DE1760662A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung von nichtgewebten Stoffen und Vorrichtung dafuer - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung von nichtgewebten Stoffen und Vorrichtung dafuerInfo
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- DE1760662A1 DE1760662A1 DE19681760662 DE1760662A DE1760662A1 DE 1760662 A1 DE1760662 A1 DE 1760662A1 DE 19681760662 DE19681760662 DE 19681760662 DE 1760662 A DE1760662 A DE 1760662A DE 1760662 A1 DE1760662 A1 DE 1760662A1
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- activating gas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J1/00—Details of electrodes, of magnetic control means, of screens, or of the mounting or spacing thereof, common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J1/02—Main electrodes
- H01J1/13—Solid thermionic cathodes
- H01J1/20—Cathodes heated indirectly by an electric current; Cathodes heated by electron or ion bombardment
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
- D01D10/04—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment
- D01D10/0436—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement
- D01D10/0472—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment while in continuous movement the filaments being supported on endless bands
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
Description
DR. E. WIEGAND DIPL-ING. W. NIEMANN 1760662
DR. M. KÖHLER DIPL-ING. C GERNHARDT
MDNCHEN HAMBURG
telefon= 55 54 7« 8000 MÖNCHEN 15,17O Juni 1968
TELEGRAMME: KARPATENT NUSSBAUMSTRASSE
W, 13 736/68 13/Ko
Monsanto Company Sto Louis, Missouri (T.St.A.)
Verfahren zur Herstellung von nicht-gewebten Stoffen und Torrichtung dafür
Die -Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur
Herstellung von selbstgebundenen, nicht-gewebten Stoffen
aus Polyamiden in einem kontinuierlichen Arbeitsgang
unter Anwendung eines aktivierenden, gasförmigen Mediums, beispielsweise von Chlorwasserstoffgas, zur Förderung der
Bindung, sowie auf eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens bis zur Vervollständigung.
Die Herstellung von nicht-gewebten Stoffen in einem kontinuierlichen Arbeitsgang aus einer Schmelze ist bekormt.
Jedoch war die Bindung der bekannten nichtgewebten Stoffe durch die Zugabe von äußeren Bindemitteln oder
durch Erweichen der ■ J?aü er mittels Hitze, Lösungsmittel
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oder Weichmacher erreicht worden,, Äußere Bindemittel
können in Form von Pulvern, Lösungen, Emulsionen oder selbst in Form von Fasern angewendet werden» Diese Arbeitsweisen
sind jedoch mit verschiedenen Nachteilen verbunden» Die Verwendung eines äußeren Bindemittels
stellt Probleme bezüglich eines gleichförmigen Aufbringens dar und kann die Eigenschaften der gesamten Stoffbahn
auf diejenigen des Bindemittels beschränken» Wenn beispielsweise ein Fasermaterial mit einem verhältnismäßig
niederen Schmelzpunkt als Bindematerial verwendet wird, werden somit die Temperaturbedingungen, an welche die
Bahn oder der sich ergebende Stoff ausgesetzt werden kann, durch den Schmelzpunkt der Bindemittelfasern begrenzt«
Ein autogenes Binden oder eine Selbstbindung gemäß den bisherigen Arbeitsweisen ist -nicht einfach zu regeln
und neigt häufig zu einer Änderung der ästhetischen Eigenschaften der Bahn oder des Stoffes» Beispielsweise
ist bei einer Lösungsmittelbindung die Erzielung einer
angemessenen Haftung in den Fasern ohne Auflösung der gesamten Bahn oder zumindest ohne Beeinträchtigung der
physikalischen Eigenschaften derselben schwierig« Überdies besitzen die Schnittpunkte oder Ereuzungsstellen, an
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welchen die Fasern gebunden sind, häufig ein gequollenes Aussehen oder andere Anzeichen einer Lösung und WMerabscheidung
von Polymerisat, was im allgemeinen als Polymerisatwanderung bezeichnet wird«, In den meisten Fällen besitzen
diese, gequollenen Bereiche um die Bindungen herum nicht das gleiche Ausmaß an Färbstoffaufnähmefähigkeit
aufgrund der Änderungen in der kristallinen Struktur, die an den Bindungsstellen örtlich f/estgelegt sind, wodurch
ein ungleichförmiges Anfärben bewirkt wirdo Im Hinblick
auf die vorstehend geschilderten Schwierigkeiten ist eine
Hauptaufgabe der Erfindung die Schaffung von gebundenen Polyamidgebilden und Gemischen davon, die von äußeren Bindemitteln
und einer sichtbaren Polymerisatwanderung an den Bindungsstellen frei sind»
Gemäß der Erfindung ist die Herstellung von selbstgebundenen,
ungewefeten Stoffen aus einer Polymerisatschmelze in einem einzigen kontinuierlichen Arbeitsgang
vorgesehene Endlose Fäden werden aus geschmolzenen Polyamiden gesponnen und pneumatisch gedehnt oder dünner gemacht
(attenuated), bevor sie in einem beliebigen Muster auf die
Oberflache eines Förderbandes unter Bildung einer zusammenhängenden
gleichförmigen Bahn abgelegt werden«. Vorzugsweise wird die Bahn mit einer Spinnlösung auf der Oberfläche besprüht,
um die Handhabung der ungebundenen Bahn durch Ver-
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besserung der Ganzheit "bis zur "Vervollständigung der Bindung
zu erleichtern. Die Bahn wird durch eine mit einem aktivierenden Gas gefüllte Kammer vorbewegt, worin die
Verweilzeit ausreichend ist, um eine Oberflächenabsorption von Gas in das Fadenmaterial zu erlauben. Die Berührung
zwischen den Fäden an deren Kreuzungsstellen wird durch Kalandrieren zwischen gegenüberliegenden Rollen oder
Platten vor oder nach dem Aussetzen der Bahn an das aktivierende Gas verbessert» Danach wird das Gas aus den Fäden
in einem Waschbad oder in einer erhitzten Umgebung vor der Aufnahme desorbiert. Die Entfernung des aktivierenden Gases
hinterläßt eine starke Bindung zwischen sich kreuzenden Fäden, die an der Kreuzungsstelle unter Spuming waren.
