DE1530315B2 - ARRANGEMENT FOR DETERMINING THE RUNNING CHARACTERISTICS OF RAILWAYS - Google Patents

Description

v _r ^% = v ²

2vv _w · cos β

_{each form a value v n} ² or W ₂ ² related to the relative speed v _f between the car and the air at the two measuring points (Ml M2);
and

f) a computing device (20), which from the thus obtained measurement and computation values each one Baseline

Formation of the values W _x and w _y serving arithmetic unit (20) emits.

3. Arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the drainage track after the second measuring point (M2) has a track section with a defined radius of curvature R ₀ , that a device (21, 22, 23, M3) is provided, each one the speed and acceleration of the carriage at a third measuring point (M3) located in the area of this curvature corresponding measured value v ₃ , b ₃ , and that a further computing device (24) is present, which from the values available with it an output value

WiC-R ₀ = f (g ', Wy, w _x ; v ₃ , b ₃ ; v _m , ß ₃ )

for the coefficient of curvature resistance as determined.

4. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized by triggering and storage devices (10, 11 or 22) to the values of the ( wind speeds v _m , v _W2 or v _m and wind directions / S ₁ , ß ₂ or .ß ₃ to be recorded at those times t _lt t ₂ or t ₃ at which the car passes through the relevant measuring points (Ml, M2 or M3).

5. Arrangement according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that a Doppler radar is provided in each case _{for measuring the speed V 1} , V ₂ and V _{3 of the car referred to said measuring points (Ml, M2, M3), at least} with regard to one of these measuring points, that Doppler radar (3) is used, which in a known manner also monitors the speed of the wagons located in the track brake (2), and that the speed value v (t) supplied by the Doppler radar and the acceleration value b {t) derived from it is held in a memory (10, 11 or 22) at a time t _u t ₂ or t ₃ , which is given by the track contacts arranged at the measuring points (Ml, M2, M3).

and

W _x = fx (w ₀₁ , W ₀₂ ; v _n ² , v _r2 ² )

Wy = Λ (W ₀₁ , W ₀₂ ; V _n ² , Vr ₂ ² )

for the rolling resistance W _x and the drag coefficient w _{y of} the car concerned.

2. Arrangement according to claim 1, characterized in that two arithmetic units (16, 17) are provided, which from the measured values v _w and β of the anemometer (13) and the measured value V ₁ or v ₂ for the car speed the angle « _x or (determine X ₂ between the car speed ν and the relative speed v _r between the car and the air, as well as a function generator (18, 19), which generates a drag coefficient c _yi - / corresponding to the angle α = / (ν, v _w , β) Ox ₁ ) or c _y% = / ((X ₂ ) and also to the mentioned, for The invention relates to an arrangement for detecting the running properties of railroad cars running under the influence of gravity.

When dismantling trains in the rail shunting operation's gravity drainage systems equipped with track brakes, the wagons should leave the first track brake (valley brake) with a speed ντα such that their entry speed into the second track brake (directional track brake) with a prescribed tolerance at the beginning of the directional tracks has a given value VR _e achieved. For the calculation of the respective exit speed ντα from the valley brake to be observed, the knowledge of all variables is necessary, which have an influence on the process. These relate to the wagons themselves, the track and the surrounding air. While the track data and that of the surrounding air are easy to capture, capturing the running characteristics of the wagons is difficult.

The invention is based on the object of creating an arrangement that with good accuracy

3 4

Capturing the running properties of under the Ein F i g. 3 serves to explain some definitions,

flow of gravity running railroad cars in F i g. 1 is one at the foot of the discharge mountain on

enables. Track brake 2 arranged on track 1 is shown. Behind

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the fact that the track brake is a Doppler radar 3,

joint application of the following features solved: 5 which in the operating state continuously one of the

Speed of the detected wagon

a) a device which emits a measured value v (t) that speaks to the speed. With 4, the control and acceleration of the running car device of the track brake is referred to, both at two spaced measuring points of the closing and opening of the brake beam and the sill track corresponding measured value V ₁ , V ₂ and io each to be exercised on the car Braking force b _1} b ₂ emits; adjusts. In this control device is known in

b) a transmitter, which forms a value for the setpoint νψα of the reduced acceleration due to gravity g '= f (G) for the car in question from the measured value G of the initial value v (t) of the Doppler radar 3 with the siding track; written exit speed from the track

c) two computing devices which are compared from the output brake and controlled as a function of this value g 'of the encoder, the braking effect at the two measuring point comparison.

th measured acceleration values ^ ₁ or b ₂ The amount required to achieve the intended run-in

and the known values for the track inclination speed VR _{e of} the wagons in the direction track

