DE1617013B

DE1617013B - Continuous process for the extraction of cod liver oil while at the same time achieving a low-fat, undiluted Graxe

Info

Publication number: DE1617013B
Authority: DE
Inventors: Dag Vinderen Sekkenes Johan Overgaard Tor Oslo Moystad
Original assignee: Peter Moller A S , Oslo

Description

Bs wird ferner angenommen, daß dje Kontraktion der Oraxepartikeln öltropfen, die in diese eingeschlossen sind, nach außen in die ölphase zwingt. Die Etabliervng des genannten pH-Intervalls hat einen entscheidenden Einfluß auf die kontinuierliche Separierbarkeit der Suspension, Dies geht außerdem daraus hervor, daß bei Zugabe von Säuremengen, die den pH- \Vert unter 5,0 herabsetzen, der Separator in kurzer Zeit verstopft wird, weil die Graxenphase nicht mehr so glatte »Konsistenz« hat und daß dieselbe durch die Spaltöffnung im Tellersatz in der Separatcrkugel herausgleitet. Zahlreiche Versuche mit Zusätzen von Eisessig von 0,2"/O und mehr, welche einen pH-Wert von unterhalb 5,0 ergeben, bestätigen diese Annahme.It is also assumed that the contraction of the Oraxeparticles of oil, which are enclosed in this are forcing outwards into the oil phase. The establishment the pH range mentioned has a decisive influence on the continuous separability of the suspension, this is also evident from the fact that when quantities of acid are added that Reduce \ Vert below 5.0, the separator will be clogged in a short time because the Graxen phase is no longer has such a smooth "consistency" and that the same through the gap opening in the set of plates in the separate ball slides out. Numerous attempts with additions of glacial acetic acid of 0.2 "/ O and more, which have a pH value below 5.0 confirm this assumption.

Das Verfahren wird in dem schematischen Diagramm dargestellt.The procedure is shown in the schematic diagram shown.

Zu dem Diagramm bezeichnet 1 eine Mahlvorrichtung bei der der Rohstoff — rohe, unbehandelte Fischleber — einer ersten groben Aufteilung unterworfen wird. Die Mahlvorrichtung kann von konventioneller Art, d. h. mit Messern oder anderen M'Ueln, z. B. Trommeln, ausgestattet sein, die die Leber zu genügender Feinheit aufteilen. Um eine Emulsionsbildung in der sauren Behandlungsstufe zu vermeiden, kann während dieser Aufteilung, insbesondere wenn mit Leberqualitäten unterhalb etwa 70° 0 Fettgehalt gearbeitet wird, nicht raffinierter Tran der Separierungsstufe 3 zugeführt werden. Die Menge Retuitran die zugeführt wird, hängt von der zu behandelnden Leberart ab und kann innerhalb weiter Grenzen variieren.In the diagram, 1 denotes a grinding device in which the raw material - raw, untreated Fish liver - is subjected to a first rough breakdown. The milling device can be of conventional type Kind, d. H. with knives or other tools, z. B. drums, which divide the liver to sufficient fineness. To create an emulsion Avoid being in the acidic treatment stage, especially if during this breakdown Liver qualities below about 70 ° 0 fat content are used, unrefined Tran of the separation stage 3 are fed. The amount of Retuitran that is added depends on the one to be treated Liver type and can vary within wide limits.

Von der Mahlvorrichtung wird — gegebenenfalls nach Siebung — diese Masse zu einer Homogenisierungsvorrichtung 2 geführt. Zu dieser Homogenisierungsvorrichtung oder unmittelbar vor dieser können, wie mit dem Pfeil 6 angedeutet, saure Reagenzen, z. B. Eisessig, Pufferlösungen, zugeführt werden, so daß der Zusatz .nit der Graxe-Öl-Dispersion innig gemischt wird. Die Homogenisierungsbehandlung dient auch dem Zweck, daß die Zellenstruktur der Leber völlig abgebaut wird, so daß die Fettpartikeln bloßgelegt werden. Dadurch, daß Returtran bei oder vor der Mahlstufe zugeführt wird, findet keine Emulsionsbildung stau, selbst wenn fettarme Leber verarbeitet und die nachfolgende Separierung ermöglicht wird.From the grinding device - if necessary after sieving - this mass becomes a homogenizing device 2 led. To this homogenization device or directly in front of it, as indicated by arrow 6, acidic reagents, e.g. B. glacial acetic acid, buffer solutions, are supplied so that the addition .nit the Graxe oil dispersion intimately is mixed. The homogenization treatment also serves the purpose of improving the cell structure of the Liver is completely broken down, so that the fat particles are exposed. Because Returtran with or Is fed before the grinding stage, there is no emulsion jam, even when processed low-fat liver and the subsequent separation is made possible.