Das aktivierende Gas kann Halogenwasserstoffe, Bortrifluorid, Schwefeldioxyd und Schwefeltrioxyd umfassen.
Aufgrund der größeren Absorptions- und Desorptionsgeschwindigkeit,
zusätzlich zu der vergleichsweisen leichten Handhabung wird Chlorwasserstoffgas besonders bevorzugt. Der
Einfachheit und Kürze halber wird daher nachstehend Chlorwasserstoff als aktivierendes Gas angeführt.
Vorzugsweise soll das aktivierende Gas bei einer Temperatur von etwa 20 bis 25°C für gleichförmige Behandlungsbedingungen
und eine bequeme Handhabung gehalten werden,
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obgleich, die Bindung auch bei wesentlich höheren und tieferen
Temperaturen erreicht werden kann« Die Absorptions— geschwindigkeit oder das Absorptionsausmaß ist eine Funktion
der Temperatur, wobei eine raschere Absorption bei erhöhten Temperaturen stattfindet,. Es wurde jedoch, gefunden,
daß die Menge an absorbiertem, aktivierendem G-as mit einer
entsprechenden Zunahme in der Temperatur abnimmt, bis überhaupt keine Absorption mehr stattfindet, wenn die Temperatur
etwa 11O0C übersteigt„
wäßrige Lösungen von Chlorwasserstoff (Salzsäure) für vMe Polyamide bekannte Lösungsmittel sind, ist
im wesentlichen nicht-ionisierter, reiner Chlorwasserstoff kein Lösungsmittel und das Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung
kann unter vollständig wasserfreien Bedingungen ausgeführt
werden· Der Bindungsvorgang ist nicht von einer Lösung und Wiederausfallung von Polymerisat abhängig. Überdies
wird durch die Tatsache, daß andere Polymerisate außer
auch
Polyamiden, die/in Salzsäure löslich sind, diese Bindungsreaktion bei Aussetzung an gasförmigen Chlorwasserstoff
gemäß den Arbeitsweisen der Erfindung nicht eingehen,
ein weiterer Hinweis gebracht, daß hierbei kein Lösungsmitteleffekt vorhanden ist„ Es wurde jedoch festgestellt,
daß eine bessere Bindung erzielt wird, wenn das Verfahren
unter atmosphärischen Bedingungen ausgeführt wird, wobei
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die Feuchtigkeitskonzentration oberhalb etwa 25/0 und vorzugsweise
zwischen 40 und 6 0% gehalten wirdo
Für die Erzielung dieser Bindungsreaktion müssen die Gebilde in sehr dichter Berührung vorliegen. Bei zwei sich
kreuzenden Fasern kann dieser Zustand erreicht werden, indem man die gekreuzten Fasern unter Spannung hält» In
einer Matte oder Lage von Fasern kann dies durch Schrumpfen von verflochtenen Fäden nach der Bildung der Matte
oder dadurch erreicht werden, daß man die Matte einer Druckeinwirkung unterwirft0 Das Pressen der Matte kann
vor oder nach dem Aussetzen an Chlorwasserstoff erfolgen. Bei der praktischen Ausführung besitzt das "Vorpressen"
den Vorteil, daß die Preßeinrichtung nicht dem aktivierenden
Gas ausgesetzt werden muß. Das "Nachpressen" besitzt jedoch den Vorteil, daß der Matte aufgrund einer
Zunahme in dem auf die Faserkreuzungsstellen auferlegten Druck eine größere Festigkeit erteilt wird.
