DE19503610A1 - Electrical machine stator and rotor design for multi-phase electrical machine - Google Patents

Abstract

A stator for a polyphase and multipole electrically commutated machine in which the phases are distributed in zones along the stator (3). The winding conductor (8) of a phase within a zone is wound in a meander around a next-following stator pole (5) so that the slot width between two adjacent stator poles (5) corresponds to the with of the winding conductor (8). The rotor poles (9) comprise sheet metal strips with tangentially, magnetised permanent magnets (I) arranged between the rotor poles (9).

Description

The invention relates to a stand and a runner for a multi-phase and multi-pole, electrically commutatable Machine, the phases being zoned along the stand are distributed, as well as a process for their preparation.

Conventional electrical machines usually have two layer or two-day windings. Since the Cross the bobbins in the winding head and pass each other need to be, are the winding heads and accordingly the copper losses of such machines are relatively large.

For this reason, published patent application DE 33 20 805 a multi-phase synchronous electric machine with high Number of poles proposed, in which the coils of the same phase ne are arranged side by side and two adjacent coils in same groove. The phases are circumferential in zones distributed, with a distance between the zones that the Win angle shift between the zones is inserted has been.

Fig. 12 is an example of the structural design shows such a machine. A section of an external pole machine is shown, which is preferably used as an external rotor machine. The excitation is generated by radially magnetized permanent magnets 1 , which are placed on a yoke 2 of the rotor. Coils 4 a, 4 b and 4 c of the stator winding are accommodated in the slots in the stator core 3 of the stator. The teeth 5 of the laminated core 3 are provided with pole shoes 6 , which partially close the grooves.

In Fig. 13 a section of the winding arrangement of the stator is shown, the six adjacent coils S1 to S6 with changing current flow direction R, -R he first zone Z1 (phase R) and two adjacent coils S7 and S8 with changing current flow direction T, - T comprises a second zone Z2 (phase T), a spatial distance a being provided at the transition from the winding zone Z1 to the winding zone Z2. The sides of two adjacent coils 1 are arranged in the same groove, with half of the pole groove being filled out by the coil closest to the pole.

There are one per winding strand R, S, T on the circumference of the stator or arranged several winding zones of the same width. Of the Distance a between two neighboring zones is preferred wise, six zones used a third of the pole division chosen. By the sum of the spatial distances a accordingly remains part of the circumference unwrapped, the corresponds to double pole pitch. Thus is the pole number difference difference between runner and stand is two.

According to a further exemplary embodiment of that in DE 33 20 805 proposed synchronous machine, the distance a depending but can also be distributed evenly over each zone. Here the pole pitch of the stator winding is larger than the pole part excitation, which is between adjacent coils there is a small phase shift within ei ner zone to the phase angle between adjacent windings strands added. Because of the phase shift, the However, coils of a zone are connected in series the.

In the prior art described above, the ge Entire rotor or stator cross-section from a sheet ge punches.

This results in a high loss of material during manufacture Consequence and requires elaborate dies.

Since the entire rotor and stator cross-section from the Ma required magnetic field concentration rial such as dynamo sheet, have the well-made machines also have a relatively high weight and thus a high moment of inertia.

Furthermore, the configuration of the stator poles and associated winding coils shown in FIG. 12 allows only a relatively small number of poles and, owing to the relatively large pole cross section, requires a correspondingly large reflux volume in the yoke of the stator and the rotor and thus a relatively high weight.

The invention is therefore based on the object of a stand and a rotor for a multi-phase and multi-pole, elec tric commutatable machine and a method for its To provide manufacturing by which a simple manufac with low material loss and high performance the electrical machine with low mass inertia light becomes.

This object is achieved by a stand or a rotor for an electrical machine of the beginning mentioned type by means of the characteristic features of Pa Claims 1, 12 and 15.

Furthermore, the object is achieved by a method for Manufacture of a stand or a runner for one more phase and multipole electrical machine based on the im Labeling part of claims 19 and 20 indicated steps.

According to the stator winding arrangement according to the invention speaks the groove width between adjacent stator poles Width of a winding conductor. This enables an essential che reducing the slot width and increasing the number of poles.

