ^. i ^ ei the uar _t esteixten component is along AIES of the upper edge 10 / of the component aer FaIx. The width of the T il ^ s 101 is aurcn äi-e 3pit2enener _i :; ie, w-eiche uas component in Vorviärtsrintuiit, is to pass through, and aurc.h aen ^ ewanschten limiting threshold value of the Component determined.

The part 102 of the gyromayaetisenen r> K-dium 100 is off a material formed, which in reverse direction, a offers optimal isolation. In general, this is a material with a narrower spin resonance line width than with the material for the T .11 101 of the

003823/0318

BATH

Is the case, and with high peak performance it would Tc-il 102 bring limitations. There. the purpose of part 102 also in an increase in the backward damping (damping in the opposite direction) is, this limitation has an improving rather than a «deteriorating effect.

For example, a limiting Swell yields of / 5 W peak power for a component of the .- described for improved peak power, rt with this Aowandlung using a component as shown in Fi _u for 25 whose gyromagnetis.ches medium 100 from a solid piece Garnet with a saturation magnetization of about 1800 Gauss (T.ans-Tech GlIj?) Is formed. If the same component is modified as shown in FIG. 2 ^ that it has a composite gyromagnetic medium, the part 102 of which consists of the same material as above and the part 101 of a doped garnet material with a saturation magnetization of about 1100 Gauss (oeispieweise Trans-Tech G1021), where the parts 101 and 102 have the same thickness, then increases the limiting threshold for the processable peak power to about 450 V /. A further increase in the proportion of the total pulp of the gyromagnetic medium 100, which consists of the material contained in the part 101, brings a further increase in the processable peak power.

The component shown in Figure 25 differs from that in Figure 17, in which the internally closed Arm and the adjacent loss-wetted material (110 and 112 in Figure 25) is modified to the middle improve processable performance of the component. Generally the material is for the inner seal and for the desired degree of insulation, a material that shows very high attenuation. That way it is

009829/091 » _oi .. _NAL

BAD ORVGlNAL

possible to make the load resistance relatively short. In the case of a component for a greater power to be processed, however, the temperatures occurring in the load resistor are often greater than the temperatures that this material can withstand, so that this material breaks apart or leads to a fire, so that the component is destroyed. For example, a material that can be used for high loads is polyiron, which has an attenuation factor of 80 dB "inches and can withstand temperatures of up to 20 ° C., so that a typical component of the type described with a maximum average power of 50 W can be built with it. Since the greater part of the energy absorbed and dissipated by such a loading material occurs in the vicinity of the interface between the lossy material and the ferritic material, and since such a material does not dissipate the heat particularly well, it can only be achieved by lengthening the Load resistance-forming material can achieve a noticeable increase in the maximum workable power. For this purpose, the loss material does not have to be selected according to its absorption and damping properties, but rather behave according to its heat transition and according to its temperature resistance with regard to the heating that occurs. Since the absorption properties of the material cannot be optimally selected, its length must be increased so that the desired sufficient degree of insulation is achieved. A particularly suitable material for this is silicon carbide known under the name carborundum. So that no energy is radiated into the surrounding area, the part of the component in contact with the lossy material should be long compared to the wavelength of the lowest operating frequency, preferably at least 3 as long the material forming the load resistance is shown as ending butt, it can optionally just as well be used with a tapering course.

009829/0918

When using a load resistor of the above embodiments, instead of a common load formed in an insulator of Figure 2o results in an increase in the limit power of ^) O to y $ Q Yi.

Another factor influencing the overall operational characteristics of a microwave isolator or isolator is the uniformity of the magnetic field within the ferrite material. In general, in ferrite components The type in question uses two basic materials for the magnets. One of these materials is a kerainic material with a 'particle orientation, the other one is made of aluminum, Material made up of nickel and cobalt, so-called Alnico. The ceramic magnets are generally uniform in shape in their magnetic properties, but their temperature resistance is not as good as that of alnico magnets. On the other hand, the alnico magnets are not so uniform in terms of inclusions and their metal structure the formation of their magnetic field.

With common ferrite components, be it in ribbon cable, in microstrip or waveguide technology, the magnets used to generate the magnetic field in the component are next to the ferrite arranged in relief-like incisions in the cover plates normally made of aluminum. The same the Alurainium cover plates do not significantly affect the uniformity of the field, but rather that generated by the magnet Field to get into ^ ferrite can be done with this Although the arrangement works satisfactorily with conventional ferrite components, it can achieve any further improvement the uniformity of the field brings practically nothing worth mentioning 'Improvement of the operating behavior of such a component. When operating circulators according to the invention on the other hand, the operational characteristics become due to the uniformity the magnetic field within the circulator is significantly improved.