Es wurde festgestellt, daß Polymerisate, die unter dem Einfluß von Chlorwasserstoffgas (HCl) selbstgebunden
werden können, in ihrer Struktur im allgemeinen die Gruppe -NHCO- aufweisen. Um dieses Bindungsvermögen aufzuweisen,
ist in dem Polymerisat eine angemessene Konzentration von diesen Gruppen erforderlich, die zugänglich und an Gruppen
gebunden sind, die die Basizität nicht ungünstig ändern«
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Es wurde gefunden, daß Polyamide mit einem Gehalt an
einigen aromatischen Gruppen diese Bindungsreaktion
eingehen, jedoch bestimmte, vollständig aromatische Polyamide diese Reaktion trotz Konzentrationen an -NHCO-Gruppen,
die denjenigen in Polyhexamethylen&dipamid (Nylon 66) vergleichbar sind, wobei Polyhexamethylenadipamid
die Bindung sehr leicht eingeht, nicht vollziehen· Dies kann auf die Starrheit der Struktur oder auf die
Wirkung der aromatischen Ringe auf die Basizität der Amidgruppe oder auf eine Kombination dieser Effekte zurückzuführen
seine
Obgleich der Mechanismum der Bindung nicht völlig geklärt
ist, wird angenommen, daß dieser auf einer Unterbrechung
von Wasserstoffbindungen zwischen den Polymerisatrketten
durch die Bildung eines HOl-Komplexes mit der
Amidgruppe beruht. In der Polymerisattechnik ist es allgemein
bekannt, daß viele der physikalischen. Eigenschaften von Polyamiden bis zu einem großen Ausmaß von den
intermolekularen Wasserstoffbindungen zwischen den -CO- und -NH-Gruppen in benachbarten Polymerisatketten abhängen«
Die Bindungen bilden Vernetzungsbindungen zwischen den
molekularen Ketten, und erhöhen dadurch solche Eigenschaften, wie Schmelzpunkt und Zugfestigkeitο Wenn diese Bindungen
durch die Wirkung von Chlorwasserstoff unterbrochen
10 9 8 8 2/ 1Λ 1 9
werden, werden die Polymerisatketten innerhalb der Struktur biegsamer und neigen zu einer Verschiebung, um die
durch die Spannung oder durch Druck aufpem Gebilde verursachte
Beanspruchung freizugeben oder aufzuheben. Die Komplexbildung ist umkehrbar und wenn Chlorwasserstoff desorbiert
wird, bilden sich die Wasserstoffbindungen erneut.
In der verschobenen Lage der Polymerisatketten sind viele der neuen Bindungen zwischen Ketten' in zwei verschiedenen
Gebilden,, Mikrophotographien von Kreuzungsstellen von Fäden,
die nach dem Verfahren gemäß der Erfindung gebunden sind, zeigen an der Bindungsstelle eine homogene Struktur
ohne Anzeichen für eine Grenze zwischen den beiden Fäden. Eine weitere Stütze für diese Theorie beruht auf der
Tatsache, daß selbstbindende Polymerisate nicht an Polymerisate gebunden werden können, die unter den Bedingungen
des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung nicht selbstbindend sind. Jedoch können zwei verschiedene Polyamide,
die selbstbindend sind, aneinander gebunden werden.
Die Bindung wird mit Aussetzungsdauern im Bereich von 1 Sekunde bis zu mehreren Minuten,in Abhängigkeit von
der Zusammensetzung und der Struktur der zu bindenden Materialien erreicht. Eine wirksame Bindung wurde bei
HCl-Konzentrationen im Bereich von 100,'6-bis 25%igen
Gemischen mit Luft erzielt» Durch Regelung der Auasetzuncsdauer
kann die Tiefe der Eindringung des Gases in die ein-
BAD ORIGINAL 109882/U19
- 9 - ■
zelnen Fäden mühelos geregelt und auf die für die Erzielung
der gewünschten Bindung notwendige Tiefe "beschränkt
werden. Bei der praktischen Ausführung wmrde eine gute
Bindung bei so geringen Eindringungen wie 5% des Querschnitt sbereichs der Fäden erhalten, wobei jedoch eine
•^indringung zwischen 20 und 50% bevorzugt wirdo Die optimale
Aussetzungsdauer ändert sich mit der Polymerisatzusammensetzung, der Konzentration des aktivierenden
Gases, dem Fadendurchmesser und der vorhergehenden physikalischen Behandlung der Fäden« Im allgemeinen erfordern
feinere Fäden aufgrund des größeren Oberflächenbereichs
Je Gewichtseinheit eine kürzere Aussetzungsdauer als Fäden mit größerem Titer aus der gleichen Polymerisatzusammensetzung
ο Es wurde auch beobachtet, daß frisch gesponnene
Fäden, die nicht gestreckt worden sidd, im allgemeinen
eine kürzere Aussetzungsdauer als gestreckte Fäden erfordern. Längere Aussetzungsdauern neigen zu einer
Erniedrigung der Zugfestigkeit der Fäden, vermutlich aufgrund einer Eindringungstiefe, die eine wesentliche
Abnahme in der Orientierung erlaubte
Die Desorption des aktivierenden Gases kann bei Räumte.^ era tür durch laschen mit Wasser oder einer sehr ver- .
