DE1635525A1 - Cloth material made of multi-layer, non-woven fibers for the manufacture of disposable items - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a fabric material for manufacture, consisting of multi-layer, non-woven fibrous materials disposable items.

There are now numerous "disposable" items from luch material that should be thrown away after a single use, e.g. bed sheets, Pillowcases, stretcher towels, cutlery tablecloths, doctor's gowns, examination gowns, dust clothes, Dust cloths, mopping rags, .Towels and the like. However, so far it has been the case for the production of such objects proposed luchmaterials pointed out that in such cases, where possible, the material is correct or expedient to be thrown away, its production too expensive or its tear-off

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strength is too low. On the other hand, in cases where the tensile strength was sufficient, the appearance, the dimensional stability, the fabric-like feel and the softness. When the latter qualities are achieved, tear strength is lost or manufacturing costs are reduced very large or the material cannot easily be thrown away.

It is therefore the aim of the invention to provide a cheap fabric material that is easily disposable, can be usefully brought into shape, has sufficient tear strength and at the same time all requirements for the handle and the softness fills.

This aim is achieved according to the invention in that two outer layers of cellulose wadding and two inner layers of a light layer of substantially aligned Fibers, wherein the fiber directions in the fiber layers run at an angle to one another and wherein between each outer wadding layer and an adhesive layer applied in an interrupted pattern is arranged on the fiber layer adjoining it in such a way that that each of the adhesive layers partially the adjacent wadding layer penetrates and partially embeds the fibers in each associated fiber layer, and that another! Dell of the adhesive in each adhesive layer at regularly distributed points, where the pattern of the two adhesive layers overlaps, connects to the adhesive in the other adhesive layer.

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• The fibers can be staple length or continuous Be threads, and the fibers in one fiber layer can run in the machine direction while the fibers in the other fiber layer are arranged perpendicular to it. Alternatively, however, the fibers in both fiber layers can also be preferred at right angles to each other and at an angle (e.g. 45) to the machine direction, thereby forming the cloth material gets other final properties.

Further details of the invention are explained in more detail below in exemplary embodiments with reference to the drawing. Here represent:

Fig. 1 is the partially broken plan view

a first embodiment of the

inventive cloth material and

FIG. 2 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 1 of a second embodiment.

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The one in Pig. 1 cloth material shown is composed of four layers or store 11 to 14 together, each of which is made of a light, fluffy material and in itself is relatively weak. In fact, in the preferred embodiment, each of the individual layers is so light in texture and so thin in the way that any single layer, if it were to be used as a unit for itself, little Owns usefulness. The usefulness becomes only through the combination of the layers with each other in the following described Way achieved.

The layers 11 and 14 each contain layers of light, creped cellulose wadding, which are stretched and flattened by known measures until they are as soft as facial tissues. The layers 12 and 13 include webs of oriented fibers, in which the individual parsers are stretched substantially over their entire length and lying side by side so that there are approximately aligned, and from 80 to 95 f> of parsers are largely aligned in one direction. Alternatively, the paser layers 12 and 13 can contain continuous paser tow which, through distribution and alignment, forms a gauze-like fabric.

The areas 15 and 15a indicate the pattern of a flexible plastic that is used to hold the layers together. The way the glue holds the layers together

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is important for the flexibility and grip properties of the finished material.

The adhesive pattern 15 connects the layers 11 and 12 a component A. A small part of the adhesive 15 driixfc while in the cellulose wadding layer 11, while the larger Part of the adhesive remains on the surface. The individual lasers in the layer 12 are stored in the Adhesive 15 held in its strong orientation. The component A thus consists of the wadding layer 11, one on a surface of the batting printed adhesive 15 and a layer of taut and aligned lasers 12, which are embedded in the adhesive and held in their alignment by it.

The same applies to component B, which is formed from layers 13 and 14. It is true that the adhesive is 15a shown as superimposed on the laser layer 13, but in reality the layers 13 and 14 are connected in the same way, as previously described for layers 11 and 12. In other words, the adhesive 15 partially penetrates the ! Pool the cellulose wadding 14, and the individual lasers of the layer 13 are embedded in the adhesive in their strong train connection held.

Each of the components A and B thus has an analogous arrangement, i.e. an outer layer of cellulose wadding Intermediate layer made of adhesive and an inner layer made of in the

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Adhesive embedded and aligned fibers.- To combine Of these components to the end product, the fiber layers 12 and 13 are arranged face to face, with the aligned Fibers (layers 12 and 13) are advantageously arranged in the one component so that they are transverse to the aligned Fibers of the other component lie. After assembling the finished structure, the cross-layer arrangement is aaato de » eBeiä hot calendered to make the components permanent tie together.

