DE1785683A1 - CONTINUOUS TRACK OF IN ESSENTIALLY PARALLEL ENDLESS TRAILS - Google Patents

Description

ΡΑΤΕΝΪΑΝν / ΑΜΓ 1

DR.-iNG. FROM KREISLEK DTi.-ING. SCHÖN W / \ LD I DR.-ING. TH. MEYER DR.FUES DlPL-CHEM. ALEK VON KREISLER DIPL.-CHEM. CAROLA KELLER DR.-ING. KLÖPSCH DIPL.-ING. SELTING

COLOGNE 1, DEICHMANNHAUS

Cologne, May 21st Ke / Bn.

Celanese Corporation,

1211 Avenue of the Americas, New York, N.Y. 10036 / üSA

Continuous web of substantially parallel continuous filaments

The invention relates to a continuous web of im essentially parallel continuous filaments whose crimps have been brought out of synch and the crimps of adjacent ones Overlap threads.

Continuous webs made from threads or fibers without weaving or knitting are called nonwoven fabrics and are used as filters in the manufacture of clothing and artificial leather as well as Cotton wool.

The previously common fiber fleeces had the major disadvantage that they tended to shed fibers and could be easily compressed after only a short period of use and lost its bulk and resilience.

The continuous web according to the invention is by contrast of substantially parallel continuous filaments, the iu generally all lie in the same direction and by smaller linkages due to the crimps in the filaments and by variations of the lengths. Threads from this direction are held together. This coherent

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B ^ hn of substantially parallel continuous filaments, the crimps of which have been brought out of sync and intersect the crimps of adjacent threads, has an average air space per thread which is at least ten times the average thread diameter of the web and a weight of less than 35 g / m ² .

The production of the web can be done in such a way that a strand of crimped continuous threads is opened, by passing the strand between a pair of rollers, at least one of which is profiled Has surface, so that the threads between the rollers are only captured in areas that are with others Alternate areas where the threads are not caught. The opened strand is then known per se Wise expanded by the action of forces which act in such a way that at least one resultant of the Force moves the individual threads away from each other. In this way, the original ripples become the Endless threads brought out of synch and overlap the crimps of adjacent threads. _

The spreading can take place, for example, in a device which consists of at least one and preferably from consists of several curved rails that extend transversely to the direction of movement of the opened strand and are arranged so that the strand can be pulled over this with a relatively low voltage can.

The spreading can also be carried out by means of an air spreader, in which flows of air or others Gases are directed over the entire width of the strand and escape through the inlet and outlet for the strand.

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In this way it is possible to produce extremely fineness webs, for example webs that are less than 240 threads, for example 40 threads per cm width, and in which the average air space per thread is much larger than the average Thread diameter of the web.

The average air space per thread is the average Space between the threads of the web measured on a line in the plane of the web leading to the general direction of the threads of the web is perpendicular. This space is calculated assuming that all Threads lie in a single plane so that no threads cross other threads. The calculation is carried out in this one Description according to the equation:

D average air space per thread =

In this means:

Dp is the average thread diameter w the width of the essentially uniform path η the number of threads on this width.

In the preferred embodiments of the invention, the average air space per thread at least ten times the average thread diameter the train.

In the contiguous tracks according to the invention All filaments run in the same general direction in the longitudinal direction of the web. If you look at however, not a long piece of any particular thread as a whole, but its individual crimps, like this one finds that the parts of the thread do not run in this general longitudinal direction, but in a zigzag back and forth across this general direction. the

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Crimps are of such an amplitude that, for any particular thread, part of the crimp on the one hand, which can be called the crest of the crimp, one or more adjacent ones Threads are covered while part of the crimp is on the other side, known as the valley of the crimp can be, one or more adjacent threads covered on this other side. This covering up contributes to giving the railways their cohesiveness. The threads of the web can for example have a ripple whose amplitude is separated from a central line running in the same direction as the The thread runs approximately in the range of 0.2 to 8.0 mm, this amplitude being from this middle line is measured to the top of a ridge or to the bottom of a valley of the ripple. Because per cm of width For example, there may be 100 or more threads in the web and the crimps do not match, there is a considerable overlapping of the threads in the web. \

If one now tests a somewhat larger, but still short part of any thread that has several crimps contains, it is found that these parts are not perfectly parallel to the longitudinal direction of the web, but with this enclose small angles that change their direction and size along the thread. In general these angles are smaller than 20 °, although for very short parts of, for example, 1 cm the angle is sometimes can be bigger.

The covering of the ripples and the described, Angularly arranged short parts contribute to the cohesiveness of the web, so 'that this despite its fineness can easily be handled as a unitary structure. The degree to which the individual threads

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follow the presence of ripples and angled ones arranged short parts overlap each other, but is not very large. The ratio of the currently running Pieces of the individual threads to the pieces of the same thread in the web is smaller than approximately 1.5: 1 and greater than 1.1: 1, for example 1.2: up to 1.4: 1. This ratio can be measured by cutting off a measured piece of the web, whereupon the individual threads of the cut piece are removed and their lengths measured while they are are subjected to just enough tension to remove the curl. The results will be then expressed as the ratio between the measured lengths of the individual threads and the one used Piece of train.