n wäßrigen Lösung einer Base erreicht s-erdeii, oder
ka?m unter Tollütündi^; «rfisaerfreien Bedingungen durch
ηΦϊ-ι: y:>a . vV'/if'Ws 'ei"A'le.lt Wi-'V'li-iii. Ute lötiif:Q.,-o ArbeHö·=*
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- ίο -
weise bietet den Vorteil einer einfacheren Gewinnung des
aktivierenden Gases. Die für die Desorption erforderlichen Temperaturen liegen weit unterhalb der Erweichungs- oder
Schmelztemperatur der Polymerisate und bewirken daher keine Änderung der physikalischen Eigenschaften der
polymeren Gebilde.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert, worin in perspektivischer Darstellung
eine bevorzugte Anordnung der Vorichtung, die für die Ausführung des Verfahrens gemäß der Erfindung zur Anwendung
gelangt, gezeigt ist.
In der Zeichnung ist eine Anordnung für die Umwandlung eines Polymerisats in einen Stoff in einem einzigen
kontinuierlichen Arbeitsgang dargestellt. Insbesondere bezeichnet das Bezugszeichen 10 eine übliche Schmelzspinnmaschine
(Schmelzextruder) und damit verbundene Einrichtungen, die zur Bildung der endlosen Fäden 12 aus einem
geschmolzenen thermoplastischen Material angewendet wird. Die ausgesponnenen Fäden werden gedehnt und mittels einer
pneumatisch betriebenen Saugeinrichtung 14 vorwärtsbewegt, die durch einen Verkreuzungsmechanismus 16 (traversing
mechanism) mechanisch ausgeschwenkt oder geführt wird.
Ein Motor 18 von allgemein bekannter Art bewegt den Verkreuzungsmechanismus
16 auf einem
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Paar von fest angebrachten Führungsstangen 20 hin und her.
Die Saugeinrichtung 14 wird bei einer vorbestimmten Geschwindigkeit hin- und herbewegt, um die Fäden 12 in einem
beliebigen Muster auf dem Förderband 22 abzulegen. Wenn die Fäden auf dem Ablegeband abgelegt sind, werden sie miteinander
bis zu dem Ausmaß gemischt, daß eine zusammenhängende Bahnstruktur gebildet wird. Erwünschtenfalls kann
eine Ameisensäure o.dgl. enthaltende Polymerisatlösung auf
die Bahn an der Ablegestelle gesprüht werden, um die Beibehaltung der Ganzheit der Bahriwährend deren Bewegung zu der
Stelle, an welcher die Bindung stattfindet, zu verbessern.
Zur Überwindung der Schwierigkeit, daß ein ungleichförmiger
Bahnrand durch das runde Ablegemuster gebildet wird und dadurch sich eine Abnahme in der Bahngleichförmigkeit ergibt,
sind Rand-bildende Ablenkplatten 2k dicht zu dem Sammelband
22 angeordnet. Diese Platten sind vorzugsweise um etwa 15° von der Senkrechten geneigt und sind in einem Abstand
bei der gewünschten Bahnbreite voneinander getrennt. Der den Fäden durch den Verkreuzungs- oder Verquerungsmechanismus
16 erteilte Qu&rschlag ist eUvas großer als die endgültige
Breite der Bahn, was zu geraden Rändern oder Kanten mit
1 0 98 8 2/1Λ 19
gleichförmiger Dichte führt. Ein Saugbehälter 26 ist in 'dichter Nähe unterhalb des Ablegebandes 22 für die Abgabe
der aus der Saugeinrichtung 14 -ausströmenden Luft und der Luft aus der die Sprühlösung abgebenden Düse, falls verwendet,
vorgesehen. Das in dem Saugbehälter 26 erzeugte Vakuum wird in vorteilhafter Weise zur Unterstützung der
Ablagerung der Fäden auf dem Sammelband angewendet. . · Die Bahn verläßt das Vorschubband 22 und wird durch
ein Paar von Druckrollen 32 zum Kalandrieren geführt, um
die Bahndichte und deren Zusammenhaftung zu verbessern, bevor sie in die Kammer 34 gelangt, die mit eirigm aktivierenden
Gas gefüllt ist, das durch einen Einlaß 36 eingeführt
wird, wobei dessen Überschuß bei einem Auslaß 38 abgeführt wird. Wenn, wie vorstehend angegeben, eine Lösung auf die
Bahn gesprüht wird, werden die Rollen 32 strahlenförmig durch gebräuchliche Maßnahmen (nicht gezeigt) erhitzt.
