DE1752865A1 - Method and device for folding slate slabs - Google Patents

Description

DIP. Kurt Lengner _{a HambuIO} ^ _{the 26 <Jull 1968} Patent attorney '' ⁹ * ^QQ * J ° ra = netraße ₇ Patent attorney

Telephone 2SO 47 49 Dipl.-Ing. JÜRGEN CRASEMANN Telegram address: Germanpnt

Patent attorney

Our file 1154/1

THE DINORWIC SLATE QUARRIES COMPANY LIMITED Port Dinorwic, Caernarvonshire, Wales

England.

Method and device for folding slate slabs.

The invention relates to the production of slate sheets for roofing and in particular to a device for folding the edges of the slate.

Slate is a naturally occurring, fissile, fine-grained, clay-like pel rock, which can be easily divided or split into thin slices with great tensile strength, Durability and resistance to atmospheric agents. These panes or plates are used extensively for roofing.

In the usual production of slate, a Slate block sawn into a rectangular block with parallel sides using a steel or diamond tool. This block is then split into two thinner blocks along a cleavage plane. The blocks are further along cleavage planes divided until the original block is converted into a multitude of thin slices or plates.

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The resulting rectangular slates of slate are not generally usable as roofing panels. It is necessary to bevel the edges of the slate to give it a rough, to give a naturally broken or rustic look and thus to make them usable as building material. This finishing touch gives the edges of the slate a more aesthetic, friendlier appearance and thus also the whole roof covered in this way; also will the weather resistance the roof is somewhat improved by creating an inclined surface at the overlap of two slates that the rainwater can run off.

This folding was previously done by hand with a suitable hand tool, e.g. a trimming knife or a cutting machine.

The method according to the invention for folding slates of slate is characterized in that the slates of slate be folded by means of at least one rotating cutting tool.

According to a further feature of the invention, a folding device for slate sheets is provided, which is characterized in that at least one rotatingly driven cutting tool is provided, to which at least one edge of an essentially rectangular slate sheet can be fed, and that conveying means are provided for performing a relative movement between the cutting tool and the slate in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the tool when the slate is fed to the tool , whereby the total length of the edge can be roughly folded to achieve a naturally broken appearance.

Preferably the funding consists of at least one

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BATH ORIGINAL

Conveyor belt that moves the slate in the mentioned direction relative to the cutting tool.

Preferably, four cutting tools are provided along the length of the conveyor belt, with each of these tools being one the four sides of the slate. A turning device is provided to substantially turn the slabs of slate turn by 90 °. Each cutting tool is equipped with a lifting device assigned predetermined orientation of a slate before reaching this cutting tool and a reference surface against which a slate of the pusher is pressed. Furthermore, each cutting tool is provided with guide means to maintain the orientation of the slate at ^ Edging provided.

The cutting tool is expediently a milling cutter with a suitable one Number of cutting edges, e.g. a cutter with a diameter of 15 cm and 2 - 16 cutting edges.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments and the drawing.

Fig. 1 is a perspective top view of an embodiment of a device for folding slate sheets according to the invention, in which the relative positions of the four folding points are shown. Yy

Fig. 2 is a partial plan view of one of the folding points of the device according to Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a front view taken along line F-F in Fig. 2.

4 is a side view of an embodiment of a Turning device for the folding device according to the invention.

Figure j is a perspective side view of a cutting tool in contact with a slate of slate.

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Pig. Figure 6 is a sectional side view taken along line R-R in Pig. 2 showing the arrangement of the guide rollers.

Fig. 7 is a perspective top view of a second embodiment a device according to the invention for edging slates of slate.

Fig. 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of a folding device in which a flat conveyor belt 1 with parallel sides is provided in order to place essentially rectangular slates 2 with four sides 2a, 2b, 2 £ and 2d at four cutting tools ~ 5 &, 3p_ · > 3> lbs and 3d to transport over; In addition, a turning point 7 is arranged along the longitudinal axis of the conveyor belt 1. The conveyor belt 1 is supported by a plurality of rollers, of which the end rollers 4 and 5 in Fig. 1 and a Zwischwalze 60 in FIG. J> is shown. To drive the conveyor belt at a substantially constant speed, a motor with a suitable reduction gear (not shown) is provided, the slates being transported in the direction of arrow K in FIG.

