DE1530315C - Arrangement for detecting the running characteristics of railroad cars - Google Patents

Description

V _r ² = v ²

+ 2VV «, · COS β

each form a value v _ri ² or v _r2 ² related to the relative speed V ₁ between the car and the air at the two measuring points (Ml Ml) ;
and

f) a computing device (20), which from the measured and computed values obtained in this way each one Baseline

and

W _x = fx (w _0l , W ₀₂ ; V _n ² , W ₂ ^a ) W ₁ / = ./V(VV ₀ I, W ₀₂ ; IV ₁ ² , v _r2 ² )

50

for the rolling resistance w _x and the drag coefficient Wy of the car concerned.

2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that two computing units (16, 17) are provided, the angle from the measured values v _w and β of the anemometer (13) and the measured value V ₁ or v ₂ for the car speed. Determine V ₁ or a ₂ between the car speed ν and the relative speed v _r between the car and the air, as well as a function generator (IK, 19) that generates an air resistance value c _yi corresponding to the angle a - ■ / (ν, v _w , β) = ■ - / (^ ₁ ) b / vv. ο _μ . _} - / 0 * _ä ) and also sends it to the aforementioned computing unit (20) which is used to form the values W _x and w _y.

3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drainage track after the second measuring point (M2) has a track section with a defined radius of curvature R ₀ , that a device (21, 22, 23, M3) is provided, each one the. Speed and acceleration of the carriage at a third measuring point (M3) located in the area of this curvature corresponding measured value v ₃ , b _s , and that a further arithmetic unit (24) is present which generates an output value from the values available therewith

Wk-R ₀ = f (g ', Wy, w _x ; v ₃ , b ₃ ; v _m , / S ₃ )

determined for the coefficient of resistance to curvature Wk.

4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by triggering and storage devices (10, 11 or 22) to determine the values of the wind speeds v _wu v _w2 or v _W3 and wind directions / J ₁ , / J ₂ or / J ₃ to be recorded at those times ti, / ₂ or t ₃ at which the car passes through the relevant measuring points (Ml, M2 or M3).

5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a Doppler radar is provided in each case _{for measuring the speed V 1} , V ₂ and V _{3 of the car referred to said measuring points (Ml, M2, M3), at least} with respect to one of these measuring points that Doppler radar (3) is used, which also monitors the speed of the wagons in the track brake (2) in a known manner, and that the speed value v (/) supplied by the Doppler radar and the acceleration value derived therefrom (bit) are each in a memory (10, 11 or 22) is held at a point in time ti, / ₂ or / ₃ , which is given by the track contacts arranged at the measuring points (Ml, M2, Λ / 3).

The invention relates to an arrangement for detecting the running properties of under the egg flow the gravity running railroad car.

When the train is dismantled in gravity flow systems of the railroad shunting company equipped with track brakes, the wagons should leave the first track brake (valley brake) at such a speed that their entry speed into the second track brake (directional track brake) with a prescribed tolerance, which is arranged at the beginning of the directional tracks, has a given value v « _e reached. For the calculation of the exit speed vm to be observed from the valley brake, it is necessary to know all the variables that have an influence on the process. These relate to the wagons themselves, the track and the surrounding air. While the track data and that of the surrounding air are easy to grasp, is. it is difficult to determine the running characteristics of the car.

The invention is the. The underlying task is to create an arrangement which, with good accuracy, can achieve the

3 4

Capturing the running properties of under the Ein F i g. 3 serves to explain some definitions,

flow of gravity running railroad cars in F i g. 1 is one at the foot of the discharge mountain on

enables. Track brake 2 arranged on track 1 is shown. Behind

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the fact that the track brake is a Doppler radar 3,

joint application of the following features solved: 5 which in the operating state continuously one of the

Speed of the detected wagon

a) a device which emits a measured value v (i) that speaks to the speed. With 4, the control and acceleration of the running car device of the track brake is referred to, both at two spaced measuring points of the closing and opening of the brake beam and siding corresponding measured value V ₁ , V ₂ and io each to be exercised on the car Braking force O ₁ , Z> ₂ emits; adjusts. In this control device is known in

b) a transmitter, which forms a value for the setpoint ντα of the reduced acceleration due to gravity g '= / (G) for the car in question from the measured value G of the output value v (t) of the Doppler radar 3 with the end of the track; written exit speed from the track

c) two computing devices, which are compared from the output 15 brake and as a function of this Wertg 'of the encoder, the braking effect at the two measuring point comparison, controlled.

th measured acceleration values O ₁ or b ₂ The

and the known values for the track inclination speed VR _{e of} the wagons in the direction track