Die Bahn soll bei einer ausreichend hohen Rollentemperatur kalandriert werden, um das verwendete Lösungsmittel zu
verdampfen, wobei der Druck ausreichend sein soll, um die erwünschte Anzahl von Padenverkreuzungen mit den in Berührung
stehenden Fäden zum Binden zu schaffen. Gemusterte
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Rollen können angewendet werden, um eine Mannigfaltigkeit
von Mustern in dem fertiggestellten Produkt zu erhalten.
weil
Die Ve«zeIt in der Kammer 34 ist von der Art des
Die Ve«zeIt in der Kammer 34 ist von der Art des
verwendeten aktivierenden Gases und dessen Konzentration
abhängig. Nach einer ausreichenden Aussetzungsdauer der
Fäden in der gasgefüllten Kammer, um eine Oberflächenabsorption des Gases zu erlauben, wird die Bahn 30 dann durch
Rollen 40zu einem Waschbad 42, das mit Wasser oder einem
schwach alkalischen Bad gefüllt ist, vorwärtsbewegt.
Ein Paar von durch Abstand getrennt angeordneten Führungsgliedern 44 regelt den waagerechten Bewegungsweg der
Bahn 30 durch das Bad, um die Desorption des Gases aus den
Fäden zu; erlauben, wobei eine Bindung infolge der Rekristallisation,
Wiederherstellung der Wasserstoffbindungen stattfindet. Danach wird die selbst gebundene Bahn über eine Spannungsstange
46 geleitet, bevor sie durch zwei Sätze von Abtuet schröllen 50 gezogen wird, die unter einem Spiel- oder
Zwischenraum angeordnet sind, um so viel des restlichen Wassers
aus der Bahn abzupressen, als dies von dem Eintreten in
die Irocknungsstufe möglich ist. Ein Ablaufbehälter 52 ist
für die Rückführung des überschüssigen Wassers zu dem Waschbad vorge-sehen. Die Bahn wird dann über eine Reihe von mittels
Wasser-
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dampf beheizten Trocknungsrollen 54 vorwärtsbewegt, die
bei der Dampftemperatur von etwa ljJ5°C betrieben werden,
bevor sie aufgenommen wird.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand von Beispielen
näher erläutert, in welchen sämtliche Teile auf Gewicht bezogen sind, falls nichts anderes angegeben ist.
. Pplyhexamethylenadipamid (Nylon 66), das auf ein Feuchtigkeitsausmaß von 0,01 % vorgetrocknet ist und eine
relative Viskosität (RV) von 29 aufweist, wird durch eine Spinndüse mit 14 öffnungen von jeweils etwa 0,023 cm (0,0Og
inch) im Durchmesser bei etwa 290 C schmetegesponnen. Das
Spinnausmaß oder die Spinngeschwindigkeit beträgt 0,55 kg/Std.
(0,78 pound per hour). Die frisch gewponnenen Fäden mit
einem Titer von etwa 1,5 den werden durch eine etwa in einem Abstand von 96,5 cm (38 inches) unterhalb der Spinndüse
angeordneten Saugeinrichtung geleitet, die bei etwa 2,8 atü (40 psig) mit einem Luftdurchsatz von 0,168 Standardm^/Minute
(6 SCFM ) betrieben wird. Diese gedehnten Fäden werden willkürlich dispergiert und auf einem kontinuierlich
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■- .15 -
sich bewegenden, mit kleinen Öffnungen versehenen Föderband
unter der wirkung der Saugdüse und des Saugbehälters
•2· ■ ■
unterhalb des Bandes abglegt. Der Abjfandt zwischen der Saugdüse
und dem mit kleinen Löchern versehenen Band beträgt 45,8 cm (18 inches). Die Bahn wird in einer durchgehenden
Bahnform durch das j^^;*fii^|[erbewegen der Saugeinrichtung
in einer Hin- und Herbewegungsweise im rechten Winkel zur Bewegungsrichtung des Förderbandes hergestellt. Die Überquerungsgeschwindigkeit
beträgt 20 Cyden je Minute während
einer Vorwärtsbewegung von etwa 22,8 cm (9 inches), wobei
eine Bahn von etwa 35*7 g je m (0,96 oz. per sq .. yd.)
gebildet wird. Die Bahn wird mit nassen Bindemitteln (ligameits),
die 70 % Ameisensäure und JO % Polyamidfeststoffe
enthalten, bei einem Ausmaß von 2,5 cnr je Minute besprüht, um die Ganzheit der Bahn bis/zu» weiteren Behandlung zu verbessern.
