DE175903C

DE175903C -

Info

Publication number: DE175903C
Application number: DE1905175903D
Authority: DE
Filing date: 1905-08-01
Anticipated expiration: 1925-08-02

Description

KAISERLICHESIMPERIAL

PATENTAMT.PATENT OFFICE.

Die Erfindung besteht in einer Abänderung einer bekannten Art von Koinzidenzentfernungsmessern, durch die diese Instrumente zu einem neuen Meßverfahren tauglich werden, das bei 5 Objekten von sehr unregelmäßigen ,Umrissen genauere, bei keinerlei Objekten aber weniger genaue Ergebnisse liefert als irgend ein Koinzidenz verfahren. Die Koinzidenzentfernungsmesser jener Art bestehen im wesentlichen ausThe invention consists in a modification of a known type of coincidence rangefinder, through which these instruments are suitable for a new measuring method, the 5 objects of very irregular, more precise outlines, but less for no objects gives more accurate results than any coincidence method. The coincidence rangefinder of that kind consist essentially of

ίο zwei Fernrohren, denen das Okular gemeinsam ist, und deren Bilder in einer geraden, zur Standlinie senkrechten Linie aneinander grenzen sowie aus einer Vorrichtung, um eine Verschiebung des einen Bildes in der Richtung der Standlinie zu erzeugen. Man mißt mit solchen Instrumenten in der Weise, daß man zunächst durch Richten (Drehen) des Entfernungsmessers in der Visierebene, d. h. in der durch Visierrichtung und Standlinie gegebenen Ebene, in dem Rahmen des Bildes, das nicht der Verschiebungsvorrichtung gehorcht, das beobachtete Objekt sichtbar werden läßt, aber nur zu einem durch die Bildergrenzlinie beschränkten Teil, und daß man darauf die Verschiebungsvorrichtung handhabt, bis in dem verschieblichen Bilde das Objekt durch die Grenzlinie gerade so weit beschränkt ist, daß die Objektteile in beiden Bildern sich zum vollständigen Objekt ergänzen. Dies läßt sich aber bei manchen Objekten nicht sicher beurteilen.ίο two telescopes that share the eyepiece and whose images are adjacent to one another in a straight line perpendicular to the base line and from a device to a shift of one image in the direction of the base line to create. With such instruments one measures in such a way that one first goes through Aligning (rotating) the range finder in the plane of the sight, d. H. in the direction of sight and baseline given plane, in the frame of the image that does not obey the displacement device, the observed object can be seen, but only to a limited extent by the picture boundary line, and that you then manipulate the shifting device until that in the shiftable image Object is limited by the boundary line so far that the object parts in both images complement each other to form a complete object. However, this cannot be done with some objects judge for sure.

Nach der vorliegenden Erfindung wird das eine oder das andere Bild, zweckmäßiger dasAccording to the present invention, one or the other picture, more expedient that

verschiebliche, in der Richtung der Standlinie umgekehrt. Mit dem so abgeänderten Instrument mißt man die Entfernung eines Objekts in der folgenden, abweichenden Weise. Durch das Richten des Instruments in der Visierebene bringt man den Teil des unverschieblichen Bildes, in dem das beobachtete Objekt abgebildet ist, nur in die Nähe der Grenzlinie. Auch die Vorrichtung zum Verschieben des anderen Bildes betätigt man nicht weiter, als bis die diesem anderen Bilde angehörige zweite Abbildung des Objekts ebenfalls in die Nähe der Grenzlinie und in ebenso großen Abstand von ihr gekommen ist. Da die eine der beiden Abbildungen dem Bilde angehört, das in der Richtung der Standlinie, also senkrecht zur Grenzlinie, umgekehrt ist, so liegen alsdann beide Abbildungen symmetrisch zur Grenzlinie. Die Herbeiführung dieser Symmetrie, nicht mehr irgendwelcher Koinzidenz, ist also hier das Ziel der Bildverschiebung. Wegen der sicheren Vergleichbarkeit der kleinen Abstände einander entsprechender Punkte der beiden Abbildungen von der Grenzlinie und wegen der Vielzahl von Punktepaaren, deren beide Abstände zum Vergleich gelangen, erzielt man mit dem beschriebenen Symmetrieverfahren eine besonders befriedigende Meßgenauigkeit.movable, reversed in the direction of the baseline. With the instrument modified in this way one measures the distance of an object in the following, deviating way. By straightening the instrument in the plane of the sight one brings the part of the immovable image, in which the observed object is depicted, only in the vicinity of the boundary line. Also the The device for moving the other image is not operated further than until the second image of the object belonging to this other image also in the vicinity of the Border line and at just as great a distance from it. Because one of the two figures belongs to the picture which is reversed in the direction of the base line, i.e. perpendicular to the boundary line, then lie both images symmetrical to the border line. Achieving this symmetry, don't more of any coincidence, so here is the goal of the image shift. Because of the Reliable comparability of the small distances between corresponding points of the two Images of the boundary line and because of the large number of pairs of points, both of which are spaced apart arrive at a comparison, one achieves a with the symmetry method described particularly satisfactory measurement accuracy.

