DE1765502A1 - Heat-emitting object with an electrically heatable textile product - Google Patents

Description

Di.-Ing. Wilhelm Reichel 1 7 fi h ^ η

Frankiuri / Main-1

Parkstiaße 13

5563

GULTON INDUSTRIES, INC., Metuchen, New Jersey, U.S.A.

V / heat-emitting object with an electrically heatable one Textile product

The invention relates to a heat-radiating or heat-emitting object with an electrically heatable one Textile product into which heating filaments are incorporated.

It is known to heat homes with heat-emitting objects or products. The electric heating devices, currently used under or in carpets, window blinds, curtains, ceilings, upholstered furniture, etc. are a source of danger if for some reason not enough heat can be radiated and this creates extremely hot spots. Such a build-up of heat can occur, for example, with curtains that are clumped together, There are raised blinds and, in the case of carpets, furniture, toys, etc. that are on the floor or lie and cover the heated pools.

Another hazard is the high voltage that is normally applied to the heating devices. Use instead low voltages, for example 20 volts, then stronger wires and many connection points are required, to carry the correspondingly higher currents. The stronger conductors would, however, have rib-like elevations in the carpets and curtains. This would

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especially the appearance of those used in particular for decoration Products and goods impaired.

Furthermore, bsi prepares the cleaning as well as the repair and maintenance of the known heat-emitting products great difficulties. Special devices are required for operation, for example thermostats for temperature control.

According to the invention, these disadvantages are eliminated in that several thread-like resistance elements and an electrical Conductor arrangement, which is connected to the resistance elements, form part of the textile product.

The invention thus makes it possible to produce heat-emitting textile products For home furnishings, clothing, etc. to provide the homogeneous threads, strands or fibers of electrical Contain resistance material, which as a result of its non-linear positive temperature coefficient of resistance limits its maximum temperature itself.

Furthermore, according to the measures of the invention, it is possible that the conventional heat-emitting textile products to eliminate or largely reduce any dangers that arise.

Another advantage of the subject invention lies in the fact that the thread-like heating elements from the electrical resistance material and the terminal electrodes can be introduced by conventional weaving into a fabric.

According to the invention, the electrical resistance threads are preferably made of a resistance substance and a non-

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conductive carrier substance produced. The electrical resistance threads have a positive temperature coefficient, which is greater than the temperature coefficient of the resistance substance. The non-conductive support has a higher electrical resistivity and a larger one thermal expansion coefficient than the resistance material.

Further advantages and details of the invention are described with reference to figures.

Fig. 1 shows schematically a heat radiating fabric according to the invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross section taken along line 2-2 in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is a cross section taken along line 3-3 in FIG. 1.

Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of the in Pig. 1 shown Fabric from above.

Fig. 5 is the electrical diagram of another embodiment according to the invention.

Fig. 6 shows the electrical circuit diagram of a further embodiment according to the invention.

Fig. 7 shows the electrical circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment according to the invention.

The exothermic fabrics according to the invention can be used both for home furnishings, for example for carpets, curtains, drapes, upholstered furniture, ceilings,

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Wallpaper, blinds, etc., as well as items of clothing, for example Socks, stockings, gloves, suits, etc., can be used. The heat radiating or exothermic Textile products contain heating filaments made from an electrical resistance mass, which will be described later.

The term "fabric" is to be understood as meaning goods which at least partially contain threads or fibers, independently how they are structured and what type of thread or fiber it is. It can be a be any type of fabric produced that is not necessarily woven, knitted, knitted, braided, etc. got to. The word "thread" should be understood to mean both a single, infinitely long fiber and several fibers, which are united by stranding, twisting, twisting or otherwise.

The electrical resistance thread according to the invention is formed from an electrical resistance material which contains the following components:

1) one or more resistance substances and

2) a non-conductive carrier substance in which the resistance substance is uniformly distributed.

Furthermore, at least one of the following substances can be added to the electrical resistance mass:

a) an insulating material and

b) an oil with a low dielectric loss coefficient which, if at all, increases only slightly with increasing temperature.