Each bending point Ja, JQ, 3 £ and 3d has means for aligning a slate of slate arriving at this point on the conveyor belt and a hydraulically driven cutting tool ψ 6ja, 6b, 6c and 6cl.

The folding points ^ a and 3b are arranged on opposite sides of the conveyor belt 1 in order to fold opposite edges 2a, 2b_ of the slate. Folding points 3j £ ^and 2d are also arranged on opposite sides of the conveyor belt 1 in order to bevel the remaining edges 2 £ and 2d of the slates of slate. Furthermore, a turning device 7 is provided in order to turn the slates by about 90 ° while they run between the folding points Jb and 3 £.

Fig. 2 shows the folding point 3ja in more detail

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Conveyor belt 1 moves in the direction of arrow L. That Cutting tool 6a is a pre-cutter with a plurality of teeth or cutting edges 11 (shown more clearly in Fig. 3), whose axis of rotation runs essentially parallel to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt 1. The cutting tool oa. is mounted on a shaft 8 which is directly driven by a 2 1/2 HP hydraulic motor 9 which is mounted on a frame 10 is arranged such that the longitudinal axis of the shaft 8 lies in the same plane as the surface of one on the conveyor belt 1 resting slate.

The position of the motor 9> the shaft 8 and the cutting tool 6a can be adjusted in a direction which is substantially perpendicular to the edge 12 of the conveyor belt 1; the reason this is explained further below. The speed of the motor 9 can range between the values 15oo to 48oo rpm bypass valves not shown are set.

Above the frame 10 above the conveyor belt 1 is a pneumatic one actuated thrust device 13 arranged such that a slate transported on the conveyor belt 1 reaches the pusher 13 before it reaches the cutting tool 6a achieved.

The thrust device 13 consists of a pneumatic cylinder 14 with a piston rod 15, at the free end of which a cross head 21 is attached. The arms of the cross head 21 have cylindrical bores 62 which slide on two guide rods 18 which are firmly connected to the frame 10. A second cross head 16 is loosely carried by the piston rod 15 and is separated from the cross head 21 by a cylindrical bush 22 and a helical spring 2J> . Each arm of the cross head l6 is provided with a cylindrical bush 17 which is each slidably mounted on one of the guide rods l8.

A portion of the cross-head l6 extends vertically downwards so that its lower edge parallel to the surface of the conveyor belt 1 runs and it has a small vertical distance. On the Itataum 10 j there are a multitude of

ORIQINAL INSPECTED

Draw rollers 19 are arranged and form a surface that is parallel to the lower edge of the cross head 16 and also parallel to the . The longitudinal axis of the shaft 8 runs.

When the piston (not shown) moves to the right in cylinder 14, as shown in FIG. 2, the crosshead moves 21 to the right in a direction which is essentially perpendicular to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt 1. This movement is transmitted to the cross head 16 via the socket 22 and the helical spring 23, so that it also moves to the right will.

If the movement of the cross head 16 is stopped, it will move the cross head 21 continues to the right and compresses the helical spring 23. A limit switch (not shown) is on the pusher arranged in such a way that it is actuated, when the crosshead 16 has been stopped, after a predetermined rightward movement of the crosshead 21. This switch controls the supply of the cylinder 14 with compressed air so that actuation of the switch initiates a movement of the piston to the left.

A proximity switch is arranged on the device in order to control the compressed air supply to the cylinder 14 in such a way that that the piston is stopped when the cross head 21 has reached the limit of its left-hand movement and is in the in the inoperative position shown in FIG.