S ₁ or J ₂ according to the relationship W ₀ = s-b / g ' required value ντα is averaged in a computer 5 a value W ₀₁ or W ₀₂ for the two 20 to which this is the values of the relevant

Measuring points occurring carriage running resistance are supplied to influencing variables determining the carriage running

Form W ₀ ; will. The track influencing variables, namely the values

d) one arranged in the area of the run-off track for the length k of the anemometer given by the running target to determine the wind speed running path, its inclination Ji and its direction ßi speed v _w and the wind direction ß; 25 with respect to a fixed reference direction, e.g. B., the

e) two arithmetic units, which from the measuring of the valley brake 2, are supplied from a memory 6 values for the car speed V ₁ and V ₂ , on request by the process entered for the wind speed v _w and the steep wind speed Memory address i corresponding to the destination of the relevant direction β in accordance with the relation carriage. The wind

v ² = v ² + ν ² + 2vv · cos β ³ ° speed v _w ' and direction β' in the area of the

^r ω w η path is indicated by a suitable place

each given an anemometer placed between the relative speed v _r. Eventually be

Car and air at the two measuring points in the computer 5 characterize the car

form the drawn value v _ri ² or v _r2 ² ; and influencing variables, namely the reduced earth

f) a computing device, which from the acceleration g 'obtained in this way, the rolling resistance W _x and the measured and computed values each have an output - the drag coefficient w _{y of} the vehicle. As in worth 'F i g. 1 of the drawing indicated, can also still

w _x = / z (w ₀₁ , W ₀₂ ; v _n ² , v _n ² ) a value w _k · R ₀ can be entered which relates to the

_{unc j coefficient of} curvature resistance relates and only further

_ χ ( 2 2 \ ⁴ ° should be dealt with below.

w _y - Jy (W ₀₁ , W ₀₂ ; v _ri , Vr ₂ ) _D j _e reduced gravitational acceleration g ' taken into account

as is well known, the dynamic running influence of the itself

for the rolling resistance w _x and the air-resisting wheel masses and can be calculated from the earth-moving coefficient w _{y of} the respective wagon. inclination g as a function of the car weight G, e.g. B.

In a further development of the invention, 45 can also be determined according to the relationship g '= g - G / (0.8 + G)

become the curvature resistance coefficient wa of the car. For this purpose, a determination is made on the siding, namely by arranging an electronic weight sensor 7 on the siding, which after the second measuring point has a piece of track with an electronically defined radius of curvature R ₀ that forms a scales with an evaluation stage 8 the output value G of which is provided in a device that determines one of the speeds 50 further step 9, the reduced acceleration due to gravity and the acceleration of the car at a g ' = / (G).

in the area of this curvature lying third measuring The parts described so far according to the arrangement

point corresponding measured value V ₃ , b ₃ emits, and that F i g. 1 are known per se. The other, below, another computing device is available, the devices explained are used to determine an output value 55 rolling resistance W _x and the air resistance coefficient from the values available therewith.

_n r ,,, ο -. value w _{y of} the car.

Wk-R ₀ = J (g, w _y , W _x ; V ₃ , b _z \ v _m , ß ₃ ) _{In the following se} ; _en

forms.

One embodiment of the invention is the running resistance _{in W 0}

The drawing is shown and the rolling resistance is 60 w _{x in more detail below}

explained. It shows Wy the drag coefficient

F i g. 1 schematically, as an exemplary embodiment, a c _{y of} the wind-direction-dependent air resistance part of a drainage system with a device for the value of the car
Determine the required run-out speed - ν the carriage speed
speed νταί 65 b the acceleration dvjdt of the car

F i g. 2, in addition to the arrangement according to F i g. 1, v _{w is} the wind speed

Means for determining the resistance to curvature v _r the relative speed between cars

at values s w ^; and air

5 6

β is the angle between the carriage speed ν as a result of the two-time determination of the

and wind speed v _{w mentioned} measured values can be derived from two equations

α the angle between the carriage speed ν form the relationships (1) and (2) and from this

and relative wind speed v _r and known calculation rules the two unknowns w _x

s Calculate the incline of the track at the respective reference 5 and w _y . So it is

w _x = A (W ₀₁ , W ₀₂ ; v _ri ² , Iv ₂ ² ) (5)

The running resistance of the car is defined with and

Wy = fy (w ₀₁ , W ₀₂ ; V _n \ Vr ₂ ² ) (6)

W ₀ = s - big '. (1) ίο

or with the addition of the wind direction-dependent parameters W _x and w _y depend on the air resistance values of the vehicle:

resistance w ₀ together according to the relation _w - f (ww ■ ν ² ν ² · rr Λ da}

^u W _x - Jx [W ₀₁ , w ₀₂ , v _n , v _r2 , Cy ₁ , Cy ₂ ) (p a;