In Fig. ι und 2 sind zwei Beispiele für die Zusammensetzung der beiden Bilder dargestellt. Durch die Linien A-A ist die Richtung der Standlinie angedeutet. Von den beiden ein-In Fig. Ι and 2 two examples of the composition of the two images are shown. The direction of the baseline is indicated by the lines AA. Of the two

Claims

other congruent and already symmetrical to the straight border line of the drawn images Lines belong to the one completely, the other to only perpendicular to the base line upright pictures again.

In Fig. 3 a suitable overall prism system is shown for the composition of the images according to Fig. 1, in Fig. 4 for those according to Fig. 2, both times assuming a horizontal stance. In FIG. 3, the right-angled mirror prism a equipped with metallic cathetus surfaces serves as the separating prism, in whose edge formed by the catheter surfaces the common focal point b of the objectives is to be placed. Of the two objective prisms, the one on the left, c, brings about complete erection due to the two reflections on the so-called roof, but the repeated reflection on the separating prism α again causes the right and left to be swapped. The image of the left telescope, which is inverted in the horizontal direction, thus occupies the left half of the image field in FIG. This image is best chosen as the sliding one so that the sliding (and measuring) device would be placed on the left. The right objective prism d offers, in addition to the image erecting reflections on the roof, a third, the effect of which is canceled out again by the fourth reflection, which takes place on the separating prism α , so that the right half of the image field in Fig is filled out.

In the prism system according to FIG. 4, which produces a composition of the images as in FIG. 2, the dividing prism is composed of two parts a ¹ and a ² . A layer of silver (indicated by hatching) is arranged within the cement layer connecting the two parts, which forms a standing semicircle and accommodates the common focal point b of the lenses in the center of the upright diameter. The silver layer appears as half an ellipse in the image field, as shown in Fig. 2, filled in by the image produced by the rays of the right telescope, which are reflected by the silver layer into the eyepiece lying in the direction of the arrow, and enclosed by the image, which arises from the rays of the left telescope that are not reflected by the silver layer. Each of the two partial prisms is equipped with an image-erecting roof. The prism « ² offers two more reflections, one of them am! silver semicircle, but in their we-! cancel the image position. On the other hand, j the only reflection surface of the right objective prism d ° has a reversing effect in the horizontal direction, so that the right telescope image does not appear fully upright in the half ellipse of the image field, but instead appears with the right and left interchanged. However, the left telescope image enclosing the semi-ellipse is only influenced by the roof prism a ¹ , i.e. completely erected, because the left objective prism c ° presents two reflective surfaces which are again ineffective together. In Fig. 5, finally, a symmetry rangefinder is shown in a plan with a horizontal section through the housing, in which the prism system of FIG. 4 is used again. The supplementary lens system consists of the two objectives e and f, which are cemented with objective prisms c ° and d ° , and the astronomical eyepiece g. By deflecting the right bundle of rays, the measuring device shifts the right (horizontally inverted) telescope image against its semi-elliptical frame. The pointer h and the half-upright scale i are visible through the window k. The scale is firmly connected to the carrier I of the deflection prism m . To the carrier I, which sits with its foot in the slide guide η , the rack 0 is attached, which, together with the drive wheel f and the handwheel r located outside the housing q , is used to move the carrier I in its guide η .

Ρλ ϊ ε ν τ - A ν s ρ r u c Ii:

Range finder, consisting of two telescopes with a common eyepiece and straight border line between the two images and perpendicular to the base line a device for shifting one image in the direction of the base line, characterized in that one of the two 100th images is reversed in the direction of the base line is, so that by means of the shift of one image, the image parts corresponding to the object are symmetrical Give the position to the borderline and then, as with the coincidence measuring method, from the position the displacement device can infer the distance of the object.

1 sheet of drawings.