The resistance substance can either have a negative or positive temperature coefficient. Any electrical

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conductive material which is air and moisture resistant and a temperature Ms resists to about 300 ⁰ O, is suitable for this purpose. With the use of a moisture-free resistance substance, difficulties such as the formation of bubbles and voids when processing the electrical resistance material into a filament are avoided. As electrical resistance substances, for example, carbon-containing materials, for example graphite, printing ink, carbon black and lamp black, also metal particles, for example powder of copper, iron, zinc, magnesium, etc., or particles of heating wire alloys, for example constantan and nickel, or alloys such as monel metal and phosphor bronze in question. The resistance substance can also be a mixture of two or more resistance substances, for example a mixture of graphite and printing ink.

The non-conductive carrier substance, in which the resistance substance is evenly distributed, can be selected from any select from the following plastic groups:

a) Polymers of substituted and unsubstituted alpha olefins, for example polyethylene, polypropylene, Polyisobutylene, polystyrene, etc.

b) Copolymers obtained by polymerizing two different alpha olefins, for example the Alpha olefins listed under a).

c) Halogenated polymers and copolymers, for example Polyvinyl chloride, copolymers of vinyl chloride with vinyl acetate, styrene, propylene, etc., polymeric halogenated hydrogens, for example polymers of Tetrafluoroethylene, etc.

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Resistance of the insulating material should preferably be greater

^r > 5

than 10 'Ohmζοntinet he be and preferably 10 times larger than the electrical specific resistance of the resistance substance. The choice of insulation materials is not critical if they meet the above conditions. The insulation material used can be either handle liquid, solid or sticky materials. Among the liquid insulating materials are the following electrical ones Particularly suitable for insulating oils:

a) Machine or lubricating oils (distillation products of itoh oil, tar or lignite products used in engines and machines). These oils preferably have a flash point of at least 200 ⁰ C. It can, for example, to "mobile Vactra Oil No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4". These oils have a viscosity (centistokes) 37-99 at 50 ⁰ C.

b) transformer oils (a chemically neutral mineral oil that usually as insulation filling for electrical ones Transformers is used), for example "Univolt" oil.

c) silicone oils (linear polymeric methylsilicones), for example methylpolysiloxane. The used silicone oil preferably has a viscosity at 100 ⁰ F 100 to 20,000 centistokes.

d) paraffin oils (a fraction of petroleum).

Soft paste-like materials, for example natural or artificial, are also suitable as insulating materials Waxes and lubricants. For example, bending wax, Carnauba wax, "castor wax", etc. can be used. Petroleum waxes are also suitable, for example paraffin

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d) polyesters, preferably unsaturated polyesters. These polyesters are plastics made by polymerizing Esters are obtained in the presence of a peroxide as a hardening agent. These esters are obtained by reaction an unsaturated dicarboxylic acid with a divalent one Alcohol. Usable polyesters are, for example, “Pallatal P5” and “Pallatal P6”.

e) Polyamides, for example yersamide (a condensation product of dimerized and trimerized unsaturated Fatty acids, especially linoleic acid with polyamides).

f) Other materials, for example polyacrylonitrile, polymeric vinyl amines and phenolic waxes.

Polyolefins are preferred for the non-conductive plastic carrier. However, any one is non-conductive Suitable carrier that, firstly, has its highest or a considerably high coefficient of dielectric loss in that temperature range in which maximum heat generation is desired (i.e. up to the selected maximum operating temperature), and its dielectric loss coefficient above the selected operating temperature substantially remains constant or decreases and the second has a softening point that is significantly higher than the maximum Operating temperature of the heating element.

The insulating material, which is in addition to the resistance material and the carrier material of the electrical resistance mass should have a property that its electrical resistivity and coefficient of thermal expansion are higher than the electrical specific resistance and the thermal expansion coefficient the resistance substance. The electrical specific

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fin carbon and microcrystalline waxes. The usable Lubricants comprise homogeneous mixtures of an engine lubricating oils with a metal soap that you can use, for example obtained from the reaction of a metal hydroxide with a fatty acid. Such a metal soap is, for example 12-hydroxystearic acid.

The insulating material can also be a solid substance that is below the operating temperature of the electrical resistance material is easily meltable. Such a material is for example acetyl cellulose. It is also possible as a solid insulating material, for example glass powder, finely crushed bentonite, flint, etc., to use.