The cross-layering of components A and B can be carried out by hand or by a suitable cross-layering apparatus such as shown and described in U.S. Patent 2,841,202.

As soon as components A and B are layered crosswise and calendered together at an elevated temperature, the adhesive 15 and 15a partially softens in the two components so that it moves in the direction of the adhesive in which the other component can run and connect to it, wherever the adhesive is in a component occupies a flat surface above or below a flat surface that is exposed to the adhesive is taken in the other component.

The finished structure therefore consists of outer layers 11 and 14 made of cellulose wadding, inner layers 12 and 13 made of

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tightly stretched and aligned fibers and two layers of adhesive 15 and 15a with a subdivided course, the lies primarily between the wadding layer and the fiber layer. Each of these adhesive layers partially penetrates its adjacent cellulose wadding, and the individual fibers of the adjacent fiber layer are embedded in the corresponding adhesive layer held. In addition, each layer of adhesive is integral with the other layer of adhesive Bandage bonded wherever the two layers of adhesive overlap.

The result is a uniform film of great strength, high flexibility and good grip. While the calendering process, in which the temperature under pressure is sufficient to make the adhesive flow, there is also a displacement of the adhesive towards the fibers of the other component in the area where there is no suitable adhesive in the other component. In such cases, the fibers will be opposite Component embedded to a certain extent in the adhesive of the other component, thus creating a connection of only slightly less strength than that of either the fiber-adhesive bond in the respective base component or the adhesive-adhesive connection between the components.

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.The in ^ 'ig. The embodiment shown in FIG. 2 is similar that of Pig. 1 with the exception of the arrangement of the Paserlage in relation to one another.

Like in Pig. 1, the material contains four layers 21, 22, 23 »24 made of light, thin material. Layers 21 and 24 "exist made of stretched and flattened light cellulose wadding, and the layers 22 and 23 "consist of layers of strong stretched and aligned individual lines. The areas 25 and 25a represent an applied in a subdivided pattern, flexible adhesive that connects the wadding and fiber layers in the same way as it was before Regarding that in the Pig. 1 has been described. This results in components 0 and D.

The main difference between the Pig. 1 and the embodiment of Pig. 2 is that the pasers in the paser layers of components A and B in Pig. 1 parallel ¹ -and at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the luch material, while the fibers in components G and D in Pig. 2 are also at right angles to each other, but at an angle of 45 ° to the length and width of the Eucharist.

That in Pig. 1 is therefore relatively difficult to machine when forces are either in longitudinal or in Be exercised in the transverse direction of the cloth, as the tightly stretched and aligned fibers in layers 12 and 13 in longitudinal

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and transverse direction are stretched substantially to their full length and allow only a slight further stretching. Against it can be the material in the embodiment of. 3? Ig. 2 be stretched considerably in both directions of the cloth, since the aligned fiber layers 22 and 23 are arranged so that the fibers in a layer perpendicular to the fibers in the other layer, with each of the layers at an angle of 45 ° to the length or width of the fabric are. This arrangement allows the fabric to expand lengthways as well as crossways, in one Kind that is similar to a spreader arm arrangement. Namely, in the construction of Fig. 2, the fibers in each stretch Position also not, but if longitudinal or transverse forces occur on the luch, the crossing points of the fibers act like Hinges. Thus it is by changing the angle at which the fiber layers in components A and B or 0 and D are oriented, possible to achieve any required degree of stretching in any direction within certain limits. In making the final product, components A, B, C, or D are usually made in sequential lengths and then layered transversely in the required manner. When manufacturing the components, this is done first on one of the surfaces of the cellulose wadding in a pattern Adhesive applied in such a way that the adhesive partially

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wisely penetrates the cotton, but with the greater part remains on the surface. Then the associated fiber layer formed by passing several comb strips of fibers arranged side by side through a tenter frame, which pulls out the individual fibers and aligns them in a parallel, aligned position in a flat layer in which the most of the fibers are essentially stretched and held taut to their full length. Still under tension upright, aligned fibers are then placed on the wadding layer carrying the adhesive and pressed onto it in this state and embedded in the adhesive by a heated calender roll.

In an alternative embodiment, a tow of continuous synthetic Threads are spread out into a gauze-like sheet of continuous aligned fibers. This fiber layer is then embedded in the adhesive under controlled tension in the same way as the tightly tensioned fiber layer and held by him.

Two of the components produced by the methods described above are finally made with their fiber sides Layered across each other face to face. This cross-layer arrangement is then in turn at such a temperature and hot calendered to such a pressure that the adhesive

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material occurs in every layer around the embedded fibers and the. other layers at subdivided distances, as described above, get connected" - .