S ₁ or S ₂ according to the relationship W ₀ = s-b / g ' required value v _Ta is averaged in a computer 5 a value W ₀₁ or Vf ₀₂ for the one at the two 20 to which the values of the two 20 are averaged concerned

Measuring points occurring carriage running resistance are supplied to influencing variables determining the carriage running

Form W ₀ ; will. The track influencing variables, namely the values

d) one arranged in the area of the run-off track for the length k of the anemometer given by the running target to determine the wind speed running path, its inclination Si and its direction ßi speed v _w and the wind direction ß; 25 with respect to a fixed reference direction, e.g. B., the

e) two arithmetic units, which from the measurement of the valley brake 2, are supplied from a memory 6 values for the vehicle speed V ₁ and V ₂ , on request by the process entered for the wind speed v _w and the wind signal box Memory address i corresponding to the destination of the relevant direction β in accordance with the relation carriage. The wind

_v a _ _V 2 1 _v 2 _i_ 2vv _w · cos B ³ ° g ^esc h ^wmdi g ^{keit v} w and direction ß ' in the area of the

^rw path is indicated by a suitable place

each given an anemometer placed between the relative speed v _r. Eventually be

Car and air at the two measuring points in the computer 5 characterize the car

form the drawn value v _n ² or v _r2 ² ; and influencing variables, namely the reduced earth

f) a computing device, which from the acceleration g 'obtained in this way, the rolling resistance W _x and the measured and computed values each have an output - the drag coefficient w _{y of} the vehicle. As in worth F i g. 1 of the drawing indicated, can also still

W _x = f _x (w ₀₁ , W ₀₂ ; v _ri ² , v _ri ² ) a value w * · R ₀ can be entered, which relates to the

Coefficient of curvature resistance and will only be treated further below.

_{As is known, the} reduced acceleration due to gravity g ' takes into account the influence of the running dynamics

for the rolling resistance W _x and the wheel masses rotating against the air and can be calculated from the earth-moving coefficient W ₂ / of the respective wagon. nigungg as a function of the car weight G, for example, in a further embodiment of the invention, the coefficient of resistance to curvature W & of the car can also be determined according to the relationship g '= g · G / (0.8 + G). For this purpose, am Determine a sill track, namely that the sill track electronic weight sensor 7 is arranged, which initially has a piece of track with an * together with an evaluation stage 8 an electronically defined radius of curvature R ₀ that forms a track scale, from whose output value G in a Device is provided that each one of the speeds 50 further stage 9, the reduced acceleration due to gravity and the acceleration of the car at a g ' = / (G) is determined.

in the area of this curvature lying third measuring The parts described so far according to the arrangement

point corresponding measured value v ₃ , b ₃ emits, and that F i g. 1 are known per se. The other, below, another computing device is available, the devices explained are used to determine an output value 55 rolling resistance W _x and the aerodynamic drag coefficient from the values available therewith.

" . ,,". value w _{y of} the car.

Wk-R ₀ = f {g, wy, w _x ; V ₃ , b _s ; v ", ₃ , ß ₃ ) _{In the follow} the be

forms.

One embodiment of the invention is the running resistance _{in W 0}

The drawing is shown and the rolling resistance is 60 w _{x in more detail below}

explained. It shows w _y the drag coefficient

F i g. 1 schematically as an exemplary embodiment a c _{y of} the wind-direction-dependent air resistance part of a drainage system with a device for the value of the car
Determine the required run-out speed - ν the carriage speed
speed ντα ', 65 b is the acceleration dv \ dt of the car

F i g. 2, in addition to the arrangement according to F i g. 1, v _{w is} the wind speed

Means for determining the curvature resistance v _r the relative speed between cars at value Wj ₁ ; and air

_ _{2 a} .

Wy = JyKW ₀ I, W ₀₂ ; Vr ₁ , v _r2 )

5 6

β is the angle between the carriage speed ν as a result of the two-time determination of the

and wind speed v _{w mentioned} measured values can be derived from two equations

ix the angle between car speed ν form the relationships (1) and (2) and from this

and relative wind speed v _r and known calculation rules the two unknowns W _x

s Calculate the incline of the track at the respective reference 5 and w _y . So it is
location.