, 2 ™ ^and

W ₀ = W _x + Cy · Wy · V _r (2) 15 ", _ f A ₁ , _u , ... 2 _v 2. - _r \ (f. _A \

"■ * '» »' ν /« _Wy - Jy (W ₀₁ , W ₀₂ , V _rl , Vr ₂ , Cy ₁ , Cy ₂ ). (Ό &)

. It is furthermore according to known relationships according to those appearing in relationships (5 a) and (6 a) -

F i g. 3 the values are obtained in the following way:

_Vf .2 _ _V 2 _j_ _Vw 2 _j_ 2vv _w · cos β (3) I ⁿ a computing device 14 is derived from the

j 20 output value g ' of level 9, the known inclination J ₁

. . > ■. of the siding at the measuring point Ml and from the

oc = arc sm (y _w * sin ß / v _r ). (4) Acceleration O ₁ taken from memory 10 of the Wa- (

gens according to the relation (1) the running resistance

Determined for the wind direction-dependent air resistance W ₀₁ = ^ ₁ - bjg ' . A further calculation coefficient Cy results in an empirical dependency 25 device 15 is correspondingly a value Cy - / («)> that is, it can be determined if, according to Be for the running resistance occurring at measuring point M2 (4), the for determining the Angle α required stand W ₀₂ = J ₂ - b ₂ / g ' obtained,
borrowed sizes are known. In accordance with relation (3), the above-mentioned relations in the following memories 10 and 11 are used to determine the values W _x and w _{y to} values

^use: V _n ² = V ₁ ² + V _W1 ² + 2V ₁ V ^ ₁ · COS ß ₁

There are along the drainage track, on two as possible _{un (} j

far apart places, two measuring points 2 _ 2 r 210

Ml and Ml arranged, and there is a device 35 ^{Vr2 = Va + Vw2} + - ^ «- a ' ^cos Pa

provided, die'je one of the speed V ₁ and V ₂ respectively.

as well as the acceleration b _x or b _{2 of} the car, because in the exemplary embodiment also outputs the measured value corresponding to these measuring points. direction-dependent drag coefficients c _yi and • In the illustrated embodiment, c _{y2 is to be} taken into account, the mentioned measurements of the two speeds V ₁ and V _2, the 40 computing devices 16 and 17 are designed so that they use the same Doppler radar 3, which the from the them from the memory 10 and 11 feed speed of the car in the. Gleisbremse th input values, according to the relationship (4), which is de-monitored. _{The speaking angle Oc 1} = / (V ₁ , v _wi , ρ \) or « ₂ , · continuously changing speed value v (t) of the Wa- = / (v ₂ , V ₁₀₂ , ß ₂ ) emitted by the Doppler radar between the carriage speed ν ν

gens will determine the input of a memory 10 or 11 45 and the relative wind speed v _r .

fed. In the memory, however, only the encoder is fed to an instantaneous value V ₁ and V _{2 of} this speed represented here in two parts and denoted by 18 and 19, respectively, which occurs at times t _x and t ₂ , respectively. the respective associated value of the drag coefficient which is dependent on the wind direction at the measuring points Ml and Ml; orderly encoder gives the passage of the car to 50 c _yi = / (0C ₁ ) or c _y2 = f (oc ₂ ) ,
pointing. Signal to the relevant memory 10 All of the aforementioned determination values are given in or 11. a computing device 20 is fed, in which according to

From the output value v (t) of the Doppler radar, the relationships (5 a) and (6 a) become those of the v ^ a computer 5

furthermore in a differentiating stage 12 a value for the values to be supplied for the rolling resistance W _x and

Acceleration b {t) of the car is formed, which equals the drag coefficient w _{y of} the car

if the memories 10 and 11 is supplied. There will be.

with the help of the signals from the measuring point encoder Ml If only one when calculating W _x and w _y

and Ml in a manner similar to that which is to be taken into account for the single c ^ value above, speeds V ₁ and v _{2 can be} described, the trains- · this calculation z. B. according to the relationships
hearing acceleration values O ₁ and b ₂ recorded. 60

There is an anemometer 13 in the area of the run-off track. ,., _(u . ", \ u., ₂ " ₂ \ _n \

arranged, which has a value v «, for the wind speed <* · *" = (w ₀₁ - w _O2 ) / (v _r2 - V _n ) (7)

speed and gives a value β for the wind direction. ^u

These two values are also transferred to the mentioned ^w * - ( ^v r2 ² W ₀₁ - v _n ² w _O2 ² ) / (v _r2 ² - v _ri ² )

Memory 10 and 11 given and there to the same 65 (8)