The electrical resistance mass can additionally contain an oil which has a low viscosity and a particularly low dielectric loss factor (low dielectric constant and low loss factor) which, if at all, increases only slightly with increasing temperature. Oils having satisfy these requirements at 50 Hz and 60 ⁰ C, a dielectric constant below 2.3, at 60 ⁰ C an electrical dissipation factor less than 0.001, a maximum viscosity (centistokes) of about 5 500 at 20 ⁰ C and 500 of 65 assembled at 50 ⁰ C, and mainly to 69% paraffin fractions, about 22 to 28 i> Naphtinfraktionen and about 5 to 12 aromatic $ fractions.

The ratio range, which indicates the composition of the electrical resistance mass from the above -mentioned materials , is relatively large. The proportion of the resistance substance, either alone or in combination with the oil, which has a low dielectric loss difference , is

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in the electrical resistance mass between about 60 and 110 percent by weight of the non-conductive carrier material. If the oil with the low dielectric loss coefficient is present, which is not absolutely necessary, then it can its proportion between about 0.5 "to 20 percent by weight of the resistance substance, and preferably between 5 and 10 percent by weight of the resistance substance. If the electrical resistance mass is a liquid or pasty (at room temperature) should contain insulating material, then the proportion of such a material is about between 7 and -25 percent by weight of the resistance substance. Palis the insulating material is solid, so if it is, for example If glass powder is concerned, then its proportion is between 50 and 100 percent by weight of the resistance substance. The reason why a larger amount is added when a solid insulating material is used than when it is used a liquid or paste-like insulating material, it can be seen that the solid insulating material does not have such a large coefficient of thermal expansion as that liquid or pasty material. The lower coefficient of thermal expansion is compensated by using a larger amount of the solid insulating material.

The various electrical resistance bases described above, which are injected into threads, can be produced in various ways. If the electrical resistance lot only has a resistance substance, which is preferably in finely ground form, for example as grain powder, then this resistance subatana is first mechanically mixed with the non-conductive plastic carrier material, for example polypropylene, and can be in powder or tablet form. The granular powder particles of the resistor substance have advantages in 10S831 / 0759

- ίο -

have a size of about 0.01 mm. The particle size can, however, be between 0.002 and 0.1 mm. The size of the non-conductive Carrier particles can cover an even larger area. The premix with the resistance substance and the non-conductive plastic carrier is heated, until you get a homogeneous mass that can no longer be separated from each other. For this purpose one can Use a dispersing kneader, heated mixing rollers, or the like. If mixing rollers for even distribution of the Materials are used, then the temperature of the rollers will be according to the type of non-conductive substrate set. The resulting homogeneous mixture of the resistance substance and the non-conductive plastic are made into tablets or granules and then injected into a pad.

If an electrical resistance compound is desired in which an oil with a low dielectric loss coefficient is to be contained, then the resistance substance and the oil can be ^{mixed at a temperature between 60 °} C. and 70 ^° C. in a high-speed mixer for 10 to 20 minutes. This mixing achieves the greatest possible dispersion of the oil with the resistance substance. This mixture is then mixed with the non-conductive carrier material in the manner already described and finally sprayed out as a thread.

If an insulating material is to be present in the electrical resistance mass, the best way to proceed is as follows: The resistance substance is mixed in finely comminuted form with a particle size that is preferably in the range described above with the selected insulating material, for example lubricating oil. It is used to achieve a homogeneous distribution

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complete mixing of the resistance substance with the insulating material is desired. The individual grains of the resistance substance are then largely surrounded by the particles of the insulating material. If the insulation material has a Is liquid, the mixing process creates a dough-like substance, with the individual particles of the resistance substance are surrounded by insulating material. Palls the resistance substance is porous carbon, for example Carbon black or printing ink, then the liquid insulating material penetrates into the pores of the carbon particles. Surrounding or enclosing the individual particles of the resistance substance by the insulating material is not completely, otherwise no current would flow either. When mixing the resistance substance with the insulating material there is still partial contact between the individual resistance particles of the resistance substance guaranteed throughout the mix. This partial contact or this partial contact is sufficient that current is still through the individual particles can flow.

The mixture of the resistance substance with the insulating material can be done in a Henschal mixer, the time that required to achieve a homogeneous mixture depends on the amount and type of materials to be mixed. The mixing temperature is selected depending on the insulation material used.