The leading edge of a slab of slate transported on the conveyor belt 1 actuates a second proximity switch (not shown) which controls an electromagnetic air valve connected to the cylinder 14 of the pusher 13 in such a way that the crosshead 21 and consequently the crosshead 16 move to the right , as in Flg. Is shown 2 · · Jed 'slate is supplied to the conveyor belt in such a way that it lies with two opposing edges approximately parallel sur direction of movement of the conveyor belt. 1 If now the cross

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.head Ιό moves to the right, its lower edge touches a Edge of the slate and pushes it towards the reference rollers I9. Finally, the slate is turned into a Moved position in which it is in contact with both the crosshead l6 and the reference rollers I9. Another movement of the Cross head to the right moves the slate until it is exactly with two opposite edges is aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the shaft δ. A movement of the cross head / is now prevented by the slate, but the cross head 21 continues to move to the right until the perimeter switch is actuated. The compressed air supply to the cylinder is now reversed so that the piston can move moved to the left and both crossheads 16 and 21 return to their left position, where they see the arrival of the next slate of slate expect.

Each folding point 3a * 3b, 3 £ and 3d has two structural struts 25 (one shown in Fig. 3), .the four disk-shaped guide wheels 24 carry. The four guide wheels 24 are close to the four Ends of two cylindrical rollers 6l attached, which are in U-shaped Frame 27 are stored. Each frame 27 carries two threaded bolts 23, which are inserted through holes in the structural strut 25 go through, the free ends of the bolts receiving nuts 29. A coil spring 30 is around the shaft of each of the bolts arranged to push the frame 27 away from the strut 25. Loosely arranged support members 3I and 32 provide the framework 27 lateral support.

Each pair of the U-shaped frames 27 has cross members 62, 63. The cross member 02 has loose arms 64 attached to it, which can move angularly in planes perpendicular to the axis of the cross member 62. Another disk-shaped guide wheel 65 is mounted on a pin 66 between the free ends of the arms 64. The cross member 63 has an essentially L-shaped member 67 loosely attached to it, which can move angularly in planes perpendicular to the axis of the cross member 63. The free end of the L-shaped member 67 is screw-threaded and passes freely through an opening in a block 68 which is lo:; o mounted between the arms 64 on pins ^ l ic: I.

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A coil spring 73 is around the free end of the L-shaped Link 67 arranged and between the block 68 and a washer 71 and nut 72 clamped in such a way that the downward pressure exerted by the guide wheel 65 can be changed by adjusting the nut 72.

The downward pressure exerted by idler wheels 24 and 65 is sufficient to ensure that one is on the conveyor belt in a given position relative to the conveyor belt, slab of slate aligned under the guide wheels 24 and 25 these Maintains position while the cutting tool processes the slate.

Each of the other folding points 3b, j5c and Ja has essentially the same construction as the folding point Ja with the exception that the folding points Jb and 3d on the folding points Ja. and 3 pounds opposite side of conveyor belt 1 work.

The turning device 7 is arranged above the conveyor belt 1 between the folding points 3b and 3b and consists of a suction cup 33 which can be pivoted angularly relative to the support frame 70.The suction cup 33 is essentially cylindrical and has an open end Jk and a closed end 35 '', the closed end 35 has a cylindrical bore Jo, the longitudinal axis of which coincides with the longitudinal axis of the suction cup 33. A cylinder 37 having a closed end 38 is fixedly connected to the suction cup 33 so that its inner bore 39 forms a coaxial continuation of the bore J6 in the suction cup 33. A bore 40 (Fig. 4) in the cylinder 37 receives a line (not shown) which is connected to a vacuum pump, whereby the pressure in the suction cup 33 can be reduced.

The cylinder 37 has a ring 57 which is rotatable on a cross member 4l is mounted, which has bores 42 (one shown in FIG. 4) and is slidably guided on bolts 43. The bolts 43 are fixedly mounted on arms 44 of the frame 70 and carry threads for nuts 43 by which the cross member 41 is held. Each bolt 43 carries a helical spring 46 between the

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Arms 44 and the cross member 4l is arranged, and the cross member 4l biased in a direction away from arms 44.

A tappet designated by 47 in FIG. 4 is on the frame 70 and can exert a downward force (arrow N in FIG. 4) on the cylinder 37 and the suction cup 33. Of the The plunger 47 consists of a fork-shaped carrier 48, between the legs of which a plunger 49 is pivotably mounted at 55 the / end of which is a protrusion 50, while its other end 51 is connected to the piston of a Drudfl air cylinder (not shown) is connected.Äas closed end 38 of the cylinder 37 carries a Threaded bolt 52 in a bore 53, the longitudinal axis of which is colinear to the longitudinal axis of the cylinder 37 is. A lock nut 54 is attached the bolt 52 on the cylinder 37

The carrier 48 and the cylinder 37 are relative to the frame 70 such ' arranged that the projection 50 at a small distance above the Head of the bolt 52 is when the air pressure cylinder is not actuated will.