Die mit dem nassen Bindemittel behandelte Bahn wird mit einer gemusterten Walze oder Rolle unter Ausübung
einer Kraft von 2,ö?kg/cm (16 pounds. 0er linear inch) bei
einer Rollentemperatur von 1000C geprägt, wobei die Ameisensäure
entfernt wird. Aus den Kalandrierrollen oder -walzen
wird die Bahn in Umgebungsatmosphäre zu der Chlorwasserstoff
BAD 109082/1419
gasaufbringungskammer vorgeführt. In dieser Gaskammer wird die Bahn einer Chlorwasserstoffatmosphäre, die bei einem geringen
Vakuum gehalten ist, um ein Durchlecken an die Umgebung zu verhindern, unterworfen. Die Bahn ist während einer
Verweilzeit von etwa 10 Sekunden innerhalb der Kammer. Das Strömungsausmaß von HCl-Gas beträgt 12 g/Min.. Das restliche
HCl-Gas wird aus der faserigen Bahn durch Waschen in einem schwach alkalischen Bad entfernt. Überschüssiges Wasser "wird
aus der Bahn mit Hilf^ines Paares von Auswringrollen entfernt, worauf auf einer Mehraahl von erhitzten Rollen
vor der Aufnahme getrocknet wird. DAe sich ergebende Stoff ist kräftig, drapierfähig und tuchähnlich mit einem Grundgewicht
von 35>T g/m , (0,96 oz. per sq. yd.), bei einer
Biegelänge von 1,4 ( 3,55 cm), mit einer Festigkeit von
1,66 kg/cm /m (7,8 lbs. per in. per sq. yd.) und einer
Stohl-Abriebsbeständigkeit von etwa 2000 Cyclen.
Polyhexamethylenadlpamid (Nylon 66) mit einer relativen
Viskosität (RV) von 29 wurde durch eine Spinndüse mit 14 Öffnungen mit einem Durchmesser von jeweils 0,023 cm
(0,009 inch) bei etwa 2900C schmelzgesponnen. Das Spinn-
109882/U19
-.17-
ausmaß betrug 0,45 kg/Std. (1 pound per hour). Die frisch
gesponnenen Fäden wurden durch eine in einem Abstand von etwa 96,5 cm (38 inches) unterhalb der Spinndüse angebrachte
Saugeinrichtung geleitet. Der Saugstrahl wurde bei 2,8 atü (40 psig) bei einem Luftdurchsatz vnn 0,168
Standard-nr/Minute (6 SCPM) getrieben. Diese'gedehnten
Fäden wurden beliebig dispergiert und auf einem sich kontinuierlich bewegenden mit Löchern versehenen Föderband unter
der Wirkung des Saugdüsenstrahls ablegt. Der Abstand zwischen
der Saugdüse und dem mit Lächern versehenen Band betrug
45,8 cm (18 inches). Die Bahn wurde in kontinuierlicher
Bahnenform durch die Querbewegung der Saugeinrichtung in hin- und hergehender Weise im rechten Winkel zur Bewegung
des mit Löchern versehenen Förderbandes hergestellt. Das
Überquerungsausmaß betrug J50 Cyclen/Minute bei einem Querhub
oder (-zug (traverse stroke) von 25,4 cm (10 inches). Zur Schaffung einer Bahn mit einer gleichförmigen Kantendichte waren geneigte Platten mit einem Abstand von 22,8 cm
(9 inches) in Nähe des Förderbandes angebracht. Luftsteuerdüsen
waren vorgesehen, um einen Luftstrom abwärts über die
Oberfläche der randbildenden Platten zu richten, der die darauf abgelegten Fäden auf das Band drückte. Diese Luft-
109882/1419
düsen wurden bei einem Druck von 2,1 atü (30 psig) betätigt.
Wenn das Förderband bei einer vorbestimmten Geschwindigkeit vorwärtsbewegt wurde, um das Bahnengewicht zu regeln,
wurde eine 22,8 cm (9 in.) breite, gleichförmig dichte endlose Bahn von Rand zu Rand gebildet. Die so gebildete Bahn wurde
mit einem nassen Bindemittel, das 70 % Ameisensäure und 30 %
W Polyamidfeststoffe enthielt, in einem Ausmaß von 0,41 cnr5/
Minute besprüht, um die weitere Behandlung zu erleichtern. Die mit dem nassen Bindemittel behandelte Bahn wurde mit
einer gemusterten Kalandrierwalze, die eine Kraft von 59 kg (I30 pounds) bei einer Temperatur von 1300C ausübte, geprägt.