The homogeneous mixture of the resistance substance and the insulating material is then in the non-conductive carrier material, for example dispersed polypropylene. This carrier is primarily used for mechanical strength and supporting the manufactured electrical resistance material. The mixing of the resistance substance

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and the insulating material "existing mixture with the non-conductive Carrier material is made in a known manner and depends on the type of carrier and the homogeneous one Mix off. The non-conductive carrier can, for example, with the homogeneous mixture (resistance substance and insulating material) in a Banbury mixer or the like at a temperature those above the melting temperature of the plastic carrier is to be mixed up. The resulting mass can either be ejected directly as a thread or in a ' Transfer tablet or granulate form and inject later.

Mixing the non-conductive plastic carrier with the homogeneous mixture of the resistance substance and the insulating material can also be made in that the Plastic is dissolved in a solvent, which only the plastic and not - or only to a small extent the homogeneous mixture dissolves. Suitable solvents for this are: xylene, toluene, gasoline, cyclohexane, heptane, dioxane, Chloroform, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, tetrahydrofuran and similar solvents. The dissolved plastic is added to the homogeneous mixture and in a rapidly oscillating Ball mill or vibrating mill or the like. Homogenized.

A conventional Einfadensprit zmas machine can be used to eject the threads. The injection mold can be a straight tubular structure. The injection mold opening can be formed by a plurality of small round holes which are directed generally downwards. Behind the injection mold ] the threads run through a water cooling bath and are then wound up. The diameter of the threads is between 0.15 and 1.5 mm.

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If desired, the individual threads can be known to have a diameter of about 0.025 mm Procedure to be drawn. The single threads can be twisted together to form a multiple thread, which is inserted into the heat radiating fabric can be incorporated.

The electrical resistance mass exhibits after being in shape is sprayed out of threads and worked into the fabric, has very good operating properties and has about 20 watts of heat output over an area of around 30 χ 30 cm.

Some exemplary embodiments of electrical resistance masses according to the invention are listed below.

example 1

A mixture of 100 parts by weight of resistive substance consisting of 70 parts by weight of 10 micron graphite flakes (available from Dixon Company) and 30 parts by weight of carbon black or printing ink (available from Columbia Carbon Co. under the trademark "Statics B") is mixed with 10 parts by weight of a lubricating oil "No Vactra, 2" (available from Mobil Oil co.) at 60 ⁰ C for 15 minutes in a mixed Henschal-Miseher. The resulting powder is mixed in a Banbury mixer for 20 minutes at a temperature of 380 ⁰ F with polypropylene ( "EL Rex 11S15"). 65 percent by weight of polypropylene and 35 percent by weight of the mixture of the resistance substance and the lubricating oil are used. Tablets or granules are made from the resulting homogeneous mixture. These are then injected mm at a temperature of 360 ⁰ P in parsers are having a diameter of 0.1.

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The filament produced in this way has a resistance of about 45,000 ohms per 2.5 cm at room temperature.

Example 2

In this example, similar process steps and the same materials are used as in Example 1. However, 50 percent by weight of the mixture of the resistance substance and the lubricating oil are mixed with 50 percent by weight of polypropylene. The resulting thread has a resistance of about 20,000 ohms per 2.5 cm.

A heat loss of about 5 watts over an area of 30 χ 30 cm is desirable for a fabric according to the invention. With a supply voltage of 120 volts and with threads 60 cm long, the pad density would have to be about 65 fibers per 2.5 cm if the 45,000 ohm threads according to Example 1 are used. With a supply voltage of 24 volts and a thread length of 30 cm, the thread density would be about 173 fibers per 2.5 cm if the 20,000 ohm threads according to Example 2 are used. With a thread length of 15 cm, about 43 threads per 2.5 cm are required if the threads according to Example 2 are used.

The number of threads on a unit length of 2.5 cm can be selected according to the desired heat output . With shorter thread lengths , a smaller number of threads per 2.5 cm is required in order to obtain the desired heat output .

The following examples indicate further electrical resistance masses that can be injected into heating filaments by the method in the above examples. The numbers given on the right-hand side of the following examples are the number of parts by weight.