A ring 56 is rigidly attached to the cylinder 37. The ring 56 has an upstanding eccentrically attached pin 58 which is connected to a linkage (not shown) can, which can be actuated by a second air pressure cylinder. An actuation of this second air pressure cylinder moves the Connecting rod such that the ring 56 and thus the cylinder 37 and the suction cup 33 is rotated through an angle of approximately 90 °. The linkage is constructed in such a way that the above-described 90 ° rotation due to the relatively small vertical shift of the ring 56, which is triggered by the first-mentioned compressed air cylinder, remains essentially unaffected.

The air cylinder for the downward movement of the suction cup 33 is operated by a switch which is arranged to be triggered by the front edge of the slate which has just left the folding point 3b and is approaching the turning device. When the compressed air cylinder is actuated, the plunger pivots around the pin 55 , the projection 50 hitting the bolt -y2 and the cylinder 37 and the suction cup 33 downwards against the force of the

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Helical spring 46 pushes.

When the suction cup 33 has reached its lowest position, its open end 34 is pressed firmly into tight contact with it the corner of the slate that is closest to the front edge in the direction of movement of the slate, as well as the The edge of the conveyor belt 1 is obvious. When the suction cup 33 has reached its lowest position, a relay (not shown) actuated, which has a delay time of about 2oo to 3oo msec. This delay leaves the partial vacuum in the suction cup fall to a level high enough to support the weight of the slate. After this delay has expired the air cylinder pressing down the suction cup 33 becomes through the heat is turned off and the suction cup 33 is raised by the springs 46 together with the slate. At the same time, the relay actuates a second compressed air cylinder, to cause the slate to rotate 90 °. Another Switching mechanism (not shown) is provided to turn off the vacuum and effectively vent the suction cup when the 90 turn has ended. This releases the slate and falls back onto the running conveyor belt 1, while the second compressed air cylinder is put out of operation in order to turn the suction cup 33 back by 90 ° in its original position under the action of a spring (not shown).

With reference to FIG. 1, the turning device thus a slab of slate in the direction of arrow 0 from the position shown in dashed lines to the position shown in solid lines Turn the lines shown at the turning point 7. This operation can be done at least once every second be repeated. The distance from the leading edge of the slate that is associated with that of the turning device Reference rollers is in contact, up to the center of the suction cup 33 is such that the turning circle generated does not is in the way of any counter or working body.

The folding device described above works as follows. A large number of slates are placed one after the other

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which are fed to the conveyor belt 1 at short intervals, wherein Opposite edges run approximately parallel to the direction of movement of the conveyor belt (arrow K in Fig. 1). Fig. shows, for example and in the case of rectangular slates, the various stages that a slate goes through, when it is brought onto the conveyor belt 1 with its two longer edges approximately parallel to the direction K.

The front edge of the first slate releases the pusher when approached, assigned to the folding point ^ a is. As a result, the cross head 16 moves to the right (as geeehen in Fig. 2, and in the direction of arrow A in Fig. 1) and aligns the moving slate between itself and the reference rollers 19. The leading edge of the aligned slate is carried immediately under the first pair of impeller 24 which maintain alignment during the Crosshead 16 is returned to its inoperative position, i.e. the position assumed in FIG. The edge 2a. the Slate plate, which has been in contact with the reference rollers 19, reaches the cutting tool 6a. in a position that is essentially is shown in Fig. 5 so that the surface of the slate is substantially in the same plane as the Longitudinal axis of the shaft 8 and a cutting edge at the moment of impingement on the slate of slate by a small distance R overlaps. This overlap is expediently about 1.6 to 2.4 mm.

The cutting angle at the moment of folding is an acute angle between 0 and 45 ° with respect to the plane of the slate, seen in the plane of rotation. The rotation of the cutting tool and 4r angle at which the teeth move relative to the Slate moving cause the part of the edge 2a. that is in contact with the tool is rough edged and so with the desired naturally broken or rustic look.