Tn der Separierungsvorrichtung 3 wird das Tranöl von der Graxenphase und dem Wasser getrennt. Die Trennung wird, wie genannt, kontinuierlich in einer Zentrifuge mit hoher Drehzahl ausgeführt, wobei PrP-fein und Wasser als Graxe in dem Sehwerphasennuslauf und eine angenähert klare Tranphase durch >len Leichtphasenauslauf — mit 6 bezeichnet —■ herausgenommen wird.Tn the separation device 3, the Tranöl is separated from the Graxen phase and the water. The separation is, as mentioned, carried out continuously in a centrifuge at high speed, PrP-fine and water as Graxe in the Sehwerphasennuslauf and an approximately clear Tranphase through> len Leichtphasenauslauf - denoted by 6 - ■ is removed.

Von der Separiervorrichtung 3 zweigt die Leitung 4 ab, durch welche eine gewisse Menge Returtran zu cjer Mahlvorrichtung zurückgeführt wird, um ein hinreichend hohes Fettmilieu in dieser Stufe zu etablieren. Sämtliche Behandlungsstufen 1 bis 3 werden ohne Zufuhr von Wärme durchgeführt, und es wird dafür gesorgt, daß die Temperatur an keiner Stelle über die Koagulierungstemperatur des Proteins steigt.The line 4 branches off from the separating device 3 from, through which a certain amount of returtran is returned to the grinding device in order to obtain a sufficient to establish a high fat environment at this stage. All treatment stages 1 to 3 are carried out without the addition of heat, and it is ensured that the temperature is nowhere rises above the coagulation temperature of the protein.

Die nachfolgenden Beispiele werden die Erfindung näher erläutern,The following examples will explain the invention in more detail.

example 1

Leber mit einem Fettgehalt von etwa 65 ⁰Za wird kontinuierlich unter Zusatz von etwa 50% Tran (vom Separator) und 0,1° 0 Eisessig gemahlen. Die gemahlene Lebermasse wird der Homogenisierungsvorrichtung zugeführt, welche eine homogene Dispersion von Tran/Graxe direkt an den Separator liefert.Liver with a fat content of about 65 ⁰ Za is ground continuously with the addition of about 50% oil (from the separator) and 0.1 ° 0 glacial acetic acid. The ground liver mass is fed to the homogenization device, which delivers a homogeneous dispersion of Tran / Graxe directly to the separator.

Der Separator arbeitet kontinuierlich mit einer Kapazität von etwa 3000 1 Homogendispersion pro Stunde und liefert eine angenähert klare Tranphase mit etwa 0,1% Sedimentgehalt, der irr. wesentlichen aus Wasser besteht, und eine Graxenphase mit etwa 5⁰O Fettgehalt.The separator works continuously with a capacity of about 3000 liters of homogeneous dispersion per hour and delivers an approximately clear Tranphase with about 0.1% sediment content, which is irr. consists essentially of water, and a Graxen phase with about 5 ⁰ O fat content.

Example 2

Leber mit einem Fettgehalt von etwa 65% wird kontinuierlich unter Zusatz von etwa 10% Tran (vom Separator) und 0,2% einer Puffermischung, weiche aus Eisessig-Natriumacetat-Wasser in einem Mischverhältnis besteht, welches ein pH 4.5 iii der Pufferlösung liefert und pH 5,3 in der Lebersuspension gibt, gemahlen. Die gemahlene Lebermasse wird der Homogenisierungsvorrichtung zugeführt, welche eine homogene Dispersion von Tran/Graxe direkt an den Separator liefert. Der Separator arbeitet kontinuierlich mit einer Kapazität von etwa 3000 1 Homogendispersion pro Stunde und liefert eine angenähert klare Tranphase mit einem Sedimentgehalt von etwa 0.1%. der im wesentlichen aus Wasser besteht, und einer Graxenphase mit einem Fettgehalt von etwa 4%.Liver with a fat content of about 65% is continuously with the addition of about 10% Tran (from the separator) and 0.2% of a buffer mixture, soft from glacial acetic acid-sodium acetate-water in one There is a mixing ratio, which supplies a pH 4.5 iii the buffer solution and pH 5.3 in the liver suspension there, ground. The ground liver mass is fed to the homogenization device, which delivers a homogeneous dispersion of Tran / Graxe directly to the separator. The separator works continuously with a capacity of about 3000 1 homogeneous dispersion per hour and delivers an approximate clear tranquil phase with a sediment content of about 0.1%. which consists essentially of water, and a Graxen phase with a fat content of about 4%.

Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings

Claims

ι 2ι 2

work demanding and difficult process, the teacher

Patent claims; water obtained by squeezing

-. also a lower quality than the Tran, der

«L; Continuous process ^ ur extraction in the steam process is obtained, _
of cod liver oil with simultaneous achievement 5 Attempts have also been made to subject the liver to a mechanical, low-fat, undiluted Graxe, with which fine distribution, without or with the liver to a mechanical treatment of prior heating. The oil achieved at temperatures below the coagulating Graxemixe Then a separation under temperature for the project contained in the liver, z. B, in a centrifuge to separate the oil from the tein to achieve an oily dispersion of liver residues. However, this process has been subjected, the oil then found no industrial application by centrifugation,
alloy is separated, with the addition of A disadvantage of this process is that the

Acids, preferably organic acids or graxes, are difficult to separate from the oil because of the reason acid salts or buffer solutions an acid one of little difference in specific gravity Milieu is established, characterized by 15 between parts of the Graxen phase and oil phase net, that the pH-interval is adjusted to 5 to 6.5, an unclear oil phase arises, i.e. the oil phase is will. contaminated with fat-rich cell particles that themselves

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, after a long stay in the centrifuge, it does not indicate uass the pH range by using. The process is also stopped by Organic acids such as acetic acid, tartaric acid 20 that clogged the centrifuge. The centrifuge capacic acid. Lactic acid, citric acid and inorganics are too low as a result.

acids such as hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid, the purpose of the invention is to eliminate these disadvantages.

is established. term, and the invention relates to a continuous

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized by a clear method for obtaining a clear indicates that the pH area is under application of a tranquil phase and a fat gradient, without mitdung of buffers, e.g. B. acid sulphates or sau- s are used, which thin the Graxe and ren phosphates, e.g. B. from alkaline earths or puff without their protein coagulating. This is mixed with it, z. B. acetic acids and sodium achieved that the separation of the grax-containing acetate, established -.vjrd. Oil dispersion carried out within the pH interval

30 which is approximately from the isoelectric point of fish protein downwards and from the natural

borrowed acidity is capped. Downward

this pH interval is thus limited by pH 5.0, which is the value. in which the beginning co-

The present invention relates to aggravation of the protein occurring. Up is that drive for the extraction of cod liver oil from fish liver pH interval separated from the pH value about 6.5, while at the same time achieving a low-fat, to what value the acidity for the water phase of the diluted Graxe. Represents liver dispersion.

The Graxe is a by-product that is produced by the liver. This pH range can be reduced by adding acidic retran production fails and mainly from the 40 agents. like acids, preferably organic acid-protein cakes of the starting material, but ren or acidic salts are established and maintained also contains substantial amounts of oil, which will become. As examples of organic acids can difficult to win. By and large forms acetic acid (glacial acetic acid). Lactic acid. Tartaric acid or the graxe a by-product which is thrown away called citric acid. Under inorganic is used, but to a lesser extent as animal feed. Acids are preferably hydrochloric acid and phosphorus finds. However, if the Graxe as animal feed is phoric acid in question. Under acidic salts are the It is important that the fat content of acid phosphates and sulfates preferably be low with earth is. since high fat content can cause harmful single alkalis, e.g. B. called calcium or magnesium. Fin effect z. B. may have on the fur of fur animals. stable pH value within the range 5 to 6.5 The cod liver oil is known to be treated by 50 can also with buffer solutions, for. B. Acetic acid navon Fish liver can be established with steam m-t a subsequent trium acetate.

Excretion of the oil phase from the water-containing. According to the process according to the invention, the

Protein phase produced. The process is made much easier with separation of grayish liver dispersion or without recovery of that in the protein phase, ie. shorter separations are carried out with remaining trans. As is well known, this recovery and greater separation capacity is achieved by means of a centrifuge. Preferably, a centrifuge with «her fuging or by treating the Graxe with a number of revolutions, z. B. 4000 rev./min. applied. alkaline solution. In both cases, this oil yield, with a high yield of tears and low-fat grass, leads to the fact that the grass is rich in large quantities. The method according to the invention results in diluted water and therefore not usable, thus making it possible to make a grass with a fat content. up to about 2 ⁰ Z ₀ exclusively by centrifugation

One has always set oneself the task of being attainable.

It is believed that this is due to the fact that

win and furthermore the graxes in a usable form the fat and protein-containing grax particles themselves to reach. The only way in which these earlier 63 contract in the acidic environment, with the result, was practically carried out. Liver meal, after that the difference in the apparent specific which the graxe is subject to a previous weight between the oil and grax phase, Expressing was to produce. This, however, is a lighter currency, with a consequent lighter weight.