Many different adhesives can be used However, special pie parts result when using plastisols, which - as is well known - colloidal dispersions of synthetic resin in a suitable plasticizer from organic esters. Among the known adhesives Of this type, adhesives made from vinyl chloride polymers and vinyl chloride copolymers have proven useful for the product according to the invention with other tinyl resins, which are plasticized by organic phthalates, sebacinates, adipates or phosphates, as special proved suitable. These combinations result in fast-curing plastisol adhesives that are characterized by relatively low Viscosity, low tendency to migrate and minimal evaporation distinguish. Such adhesives remain soft and flexible after curing and can be used by applying Heat and pressure can be reactivated, e.g. by hot calendering for the lamination process mentioned above thus ensure that the rolled end product retains the required softness and proper grip.

While plastisols are preferred, polyvinyl resins can also be used by themselves, plasticized or non-plasticized, such as polyvinyl acetate and copolymers. Other

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Alkyxacrylate and butadiene flexible adhesives that use acrylic resins / such as butadiene styrene and butadiene acrylonitrile can also be used.

In the in Pig. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the adhesive is in a subdivided, brick-like manner Pattern arranged. But there can be other suitable patterns for the adhesive, e.g. continuous loading, interrupted Circles, dots, Vs, herringbone patterns, etc. can also be used. The important consideration is in everyone Pail that, in order to maintain flexibility and grip, the adhesive should be applied to as small an area as possible must be limited, as it is just necessary for the required strength in the end product. For greater flexibility Interrupted applications are preferred to continuous threads in the end product. So are with doing materials Satisfactory flexibility achieved for various purposes if up to ζμ $ 25 of the total area of the components were covered. Before less flexibility is required, a larger part of the total area can be covered.

The creped cellulose wadding advantageously has a

Starting weight before creping between 1.8 and 5 »4 kg per

ρ
Ries of 267.5 m. The cellulose layer can have a crepe ratio between 1.1 and 2.2 before stretching and creping if it is removed from the dryer of the paper machine.

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is creped. The wadding advantageously contains wet strength plastics, although such subsequent treatment is not essential is. If wet strength is required, any known method of imparting "wet strength" may be used will. In the processes that are normally used, resins based on melamine-formaldehyde, urea-formaldehyde, Polyalkylenepolyamine or similar plastics of the pulp "added.

If a final product with great porosity is required, the creped batting can be shaped so that it forms an open or perforated sheet. For this purpose, in the forming area of the paper machine, a patterned or specially woven screen can be used. However, the sheet can also subsequently be pierced using a suitable lancing process be perforated.

It is preferable that the creped fabric be stretched and flattened after creping so as to be original reduce high crepe ratio to around 1.1 to 1.5 and thereby to form a soft layer, as is usually the case is used in the manufacture of facial tissues. This measure gives the end product a soft, fabric-like appearance Appearance and feel, but if the softness is not so essential, a larger crepe ratio can also be used to be used. In general, the cotton wool layer should have sufficient mass and good softness and absorbency

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Permeability and Strength "own.

The fibers used for the fiber layers should expediently have a liter of 0.5 to 3 »0.den, although fibers up to 5 that have already been used. Staple-length fibers are preferred because they usually come in a well had a useful length in the range of 12 mm to 76 mm or longer, with the majority of the fibers at least Is 25 mm long. Synthetic fibers made from rayon, including acetate and viscose, nylon, polyesters, acrylonitrile, polyolefins (esp. polyethylene and polypropylene) polyamides and similar materials have proven to be advantageous.

The fiber layers formed by such fibers should be as light as possible in relation to handleability. For the cloth material according to the invention, fiber layers with a weight range of 3-6 to 24 g / in are on the tenter frame has been successfully stretched and laminated at speeds from 6 m / min to well over 150 m / min.

With the strongly drawn fiber layers of the ÖJuch material preferably 80 to 95 # of the fibers should be substantially unidirectional. This high level of alignment is important for the strength of the product and must be different from the normally carded fabrics, in which essentially only about 50 to 70 j £ of the fibers aligned lengthways are to be distinguished. These latter tissues require

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with a much greater layer thickness in order to achieve adequate strength. Wherever the term "tightly stretched" or "strongly drawn" fiber layers in the description and claims is used, it is meant layers in which 80 ° to 95 ° of the lasers are stretched side by side over their full length and in If synthetic tow of continuous filaments is used, as in the alternative embodiment, the degree of alignment is of course significantly higher.