009829/0918

BATH ORIGINAL

One method of producing a uniform field in the component consists in producing the cover plates from a magnetically soft or permeable material such as cold-rolled steel. While such a cover plate structure would lead to a uniform F'.la, but would also increase the total weight in an undesirable manner, it would also lead to a distribution of the field or a much larger area, namely the entire surface of the cover plate, and thus relatively ^ Require rolie magnets so that the required field strength in the component for the correct premagnetization ues ferrite material is achieved. Figures 2b and 29 illustrate an improved plate structure for the component of Figure 2-j which is designed so that a uniform field can be created within the component without the need for large magnets.

2c and 29 it can also be seen that the cover plate designated 114 in FIGS. 25 and 26 has a, plate or sheet Ho made of a material which is a relatively good conductor, is non-magnetic and the heat ^ \ xt dissipates, for example from aluminum. The part of the plate which is arranged adjacent to the ferrite is removed except for the pair of arms 119 and 120. A plate 121 of preferably still permeable ferromagnetic «! Material, for example cold-rolled steel, is then attached to the inside and 120, for example with the aid of screws 122. As the figures show, the thickness of the screens 120 and 120 is reduced and the thickness of the plate 121 is chosen so that the Surfaces of the plates 11d and 121 are copianar next to the component, the plate 121 being part of the cover plate. To avoid impairment or signs of corrosion of the cover plate as well as to increase its electrical conductivity, the ferromagnetic plate 121 is preferably coated with a conductive, essentially corrosion-resistant material such as silver or gold.

009829/0918

ORIGlNAL BATHROOM

If the improved base plate according to FIG. 29 is used, .As indicated in Figure 2o, then there is the ferromagnetic Plate 121 in direct contact with the gyromagnetic medium 100 and is arranged so that their neighboring The upper surfaces are practically the same size. The magnet 116, which is formed in the arms 119 and 120 The recess fits with one of its outer surfaces in direct contact with the ferromagnetic plate 121 and is practically the same size.

The replacement of the cover plate according to FIGS. 20 and 29 (using aluminum and cold rolled steel for their two parts) instead of a usual one, just off Aluminum existing cover plate in a ferrite insulator as shown in Figure 2p, leads to essential Improvements in performance even if the bias is generated by ceramic magnets. Investigations of such a component have shown that with this improved cover plate, the bandwidth at each end of the frequency band 15/6 'larger - the insulation is better, that the feed-in losses are reduced by 0.23 dB and that the temperature stability is improved.

Although the part 118 of the cover plate is a solid plate is shown, this is not necessary. For example, the portion 118 may not be conductive using a layer magnetic material, for example aluminum, on a plate of non-magnetic, non-conductive material, for example Bakelite, be formed by plating, depositing or the like. This is of course up to it make sure that the conductive, non-magnetic layer has a sufficient penetration depth so that the Energy is possible.

Figure ^ O shows a modified embodiment of the component according to the invention, in which the outer shell

009829/0918

make connection parts easier to connect. In the case of the basic form of the invention described here, it is necessary, because the gyromagnetic medium of the ferrite 100 practically extends to the edges of the component, that the width of the arms is very small so that the impedance of the arms can be matched to the external circuit. for example to a 50 ohm wave impedance of a line. For example, the normal width for an arm would be on the order of 0.25 rom. Such small measurements make it very difficult and expensive to connect the circuit to the connector. The improved embodiment according to FIG. 30 facilitates the connection of the component 104 to an external circuit, in particular to a connecting piece, by providing conductive extensions, for example 130 and 131, on the corresponding arms. Using customary construction techniques, the surface area of the conductive parts I30, I3I ^{s0 is} calculated so that the desired impedance for an adaptation to the external circuit is achieved. Since the parts I30, I3I are not covered by the ferrite material, and are preferably surrounded by an air dielectric, their surface area (width) is considerably larger than that of the component on its arms.

If necessary, the parts 130 and IjJl can themselves with Projections 132 and 133 provided reduced surface area v / earth, which then form the connection points to the connections of the component; the surface area of the Projections 132, 133 is dimensioned so that each unequal distance of the connection point between the cover plates compensated will.