The slate 2 is then guided past the cutting tool, until the entire edge 2a is folded. The relative

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The distance between the folding points jja »3b is chosen such that the front edge of the slate triggers the pusher associated with the second folding point 3Jb as soon as the Trailing edge 2 pounds of slate 2 the second pair of Leaves guide wheels 24. The crosshead of this pusher moves the slate in the direction of the arrow B (Fig. 1), so that it is aligned against the relevant reference rollers. The slate is placed under the associated guide wheels and carried past the cutting tool 6b, so that the edge 2Jb is folded in the same way becomes, like the opposite edge 2a.

The relative distance of the bending point 3t> from the turning point 7 is chosen such that the first compressed air cylinder to Lowering of the suction cup 33 is triggered as soon as the rear edge 2 £ of the slab of the second pair of guide wheels 24 of the point 3JL. has left. A turning process is then completed as described above to the slate plate align, with the already folded edge 2a now in front.

The relative distance of the turning point 7 from the folding point 3 £ is chosen such that the thrust device of the third Folding point 3c is triggered and the corresponding cross head is advanced in the direction of arrow C (Fig. 1), to align the slate 2 against the associated reference rollers as soon as the rear edge 2t> has passed below the suction cup 33. The slate is carried under the guide wheels and past the cutting tool 6c, so that the edge 2 £ is folded in the same way as the edges 2a and 2b_.

The relative distance between the folding point 3c and the folding point 3d is chosen such that the thrust device of fourth bending point} d is triggered and the corresponding Kreutkopf is advanced in the direction of arrow 9 (Fig. L) to align the slate 2 against the associated reference rollers as soon as the rear edge 2b the second pair of guide rollers 24 leaves the point 3c.

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The slate is then carried under the guide wheels and past the cutting tool 6d so that the edge 2c is in the same Be folded in the same way as the edges 2a, 2b and 2j3,

The slates thus reach the end of the conveyor belt folded on all four edges and can lead to a decrease or Loading point (not shown) can be transported by means of further conveyor belts.

An adjustment of the position of the axis of the shaft 8 in relation to the conveyor belt is provided by the degree and type of folding to be able to change the slate as desired. The width of the cutting tool is determined by the speed of the folding and the desired appearance of the slate is determined. The width of the tool also depends on yours Speed of rotation.

The thrusters can be slates of a maximum length align between 18 and 50 cm.

7 shows a second exemplary embodiment in a diagrammatic representation a folding device in which the 90 ° turn is achieved by the individual Conveyor belt Γ replaced by two conveyor belts 80 and 8l, which extend at right angles to each other. One essentially Rectangular slate 82 with four sides 82a, 82b, 82c, and 82d is fed by the conveyor belt 80 at the first cutting tool location 8 ^ a transported past where the edge 82a of the Slate is folded. The cutting tool location 83 is identical to the cutting tool point ^ a. A pusher (not shown) is provided around the slate To move 82 in the direction of arrow H and align it before it is transported past the cutting tool point 83a will.

The slate is then transported in the direction of arrow G by means of the conveyor belt 80 in the direction of a second sons tool point 83b. A second lifting device

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(not shown) is provided around the slate 82 in To move in the direction of arrow E and align «before it is transported past the cutting tool point 83b where its edge 82b is folded

The conveyor belt carries the slate 82 in the direction of the arrow G until it reaches the area of a further pushing device (not shown) which it moves in the direction of the Arrow P from the conveyor belt 80 to the conveyor belt 8l pushes · The conveyor belt 8l transports the slate in the direction of arrow S to a third cutting tool point 8 ^ c. Before reaching this point 8 ^ c, the slate is erected by a pushing device (not shown), which acts in the direction of the arrow T, around the edge 82 £ to be fed to the cutting tool point 83c.