W _x = Mw ₀ I, W ₀₂ ; v _n ² , v _r2 ² ) (5)

The running resistance of the car is defined with and

Wy = A (W ₀₁ , W ₀₂ ; V _n ² , Vr ₂ ² ) (6)

W ₀ = s - bjg '. (1) ίο

or with the addition of the wind direction-dependent parameters W _x and w _y depend on the air resistance values of the vehicle:

resistance W ₀ together according to the relation ... _ ff ... ,,,. ,, 2 "a. " ~ \ Ί <~ \

W _x - J _x (W ₀₁ , W ₀₂ , V _n , Vr ₂ , Cy ₁ , Cy ₂ ) (pa.)

and

W ₀ = W _x + Cy - Wy · Vr (2) 15 _ f ( . 2 _v 2. _rr \ (f. "\

Wy - Jy (Wo ₁ , W ₀₂ , V _n , Vr ₂ , Cy ₁ , Cy ₂ ). (p &)

It is furthermore according to known relationships according to those appearing in relationships (5 a) and (6 a) -

F i g. 3 the values are obtained in the following way:

_Vj .2 _ _V 2 _ [_ _Vw 2 _j_ 2vv _w · cos / S (3) I ^{Q of} a computing device 14 is derived from the

j ao input value g ' of level 9, the known inclination S ₁

_. . of the siding at the measuring point Ml and from the

κ = arc sin (v _w · sin ß / v _r ). (4) Acceleration A _{1 of} the car extracted from memory 10 according to the relationship (1) the running resistance

Determined for the wind direction-dependent air resistance W ₀₁ = S ₁ - bjg ' . A further calculation coefficient Cy results in an empirical dependency 25 device 15 is correspondingly a value Cy - / («), that is, it can be determined if, according to Be for the running resistance occurring at measuring point M2 (4), the for determining the Angle <x required stand W ₀₂ = S ₂ - bjg ' won,
borrowed sizes are known. In accordance with relationship (3), the above-mentioned relationships in the following memories 10 and 11 are used to determine the values w _x and w _{y to} values

^use: V _n ² = V ₁ ² + V «,! ² + 2V ₁ Va ₁₁ · COS ß ₁

There are along the siding, at two if possible j

far apart places, two measuring points 2 _ 2 r 210

Ml and M2 arranged, and there is a device 35 ^{Vr2 = Va + Vws + 2} ^ ² ' ^C0S " ^z

provided, which won one of the speeds V ₁ and V _2, respectively.

as well as the acceleration B ₁ or b _{2 of} the car. 'directional drag coefficient c _yi and In the illustrated embodiment, the c _y2 are to be considered, the aforementioned measurement of the two velocities V ₁ and V _2, the 40 computing devices 16 and 17 formed so that they used the same Doppler radar 3, which comprises from them from the memory 10 and 11 feed speed of the car in the. Gleisbremse th input values, according to the relationship (4), which is de-monitored. The speaking angle given by the Doppler radar (X ₁ = / (v _l3 v _wi , / S ₁ ) or oc ₂ continuously changing speed value v (t) of the Wa- = / (v ₂ , v _W2 , / S ₂ ) between the car speed ν gens is fed to the input of a respective memory 10 or 11 45 and the relative wind speed v _r . In the memory, however, only the instantaneous value V ₁ or V _{2 of} this speed is shown in two parts The function set and labeled 18 and 19, which occurs at the times t _x and t ₂ , is supplied to the transmitter, which feeds the respective associated value of the transmitter arranged by the wind- direction-dependent aerodynamic drag coefficient at the measuring points M1 and M2 of the wagon gives c _yi = / ((X ₁ ) or c _y2 = f (oc ₂ ),
pointing. Signal to the relevant memory 10 All of the aforementioned determination values are given in or 11. a computing device 20 is fed, in which according to

From the output value v (t) of the Doppler radar, the relationships (5a) and (6a) become those of the ντα computer 5

furthermore in a differentiating stage 12 a value for the values to be supplied for the rolling resistance W _x and

Acceleration b (t) of the car is formed, which equals the drag coefficient w _{y of} the car

if the memories 10 and 11 is supplied. There will be.

with the help of the signals from the measuring point encoder Ml If only one when calculating W _x and w _y

and M2 can be taken into account in a similar way as above for the single Cjr value

Velocities V ₁ and V ₂ described, the trains- ■ this calculation z. B. according to the relationships
hearing acceleration values B ₁ and B ₂ recorded. 60

In the area of the siding is an anemometer 13 "," / ",," λ / λ, 2 " 2 \ m \

arranged, which has a value v "for the wind speed c, · W ₂ , = (w ₀₁ - w _O2 ) / (v _r2 - V _n ) (7)

speed and gives a value β for the wind direction. ^and

These two values are also related to the ones mentioned. W _x = (v _r2 ² W ₀₁ - V _n ² w _O2 ² ) / (v _r2 ² - v _n ² )