Some of the above-described versions of the circulators according to the invention have been described without mode suppressors so that the description is not too extensive will. Of course, all of the circulators described can of course be used also be provided with fashion suppressors without that this would have to be explained in detail.

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39 195858

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. H. Eosma, "On stripline ί-circulation at UKFj" IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Tecnnigues, vol . MTT -12, j ό.61- <£ January 19o4.

2 · CE Fay ana RL Comstock, "Operation of the l'crriti junction circulator," IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques vol. MTT-I.?, Pp. Lp-2f, January

.U. Patent No.

k. S.Rarao, JR VIhinnery., And T. Van Duzer, Fields and

V.aves in Communication Electronics, John ', viley,

0 09829/0918

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Claims (1)

F atc η t ά. η ι. jν α ο ϊι _e Γ 1.) Learn tepid I; ι for the transmission of microwaves mi: at least eil.er cover plate, an OAI allei adjacent DIE her extending planar conductor part, characterized _e "^ k ^s · ~ ζ e 1 G h η et that the Leiterteli ^(12)! has a plurality of outwardly tapering arms (Ic, 20, 22) and the imoedance lan- ^ s ues Leiterteiies does not change. / r ο magnetic part (10) is arranged, and -r \ .a antireu.-jend. an uie jXckolauoe (--o) a Harnet (9p) to the "Lrseutdn _b des ma _o netis; chen Feiaes, which the uji 'o- : na _a netise.ie T il oraktiscli is completely penetrated, arranged in such a way that the component does not work properly and the energy passes through the conductor element (12) practically along its edges will. 2. Component according to / uißpraoh 1, α a α u r c h characterized in that the ^ Romasnetic part (10) itself extends at least over the run of the conductor part (12), in which case the energy propagates in a forward direction. ^ j. Component according to Ansoruch 1, üa α u r c h κ e k e η η (ll'j, 120, i; .l '121; stands ·, DALD the cover plate ^ * has means which are in the from the magnet 9 ^ magnetic field generated and virtually all of the _& yroma &-magnetic part (10) overlap, so As the magnetic field supplied to aetn gyromagne z ± see part (10) is practically linear. 4. Component according to claim ^, characterized in that the cover plate (2ü) substantially consists of non-macnetic, conductive material and that (121 die Mitxel, v / elene das dem. oyroma ^ ietic i ^v ii (10) to make the supplied magnetic field uniform, a part of the cover plate (26) consisting of feeromagnetic material 009829/0918 BATH ORIGINAL have, which is arranged adjacent to the magnet (95). p. Component according to claim 4, characterized (121; draws that the ferromagnetic part is the 'gyromagnetic Part (10) The moves. 6. The component according to claim 4, d a you r c h characterized in that the cover plate (2b) is a non-magnetic, is non-conductive plate, which is on a surface with a layer of * non-magnetic, conductive material is provided, which is attached to the flat conductor part (12) and in a recess in the cover plate (2b). /. Component according to Claim 4, characterized in that that the magnet (95) is a permanent magnet, that the ferromagnetic part of the cover plate (2ö) a highly permeable material and in direct contact with the gyrOmagnetic part (10) and the magnet stands, and that the contact surface adjoining the magnet and the ferromagnetic part have practically the same dimension to have. d. Component according to Claim 4, characterized in that that the magnet (95) is in direct contact with the ferroinagnetic T'jxI (12) of the cover plate (2b) along the entire adjacent O surface. 9, component according to claim 6, characterized in that the adjoining surfaces of the magnet (95) of the ferromagne ti see part (121) have the same dimension. 10. Component according to claim 4, characterized in that that the ferromagnetic T il (121) is highly permeable. 009829/0918 ^ßA0 11. The component according to claim 10, characterized in that g e k e η η z e ic h η e t that the ferromagnetic material is made from cold rolled steel. 12. The component according to claim 10, characterized in that the cover plate ein'das ferromagnetic Part (121) containing .aluminium plate (118). 13 · Component according to Claim 10, characterized in that that the ferromagnetic part (121) is plated with a conductive, corrosion-resistant material. 14. The component according to claim 11, characterized in that the ferromagnetic part is plated with gold is. 15 component according to claim 1, characterized in that that the gyromagnetic part (10, 100) is composed of a first (101) and a second (102) component which are made of different materials and are arranged coplanar to one another that the first component (101) covers that part of the conductor part (10) which is normally exposed to the energy in the forward direction is traversed, and that the second component (102) covers that part of the conductor part (10) which contains the path for the reverse flow of energy. 