This in turn has the consequence that the magnetic yoke the stator or rotor poles over a much lower one Volume can be done so that the connecting yoke of the stand der- or rotor poles by a relatively thin and therefore flexible ferromagnetic jacket can be realized, so that the volume of active magnetic material drastically re is induced.

The jacket-shaped design of the connecting yoke Stator poles enables a completely new manufacturing process drive the stand, in which the poles with the dazwi located winding conductors by pouring on a  Carrier are fixed and only then the runner opposite pole ends to ensure backflow magnetically connected by means of the ferromagnetic jacket will. Finally the inner carrier is removed.

Punching out the entire stand cross-section and subsequently Lich winding around the stator poles from the inside therefore no longer necessary.

For example, those located between the laminated cores Chen winding parts before joining the sheet packages are attached to this so that the stand out a large number of identical individual parts can be assembled.

It is also possible to initially stack the pole laminations on one to arrange cylindrical bodies as a star-shaped structure and then the winding conductor from the outer circumference of the Stand in the pole grooves.

With a radial alignment of the sheets, the star-shaped Ge form also be punched in a conventional manner, whereby after Introduction of the windings and subsequent fixing, at for example by casting with synthetic resin or the like, the inside right part of the punch cross section is removed.

In this way, the thickness of the tubular Ständerkör pers and thus the volume of the active material compared to the known embodiment shown in Fig. 12 can be significantly reduced, which leads to a lower weight of the stan ders and to better material use with the same Mate rialkosten.

According to the invention, the rotor can due to the high number of poles as a hybrid runner with the one opposite the stand Surface of the tangentially magnetized permanent magnets be formed, between the permanent magnet The laminations are layered, which are the poles of the rotor form.  

The magnetic reflux in the rotor takes place via the permanent magnets, so that the additional ferromagnetic yoke 2 shown in FIG. 12 is not required and the weight of the rotor can therefore be reduced significantly.

The runner becomes one in the same way as the stand layered tubular body, so the cylindrical In hollow body of the rotor in an internal rotor machine or from a material with a low specific weight such as for example aluminum or plastic are produced, resulting in further weight and mas reduction inertia leads.

By equipping the runner with the wick according to the invention an electrical machine that can be implemented regulate the excitation current flowing in the rotor winding is cash.

Furthermore, a construction as a reluctance motor is possible that on the surface of the Läu opposite the stand He formed a thin toothed ferromagnetic layer is.

In the above-mentioned embodiment according to the invention shapes are only rectangular in manufacture Sheet metal strips required, so that the previous loss of material due to the punching of the cross-sectional shape of the rotor or of the stand is avoided.

By compared with the aforementioned prior art the difference in the number of poles can be significantly higher Stands and runners and thus also the number of zones in one Phase will be increased, which will result in the distribution of forces in the Machine is more even.

In addition, due to the lower volume of the active material through which the magnetic field flows lower magnetic losses (iron losses) and due to the made possible by the winding arrangement according to the invention  short winding conductor length or larger winding conductor wide lower ohmic losses (copper losses).

It can also occur at higher frequencies in the winding conductor current displacement due to the skin effect by the Winding conductor design according to the invention reduced who the.

Furthermore, the machine can due to the invention Construction can be operated at higher frequencies, because in there is only one winding conductor within one pole slot.

The structure according to the invention is electrically commu for all animal machines such as asynchronous machines, synchronous machines reluctance motors, stepper motors, linear motors etc. can be used advantageously.

Advantageous embodiments of the invention are in the sub claims listed.