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Example 3

Graphite (as in Example 2) 100.00

Oil with a low loss rate

(Fuchs Cable Oil KO65 without added resin;

this oil has a viscosity of 500 centi-

8tokes at 50 ⁰ C; a molecular weight of 670;

a dielectric constant of 2.26

60 ⁰ C and a dielectric loss factor

from 0.001 to 60 ⁰ C) 10.00

Polypropylene (Hostalen PPH - Manufacturer:

Farbwerke Höchst) 100.00

Example 4

Mixture of graphite and printing ink

or carbon black (70:30, as in Example 1) 100.00

Polypropylene (as in Example 3) 100.00

Example 5

Graphite (as in Example 1) 85.00

Oil (as in Example 3) 5.00

Polyethylene ("Lupolen" 1812 E - Manufacturer:

BASF) 100.00 "

Example 6

Graphite (as in Example 1) 90.00

Lubricating oil (as in Example 1) 10.00

Polystyrene ("475 KH" - manufacturer BASF) 120.00

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Example 7

Graphite (as in Example 1) 65.00

Laropen soot ("Corax L" - manufacturer: Degussa) 35.00

Lubricating oil (as in Example 3) 10.00

Polyester ("Palatal P5" - manufacturer: BASF) 130.00

Example 8

Graphite (as in example 1). 80.00

Iron powder 20.00

Beeswax 15.00

Polyamide ("Versamid" - manufacturer: Schering AS) 150.00

Example 9

Graphite (as in Example 1) 75.00

Lamp black (as in Example 7) 15.00

Beeswax (as in Example 8) 10.00

Polystyrene (as in Example 6) 200.00

Example 10

Graphite (as in Example 1) 33.00

Iron powder (as in Example 8) 9.00

Methyl silicone oil (M1000 - Manufacture

Wacker Chemie) 5.00

Polyamide (as in Example 8) 57.00

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Example 11

Graphite (as in Example 1) 100.00

Methyl silicone oil (as in Example 10) 20.00

Polyvinyl chloride ("Vinnol P 100" - Manufacturer:

Wacker Chemie) 120.00

Example 12

Graphite (as in Example 1) 100.00

Lamp black (as in Example 8) 10.00

Acetyl cellulose ("Cellon" - Manufacturer:

Dynamit Nobel AG) 10.00

Polyisobutylene ("Oppanol B" - manufacturer: BASi ¹ ) 150.00

The heat radiating products according to the invention contain preferably at least partially natural or synthetic fibers, the selection of which depends on the intended use of the manufactured Tissue depends. The following fibers can be used to produce the fabric: nylon, for example Polycaprolactam, polyhexamethylene adipamide, polyhexaethylene sebacamide, as well as other polyamides? Polyester, for example polyethylene terephthalate; Cellulose, for example cotton, Viscose fiber, cellulose acetate, alginate, cuproxamrayon, etc .; Acrylate, for example copolymers of acrylonitrile with vinyl acetate or acrylic acid esters; Polyolefins, for example Polypropylene, polyethylene, etc .; Protein such as wool, casein, zein, etc .; Vinyl, for example Polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, fluorocarbon, for example polytetrafluoroethylene; Polyurethane, for example "Lycra" etc.

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In the following it will now be described with reference to the figures how the heating filaments are incorporated into the fabric or textile products will.

Pig. 1 shows in perspective a carpet 10 with a velvet fabric or pile fabric 11 and with a base 12 on which the velvet fabric 11 is glued on.

The pile fabric 11 contains several warp threads 13 and several weft threads 14, which by means of a conventional loom are woven as it is in the Pig. 2 and 3 is shown. The pile or pile 24 of the pile fabric 11 can be configured as desired but contains, as shown, a plurality of fiber threads 25 which are somehow held in place by the warp thread, for example by friction between the adjacent warp and weft threads or by knotting.

Several thread-like electrical resistance elements 15, their composition and preparation in the above examples can be used in the pile fabric either as a weft thread or as a warp thread, but only in one direction be woven in. In the embodiment shown in FIG the electrical resistance threads are introduced into the fabric as weft threads. The number of electrical Resistance threads per 2.5 cm of the fabric can be selected in the manner described above, whichever is desired Maintain thermal output. The thread-like electrical resistance elements are by means of connecting lines 17 and 18 and electrodes 19 and 20 are connected to an electrical voltage source 16. The electrodes 19 and 20 can a fine copper wire or the like. and in the fabric either as warp or weft, depending on the direction the already incorporated electrical resistance threads are woven in.