With regard to the indication of the number of deniers per thread and the Note that the total denier number assumed below for the strands is the denier of the Corresponds to threads before crimping. With regard to the yarns made from the webs, that stated is based. However, denier is based on actual, non-straight lengths.

Advantageously, the webs are spread out to such an extent that that when attempting a further expansion the path against such a length is kept constant Spreading offers strong resistance and returns to its previous width. For example, if a Plotted curve relating to the air pressure in the spreading ice ordinate to the degree of lateral spreading the moving path, it is found that essentially no additional pressure is required, to spread it up to a "certain width" effect, while then the required air pressure rises stell. The track weight at which this sudden

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Change occurs, is hereinafter referred to as the potential web weight. This potential web weight changes depending on the type of strand used and in particular depending on the degree of Intertwining and crossing of threads. In general, optimal lanes have potential lane weights of

2

less than 35 g / m and often less than 17 g / m on. Surprisingly, it has been found that webs of such weight can be handled easily and without Dissolve or divide during normal handling or folding to preserve their unity.

In general, it is most desirable to have orbits use whose actual weight is less than 4/3 times, preferably less than 6/5 times the potential web weight. The laminates made by laying one on top of the other Layers of these lightweight webs are made much more interrelated than the laminates that are made can be produced by similar laying of card webs from staple fibers.

The webs according to the invention can be connected to other sheet materials, for example with woven stiff linen or a knitted fabric such as tricot fabric, a card web made of staple fibers or with any other carrier material such as sponge rubber, leather, paper or plastic film. '

The contiguous webs are particularly suitable for joining to lightweight paper, for example by joining a single layer of such a web to a single layer of the paper by an appropriate adhesive, such as polyvinyl acetate. The resulting reinforcement is extremely effective "" ^Γ 5098-5 / 04-4

S8tn while the cost of the paper increased little the side of the connection carrying the web has a pleasantly soft feel. One train out Cellulose acetate filaments with a denier of 5 * die Weighs 3.5 g / m and has J52 threads per cm of width, can for example be glued onto a layer of tissue paper.

The continuous webs can be formed into laminates of any desired thickness by one layer of the web on top of another by loosely folding, linear laying or laying in the transverse direction is deposited or by wrapping the Bshn around itself on a round core or on an endless belt will. For example, following relaxation, the web can be brought onto a moving endless belt so that it runs around and on the belt for a corresponding number of revolutions The movement of the belt forms a multi-layer laminate. Without the movement To interrupt the web or tape, the deposited layers can be cut and removed from the tape can be deducted, whereupon a new process of storage and acceptance begins. The laminates can sewn or otherwise treated transversely to the planes of the individual webs to the threads in the If desired, laminates are more firmly bonded to one another associate. The laminates can also be used without sewing for example for filling cushions, scarves, cushions, upholstery, insulating cushions or sanitary towels be used.

The coherent webs are particularly suitable for the production of bulky yarns, as it is relatively

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It is moderately light, the railway in a series of narrow ones Divide ribbons, each of which is the desired one

Contains number of threads. If the threads are made of cellulose acetate or another thermoplastic material the subdivision can be done by a row of spaced apart hot wires, which are perpendicular or at a different angle to the plane of the web.

If webs made of threads with a high tensile strength of more than 2 g / den are present, for example threads made from terephthalic acid esters, are advantageous for cutting devices other than hot wires are used, such as a series of anvil rolls made from circulating cutting disks exist, which are arranged alternately on parallel axes and where the Sides of the panes are in close contact with each other,

The contiguous webs can easily be converted into porous fabrics of a stiff linen character without that yarns would have to be formed beforehand by providing the webs with a pattern in which Openings that are at a distance from one another, i.e. areas that do not contain any threads or in which the thread density is reduced is much lower than the average thread count of the web, and dense areas in which the thread count is generally considerably greater than that average thread count of the web, alternate. This pattern in the web can then be used in a suitable manner pinned or set to make it permanent. One method of creating the pattern is for example, that the web is guided under tension over a heated drum, the numerous, Spaced projections are more suitable Has shape. The tension of the web presses the threads

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into the spaces between the protrusions so that openings are formed in the web while the heat is applied the drum fixes the threads in their new arrangement at the same time.

The openings in the web can of course also be produced in other ways by for example, the web is passed through a zone in which a pattern row of spaced apart Blasting a corresponding medium, such as air or water, is directed at it.

The number and size of the openings in the lanes can be can be changed as desired. For example, approximately 2 to 20 openings per cm can be formed the diameter of the openings is 0.25 to 0.8 cm. · I

It is advantageous to offset the openings so that the threads, which usually run in the longitudinal direction of the web, are evenly distributed around these openings can. The deviation from the thread direction caused by the formation of the openings can essentially be the same for all threads.