The invention is described below with reference to exemplary embodiments len described with reference to the drawing. It demonstrate:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment according to the Invention as a synchronous machine with internal rotor,

Fig. 2 is a stator winding arrangement of the first fiction, modern embodiment with three phases and six zones,

Fig. 3 shows a rotor winding arrangement for a synchronous machine operated as a motor or generator.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a second embodiment according to the invention as a synchronous machine with internal rotor,

Fig. 5, for example approximately an enlarged detail of the set in Fig. 4 Darge sectional view of the second exporting according to the invention,

Fig. 6 is a sectional view of the disassembled stator poles associated with to winding conductor portions according to the second embodiment OF INVENTION to the invention,

Fig. 7 is a sectional view of a third embodiment according to the invention as a synchronous machine with external rotor,

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of a drive device in which the external rotor machine is used according to the third embodiment of the invention,

FIG. 9A is a sectional view of a fourth embodiment according to the invention as a synchronous machine with external rotor,

Fig. 9B is a detail of a sectional view of a modification of the fourth embodiment according to the invention, wherein the stand is carried out pieces to reduce the radial forces two component,

Fig. 10 is a sectional view of a fifth embodiment according to the invention as a linear motor,

Fig. 11 shows an enlarged detail of the presented in FIG. 10 Darge sectional view of the fifth embodiment in partially disassembled form,

Fig. 12 is a constructive embodiment of an external rotor syn chron machine according to the prior art, and

Fig. 13 shows a detail of a stator winding arrangement according to the prior art.

The first exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is a synchronous machine with an inner rotor 20 and a stator 3 . The rotor 20 consists of an inner cylinder 10 and a tubular body enclosing the inner cylinder 10 , which is constructed from Läu ferpolen 9 , which are formed from axially aligned ferromagnetic sheet strip packages, with tangentially magnetized permanent magnets 1 in between.

The magnetization of the permanent magnets 1 is such that it results in alternating magnetic north and south poles at the rotor pole ends, at which the magnetic field lines emerge.

The inner cylinder 10 is made of aluminum or some other material with a low specific weight and sufficient strength. The inner cylinder 10 can also be completely omitted, so that the rotor 20 forms out as a hollow body.

The manufacture of the rotor 20 can follow, for example, such that the rod-shaped permanent magnets 1 together with the rod-shaped sheet metal strip packages are first clamped onto the surface of a cylindrical body on its end face and then cast with a synthetic resin or the like. Finally, the rotor 20 is brought to its final dimensions by grinding the end faces.

The stator 3 is also formed from a tubular body ge, the axially aligned sheet metal strips as Stän derpole 5 and between them meandering around the stator poles 5 has wound winding conductor 8 . The view shown in FIG. 1 shows the stator winding head with the multi-layer windings of one zone and the drawn-out rotor 20 .

During manufacture, the sheet metal strip packages are first also attached to a cylindrical body, so that a star-shaped body is created. Then the Winding conductors from the outside of the star-shaped body brought in. The resulting cylindrical stand body can be potted with a synthetic resin or the like, whereupon the cylindrical inner body is removed and the inner side of the stand to the final inside diameter is sanded.  

Around the tubular stator body thus obtained, a ferro-magnetic jacket 7 is wound, which forms the yoke of the stator pole 5 .

However, there is also a radial alignment of the stator pole sheet metal possible, with the cross-section of the sternför stamped body from a sheet and then the Winding conductor around the ends of the layered sheets is celt. After pouring and sheathing the resulting NEN cylindrical body becomes a cylindrical inner part removed from the body.

In operation, the field lines of a permanent magnet 1 of the rotor 20 run through the adjacent rotor poles 9 , from where they emerge from the rotor surface of the rotor 20 and through the opposing stator poles 5 and the part which is used as a yoke and thus as a conclusion for the magnetic field of the jacket 7 close.

The stator poles 5 are preferably divided into uniform zones, the windings of which are assigned a corresponding three-phase phase. Due to the high number of poles that can be implemented, a higher pole number difference between stator 3 and rotor 20 is possible compared to the prior art mentioned above, so that the number of zones per phase can be increased.

This results in a more even power distribution during operation division along the circumference, causing the imbalance of the machine is reduced and thus a better concentricity and a ge less noise can be achieved.

Fig. 2 shows a stator winding arrangement of a stator with 48 poles and 6 zones and the associated connections R, S, T, U, V and W. Within a zone, the winding conductor is wound meanderingly around the successive stator poles 5 .

