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DE185932C - Process for the preparation of aldehydes - Google Patents

Process for the preparation of aldehydes

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Publication number
DE185932C
DE185932C DE1905185932D DE185932DA DE185932C DE 185932 C DE185932 C DE 185932C DE 1905185932 D DE1905185932 D DE 1905185932D DE 185932D A DE185932D A DE 185932DA DE 185932 C DE185932 C DE 185932C
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
hydrogen
aldehydes
preparation
lead
glass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
DE1905185932D
Other languages
German (de)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Badische Anilin and Sodafabrik AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE, Badische Anilin and Sodafabrik AG filed Critical BASF SE
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of DE185932C publication Critical patent/DE185932C/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07CACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C45/00Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
    • C07C45/41Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by hydrogenolysis or reduction of carboxylic groups or functional derivatives thereof

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Description

ben &a\"on Ι'ανη Ib. ben & a \ "on Ι'α νη Ib.

ιοίviacHtat bet ιοίvi acHtat bet

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

Bekanntlich ist es bisher nicht möglich gewesen, Aldehyde der aliphatischen Reihe durch Reduktion der entsprechenden Carbonsäuren direkt darzustellen; man war vielmehr gezwungen, den Umweg über die Säurechloride oder die Anhydride der Fettsäuren einzuschlagen, nach welchen Verfahren indessen Formaldehyd naturgemäß überhaupt nicht erhalten werden kann.It is known that it has not been possible to date to use aldehydes of the aliphatic series to be prepared directly by reducing the corresponding carboxylic acids; one was rather forced to take the detour via the acid chlorides or the anhydrides of fatty acids, according to which processes, however Naturally, formaldehyde cannot be obtained at all.

ίο Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß z. B. die Ameisensäure sich direkt in Formaldehyd überführen läßt, wenn man sie in Dampf form im Gemisch mit Wasserstoff bei höheren Temperaturen über gewisse Metalle, wie Eisen, Nickel, Zink, Zinn, Blei, Silber und dergl., leitet. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, diese Metalle in kompakter Form zu verwenden.ίο It has now been shown that z. B. the Formic acid can be converted directly into formaldehyde if it is in vapor form in a mixture with hydrogen at higher temperatures over certain metals, such as Iron, nickel, zinc, tin, lead, silver and the like., Conducts. It is advantageous to do this To use metals in compact form.

Es' wurde weiterhin gefunden, daß an Stelle der genannten Metalle auch andere feste Körper wie Glas, z. B. in Form von Glaswolle oder Glasperlen, sowie Bimsstein, Kochsalz usw. benutzt werden können; in diesem Falle wird die Temperatur zweckmäßig noch höher gewählt.It 'was further found that in place of the metals mentioned also other solid bodies such as glass, e.g. B. in the form of glass wool or glass beads, as well as pumice stone, table salt, etc. can be used; in this Case the temperature is expediently chosen even higher.

Beispiel:Example:

Man mischt Wasserstoff (beliebigen Ursprungs) mit Dämpfen von Ameisensäure, was man in einfacher Weise dadurch bewirken kann, daß man den Wasserstoff durch erhitzte Ameisensäure leitet, und läßt sodann das Gemisch der beiden Gase durch ein Rohr gehen, welches mit linsengroßen Stückchen von Blei gefüllt und auf etwa 300 ° erhitzt ist. Der Formaldehyd wird aus den entweichenden Gasen in bekannter Weise isoliert.Mix hydrogen (of any origin) with formic acid vapors, which can be done in a simple manner by passing the hydrogen through heated formic acid and then leaving it the mixture of the two gases go through a tube, which is made with lentil-sized pieces filled with lead and heated to about 300 °. The formaldehyde is made from the escaping Gases isolated in a known manner.

^Zu ungefähr dem gleichen Resultat gelangt man, wenn man in vorstehendem Beispiel statt des Bleis Glasperlen benutzt und diese auf etwa 450 bis 500 ° erhitzt.^ Reached roughly the same result if one uses glass beads instead of lead in the above example and these heated to about 450 to 500 °.