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In Fig. 4 is the general arrangement of the resistance filaments as well as the conductors 19 and 20 are shown, for better illustration the carpet weft and carpet warp threads are omitted are. The resistance threads 15 run horizontally in this figure and are preferably, but not necessarily, equidistant from one another. Ladders 19 and 20 run in a vertical direction and serve as current distribution electrodes for the V / i d erestand threads 15. To this Purpose are the one ends of the resistance threads 15 to the one electrode 19 and the other ends are connected to the other electrode 20 and are therefore fed in parallel. The diameter, the specific resistance and the number of resistance threads per unit length are dependent chosen from the supply voltage used so that the desired Heat output per unit area is achieved.

The conductors 19 and 20 can also be sewn in instead of woven in will. The conductors 19 and 20 also know to be thin sheet metal strips that are attached to the edges of the fabric and to which Resistance threads 15 are connected. Instead, a conductive strip can be painted on the edges of the fabric or be deposited in such a way that it produces a conductive connection with the resistance threads 15. Further possibilities are also conceivable as to how the heating filaments 15 can be connected to the voltage source 16.

It is possible that in some fabrics the distance between the two conductors 19 and 20, if they are attached to the edges of the fabric, is greater than desired. To remedy the difficulties that arise, the arrangement shown in FIG. 5 can be used. In this exemplary embodiment according to the invention, horizontal live conductors 21 and 22 run away from the vertical main conductors 20 and 20. However, the secondary conductors 21 and 22 do not extend to the opposite one

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Main conductors 19 and 20 or cross over in isolation apes opposite main conductors, as is the case! Lind 119 of the embodiment shown IETT The resistance yarns in this case run in the vertical direction and stehifl dit the secondary conductors 21 and 22 in contact * & VTE can i this cross. The distance between adjacent lines 21 and 22 therefore determines the effective length of the resistance threads 15 connected to the voltage source 16. In this way, any desired effective resistance thread can be selected regardless of the width of the line.

Another embodiment is inclined in FIG several conductors extend in the vertical direction »every other conductor, for example 19 and 19» bind to each other connected and lead to a connection line 17 or else to the other line 18. With this version you can Öförffi the effective length of the horizontally running resistance threads 15 through the distance between the adjacent conductors choose. Depending on the circumstances, it is possible to use any number of ladders aöfflit any To keep the distance between the ladders »

If the distance between the conductors is large, for example more than 30 cm, conductors 23 with variable potential are preferably woven into the fabric, but not connected to the power supply lines 19 and 22 * The conductors 23 can be at any distance from one another and either parallel or perpendicular to the conductors 16 and 20 are woven into the fabric. They should preferably form a right angle to the resistance threads. FIG. 7 shows such an arrangement on which the circuit diagram shown in FIG. 4 is based. In contrast, however, there are floating conductors 23 which are shown in FIG

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equidistant from each other parallel to the ladders 19 and 20 run. The floating conductors 23 are not directly connected to the feed conductors 19 and 20, but via resistance threads 15 to the voltage source 16 connected.

The use of the variable-potential conductors 23 is due to the special property of the resistance threads 15, namely to increase their resistance at higher temperatures. This allows all of the electricity to go into the filaments are reduced and thus also the heat output in those areas where no heat build-up occurs. The potential changeable Conductors 23 are therefore used to distribute the current evenly to those areas in which there is no accumulation of heat.

The current-variable conductors can be formed in any of the resistance threads and normal connecting conductors Arrangements are used but should never be connected to the power supply conductors.

Further embodiments of heat radiating product Ben according to the invention are possible. The conductors could for example, sewn into the pile fabric or glued to it. The resistance threads could also be attached to the pile fabric in a different manner, for example by sewing or gluing. The demands on the conductors are not particularly high, they should but be flexible to the same extent as the heat radiating one Product itself.

The electrical connection between two crossing conductors can be made by spot welding or soldering will. In many cases, however, the

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touch between the two conductors because their contact resistance is relatively low in relation to the resistance of the resistance threads.