In the case of generator operation, the rotor 20 has an excitation winding instead of the permanent magnets 1 . The winding conductor of the excitation winding is wound in the same way as the stator windings meandering around the rotor poles 5 formed from Blechstreifenpake th, so that a rohrörmi ger rotor body is formed, which is plugged onto the inner cylinder 10 shown in Fig. 1.

If an excitation direct current flows through the excitation winding, magnetic north and south poles alternate at the rotor pole ends. By rotating the rotor 20 , a sinusoidal voltage is induced in the stator windings, the level of which can be regulated by the excitation current.

Fig. 3 is a developed armature winding arrangement with connecting poles for excitation DC power source. The winding conductor is wound meandering around the rotor poles 9 along the entire rotor circumference.

The rotor 20 with excitation winding constructed in this way can also be used to implement an asynchronous machine.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view showing a second embodiment of the invention with 78 stator poles and 80 rotor poles 9 5. The internal rotor synchronous machine shown has on the rotor surface corresponding to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, he permanent magnet 1 with intermediate, in the axial direction aligned Blechstrei fenpaketen as rotor poles 9 .

Between the stator poles 5 also formed from laminated strip packages, axially aligned, rod-shaped winding conductor sections 8 are arranged, which are conductively connected to the respective end faces of the stator 3 in such a way that the meandering winding according to the invention is produced.

In predetermined zones of the stator 3 shortened stator poles 11 are introduced, which are not connected to the stator poles 5 to give the ferromagnetic sheath 7 and between which there are no winding conductor sections 8 .

Instead of the winding conductor sections 8 , 11 Hall sensors 12 or other sensors can be introduced between the shortened stator poles, by means of which the speed or angular position of the rotor 20 can be determined.

Fig. 5 shows an enlarged section of the second exemplary embodiment, wherein the air gap 13 between the stator 3 and rotor 20 can be seen.

A top view of a part of a dismantled stand 3 according to the second exemplary embodiment according to the invention is shown in FIG. 6, the stand 3 being constructed from identical pole-winding components. This structure leads to a considerably simplified production of the stand 3 .

Already in the manufacture of the pole-winding components, the winding conductors are wound in an electrically insulated manner around the stan derpole 5 , the winding conductor sections 8 arranged on one side of the stan derpole 5 being precisely cut across the gap between the winding conductor sections 8 on the other side . On the end sides of the pole-winding components, the respective axial winding conductor sections 8 of the two sides are connected to one another via obliquely extending connecting sections 15 .

In this way, the pole-winding components can be interleaved with one another so that the interstices between the stator poles 5 are completely filled by the winding conductor sections 8 , the pole spacing being only one winding width.

Between the stacked pole winding components th is a thin insulating film 14 for electrical insulation tion of the winding conductor sections 8 with each other or ge compared to the stator poles 5 .

The aspect ratio of the winding conductor cross-sections changes in the radial direction, the cross-sectional area being con remains constant. This configuration serves the further Verrin  reduction of the current displacement caused by the skin effect supply.

The winding profile is determined by means of soldering or metalizing electrical connections 17 between the corresponding ends of the axially aligned winding conductor sections 8 on the respective end faces of the pole-winding components.

Here, too, there is a meandering winding profile around the stator poles 5 with respect to the current direction.

The arrow marks 16 show the course of the electrical current through the winding conductor sections 8 .

The stator 3 is produced by interlocking layers of the pole winding components according to FIG. 6 to form a hollow cylinder and subsequent casting with a synthetic resin or the like. Then the inside and outside diameters and the end faces are made to measure. Finally, the hollow cylinder formed in this way is encased with the ferromagnetic jacket 7 on the outer circumference.

Fig. 7 shows a third exemplary embodiment according to the invention of the electrical machine, which is constructed in this case as an external rotor synchronous machine, the external rotor 20 having ninety poles and the internal stator 3 having eighty-nine poles.

The laminated core strips of the stator poles 5 are U-shaped in this exemplary embodiment and are attached with outwardly directed openings on the outer surface 19 of a hollow cylinder 18 . The hollow cylinder 18 has bores 22 , by means of which it is screwed to a drive device containing the motor, the inner diameter 21 being pressed against a conical part of the drive device.