In ähnlicher Weise wie Formaldehyd lassen sich unter Verwendung von Essigsäure usw. auch Acetaldehyd usw. gewinnen.In a similar way to formaldehyde, using acetic acid, etc. also gain acetaldehyde, etc.

Das vorliegende Verfahren ist prinzipiell verschieden von demjenigen des Patents 141029. Zwar werden auch nach jenem Patent Fettsäuren (bezw. deren Glyceride) mit Wasserstoff bei Gegenwart von Kontaktmitteln, von denen besonders Nickel erwähnt ist, behan-' delt. Zweck und Erfolg dieser Behandlung ist indessen die Anlagerung von Wasserstoff an die ungesättigte Gruppe— CH= CH—, die in die gesättigte — CH2 CH2 — übergeführt wird, während im übrigen das Molekül keine Veränderung erfährt. So entsteht aus Ölsäure bei genügend langer Einwirkung quantitativ Stearinsäure (vergl. Patentschrift S. i, Z. 50/51).The present process is fundamentally different from that of patent 141029. According to that patent, fatty acids (or their glycerides) are treated with hydrogen in the presence of contact agents, of which nickel is particularly mentioned. The purpose and success of this treatment, however, is the addition of hydrogen to the unsaturated group - CH = CH -, which is converted into the saturated group - CH 2 - CH 2 - while the rest of the molecule does not undergo any change. Thus, if the effect is long enough, oleic acid is quantitatively converted into stearic acid (see patent specification p. I, line 50/51).

Typisch verschieden von der Erfindung des Patents 141029 ist das gegenwärtige Ver-, fahren, nach welchem die Carboxylgruppe aliphatischer Carbonsäuren durch Wasserstoff katalylisch in die Aldehydgruppe übergeführt wird. Hierbei findet also durch die Wasserstoffkatalyse eine Wegnahme von Sauerstoff aus der Carboxylgruppe (unter Bildung von Wasser) statt, während bei den obigen Reaktionen lediglich Wasserstoff an Kohlen-Typically different from the invention of patent 141029 is the current drive, according to which the carboxyl group of aliphatic carboxylic acids by hydrogen is converted catally into the aldehyde group. This takes place through hydrogen catalysis a removal of oxygen from the carboxyl group (with formation of water) takes place during the above reactions only hydrogen to carbon

wasserstoffreste angelagert wird unter Herstellung der einfachen Bindung.hydrogen residues are deposited with the production of the simple bond.

Claims (1)

Patent-An SPRU ch:Patent application: Verfahren zur Darstellung von Aldehyden, darin bestehend, daß man gesättigte aliphatische Carbonsäuren im Gemisch mit Wasserstoff bei erhöhten Temperaturen über Metalle, wie Eisen, Nickel, Zink, Zinn, Blei, Silber usw., oder über andere feste Körper, wie Glas, Bimsstein, Kochsalz usw., leitet.Process for the preparation of aldehydes, consisting in that one is saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids mixed with hydrogen at elevated temperatures over metals such as iron, nickel, zinc, Tin, lead, silver, etc., or other solid objects such as glass, pumice stone, table salt etc., directs.
DE1905185932D 1905-12-14 1905-12-14 Process for the preparation of aldehydes Expired DE185932C (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE185932T 1905-12-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
DE185932C true DE185932C (en) 1907-06-07

Family

ID=42040421

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
DE1905185932D Expired DE185932C (en) 1905-12-14 1905-12-14 Process for the preparation of aldehydes

Country Status (1)

Country Link
DE (1) DE185932C (en)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0040414B1 (en) * 1980-05-19 1983-06-08 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Process for producing acetaldehyde
EP0178718A1 (en) * 1984-10-15 1986-04-23 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Process for the preparation of aldehydes
WO2018163003A1 (en) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Formaldehyde from formic acid with production of metal oxide

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0040414B1 (en) * 1980-05-19 1983-06-08 Kuraray Co., Ltd. Process for producing acetaldehyde
EP0178718A1 (en) * 1984-10-15 1986-04-23 Shell Internationale Researchmaatschappij B.V. Process for the preparation of aldehydes
WO2018163003A1 (en) * 2017-03-08 2018-09-13 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Formaldehyde from formic acid with production of metal oxide

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