Von den Kalandrierrollen oder -walzen wurde die Bahn in Umgebungsatmosphare, die bei einer relativen Feuchtigkeit
von 60 % bei 21,10C (70°F)gehalten war, zu der HCl-Gasanwendungskammer
vorwärtsbewegt. In der HCl-Gasanwendungskammer
Wk wurde die Bahn an das bei einem Vakuum von 40,6 cm Hg (16
inches) gehaltene HCl-Gas ausgesetzt. Die Bahn war während einer Verweilzeit von etwa 7 Sekunden innerhalb der Kammer.
Das Strömungsausmaßj^/ des HCl-Gases betrug 8 g/Minute. Das
zurückbleibende HCl-Gas wurde aus der faserigen Bahn desorblert
und in ein Bad gewaschen, das NaOH enthielt und bei einem pH-Wert im Bereich von 11 bis I3 bei 300C gehalten war.
1 09882/
Überschüssiges Wasser wurde aus der Bahn mit Hilfe eines Paares von Auswringrollen entfernt, worauf über
einer Mehrzahl von erhitzten Rollen vor der Aufnahme getrocknet
wurde.
Der sich ergebende Stoff war kräftig, drapierfähig und
tuchähnlich und besaß ein Grundgewicht von 112 g/m (j5>0
OZo per sq. yd.), eine Dicke von 6^5 ,v, (25 mils), eine
P P
Zugfestigkeit von 44,6 g/cm je g je m (9*3 pounds/inch/
ounce/square yard), eine Dehnung von 50 %» eine Biegelänge
von 5,34 cm (2,1 inches) und eine Stoll-Biegungs-Abriebsbeständigkeit
(Stoll flex abrasion resistance) von 1775
Cyclen,
Polyhexamethylenadipamid (Nylon 66), das auf ein Feuchtigkeitsausmaß von 0,01 $ getrocknet war, mit einer relativen
Viskosität (RV) von ^O wurde durch eine Spinndüse mit
14 Öffnungen bei 2900C schmelzgesponnen und durch eine unterhalb
der Spinndüse angeordnete Luftsaugeinrichtung geleitet. Die Fäden wurden gedehnt und gleichförmig auf ein sich bewegendes
mit Löchern versehenes Förderband abgegeben. Die Bahn wurde kontinuierlich gebildet und war aus Fäden mit
109882/U19
einem Titer von 1,9 den mit eine.r Festigkeit von 3*8 g/den
und einer Bruchdehnung von 134 % zusammengesetzt. Die Bahn
wurde mit einem nassen Bindemittel zur Regelung von deren Bildung und zur Erleichterung der Handhabung bis zur Bindung
der Fäden besprüht. Das Bahngewicht betrug 97 g/m (2,6 oz./
yd. ). Die Bahn wurde zum Verdichten der Fäden bei 15,6 atü
(223 psig) bei .1500C flachgepreßt und mittels einer Gasanwendungskammer,
die bei einem Quecksilbervakuum von 2,54
cm (1 inch) gehalten wurde, an reines HCl-Gas während 10 Sekunden ausgesetzt. Das Gas wurde durch die Bahn bei einem
Ausmaß von 20 g/Min, geleitet. Durch eine Umgebungsatmoshhäre
wurde das Gas mittels trockener Hitze von einer Infrarotstrahlenquelle bei 15O°C während 20 Sekunden entfernt. Das
sich ergebende Produkt bestand aus einem kräftigen biegsamen
Stoff mit einer Festigkeit von 16,8 g / cm / g / m
(11,2 lbs./in./oz./yd. ) und einer Biegelänge von 4,8 cm
(1,9 inches).
109882/U19
Claims (17)
- Patentansprüche1 .■ Verfahren- zur Herstellung von nicht gewebten Stoffen aus einem geschmolzenen Polymerisat in einem einzigen kontinuierlichen Arbeitsgang, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man endlose Fäden aus einer PolymerisatschmeIze mit einem Gehalt von wenigstens 10 Gew.-^ Polyamid spinnt, pneumatisch die Fäden dehnt, die Fäden auf ein sich bewegendes Band in beliebigem Muster unter Bildung einer gleichförmigen Bahn ablegt, die Bahn ■ durch eine mit einem aktivierenden Gas gefüllte Kammer vorwärtsbewegt, worin die Fäden das Gasadsorbierte
absorbieren, und das/Gas aus den Fäden unter Auftreten einerBindung an der Mehrzahl der Überkreuzungsstellen entfernt. - 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Bahn vor dem Einbringen ii die gasgefüllte Kammer kalandriert.
- 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als Aktivierendes Gas Halogenwasserstoff, insbesondere Chlorwasserstoff, verwendet,
- 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als aktivierendes Gas Bortrifluorid, Schwefeldioxyd oder Schwefeltrioxyd verwendet.10 9882/ Ul 9
- 5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das aktivierende Gas aus der Bahn in einem Waschbad entfernt.
- 6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das aktivirende Gas in einer im wesentlichen trockenen Umgebung, die auf zwischen etwa 90 und 2000G erhitzt ist, desorbiert.