The grinding of the inner diameter of the U-shaped Blechpa ketstreifen 5 is omitted in the present case.

The respective legs of the laminated core strips form the stator poles 5 , the axially oriented winding conductor sections 8 being introduced between the legs of each U-shaped laminated core strip, so that identical pole-winding components also arise in the present case, from which the stator 3rd by layering and then electrically connecting the Wicklungsleiterab sections 8 is made at the respective ends.

The tubular outer rotor 20 consists of axially aligned th laminated cores as rotor poles 9 , which are alternately layered together with tan gential magnetized permanent magnets 1 to a tube shape.

Due to the tangential magnetization of the permanent magnets 1 , the magnetic field lines emerging from the rotor pole ends and forming the magnetic yoke close via the permanent magnets 1 . Therefore, such geschich ended tubular form is surrounded by a non-magnetic casing 2 A.

FIG. 8 shows a sectional view of a drive device having the external rotor motor according to FIG. 7.

The external rotor 20 is attached to the inside of a body 25 bell-shaped, which serves for power transmission and which is fastened to a rotatably mounted drive shaft 24 . The hollow cylinder 18 is fastened to the housing 27 of the drive device by means of screws 23 . Furthermore, the winding conductor sections 8 can be seen in this sectional view, the ends 26 of which alternately protrude from one of the two end faces of the external rotor motor, so that they can be connected to one another by means of the electrical connections 17 shown in FIG. 6 to define the meandering winding course.

A fourth embodiment as an external rotor synchronous machine with fifty rotor poles and forty-eight stator poles is shown in FIG. 9A.

The outer rotor 20 , which can also be bell-shaped when the motor according to FIG. 8 is used, consists of a ferromagnetic metal tube 28 as a yoke, on the inside of which radially magnetized permanent magnets 29 are attached as rotor poles, the magnetization direction of adjacent permanent magnets 29 being reversed is, so that there are alternating magnetic north and south poles at the rotor pole ends.

The stand 3 is constructed in the manner shown in Fig. 7, the die. Stator poles 5 forming legs of the sheet metal strip packages are bent at their outer ends, so that the pole ends are enlarged and adapted to the dimensions of the rotor poles 29 .

This configuration leads to a reduction in the magnetic flux density rule's at the pole ends of the stator 3 and the Läu fers 20 and thus to low forces, less noise development and the possibility to see a larger air gap before.

Such a configuration of the pole ends by bending the Polbleche is also in all other versions described tion examples possible, thereby the above To gain benefits.

The stator 3 of the fourth exemplary embodiment has six zones which are separated from one another by an enlarged pole spacing 30 . The rotor 20 comprises 25 pole pairs. Since the pole pitch within the stator zones corresponds to that of rotor 20 , the difference in the number of poles between stator 3 and rotor 20 results from the sum of the pole spacing widenings along the circumference of the stator.

In the embodiments described above act on the rotor poles and thus also on the bearings of the drive shaft 24 radial forces that lead to a reduction in the life of the bearings.

Through the modification of the fourth exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 9B, a significant reduction in the radial force components can be achieved.

The stator consists of a, the 9A Darge presented in Fig. Pedestal 3 corresponding inner stator part 3 and a concentric outer stator part 3 A with identical number of poles, the windings of the inner and outer stator part 3, 3A connected in series and the sizes the pole cross-sectional areas are the same.

The pole ends of corresponding poles of the same phase of the two stator parts 3 , 3 A are located opposite one another, so that the magnetic field lines emerge at one pole end of one stator part and extend through the permanent magnet 29 of the rotor 20 to the opposite pole end of the second stator part 3 A .

Since the magnetic reflux takes place via the outer stator part 3 A, the ferromagnetic yoke 28 is omitted.

The rotor 20 can also be constructed in the manner shown in FIG. 4 with tangentially magnetized permanent magnets.

Due to the serial connection of the windings, the currents in the windings of the two stator parts 3 , 3 A and thus also the magnetic fluxes in the corresponding ge opposite poles are the same, so that the radial force components acting on the rotor 20 cancel each other out.