Memory 10 and 11 given and there to the same 65 (8)

Points in time at which the values V ₁ , B ₁ and v ₂ , B ₂

: relate, as instantaneous values v _wi and / S ₁ or v _wz . respectively. If the value c _{y is recorded} to increase the Ge and / S ₂ . accuracy, as assumed above, for each of the two

Measuring points Ml and Ml determined, then w _y and W _{x can be} according to the relationships

w _y = (w ₀₁ - w _O2 ) / (c2 / 2 v _r2 ² - Cy ₁ v _n ² ) (9)

W _x = (cj / 2 ■ v _r2

² W ₀ I -

' ^v r2

² ~

₀ I.
^v n ² )

^c vl " ^v n ^z ·

to be determined.

In addition to the values for its rolling resistance W _x and the drag coefficient w _y , its friction behavior in curves is also important for the behavior of the car on its way from the track brake into the predetermined direction track. It is therefore desirable to record this behavior by means of measurement and also to take it into account when calculating the nominal run-out speed v _Ta.

For the calculation of the additional resistance Wfc the relationship applies in curvatures

w = AIR

(Ιΐ)

Measuring point Ml (FIG. 1) has a piece of track 1 'with a defined radius of curvature R ₀ and an inclination S ₃ . A device is provided which _{measures the speed v 3 of} the carriage at a third measuring point M3 located in the region of this curvature. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, this device consists, similarly to FIG. 1, of a Doppler radar 21, a memory 22 to which the output value v (t) of the Doppler radar is given, and a transmitter at measuring point M3, which at time t _{3 of} the passage of the car sends a signal to the memory which causes the speed value V _{3 to be} retained in the memory.

In a differentiating stage 23, acceleration b (t) is determined from measured value v (i) of Doppler radar 21 and is recorded in memory 22 as acceleration value b _s in a manner similar to speed V ₃ at time t _3. Also, the measured values are _w v and β the wind gauge 13 at time t ₃ as _W3 and v ß _3.

The stored values are fed to a computer 24, which uses them according to a relationship

in which A embodies a value that depends on the coefficient of friction, the track width, the center distance and the inclination of the flange flank, and R is the radius of the curvature in question. If its curvature resistance Wk for a specific curvature radius R is known for a car, then the curvature resistance for any other given curvature radius can be calculated from this.

According to the embodiment of FIG. 2 it is possible to determine the curvature resistance of the car and to take it into account when calculating the target speed VTa. The presence of an arrangement according to FIG. 1 required. ■

According to the schematic plan view of the track according to FIG. 2 shows the siding after the second = Ag ', Wy, w _x ; v ₃₎ b ₃ ; v _W3 , ß ₃ )

(12)

forwards a value νν & · R ₀ characterizing the resistance to bending to the computing device 5. The computer 24 includes, inter alia, sections which are assigned to the units 14, 16 and 18 of FIGS. 1 correspond. In detail, the relationship becomes Wfc

W ₀₃ = J ₃ - bjg ' = W _x + like + w _y c _y3 v _r3 ² (13)

calculated. The values g ', W _x , w _y are taken from the units 9 and 20. The value v _r3 ² is calculated from equation (3) and the value c _y3 for the angle oc _{3 is} determined by a function generator corresponding to the function generator 18 and 19 according to relationship (4).

1 sheet of drawings 209 542/9 '

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Arrangement for detecting the running properties of running under the influence of gravity Railway carriage, marked du r c h a) a device (3, 12, Ml, Ml, 10, 11) which _{each emits a measured value V 1} , V ₂ or bi, b ₂ corresponding to the speed and the acceleration of the moving wagon at two measuring points (Ml, M 2) on the siding which are spaced apart from one another; b) an encoder (9) which forms a value for the reduced acceleration due to gravity g ' = / (G) from the measured value G of a weighbridge (7, 8) located on the siding; c) two computing devices (14, 15), which are derived from the output value g 'of the encoder (9), the acceleration values O ₁ or b ₂ measured at the two measuring points (Ml, Ml) and the known values for the track inclinations S ₁ or S ₂ corresponding to the relationship w ₀ = s - big ' each form a value W ₀₁ or W ₀₂ for the carriage running resistance W ₀ occurring at the two measuring points (Ml, Ml) ; d) an anemometer (13) arranged in the area of the run-off track for determining the wind speed v _w and the wind direction / 3; e) two computing devices (16, 17), which from the measured values for the vehicle _{speed V 1} and V ₂ , for the wind speed v _w and the wind direction β according to the relationship