- 7» Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Bahn weiter verdichtet und stabilisiert, indem man auf die Bahn in Nähe von deren Ablagestelle eine Lösung aufsprüht.
- 8. Verfahren nach Anspruch J, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man als Lösung eine Mischung aus Polyamidbindemitteln (Nylon ligaments) und Ameisensäure verwendet.
- 9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 odeifelt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Bahn bei einer ausreichenden Temperatur* zur Verdampfung der Ameisensäure kalandriert.
- 10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche. 1 bis 9* dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die Bahn nach dem Verlassen der gasgefüllten Kammer kalandriert.
- 11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die endlosen Fäden über die BreiteBAD ORIGINAL 109882/1419eines Löcher aufweisenden Bandes mit Hilfe eines Querbewegungsmechanismus quer ablegt.
- 12. Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von nicht gewebten Stoffen aus organischen synthetischen Polymerisaten, gekennzeichnet durch eine Einrichtung zum Ausspinnen dieser Polymerisate unter Bildung von endlosen Fäden, eine Einrichtung zum Dehnen und Ablegen der Fäden auf eine Oberfläche in einem beliebigen Muster unter Bildung einer Bahn, eine Einrichtung zum Vorwärtsbewegan und Kalancüeren dieser Bahn von Fäden zu einer Bindungszone, in welcher bei einem Hauptteil der Fadenkreuzungsstellen eine Bindung stattfindet, eine Einrichtung zum Absorbieren eines aktivierenden Gases in die Oberflächenschichten der Fäden, eine Einrichtung zum Entfernen des aktivierenden Gases aus den Fäden und eine Einrichtung zur Aufnahme der gebundenen Bahn.
- 13· Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Absorptionseinrichtung aus einer mit dem aktivierenden Gas gefüllten Kammer mit einem Einlaß und einem Auslaß besteht.
- l4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12 oder IJ)3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gasentfernungseinrichtung aus einem waschbad besteht.109882/U19
- 15. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Einrichtung zum Trocknen der gebundenen Bahn aufweist.
- 16. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Einrichtung zur Gasentfernung aus einer erhitzten Umgebung besteht.
- 17. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet daß die erhitzte Umgebungheiße Rollen oder Walzen umfaßt.10 9 8 8 2/1419
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US64672067A | 1967-06-16 | 1967-06-16 | |
| US87755769A | 1969-11-21 | 1969-11-21 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE1760662A1 true DE1760662A1 (de) | 1972-01-05 |
| DE1760662B2 DE1760662B2 (de) | 1975-02-06 |
| DE1760662C3 DE1760662C3 (de) | 1975-10-02 |
Family
ID=27094999
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1760662A Expired DE1760662C3 (de) | 1967-06-16 | 1968-06-18 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von Vliesen aus pdyamidhaltigen Fäden |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US3542615A (de) |
| BE (1) | BE716610A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE1760662C3 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR1572627A (de) |
| GB (1) | GB1242000A (de) |
| LU (1) | LU56247A1 (de) |
| NL (1) | NL6808435A (de) |
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Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2398831A (en) * | 1944-05-06 | 1946-04-23 | Du Pont | Spinning apparatus and method |
| US3184358A (en) * | 1961-06-20 | 1965-05-18 | Multifol Patentverwert Ag | Method of forming laminated plastic tubing |
| US3314840A (en) * | 1961-08-01 | 1967-04-18 | Celanese Corp | Process and apparatus for producing a non-woven fabric |
| NL297313A (de) * | 1962-08-30 | 1900-01-01 |
-
1967
- 1967-06-16 US US646720A patent/US3542615A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1968
- 1968-06-11 LU LU56247D patent/LU56247A1/xx unknown
- 1968-06-11 GB GB27774/68A patent/GB1242000A/en not_active Expired
- 1968-06-14 NL NL6808435A patent/NL6808435A/xx unknown
- 1968-06-14 BE BE716610D patent/BE716610A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1968-06-17 FR FR1572627D patent/FR1572627A/fr not_active Expired
- 1968-06-18 DE DE1760662A patent/DE1760662C3/de not_active Expired
-
1969
- 1969-11-21 US US877557A patent/US3705068A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| LU56247A1 (de) | 1969-05-29 |
| GB1242000A (en) | 1971-08-11 |
| BE716610A (de) | 1968-12-16 |
| DE1760662B2 (de) | 1975-02-06 |
| US3705068A (en) | 1972-12-05 |
| US3542615A (en) | 1970-11-24 |
| NL6808435A (de) | 1968-12-17 |
| DE1760662C3 (de) | 1975-10-02 |
| FR1572627A (de) | 1969-06-27 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C3 | Grant after two publication steps (3rd publication) | ||
| E77 | Valid patent as to the heymanns-index 1977 | ||
| 8339 | Ceased/non-payment of the annual fee |