The current flow direction in the meandering winding poles of the winding conductors is marked by means of arrow marks marked in the pole grooves of the stator parts 3 , 3 A shown in FIG. 9B.

Furthermore, Fig. 9A shows a change in the winding phase from R to S, which is arranged in both stand parts at the same point.

Such a two-part stator structure to reduce the radial force components is of course also possible in the other described embodiments of the stan 3 .

Fig. 10 shows a fifth game according to the invention Ausführungsbei as a linear motor.

The design of the linear motor shown corresponds to the second exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 4, rotor 20 and stator 3 being designed in a linear (“unwound”) form.

The band-shaped rotor 20 consists of alternately layered permanent magnets and laminated cores and can be moved back and forth linearly on its surface by generating a traveling field in the stator 3 by means of the phase connections R, S, T, the connections U, V, W being a common one Have reference potential.

In the present example, the rotor 20 moves further by one pair of rotor poles at the phase connections during a phase change of 360 °.

The speed thus results from the pole spacing of the rotor 20 and the frequency of the three-phase current flowing through the stator 3 .

The stator 3 consists of interlocking layered pole winding components which, according to the second exemplary embodiment, are constructed from sheet metal strip packs oriented transversely to the direction of movement of the rotor 20 as stator poles 5 and winding conductor sections 8 attached thereto, although here the cross-sectional dimensions of all winding conductor sections 8 are the same are, since the stand 3 is constructed near.

A partially disassembled section of the linear motor is shown enlarged in FIG. 11. The parts corresponding to the components shown in FIG. 6 have the same reference numerals.

The other, Ausführungsbei described above play can be carried out according to the fifth embodiment shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 as a linear motor, the necessary changes for the expert in an obvious manner.

Multi-phase and multi-pole, electrically commutatable machine with a stand and a runner. To simplify the Production and increase in power and torque is the Winding conductor in a meandering manner around the stator poles wound so that the pole spacing of adjacent stator poles Corresponds to the width of the winding conductor and thus ver wrestles. Due to the resulting high number of poles the stand can be easily stacked together of stand sheet metal strips and wick arranged between them Produce cable conductor sections, the stator poles first after inserting the winding conductor using a Inference-forming ferromagnetic cladding at one of them Pole ends are magnetically connected. The runner can do similar Licher way by layering rotor poles and arranged in between, tangentially magnetized perma Magnets are manufactured, which also its weight is considerably reducible. Due to the structure, an ef more effective material use and a much lower mas inertia of the moving parts achieved. The principle of construction is for asynchronous, synchronous machines, linear motors, step mo gates and reluctance motors applicable.

Claims (20)