The conveyor belt 8l then transports the slate to the last cutting tool location 83d before reaching it In place, the slate is aligned by a pushing device (not shown) which is directed in the direction of arrow W acts to feed the edge 82d to the cutting tool point 83kl

With the exception of the means for turning the slate by 90 ° the components of the device shown in FIG. 7 are essentially identical to those in detail has been described with reference to Figs

Patent claims

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Claims (12)

Patent claims: 1. Method for folding slate slabs, thereby characterized in that the slates (2, 82) by means of at least one rotatingly driven cutting tool (6a, 8 ^ a) be folded. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that substantially rectangular slates (7 * 82) are transported individually along a rotating cutting tool (6a, 85a) in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the tool, and that % ■ at least one edge (2a, 2b, 2 £, 2d_, 82a_, 82b, 82 (ϊ, 82d) _o vein slate plate for rough folding of the total length of this edge is supplied to achieve a naturally broken appearance. 3. Bending device for slate plates for implementation of the method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that at least one rotatingly driven Cutting tool (6a__, 83a) is provided, the at least an edge (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 82a, 82b, 82 £, 82d) of an im substantial rectangular slate (2, 82) can be supplied, and that conveying means (1, 80, 8l) are provided are to execute a relative movement between the cutting tool (6a, 8 ^ a) and the slate 2, 82) in a direction substantially parallel to the axis of rotation of the tool when the slate is in contact with the tool is fed, whereby the total length of the edge (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d) to achieve a naturally broken Can be edged roughly in appearance. 4. Apparatus according to claim 3 * characterized in that the cutting tool (6a, 83a) toothed and so rotatable - 16 109815/0688 is that his teeth (ll) are at the line of contact with the Move the slate (2, 82) downwards. 5. Apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that the longitudinal axis of the shaft (8) of the cutting tool in the same plane as the surface of the conveying means (l, 80, 8l) transported slate (2, 82) is arranged. - 6. Device according to claim 4 or 5 *, characterized in that four cutting tools (6a, 6b_, 6c_, 6d, 8j5a, 83b, 8j5Cj 83d) are provided along the length of the conveying means (1, 80, 8l), each of these tools one of the four sides (2a, 2b, 2 £, 2d, 82a, 82b, 82c, 82d) of the slate plate (2, 82) is folded. 7. Apparatus according to claim 3 to 6, characterized in that a turning device (7) for turning the slates (2, 82) by 90 ° between the second and third cutting tools (6b_, 6j2, 8j5b, 83c_) is arranged. 8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or J, characterized in that each cutting tool (6a, 8 ^ a.) Is assigned a pushing device (I3) for the predetermined alignment of a slate (2, 82) before this cutting tool is reached. 9. Apparatus according to claim 8, characterized in that each forging tool (6a, 83a) a reference surface (rollers 19) is assigned, against which a slate (2, 82) can be pressed by the pusher device (I3). 10. The device according to claim 7 * 8 or 9 *, characterized in that the conveying means consist of a single endless conveyor belt (l), and that a turning device (7) 3 arranged between the second and third "cutting tools (6b, 6c)" is around Has 90 ° rotatable suction cup (33) used to detect a slab of slate (2). 109815/0688 -17- COPY 11. The device according to claim 7 # 8 or 9, characterized in that the conveying means consist of two endless conveyor belts (80, 8l) which are L-shaped and at right angles to each other for turning the slates by 90 °, a first and a second Cutting tool (8j5a, 8j5b) are arranged on opposite edges of one of the "conveyor belts (8o), and a third and fourth cutting tool (8 ^ c ,. Qjd) are arranged on opposite edges of the other conveyor belt (8l). 12. The device according to claim 8 to 11, characterized in that the thrust device (ljj) is a pneumatically actuatable Has cylinder (.14) with a piston (15) which is connected to a cross head (ΐβ), which consists of an inoperative Position with a slate of slate transported on the conveyor belt (1, 8o) under the pusher (lj5) (2, 82) can be moved into contact, whereby the slate is pressed against the reference surface (rollers 19) will. 1?. Device according to claim 12, characterized in that two guide rollers (6l) are provided to maintain the alignment of the slates during folding, that each roller (6l) carries a guide wheel (24) near its ends for guiding the slates (2, 82) , and that a third guide roller (66) with a guide wheel 65 is arranged with its axis between the axes of the guide rollers (69), the axes of the three rollers being arranged substantially parallel to one another and perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the cutting tool. 109815/0688 BAD ORIGINAL COPY