Since both the thread-like resistance elements and the Electrical conductors can be woven into the fabric by conventional methods, it is possible to use heat-radiating To make curtains and drapes or other objects without losing their decorative appearance. This is due to the fact that both the filaments and the current conductors are integrated in the tissue. The electric Resistance threads can also be incorporated into nonwoven products are, for example, in knitted or crocheted goods such as stockings, gloves and other items of clothing.

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Claims (1)

176550 Pat sprinkled I * Heat-emitting object with an electrically heatable one Textile product * characterized by that several thread-like resistance elements (15) uM an electrical conductor arrangement (19, 20; 19, 19a, 20, 2Ö &), which is connected to the resistance elements, one i of the textile product. 2i article according to claim 1, characterized in that the electric conductor arrangement comprises at least Awei away from each other arranged conductors comprises i at least with a part of the resistance filaments in electrical contact (FIG. 1 to 7) are provided. 3 »Object according to claim 2, characterized in that the conductors are essentially perpendicular extend to the resistance threads (lig. 1 to 7). 4. Object according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the resistance threads only run in one direction. 5 * object according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the conductor arrangement two separate connecting conductors (17, 18) which are connected to a power source, and several intermediate conductors (i9a, 20a), which are arranged between the connecting conductors have that at least some of the intermediate conductors are connected to one of the connecting conductors and that the Zwieohenleiter cross the resistance threads and at the crossover parts Bit are electrically connected to them (Ed. 5,6). 109831/0769 6. Article according to claim 5, characterized. marked that every second intermediate conductor (21 or 22) is connected to the same connecting conductor (Fig. 5,6). 7. The object of claim 5 or 6, characterized in that the connecting conductors and the intermediate conductors are woven into the textile product and that the textile product is a woven fabric. 8. The article according to claim 7, characterized in that the resistance threads and the Heads are woven into the fabric at substantially perpendicular angles to one another. 9. Object according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the conductor arrangement two separate connecting conductors (17 »18) which are connected to a power source to which the Resistance threads are connected, and several intermediate conductors (23) which are arranged between the connecting conductors are and run in the same direction that the intermediate conductors cross the resistance threads and to the Crossover points are in electrical contact with them and that the intermediate conductors are not normally direct are connected to the connecting conductors (Pig. 7) « 109831/0759 10. The article according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the conductor arrangement two separate connecting conductors, which are connected to an electrical power source, and several Has intermediate conductors which run at an angle with respect to the connecting conductors and the resistance threads, and that every second intermediate conductor (21 or 22) is connected to the associated connecting conductor (Pig. 5). 11. The object of claim 9 or 10, characterized ge markzeich.net that the resistance threads only extend in one direction and that the intermediate conductors and the resistance threads are woven into the fabric. 12. The object of claim 11, characterized in that the connecting conductors are also in the Textile product are woven. 13 object according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the resistance threads have a resistance substance and a non-conductive one Contain plastic carrier, its electrical specific resistance and its coefficient of thermal expansion are greater than with the resistance substance that the resistance substance is evenly distributed in the resistance thread is that the resistance filament has a positive temperature coefficient of resistance having, and that the current-carrying Resistance threads determine the resistance in their individual sections depending on the output in the individual sections Increase or decrease the heat output automatically. 109831/0759 - 26 - 14. Subject after. Claim 13, characterized in that that the resistance threads at least an oil with a low viscosity that has a low dielectric constant and has a low loss factor and its amount in the resistance filaments between G, S to 20 percent by weight of the resistance substance, and / or at least one insulating material with an electric resistivity greater than 10 ohm centimeters, which has a greater coefficient of thermal expansion than that Has resistance substance and its amount in the resistance threads between 7 and 25 percent by weight of the resistance substance is included. 15. The article of claim 13 or 14, characterized in that the dielectric .Verlustziffer of the non-conductive support is essentially constant above the maximum operating temperature of the resistance filaments remains or decreases. 16. The article according to claim 15, characterized in that the non-conductive carrier consists of Polypropylene is formed. 17. Object according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that a substance from the following group is selected as the insulating material: Lubricating oils, transformer oils, silicone oils and paraffin oils. 18. Object according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile product the exothermic product is a fabric, 19. Object according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the textile product is a carpet. 109831/0759 _BAD original dl Blank page