1. Stand for a multi-phase and multi-pole, electrically commutatable machine, the phases being distributed zone by zone along the stator ( 3 ), characterized in that the winding conductor ( 8 ) of a phase within a zone is meandered around successive stator poles ( 5 ) , so that the groove width between two adjacent stator poles ( 5 ) speaks the width of the winding conductor ( 8 ) ent. 2. Stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the stator poles ( 5 ) are formed from sheet metal strips and at the one end ( 20 ) opposite end of which are connected to one another in a magnetically conductive manner via a ferromagnetic jacket ( 7 ). 3. Stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the sheet metal strips of the stator poles ( 5 ) are U-shaped and whose legs form the stator poles ( 5 ). 4. Stand according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the metal strips of the stator poles ( 5 ) are aligned transversely to the direction of movement of the rotor ( 20 ). 5. Stand according to claim 1, characterized in that the stand ( 3 ) has a star-shaped cross-section and is formed from star-shaped stamped sheets, wherein the rotor ( 20 ) opposite pole ends of the stand ( 3 ) connected via a ferromagnetic jacket ( 7 ) are. 6. Stand according to claim 4, characterized in that the winding conductor ( 8 ) is wound in several layers in an alternating direction around the stator poles ( 5 ) of a zone. 7. Stand according to claim 2, characterized in that the winding conductor has rod-shaped winding conductor sections ( 8 ) which are arranged parallel to the stator surface one above the other and electrically insulated from one another between the stator poles ( 5 ), so that the entire space between the stator poles ( 5 ) of the winding conductor sections ( 8 ) is filled, the ends ( 26 ) of the winding conductor sections ( 8 ) of a space corresponding to the winding profile with corresponding ends of the winding conductor sections ( 8 ) of adjacent spaces being connected to one another via electrically conductive connectors ( 15 , 17 ) are. 8. Stand according to claim 7, characterized in that in predetermined zones of the stand ( 3 ) shortened stator poles ( 11 ) are introduced, the ends of which are not connected to the ferromagnetic table ( 7 ) and between which sensors ( 12 ) are arranged. 9. Stand according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the stand ( 3 ) is composed of identical pole-winding components, which consist of stator poles ( 5 ) with at their faces Be offset staged winding conductor sections ( 8 ), the Winding conductor sections ( 8 ) of the side face opposite the gaps of the winding conductor sections of the other pole side are arranged. 10. Stand according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the stator pole gap widens outwards, the width of the winding conductor sections ( 8 ) accordingly changing the dimensions of the stator pole gap, the size of the cross-sectional area of the winding conductor sections ( 8 ) however remains the same. 11. Stand according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the sheet metal strips are bent up on the rotor side, thereby broadening the pole ends ( 29 ) of the stator poles ( 5 ). 12. rotor for a multi-phase and multi-pole, electrically commutatable machine, the phases being distributed in zones along a stator ( 3 ), characterized in that the rotor poles ( 9 ) consist of sheet metal strips and that between the rotor poles ( 9 ) tangentially magnetized permanent Magnets ( 1 ) are arranged, the magnetization of which is directed such that there are alternating magnetic north and south poles at the rotor pole ends. 13. Runner according to claim 12, characterized in that the sheet metal strips of the rotor poles ( 9 ) are aligned transversely to the direction of movement of the rotor ( 20 ). 14. Runner according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the rotor poles ( 9 ) and the intermediate permanent magnet ( 1 ) are arranged on a body ( 10 ) with low specific weight. 15. rotor for a multi-phase and multi-pole, electrically commutatable machine, the phases being distributed along a stander ( 3 ), characterized by an excitation winding ( FIG. 3), which is constructed in the same manner as the stator winding according to claim 1, wherein the winding conductors are connected in series. 16. Multi-phase and multi-pole, electrically commutatable Ma machine with a stand ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 4, 6 to 9 and 11 and a rotor ( 20 ) according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the stator and the rotor ( 20 ) are linear. 17. Multi-phase and multi-pole, electrically commutatable Ma machine with a stand ( 3 ) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized by a rotor ( 20 ), the poles of which are formed from perpendicular to the rotor surface magnetized permanent magnets ( 29 ), which at the other ends opposite the stator pole ends are connected to one another via a ferromagnetic yoke ( 28 ). 18. Multi-phase and multi-pole, electrically commutatable Ma machine with a stand according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the stand is formed from two stand parts ( 3 , 3 A) with an identical number of poles, the corresponding windings of which are connected in series and which are arranged in such a way that the corresponding pole ends of the two stator parts ( 3 , 3 A) lie opposite the same phases and that the rotor ( 20 ) is located between the two stator parts ( 3 , 3 A), the rotor poles being magnetized in the radial direction in this way are that there are alternating magnetic north and south poles at the rotor pole ends. 19. A method of manufacturing a stand for a multi-phase and multi-pole electrical machine, characterized by the steps:
star-shaped arrangement of stator poles,
Wrapping the stator poles with a winding conductor,
Fixing the resulting pole winding arrangement, and
Connecting the stator pole ends opposite to a rotor by means of a ferromagnetic jacket forming the stator yoke. 20. Method for producing a stand for a multi-phase and multi-pole electrical machine, characterized by the steps:
Manufacture of pole winding components, which are made up of stator poles and winding conductor sections wound around them,
Layering the pole winding components,
Fixing the resulting pole winding arrangement, and
Connecting the stator pole ends opposite to a rotor by means of a ferromagnetic jacket forming the stator yoke.