Porous fabric made from the catfish described The webs according to the invention can be used, for example, for bandages, towels, filters, diapers, sanitary napkins and dusters can be used. ;

It is particularly advantageous according to the invention are _compiled: continuous webs of polyethylene terephthalate or cellulose acetate with the usual acetyl content of, for example: 5 I ² to 55% calculated as acetic acid *. Ee

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but can also be webs made of other polyesters, linear superpolyamides, acrylonitrile polymers and copolymers, olefinic polymers and copolymers, such as isotactic polypropylene, from other organic cellulose derivatives, such as esters and / or ethers of cellulose, for example cellulose propionate or cellulose acetate propionate, highly esterified cellulose with less than 0.29 free hydroxyl groups per anhydroglucose unit, such as cellulose triacetate, as well as from rayon, i.e. regenerated cellulose. The total titer of the starting strand is variable within wide limits and can be up to 1,000,000 den, while the single titer is Threads in the range from about 1 to 25, for example from 1 to 20, weighs. The threads can have about 100 to 3000 crimps per meter, but will be 100-2000, preferably 100-800 for most end products Ripples per meter are considered sufficient.

example 1

A strand of continuous polyester filaments with a total denier of 220,000 den and a single titer of 5 den is in a known manner by the action of a first pair of rollers rotating at a speed of about 19 * 5 m / min, and a second Pair of rollers rotating at a speed of about 27 m / min, to a belt of about 30 cm wide and then opened with a tension of about 230 g over a spreader with five curved rails to form a track about 100 cm wide,

• 2
which weighs about 28 g / m, spread out. This web is fed to a laying device, where it is formed into a multilayered structure laid in the transverse direction, which is made into a laminate for pillows.

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which has a weight of j566 g and is characterized by compressibility and regenerative properties similar to those more common Pillow laminates made from staple fibers are favorably comparable.

Example 2

Example 1 is repeated with the exception that the spread web is laid linearly. Cushion laminates, which are formed from approximately 2 to 3 m long layers of this material and each weigh 566 g, are the cushion layers made of staple fibers in terms of compressibility, regeneration and Significantly superior to durability. .

Example 5

A strand of polyester threads with a total denier of 225,000 den and an individual denier of 5 denier is used processed as in Example 1 to form a web about 70 cm wide and weighing about 35 g / m to form. 16 such strips are then layered one on top of the other as follows: 4 strips in one Directional threads, on these 8 webs, the threads of which run in the transverse direction to the threads of the lower lanes run and on these again 4 lanes whose threads are parallel to those of the lower lanes are. The formed unit is then made in a plurality of passages in the direction of the threads of the upper and lower tracks with 400 strokes per minute

sewn, ie with 1 to 2 stitches per cm and with a feed of 0.94 cm between successive strokes. The sewing device is set for the needles to penetrate the laminate to a depth of 1.6 to 1.9 cm on the opposite sides

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amounts to. The resulting laminate made of continuous filaments can be compared in a favorable manner with a sewn laminate made of staple fibers of appropriate dimensions with regard to fullness, thickness, resistance to abortion and air permeability. It was also found that the sewn laminate with continuous threads has 34 to 40 % greater tensile strength than the laminate made of staple fibers and requires 15 to 20 % more force to remove a tuft of fibers. It is also completely free from fiber migration and has excellent washability.

Example 4

A strand of matt acetate filaments with a total denier of 40,000 denier and an individual denier of 1.6 den is opened according to Example 1, the first pair of rollers moving at a speed of 45 m / min. and the second pair of rollers rotates at a speed of 66 m / min. The opened strand is then on a Spread out in width of 30 cm. The educated in this way The web has a basis weight of 18 g / m. Part of this path is driven at a speed of 45 m / min. passed through a chamber filled with triacetine mist. The web bound in this way has a basis weight from 18 g / m.

Example 5

Part of the web of Example 4 is bonded in the manner indicated there, but at a temperature of 107 ° C, whereby it is not subjected to any pressure other than the contact pressure of the calender rolls. the

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Bound web has a basis weight of 18 g / m 2 and can be used, for example, as an underlay material, model material, for industrial carrier fabrics, as wrapping for sanitary napkins, as seedbed material, filtration fabric and reinforcing material for plastic films.

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Claims (3)

1785603 Cologne, May 2, 1974 Ke / Bn. P 17 85 683.6-26 patent claims 1) Continuous web of substantially parallel continuous filaments, the crimps of which have been brought out of sync and the crimps of adjacent filaments intersect, the web having an average air space per thread which is at least ten times the average thread diameter of the web, and a weight of less than if g / m ² ; 2) web according to claim 1, characterized in that the dafl Total titers in the range up to about 1,000,000 den and the individual denier of the threads is in the range from 1 to about 25 and the threads about 100 to 3000 crimps per meter. 3) web according to claim 1 and 2, characterized in that it has a weight of about 5 to JrQ g / m. 509815/0444