16. The component according to claim 15 * characterized in that the material of the first component (101) of the gyromagnetic part (10, 100) is chosen so that the desired bandwidth, the peak power limit and the injection losses in the forward direction of the energy flow are optimal and that the material of the second component (102) of the gyromagnetic part (10,100) is chosen so that that the insulation properties in the reverse direction of the energy flow are optimally chosen so that the processable top 009829/0918 BATH power is increased, while a relatively high damping in the reverse direction is obtained. 1/. Component according to claim lö, d a d u r c h g e k e η η draws, that the first component (101 of the gyromagnetic part (100) forming portion is the desired The minimum proportion that results in peak performance. lo. Component according to Claim 16, characterized in that the material of the first component (101) of the gyromagnetic material (100) is a doped material that has a larger spin resonance line width than the material of the second component (102 has. 19. The component according to claim 18, characterized in that the magnetic saturation of the material of the first and second component (101, 102) of the gyromagnetic part (100) at around 1100 or 1800 G.uss lies. 20. The component according to claim 16 ", since d u r c h g e k e η η draws that an internal burden, which is a loss-prone Material (88) contains which part of the conductor part (12) which is attached to the second component (102) of the gyromagnetic part (100) is adjacent, covered. 21. Component according to claim 20, characterized in that that the lossy material (88) is in contact and practically coplanar with the second component (102) of the gyromagnetic part (100) runs. 22. The device of claim 1, wherein an arm (74) as an input terminal and a second arm (Yb ") as <vusgangsanschluss is used, characterized in that from a part ((2) of the conductor part (70), a third arm ( 80) extends outward between the input port and the output port, the length of which is large 0098 29/0918 BAD ORIGINAL In comparison to the length of the lowest operating frequency of a component, a layer (88) of loss-retaining material is practically the entire length of the third -> r mes (ou) coplanar to and adjacent to the gyromagnetic part ( ho) covered and acts as a load for the ladder part (YO)., and dal? the lossy material of the layer (88) has good thermal conductivity and withstands the high temperatures occurring during operation of the component, so that the performance limit of the component is increased. 2 ^. The component according to claim 22, characterized marked for calibration η e t_ that the length of the third arm oeträgt 680) at least j) wavelength of the lowest operating frequency. 24. Component according to claims 2. '?, characterized in that the lossy material is silicon carbide. Component according to Claim 16, in which one arm ((%) serves as an input connection and a second arm ((6) as an output connection), characterized in that a third part ((2) of the conductor part (γθ) is seen Arm (bü) between aem input connection and the output connection extends outwards, the length of which is large compared to the length of the lowest operating frequency of the B uc-lementes, since a layer (88) of loss-containing material practically the entire length of the third .. arm (oG) copianar to and adjacent to the gyromagnetic part (ob) covers and acts as a load for the conductor part (γθ), and that the lossy material of the layer (88) conducts heat well and withstands the high temperatures occurring during operation of the component, so that the performance limit of the component is increased. 25. Component according to claim 1, in which at least one ₍₄ rm serves as an input connection and at least one second arm serves as an output connection, characterized in that 'the gyromagnetic part (8b) covers the entire surface of the arms forming the input or output connection' 009829/0918 BATH ORIGINAL ((%, (ο) covers j that the conductor part (/ 'O) has further conductive parts (1 ^ 0, 1 ^ 2; Yj) 1, 1J53), which protrude from the input and output connections and whose outer surface areas are larger than the input and are Ausgangsarischlüsüe are "and designed so that impedance matching is achieved at the ¹ connected external circuit and can easily connect this circuit. 27 Component for the transmission of electromagnetic "waves with a waveguide whose upper operating frequency is limited by the occurrence of undesired waveforms, characterized in that the transmission line has a mode suppressor (39, 43, t>0-6t>) for suppressing at least part of the has undesirable oscillation modes. 