When cross-layering the individual wadding-adhesive-fiber components an unexpected increase in tensile strength in both directions is achieved to produce the end product. The increase in tear strength is significantly greater than if the tear strengths of the starting components were simply added could be expected. For example, the tear strengths of various samples made from materials that Components A, B, G, or D correspond to measured with the following result:

Sample no. Tear strength in g / cm

(one component in each machine direction, cross direction separately)

1 575 36

2 573 35

3 571 38

4,580 36

5 659 32

6 £ 71 22 " Average 582 35

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In these samples, the fiber layers were tightly stretched a weight of approximately 8.5 g / m and consisted of viscose rayon J fibers of 1.5 denier and an average length of 65 »5 mm. The cellulose wadding consisted of one Layer that had an initial weight of 11 g / m 2 before creping and was creped at a ratio of 2.2. The layer became a final crepe ratio of 1.2 stretched and flattened. The wadding was printed with a plastisol adhesive in a brick-like pattern so that

approximately 21 fo of the total area was covered by the adhesive. The adhesive used consisted of 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin dispersed in 60 parts of dioxtyl phthalate diluted with mineral spirit.

The components that are of the same batch as the tested Samples were then taken to the Pig. 1 shown shape crossed and the tear strength was then measured again. The following emerged Results:

Sample ur. (2 components tear strength in g / cm in cross form according to Pig. 1) Machine direction, transverse direction

1 930

2 976

3,913

4 1, 047

5 854

6 1,200

Average 987 989

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As would be expected, the tear strength in the transverse direction increased significantly as the structural arrangement in each direction of the Substance was now essentially the same. It can be seen, however, that while the average tear strengths of components "is 582 g / cm, the resulting average The tear strength in each direction increased to about 987 g / cm, which means an increase in the total tear strength by a factor of about 1.6. This growth is far larger than would normally be expected and appears synergistic in nature.

Disposable sheet materials of the type described above have been made with weights ranging from as little as 29.9 g / m ² up to 89.7 g / m ² . As an ideal case, of course, the material should be made as light as possible, but always in proportion to the resistance requirements that may be required for the end product.

It can be seen that numerous other combination elements are incorporated into the layered sheet material can be used to give the end product different physical properties. For example, the comb ribbons that the Stenter frames are fed, contain alternately light and heavy fibers. Furthermore, thermoplastic fibers can Comb ribbons can be added or used as the total fiber content of certain comb ribbons. Me fiber notches, that run in the transverse direction can also

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be lighter than the fiber layers running along the machine direction run and vice versa. Furthermore, the V / atte can be used on one side for the purpose of water resistance, fire resistance, Vermin repellent, among other things, be pretreated while the other layer remains untreated, etc.

The {fact that the properties of each element or components can be influenced and changed to a very large extent while the basic structure remains the same practically unlimited possibilities to adapt the end products specifically and optimally to all given end uses.

- patent claims-

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Claims (12)

Patent claims: 1. Search material consisting of multi-layer, non-woven fiber materials for the production of disposable objects, characterized by two outer layers of cellulose wadding and two inner layers of a light layer of essentially aligned fibers, the operations in the fiber layers in the Angled to each other and wherein between each outer ¥ attelage and the adjacent fiber layer a layer of adhesive applied in an interrupted pattern is arranged in such a way that each of the adhesive layers partially penetrates the adjacent wadding layer and partially embeds the fibers in each associated fiber layer, and that another ceil of the adhesive in each adhesive layer connects to the adhesive in the other adhesive layer at regularly distributed points at which the pattern of the two adhesive layers overlaps. 2. Cloth material according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive is a flexible thermoplastic plastic. 3. Cloth material according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive is a plastisol. - A2 - 109824/1369 4. Iu.c! Material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cellulose wadding has an initial weight of approximately 1.8 to 5> 4 kg per ream of 267.5 m ² before creping. 5. Cloth material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cellulose wadding contains wet-strength plastic. 6. Cloth material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers in the aligned fiber layers are fibers of staple length. 7. Euchmaterial according to claim 6, characterized in that the fibers are synthetic fibers of stack quantity with a denier of 0.5 to 3 den. 8. Cloth material according to one of claims 1 to 5 » characterized in that the aligned fiber layers contain continuous synthetic threads. 9. Cloth material according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fibers consist of rayon, polyesters, acrylonitrile, polyolefins or polyamides. - A3 -109824/1369 10. Cloth material according to one of the preceding .Ansprüche, characterized in that the lasers in one of the Paser layers are arranged parallel to the longitudinal direction of the material and the fibers in the other layer are arranged at right angles to the longitudinal direction of the material. 11. Cloth material according to one of claims 1 TdIs 9> characterized in that the Paser direction in one of the Paser layers is arranged perpendicular to the Paser direction in the other layer. 12. luch material according to claim 11, characterized in that that the Paserrichtung in both Paserlagen at an angle of is approximately 45 ° to the longitudinal direction of the material. KRE / bf 109824/1369 Blank page