Points in time at which the values V ₁ , O ₁ and v ₂ , b ₂

! refer, as instantaneous values V ^ ₁ and / J ₁ or v _W2 . take place. If the value c _{y is recorded} to increase the level and ß ₂ . accuracy, as assumed above, for each of the two

7 8

If measuring points Ml and Ml are determined, then w _y and measuring point Ml (FIG. 1) can be a piece of track 1 'with a radius of curvature R ₀ defined according to the relationships W _x and an inclination J ₃

on. A device is provided which the

Wy - (w ₀₁ - w _O2 ) l (c _Mi · Vr ₂ ² - Cy ₁ · V _n ² ) (9) Speed V _{3 of} the car at one in the area

and 5 third measuring point M3 lying on this curvature

W _x = (cy ₂ ■ Vr ₂ ² · Vf ₀₁ - Cy ₁ · v _n ² · W ₀₂ ) / measures. In the embodiment according to FIG. 2 loading

(.Cy ₂ · IV ₂ ² - Cy ₁ · v _ri ² ) this facility, similar to FIG. 1, is pending

a Doppler radar 21, a memory 22 to which the

to be determined. Output value v (t) of the Doppler radar is given,

For the behavior of the car on its way from io and a transmitter at measuring point M3, which at the time of the track brake in the predetermined direction track point i ₃ of the car's passage to the memory, in addition to the values for its rolling resistance W _x, emits a signal that causes that its speed value V _{3 is also} recorded in the memory and the drag coefficient w _y,
Exercise behavior in curvatures is important. It is in a differentiating stage 23 from the measured value

is therefore desirable, this behavior measuring 15 v (t) of the Doppler radar 21, the acceleration b (t) ertechnisch to capture and in the calculation of averages and in a similar manner as the VELOCITY target outlet speed ντα also to be taken into velocity v ₃ at time t ₃ as the acceleration value b _s. held in memory 22. The measuring

For the calculation of the additional resistance, what are the values of v _w and β of the anemometer 13 at the point in time? ₃ in curvatures, the relationship 20 is stored as v _W3 and ß _3.

The stored values are fed to a computer 24 w = AIR (11), which is derived from this according to a relationship

Wk-R ₀ - f (g ', Wy, W _x ; V ₃ , b ₃ ; v _W3 , β _Ά ) (12)

in the A one of the coefficient of friction, of the track width, the 25th

Center distance and the inclination of the flange flank embodies a dependent value characterizing the resistance to curvature, and R is the radius, the value wj · R ₀ forwards to the arithmetic unit 5, the curvature in question. The computer 24 includes, among other things, sections, its resistance to curvature νν & for a specific one, the units 14, 16 and 18 of FIG. 1 known radius of curvature R , 30 can speak from this. In detail it becomes like the relationship
Resistance to bending for any other
specified radius of curvature can be calculated. W ₀₃ = S ₃ - bjg ' = W _x - {- How + w _y · c _y3 · v _r3 ² (13)

According to the embodiment of FIG. 2 is it

possible to calculate the curvature resistance of the car. The values g ', W _x , w _y are taken from the unit means and when calculating the setpoint speeds 9 and 20. The value v _r3 ² is taken into account from the speed ντα. The existing equation (3) is calculated and the value c _y3 for being an arrangement according to FIG. 1 required. · Angle « _{3 determined} according to the relationship (4) by a radio transmitter according to the schematic plan view of the track transmitter, which the function transmitter 18 or according to FIG. 2 shows the slackline after the second 19 corresponds.

1 sheet of drawings

Claims (1)

Patent claims: 1. Arrangement for detecting the running properties of running under the influence of gravity Railway carriage, characterized by a) a device (3, 12, Ml, Ml, 10, 11) which each emits a measured value V ₁ , V ₂ or O ₁ , b ₂ corresponding to the speed and the acceleration of the moving car at two measuring points (Ml, Ml) on the siding that are spaced apart from one another; b) an encoder (9) which forms a value for the reduced acceleration due to gravity g ' =. / (<?) from the measured value G of a weighbridge (7, 8) located on the siding; c) two computing devices (14, 15), which from the output value g 'of the encoder (9), the acceleration values b _x and b _{2 measured at the two measuring points (Ml 3} Ml) and the known values for the track inclinations J ₁ or J _{2 form} a value W ₀₁ or W ₀₂ for the carriage running resistance w ₀ occurring at the two measuring points (Ml, M2) in accordance with the relationship w ₀ = s - big ' ; d) an anemometer (13) arranged in the area of the run-off track for determining the wind speed v _w and the wind direction / 3; e) two computing devices (16, 17), which from the measured values for _{the vehicle speed V 1} and v ₂ , for the wind speed v _w and the wind direction β according to the relationship