28. The component according to claim 2 ( characterized in that it is designed as a circulator 1st. 29. The component according to claim 2ö, characterized in that the circulator is a stripline circulator and a circulator guide part (28). ~ jO. Component according to claims 2 ^ 5 and 29 * that the mode suppressor has a cover plate (39) in which a plurality of slits (^ O) are formed, which run in the direction of the current flow of the desired oscillation mode and which belong to undesired oscillation modes Interrupt currents 31. The component according to claim 27, d a d u r c h characterized in that the transmission device as an insulator is formed in stripline or microstrip technology and a conductor part (28) and a ferrimagnetic material 0.2 covering at least part of this conductor part, and that the fashion suppressor is a lossy one Material (4.2) contains which at least part of the LeJL- 009829/0918 BATH ORIGINAL 195858 part (20) covered by which at most a minimum of currents of the desired oscillation mode flows. 32. Component for the transmission of microwaves, characterized by a cover plate (37 * 4-1; 39. »43) through a flat conductor part (28), which is arranged next to and parallel, but at a distance from the cover plate, and a central section ( 30) as well as a plurality of outwardly extending tapering arms (32, 34, 'j) o) and is shaped so that no sudden changes in impedance occur along it, furthermore by a gyromagnetic part (33> 35) which can be magnetized by a magnetic field is and rubbed the flat conductor part (28) is arranged. 33 · Component according to Claim 32, its upper operating frequency due to the occurrence of undesired forms of vibration is limited, characterized by means to suppress at least some of the undesirable ones Waveforms. 34. Component for the transmission of microwaves, characterized in that in addition to cover plates (3 / \>41; 39, 43) a conductor part (28) with a central section (30) and several arms (32, 34 , 30) and next to this Leiterteii gyromagnetic parts (33. »35) ₃ which are magnetizable by a magnetic field, are arranged in such a way that the component does not work in resonance, and that the edges of the flat conductor part (28) are shaped so that the impedance curve along the conductor part is not sudden. has changes. 3ij «component according to. Claim 3 ^ »characterized in that the edges of the ladder part (28) terminate on both sides of at least one of the arms in a tapering part in the form of smooth curves. 009829/0918 SA ORIGINAL Hl ^ q. Component according to Claim 35 > characterized in that the curves are identical. JY. Component according to Claim 35j characterized in that that the curves are circular arcs. yö. Element according to claim y ^ _s, characterized in that the curves are pieces of exponential curves. 39 · device according to claim ~ j> o, characterized in that the curves are vonHvperbeln pieces. 40. Component according to claim 35 * characterized. that the curves are S-gaps of parabolas. 41. Components according to claim 34, characterized in that that the conductor part (28) is symmetrical. h2. Component according to Claim 41, characterized in that geke η η - z e i h nicely, that the tapering arms (32, 34, 3) at equal angular distances from the middle section (JO) of the ladder section (28) protrude. 4 ^. Component according to Claim> 4, the upper operating frequency of which limited by the occurrence of undesired waveforms is identified by means of oppression at least some of the undesirable forms of pollution. 44. Component according to claim 4j5j, characterized in that that the means for suppressing the undesired, oscillation forms have cover plates (57 * 41; 39 * ^ 3), which are applied as a thin conductive layer on a thicker lossy material, and that in at least one of the thin layers slits are formed 09829/0918 HS " which protrude through them and in the direction of the river flow of the desired oscillation mode. 4 ^. Component according to claim 4 ^, characterized in that that the means of suppressing undesirable waveforms is a lossy material (41, 43) which at least part of the ladder part (2fc) covered, by v / calibration at most a minimal one Share of 4 currents of the desired form of oscillation flows. 4ö. Component according to Claim 4fj, characterized in that the conductor part (65) has four arms (6y,? L, (Pi Yi}), one of which (73) through the lossy material (6l) to increase the insulation this arm is closed. ' 4 ,. The component according to claim 45, characterized marked ze 1 h α η et in that it comprises three arms (/ 4, y'6, BO), of which one (BO) afflicted loss through the material (d8) for increasing insulation aer completed by this arm and to form an insulator. 4b. Component according to Claim 4 / ·, characterized in that along the edge of the conductor part (Iü4) between two of its arms (10b, lüö) a resistance material (112) is provided. Ay. Component according to Claim 28, marked c h η e t through training as a circulator in microstrip technology. 50. component according to .nspruch j5i ?, characterized in that that at least one of the curves (107) is a straight line. 51. Component according to .jis claim 4 /, characterized in that the edge (10 1) of the conductor part (100) connecting the other two arms (1O6,1O8) is a straight line that causes as little stimulation as possible for undesired oscillation forms. GG9828 / Ö918 BAD OBiGVNAt